Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This article introduces an innovative economic framework: a points-based global economic system. Under this model, the value of a nation's currency is determined by points assigned for its contributions to global production, resources, and economic outputs. The system aims to replace speculative currency valuation mechanisms with a transparent, fair, and merit-based approach. Each country's currency gains points proportional to its contribution to the global economy, including GDP, natural resources, and production of key economic drivers. This paper explores the structure, benefits, and implementation challenges of the system, while providing case studies to illustrate its potential impact on global trade and economic equity. (Rodrik, D. , (2011).)
Rapid urbanization in developing cities presents unique challenges for transportation systems. This study investigates urban transportation patterns in Akure, Nigeria, using geospatial analysis and machine learning to inform sustainable planning strategies. A two-pronged approach was employed. First, geospatial analysis involved surveying 440 Akure residents (age, occupation, income, preferred transportation). Additionally, geospatial data on trip volumes within high, medium, and low-density zones was obtained. Second, machine learning models (Random Forest and XG Boost) were trained on the data to predict transportation choices. Model performance was evaluated based on classification accuracy, error metrics (mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and R-squared value). Analysis revealed young adults (18-30 years old) comprised the largest demographic group (37.5%), with self-employment being most common (32.0%). The gender distribution favoured males (54.4%), and 27.7% earned 50,000-100,000 Naira monthly. Taxis were the most popular mode (30.6%), followed by motorcycles (23.5%) and personal cars (28.2%). Spatial density significantly influenced mode selection. High-density zones (4,144 weekly trips) favored taxis (31.2%) and motorcycles (23.5%) for manoeuvrability in congested areas. Low-density zones (800 weekly trips) preferred personal cars (20.75%) due to sparser populations and potentially longer distances. The medium-density zone (916 weekly trips) demonstrated a balanced mix (taxis: 21.8%, personal cars: 19.8%, motorcycles: 15.1%, tricycles: 9.5%). The Random Forest model outperformed XG Boost in predicting transportation choices (accuracy: 78% vs. 74%). It also exhibited lower error metrics (MSE: 805.76, MAE: 603.25, RMSE: 28.39) and a higher R-squared value (0.70), indicating a stronger predicted-actual value correlation. This study highlights the interplay between demographics, spatial density, and transportation preferences in Akure. Geospatial analysis and machine learning offer valuable insights for understanding urban transportation dynamics. The Random Forest model's superior performance suggests its potential as a tool for urban transportation planning in Akure. By considering zone-specific characteristics and resident needs, policymakers can develop tailored solutions for sustainable and efficient transportation systems.
The peri-urban forests of Kisangani are full of enormous potential in NTFPs. These rich and varied natural resources are exploited by rural women for food, health and economic needs. This research aims to identify the NTFPs exploited by rural women in the peri-urban area of Kisangani and to analyze the impacts of these NTFPs for the women under examination. This is how this research aims to identify NTFPs exploited by rural women in peri-urban Kisangani and to analyze the impacts of these NTFPs for the women under examination. To achieve this, we used the functional method of Robert King Merton, supported by the comparative approach. To collect the data, we used the documentary technique, the disengaged direct observation technique and the semi-directed interview. We selected 180 respondents, 120 women, 10 leaders of women's NGOs and 50 men. To process the data, we used qualitative and quantitative content analysis. We found that rural women in peri-urban areas of Kisangani exploit caterpillars, game, freshwater fish, insects, skins of certain mammals, honey, mushrooms, snails, palm nuts, medicinal plants, mineral products and food plants. Therefore, the impact is positive, because these NTFPs constitute the source of income, play a role in complementing food. Consequently, the impact is positive, because these NTFPs constitute the source of income and play a role as a food supplement.
