Vol. 12, Issue 12, December 2024 | Global Scientific Journal (GSJ)

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Enhancing the PCE, Absorbance and Stability of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cell via Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Carbon Dots.

Saad Bandar AlFraidy

Perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as a promising material for low cost and high efficiency solar cells. But the scientists saw that there are some obstacles in manufacturing the perovskite device. One of these issues is the lack of environmental stability, and merging a higher efficiency with a higher stability in one device. it’s an obstacle towards the development of PSC growth. There were some methods applied to enhance the stability and the efficiency such as: Sandwiching some compounds such as Molybdenum between the layers of the device, fabricating a silicon-perovskite tandem cells, substituting some layers of the device with other compounds and adding Carbon Dots made through chemical sources on the perovskite layer. In this study, the Carbon Dots is extracted from orange peels as a natural source via hydrothermal carbonization and applied on the perovskite layer to see its impact on the overall efficiency (Stability and power conversion efficiency). The preparation of the Carbon Dots in this method has the advantage of being cheaper than the usual methods and ‘‘green’’. The effect of the Carbon Dots on the perovskite is studied, as well as the PSK formation, the suppression on the surface of the perovskite crystals, the change in the light harvesting capacity, and the reflection losses in the wavelengths. It is showing an increase the efficiency and improve the stability. This study shows an eco-friendly method of enhancing the stability and efficiency of the perovskite devices. It will expand to a higher number of perovskite solar cells to study the possibilities of having low-cost, efficient and flexible solar devices.

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MATHEMATICAL EXPLORATION OF ‘LUCK’ IN ECONOMIC SUCCESS

Sneha Ghimire

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This research delves into the multifaceted relationship between luck and economic success, examining how perceptions of luck influence financial outcomes among entrepreneurs. By utilizing a qualitative approach that incorporates in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, this study identifies key patterns and themes regarding the role of luck in business trajectories. The findings suggest that while skills, education, and strategic planning are fundamental components of success, the ability to recognize and act upon fortunate circumstances is equally vital. This paper highlights the implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and educational institutions, emphasizing the necessity of integrating luck into the broader discussion of economic success. Additionally, it calls for further exploration into the psychological aspects of luck and their influence on decision-making processes in economic contexts.

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Évaluation anatomopathologique des gastrites chroniques à Helicobacter Pylori basée sur les systèmes de Sydney révisé et les systèmes OLGA et OLGIM : A propos d’une série de cas

BELBACHIR BOUTHEYNA

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Introduction: L’Helicobacter pylori (Hp) est la principale cause de gastrite chronique. Son rôle dans la carcinogenèse gastrique a été affirmé, Plusieurs classifications des gastrites chroniques ont été proposées afin de parvenir à une standardisation de la rédaction des rapports pathologiques des biopsies gastriques, les pathologistes suivent actuellement les recommandations du système du sydney révisé. Les stades OLGA (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment) et OLGIM (Operative Link for Gastritis Intestinal metaplasia Assessment) sont de plus en plus utilisés car ils permettent aux cliniciens de sélectionner les patients présentant une gastrite chronique « à haut risque » L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer la prévalence de l’infection à Hp et de définir les différents aspects histologiques associés à cette infection à l’aide des différentes classifications. Matériels et méthodes: C’est une étude rétrospective portant sur 104 cas de gastrites chroniques colligés sur une période de 3 ans (janvier 2021-décembre 2023). La classification utilisée est celle de Sydney, La réévaluation des paramètres du Sydney System de l'atrophie et de la métaplasie intestinale, de l'antre et du corps gastrique, a permis de définir respectivement les stades OLGA et OLGIM Résultats: Parmi les gastrites chroniques 9 étaient d’intensité sévère, L’Hp était objectivé chez 68% des cas. 32% présentaient une activité neutrophile souvent légère. 33 cas de gastrites chroniques ont montré une atrophie glandulaire dont 21 étaient positifs pour l’Hp. La métaplasie intestinale était retrouvée chez 11 cas de gastrites chroniques dont seulement 5 étaient positifs pour l’Hp, aucun cas n'était dysplasique. Conclusion : La prévalence de l’infection à Hp est élevée. La gastrite chronique à Hp est le plus souvent atrophique, les lésions de dysplasie sont rares et moins fréquentes que les lésions de métaplasie intestinale. Mots clés: hélicobacter pylori, gastrite chronique, système de Sydney révisé

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The Involvement of third parties in the Somali conflict

Abdihakim Mohamed Ahmed

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A significant issue in the Horn of Africa is the involvement of third parties in the Somali conflict and their influence. The civil conflict in Somalia stems from the use of several conflict management strategies, including discussions, mediation, and foreign interference in the nation's internal matters. The Somali population has faced significant historical conflicts as they attempted to rebuild their state, which ultimately collapsed over two centuries ago. The elites' power struggle, sometimes waged in the name of Islam and other times in the name of tribalism, has weakened senses of pride and dignity in the country, prolonged the Somali crisis, and resulted in difficulties such as displacement for many generations. Asylum seekers emigrate, while others have experienced the impacts of state absence and the scarcity of essential services throughout the country. The study investigates the involvement of third parties in the Somali conflict, aims to address the concept of third parties' involvement in the conflict, and highlights the contributions of