The challenges of rural women in peri-urban Kisangani in the exploitation of NTFPs constitute the question which motivated this research. The findings show that in rural African environments, in the DRC and in Kisangani, women seem to be subject to exploitation. Indeed, she also works in the fields, takes care of transporting products from these fields to the household, takes care of household activities and also takes care of the children and her husband. However, these rural women face a certain number of challenges in the exploitation of NTFPs, especially in the peri-urban areas of Kisangani. The functional analysis following the scheme of Robert King Merton was useful, supported by the comparative approach. Documentary techniques, disengaged direct observation and semi-directed interview facilitated data collection. While the processing of this data was facilitated by qualitative and quantitative content analysis. This research showed that the challenges that rural women in peri-urban Kisangani face in the exploitation of NTFPs are, among other things, the underestimation of these rural women, the retrograde aspects of custom and cultural norms as well as lack of infrastructure and limited services
L’éducation est une chose très importante pour l’épanouissement d’une personne ou d’une communauté. Elle peut être acquise de plusieurs manières et plusieurs sources. La source orale nous a intéressé de parler sur les valeurs éducationnelles tirées dans les contes anglais et Topoke. Dans les contes on trouve des valeurs : linguistique, social et morale, politique, psychologique, économique, culturel et pédagogique. La valeur pédagogique est déterminée par les trois étapes d’un conte à savoir : l’introduction, le développement accompagné des chants et la conclusion. Les contes éduquent les enfants et forment pour un raisonnement et jugement logique dans le développement de la mémoire de l’enfant, contribuent à la formation, éducation et enseignement de la jeunesse en tira les différentes leçons morales du passé pour pouvoir bien affronter les différentes circonstances qui seront à face de la génération future. Les contes recourent largement au langage métaphorique qui a pour objet de transmettre sous un message que l’auditoire déchiffre à des degrés différents.
The integration of deep learning and IoT technologies has revolutionized real-time monitoring of oil and gas facilities, specifically in pipeline corrosion modelling. This research presents a cutting-edge AI-based corrosion mitigation model that anticipates and detects corrosion in real-time, addressing critical challenges such as material degradation, safety risks, and maintenance costs. Enhanced machine learning models, particularly an improved convolutional neural network (CNN), achieved exceptional accuracy (99.4%) compared to traditional CNN (77.8%), ResNet-50 (86.4%), Inception-v3 (56.0%), and VGG-19 (58.0). This enhanced-CNN model leverages diverse data inputs, including historical imagery and live camera feeds, enabling precise anomaly detection. IoT devices equipped with advanced sensors ensure granular, accurate, and continuous data collection, enhancing the predictive capabilities of the system. Additionally, a web-based mobile application was developed and tested, effectively gathering and analyzing data from both corroded and non-corroded pipeline sections. The system demonstrated robust performance in real-world and virtual scenarios, enabling operators to swiftly respond to abnormalities. This innovative approach provides a proactive, data-driven solution to pipeline corrosion management, significantly improving operational efficiency and infrastructure safety in the oil and gas industry. Keywords: Internet of Things (IOT), Corrosion, convolutional neural network (CNN), real-time, monitoring.
This paper examines the effect of compensation management on organization performance specifically in Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of compensation management in organizations with specific reference to Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara. The study employed survey research design. Primary data was used for the study with questionnaires as research instrument. The subjects of this study were One hundred staff in Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara. The hypotheses formulated for the study were Chi square-test and analysis of variance with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicate that the respondents are not satisfied with the compensation they receive; they regard it as inadequate and insufficient.. The study reveals that employees’ level of job satisfaction is negatively affected by the fact that their remuneration is not commensurate with the tasks they perform and job security is not totally guaranteed. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that management of the polytechnic should improve their compensation strategy and remuneration to boost staff dedication and commitment to efficiently deliver good service. This will greatly improve commitment in service delivery within the sector.
Leadership is a key component of organizational success. It plays an important role in fostering organizational success by establishing the values, behaviors, and practices defining the organization environment. The importance of leadership styles in accomplishing organizational objectives and effectiveness is examined in this research. It emphasizes the substantial impact that varied leadership philosophies have on worker engagement, creativity, and productivity. Through the lens of transformational leadership, it emphasizes the need for alignment of leadership styles with organizational goals to foster adaptability in rapidly changing business environments. The paper discusses key leadership styles such as coercive, authoritative, pacesetting, and democratic, and their respective impacts on team dynamics and productivity. Leadership style, employee satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness are the three factors that influence employee morale and productivity. Leaders who prioritize ethical practices not only enhance trust and loyalty among employees and contribute to long-term organizational success but also foster a sustainable and ethical organizational environment. It further highlights the importance of ethical leadership in cultivating a positive organizational culture and sustainable success, providing real-world examples including the leadership strategies of Jacinda Ardern during the COVID-19 pandemic and Paul Polman at Unilever. Overall, the paper aims for a flexible and adaptive leadership approach that responds to challenges while promoting inclusive and innovative organizational objectives. Keywords: leadership, leadership style, leadership approach, organizational culture
Understanding and adapting organizational structures is essential for achieving business goals and fostering innovation in diverse and dynamic environments. Organizational structures are traditionally categorized based on activity arrangement, decision-making authority, and legal entity frameworks. Common structures include hierarchical, flat, matrix, and network configurations, each with distinct strengths and limitations. Hierarchical structures provide clear authority and control, enabling large corporations to manage complex operations globally. However, they often suffer from slow decision-making and limited adaptability. Flat structures promote decentralized decision-making and flexibility but may struggle with role ambiguity and conflicts, particularly under pressure. The matrix structure fosters collaboration by integrating functional and project management but risks conflicts due to overlapping authority. Meanwhile, network structures enhance interconnectedness and collaboration, making them effective for decentralized systems and dynamic organizational needs. These structures directly influence employee behavior and organizational outcomes. Empowering employees through autonomy, collaboration, and participation fosters engagement and innovation. Nonetheless, effective empowerment requires balancing flexibility with structured guidance to prevent inefficiencies. Additionally, adapting organizational structures to meet evolving demands, such as transitioning to agile frameworks, requires strategic leadership and comprehensive change management. Models like Lewin's and Kotter's provide actionable frameworks for overcoming resistance and embedding new practices into organizational culture. Ultimately, aligning leadership, strategy, and culture is crucial for sustaining transformation and driving long-term success. Keywords: Organizational Behavior, Organization Hierarchy, Organizational Leadership, Organizational Structure
Lifelong education is an important concept in modern education systems, enabling individuals to respond to rapid social, economic, and technological changes. In Sri Lanka, where the system of education has long been regarded as a major cornerstone of national development, lifelong learning is increasingly recognized as a critical driver of personal growth and socio-economic development. This paper reviews the contribution of lifelong education to the educational sector in Sri Lanka by promoting inclusiveness, working skills, and social cohesion. Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations for policy mechanisms in the improvement of lifelong education are discussed.
This article explores in detail the success factors and project risk management. Drawing upon academic references, case studies, and key project management concepts, it delves into the impact of success factors on risk reduction and the consequences of poor management of these factors on projected risks. Categories of success factors, including human, planning, and technological aspects, are examined for their crucial role in mitigating project risks. Furthermore, the relationship between effective management of success factors and risk reduction is illustrated through concrete examples of both successful and failed projects. This analysis underscores the significance of proactive management of success factors in mitigating potential risks and ensuring project success.
This comparative literature review on the glimpse, perspectives, and ways forward on curriculum planning, development, implementation and evaluation as innovation to the 21st Century Education System focuses on the addressed issues, outcomes and implications of its related literature in curriculum as its main objective. The research articles including the issues and trends in the educational system in the Philippines, Southeast Asia, Europe, North and South America and European Countries extend their best practices, methodologies, strate-gies and its implications which might be useful in related research study towards the 21st Century Education as the comparative and struc-ture-based analysis of the curriculum created and studied by the researchers across the country. It also aligns with the glimpse of curricu-lum planning and development of teachers and school administrators and ways forward based on the results of its implementation and evaluation. Issues and gaps addressing its curriculum implementation through its respondents will take place with its comparison on how the curriculum in the certain subject area in Mathematics, English and Science in the K to 12 Education System in the Philippines also reflected on the results of its quantitative and qualitative research approaches that will be determined its effectivity and efficiency to its school administration, the government, and stakeholders. The future researchers hone their potential on finding the several factors that will affect the curriculum planning, development, implementation, and evaluation as their basis to their research study in the 21st Century Education System.
In an increasingly interconnected global economy, economic crises in one region can ripple across markets worldwide, impacting businesses and consumers far beyond the crisis’s origin. The practice of international marketing is especially sensitive to such downturns, as economic instability often disrupts consumer demand, supply chains, and pricing structures in external markets. This research examines International Marketing in a Time of Crisis, with a particular emphasis on strategies employed by companies during economic crises affecting external markets. Economic crises challenge businesses to adapt quickly to declining consumer purchasing power, fluctuating currency rates, and heightened competition. This study aims to explore the strategies companies adopt to sustain their market presence and, ideally, turn adversity into opportunity amidst such volatile conditions. Specifically, the research investigates how firms adjust marketing strategies, adapt product offerings, and recalibrate brand messaging to remain resilient. Through an analysis of recent cases and historical data, this research provides insights into the strategic adjustments that have proven effective and sheds light on how international firms can safeguard their market position during economic turbulence. The findings contribute to the field of international marketing, offering a roadmap for navigating external market crises and equipping businesses with tools to maintain their competitive edge even under challenging economic conditions. Therefore, the current research seeks to focus on the topic of the impact of modern strategies for crisis management on the marketing performance of companies, especially that international companies operate within the private sector system, which is an important part in achieving the ambitions of the development plan of those countries under whose system these companies operate.
Purpose - The effectiveness of cross-functional teamwork among construction professionals is influenced by wide range of factors. Understanding these influential factors is decisive for enhancing teamwork effectiveness in the construction industry. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the factors influencing the effectiveness of cross-functional teamwork among construction professionals in Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach - Factors influencing the effectiveness of cross-functional collaboration among construction professionals were discovered through a scoping literature review, which aided in the creation of a questionnaire survey. Architects, builders, engineers, and quantity surveyors were among the building industry experts from whom data was gathered. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Mean Item Scores (MIS), Percentages, and Frequencies were among the statistical methods used to analyse the retrieved data. Findings – Considering the outcomes of the MIS ranking, top three influential factors were external stakeholder influence, interpersonal relationships, motivation and engagement. While from the factor analysis, the influential factors identified were categorized into ten principal clusters, namely; team cohesion, communication, team composition, workload distribution, cultural diversity, shared goals, health and safety awareness, adaptability, technological integration, and trust. Practical implications - Major practical implication in this study is to encourage strong and effectiveness of cross-functional teamwork among construction professionals, emphasizing the influential factors like clear communication, stakeholder influence, robust interpersonal relationships, and clarity of roles, which are vital for reducing misunderstandings and fostering effective collaboration in construction industry. Originality/value - This study assesses the factor influencing the efficacy of cross-functional collaboration among Nigerian construction professionals as far as the authors are aware, and also evaluate these factors using a structured quantitative approach. Keywords: Cross-functional dynamics, Construction Projects, Teamwork, construction professionals, Sustainable Construction
This research explore how the implementation of mindfulness and stress management can affect the behaviour and performance of students, in light of the emergent mental health issues affecting learners at school. Based on secondary data, it examines existing and secondary data sources and related research and literature in various educational settings. In the research, it is clearly illustrated how academic demands, peer relations, and personal development issues cause stress and reduce academic outcomes and behaviours among students. Mindfulness programs, defined by promoting the direct experience of the current moment and completion of emotional self-regulation, appear as effective tools for boosting cognition, diminishing behavioural concerns, and optimizing quality of life. Research shows that there are modest and meaningful changes in educational outcomes like CGPA scores, test scores and some sort of positive behavioral changes like decrease in misconducts within classroom and cases of student discipline. Additionally, such programs contribute to maintaining high emotional stability, relieved stress levels, and life satisfaction. However, the study notes deficiencies in the evaluation of the nature and extent of variability in program effect and implementation, moderated by such factors as socioeconomic status. Both discuss the timeliness of culturally sensitive treatments and the importance of methodologically sound, controlled, and powered research designs that support causal claims. They also present the issue of ethical issues and discussing how future research needs to incorporate informed consent and other cultural appropriateness in its framework whilst following careful methodological processes and guidelines. Finally, the study points out attention and stress reduction programs as suitable models for promoting personal development therefore urging education stakeholders to incorporate into the curricula for improved student performance.
Objectifs : Évaluer systématiquement les résultats et complications des agrandissements de vessie chez l’enfant. Matériel et méthode : Une recherche systématique a été effectuée dans les bases de données Medline-PUBmed et Sciencedirect en utilisant les mots clés suivants : entérocystoplastie en pédiatrie, cystoplastie d’augmentation, résultats des cystoplasties, complications des cystoplasties, de 2011 jusqu’à Décembre 2021. Les articles sélectionnés portaient sur les agrandissements de vessie chez l’enfant. Résultats : Après sélection, 14 articles ont été inclus dans la synthèse. Le niveau de preuve était généralement faible et les résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence. La durée moyenne de suivi des enfants ayant eu un agrandissement de vessie varie de 6 mois (1) à 24 ans(2). Les pathologies sous-jacentes décrites sont dominées par les affections neurologiques notamment les dysgraphismes spinaux. Les iléocystoplasties sont les plus utilisées dans l’agrandissement vésical. Les résultats post-opératoires obtenus varient selon les études mais convergent vers une stabilisation ou amélioration de la fonction rénale, une augmentation de la capacité vésicale et une meilleure continence. Malgré ces résultats satisfaisants, les complications à court et à long terme sont présentes. Les lithiases vésicales représentent la majorité de celles-ci, suivies par les infections urinaires symptomatiques, les perforations et les occlusions intestinales. Le degré de malignité rapporté est pratiquement nul mais relatif à la durée de suivi qui est jugée insuffisante. Le taux de mortalité reste faible. Conclusion : les études disponibles chez l’enfant sont peu nombreuses, leur caractère rétrospectif leur offre un niveau d’étude de données peu pertinent. Des travaux prospectifs avec une durée de suivi plus longue sont nécessaires pour mieux détecter les causes de récidives et dépister les cas de cancérisation. . Mots clés : cystoplastie, agrandissement de vessie, enfant, entérocystoplastie
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various fields, and medical imaging is no exception. This paper explores the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in medical imaging for diagnosis and personalized treatment. CNNs, a type of deep learning algorithm, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in analyzing complex medical images, leading to improved accuracy and efficiency. We delve into the background and evolution of AI in medical imaging, review relevant literature, and present a case study to illustrate the practical applications of CNNs. Additionally, we discuss future trends and innovations in this field, highlighting the potential for further advancements in healthcare
SUMMARY The World Health Organization illustrates that as an environment conducive to the emergence of life, water is a major element of the biosphere. The first forms of life appeared in expanses of water that covered the primitive earth. nearly four billion years ago. Although it is found everywhere, it can only be used by humans as fresh water. In fact, the water that covers three-quarters of the surface of the planet is essentially sea water (97.3%). The data were collected using a survey questionnaire on a sample of 230 respondents living in the YOLO NORD district in the Kalamu commune in Kinshasa. An interview grid (focus group) was used to supplement the information contained in the questionnaire. The data collected focused on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their opinions on waterborne disease prevention as well as cases of poisoning recorded during the study period. The results showed that the main health problems related to the unsanitary nature of the river cited by the inhabitants of the YOLO NORD district, Kalamu commune in the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo are malaria (39%), headaches (8%), amoebiasis (8%), coughs (7%), colds (6%), vomiting (5%), ascariasis (5%), stomach aches (4%), etc. Regarding waste management, most of the respondents dispose of it by incineration (18%), burial (6%) and 67% of our respondents throw it into the watercourse (river, terraced area, etc.) of the YOLO NORD district. This study is of capital importance as it helps reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality related to waterborne diseases. It contributes to strengthening the knowledge of the populations living in KALAMU on preventive measures for pathologies associated with water pollution. Water is an essential resource for human survival. However, through his activities, humans contribute to its degradation, thus jeopardizing its availability and limiting its use for future generations. It is a working tool in raising awareness among the population and in the fight against these endemic diseases, particularly in the commune of KALAMU in particular and in the city province of Kinshasa in general. It thus constitutes a theoretical framework of reference for future researchers who would like to conduct scientific research in this field. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, waterborne disease, Yolo -Nord, Kalamu, Kinshasa
Freddy Mulamba Kabongo, Fabrice Mbo, Esther Zola , Eric Bombala , Sarah Kinsona, Jean Jacques Amogu, Symphorien Kabasele, Pierre Mbongompasi, Paul Mpong, Fiston Masikini
The impact of noise pollution from nightclubs on the quality of daily life in urban areas and is part of a "transmission-reception" scheme where the sound source is the transmitter and the building unit the receiver. The sound level received by the building unit determines the impact on the quality of life. Thus, the transmission process follows the laws of acoustics and different modeling tools make it possible to evaluate its propagation. The aim of our study is to collect data on the incidence of acoustic noise in urban areas, specifically in SUPER LEMBA in the commune of Lemba in Kinshasa. This study conducted in the capital of the DRC complements those previously conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The clinical picture is classic and does not differ from that described in the literature. After analysis and interpretation of the data, the results obtained are as follows: (i) the extra-auditory effects of noise were known at 51%; (ii) the auditory effects of noise known by our respondents were documented at 49%; (iii) the average overall score is 50%. All these data show that there is a serious problem of noise pollution at the level of the resident population of the SUPER LEMBA district because the Health effects of noise are all the effects that sounds (audible or inaudible) can have (in the short, medium or long term) on health (directly or indirectly). Keywords: Incidences, noise, Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
L’éducation est la pierre angulaire du contrôle des IST. L’implication du grand public est impérative. La connaissance du lien entre le sexe et les IST est particulièrement essentielle. Diverses méthodes de sensibilisation peuvent être utilisées, notamment l’éducation publique, les réunions d’information dans des lieux de culte et les reportages et documentaires à la télévision et à la radio. L’éducation sexuelle doit devenir une discipline majeure dans les programmes scolaires. Le public et les Jeunes adultes du Quartier MOMBELE dans la commune de LIMETE doivent être encouragés à solliciter les services appropriés au sein des structures de santé. Il est également primordial, dans le cadre de la prévention des IST, d’expliquer aux patients le lien entre les deux et de leur faire comprendre que le même comportement à risque peut entraîner la contamination par une IST. Les jeunes adultes de Quartier MOMBELE doivent être informés sur les comportements sexuels sans risque : abstinence, fidélité mutuelle et actes sexuels sans risque tels que le sexe sans pénétration ou avec préservatif. Cette étape de vie est une transition entre le groupe des enfants (moins de 15 ans) et celui des adultes (18 ans et plus). Une adolescence mal encadrée court à la perte de toute une société à court et moyen termes. C’est ainsi qu’il est utile de s’attarder sur ce groupe de population, pour en connaitre les caractéristiques, les comportements et attitudes face aux enjeux de l’heure. Ce qui constituera une contribution aux outils de base que les décideurs pourront utiliser en vue de relever les nombreux défis du nouveau millénaire pour un avenir qui aspire au bienêtre de l’homme, élément moteur du développement. Mots clés : IST, Prévention, MOMBELE, Limete, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
International humanitarian law and human rights law violations are common in many armed conflict situations around the world. These violations have constituted genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity among others. International legal contention that the international human rights laws (IHRL) and the international humanitarian laws (IHL) are twin pillars of international law with distinct perspectives that provide for the protection of civilians during armed conflicts has been challenging. Due to the prevalence of armed conflicts, it becomes necessary to have a functional aim of both legal frameworks for the protection of victims of armed conflicts. The impetus for this research is that both the international conventions relating to IHRL and the IHL which aim to act as a buffer and alleviate the sufferings of victims of armed conflicts during times of war lack the necessary legal force to compel States actors to act and abide by their provisions. In this regard, the paper will examine the legal framework for the protection of the rights of innocent victims during armed conflicts, be it international armed conflict or internal armed conflict, to suggest ways of curtailing armed conflict situations. It will also address the complementary application of the IHRL and IHL. While adopting the doctrinal research method through contextual reviewing of scholarly literature, dealing with the subject under review, it was discovered that there is a gap between IHRL and IHL concerning the protection of victims during armed conflicts. It, therefore, prescribed for the effective protection of the rights of all persons in situations of armed conflicts by concluding that there is an interaction between IHRL and IHL which should be bridged to reduce the incidences of armed conflicts in areas of conflicts around the world.
Maruca vitrata is considered as one of the most important pest of cowpea causing significant loss in yield of the crop. Compounds extracted from plants can be used for its control. The present study aimed to evaluate the repellent potential activities of terpenes extracted from aromatic plants Mint (Mintha piperita), Basil (Ocimun basilicum), Dill (Anethum graveoulens) and Hyptis (Hyptis suoveoulens) against Maruca vitata on cowpea. The terpenes were obtained by solvent extraction, fractionate by column chromatography and analyzed using the GC/MS technique. Major terpenes in Ocimum citriodorum are D-limonene (63.45%) and limonene oxide (12.62%), for Mintha piperita are eucalyptol (31.5%), 1,4-cineol (2.24%), others includes phellendrene,camphene and pinene, that of Hyptis include isolongifolol (28.55%),phyllocladene (13%), and eucalyptol (2.29%), and for Anethum graveolen, α-terpineol (32%), terpenene (10.33%), careen (8.85%) and β-pinene (5.67%). Alhough these terpenes do not recored significant mortality on the pest, however the results of the experiment revealed that all the terpenes at varying concentrations were effective in reducing infestation by M. vitrata and th protecting the crop from damage caused by the pest compared to the untreated control in the two sites under investigation. Protection offered by the terpenes could be as a result of repellent and antifeedent activity against the pest. Thus the use of terpenes could play a key role in the renewed effort to control pests of agricultural crops as biopesticides.
– The pivotal role of organizational culture in shaping workflows, addressing ambiguity and guiding decision making within public capacity building institutions presents an areas of research interests; this study examined how effective communication, resource availability and use of technology as selected parameters of organizational culture influenced employee satisfaction. The main objective of the study was to assess the nexus between organizational culture and employee satisfaction; and to specifically examine how communication, resources and technology influence employee satisfaction. The research questions sought answers empirically within the setting of public capacity building institutions particularly in the Kenyan public service; optimizing Kenya school of Government as a study unit. Employing social exchange theory and the technology acceptance model, the literature review narrowed down to how organizational culture shapes satisfaction through interpersonal exchanges and technological adoption. The study adopted descriptive survey employing the use of quantitative methods (structured questionnaires). A sample size of 27 respondents out of a target population of 138 which included diverse staff roles, ensuring comprehensive insights. Out of the 27 questionnaires distributed to the respondents, 22 were filled giving a questionnaire return rate of 81%. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data with the aid of SPSS too and presented graphically through graphs, pie charts and tables. The study findings established that effective communication, resources availability and use of technology were established as the factors which affected employees’ satisfaction at KSG Baringo at varied degree.
Kimeli M. Chirchir1, Cheruiyot Eddah2, Richard Siree*, Daniel Kimutai*, Lekeesio Samuel*, Everline Makori*, Epuu Joseph Elim*, Napua Shadrack*, Nicholas Chelimo*, Kenneth C. Muskiton* 1Kenya School of Government 2Kenya School of Government *Senior Manag
- The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of digital transformation on learning in public service training institutions taking a case study of Kenya School of Government, Baringo Campus. The Objectives of the study were; to assess the current state of digital transformation; examine the influence of digital transformation on the quality of learning and teaching and identify the challenges faced in implementing digital transformation. The study employed a descriptive research design anchored on Technology Acceptance Model, and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Study’s target sampling frame was KSG Baringo SMC and SLDP students. The study targeted all 53 respondents undertaking their studies during the study. Stratified random sampling method was used. Data was collected using questionnaires. The findings from the study revealed mixed perceptions on digital transformation at the Kenya School of Government (KSG) Baringo Campus, with respondents generally acknowledging progress while also highlighting areas for improvement. Although over half of the respondents viewed the digital infrastructure positively and recognized digital transformation as a strategic priority, a significant minority expressed concerns about the reliability and modernity of the infrastructure. Disparities in access to digital tools and the effectiveness of strategic communication across the institution were also noted. While a majority of respondents believed that staff and students were adequately trained and that the administration was proactive in maintaining digital systems, a notable portion indicated the need for better training programs. On learning and teaching, most respondents agreed digital tools had influenced the quality of teaching, student engagement, and learning outcomes, including improvements in critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration among students. However, there were still concerns regarding the consistent use and effectiveness of these tools, with financial constraints, resistance to change, and inadequate technical support identified as barriers to successful digital transformation. These challenges underscore the need for continued efforts to enhance the digital learning environment and ensure the benefits of digital transformation are fully realized across the campus. The findings provide valuable data that can inform policy and practice in public institutions across Kenya.
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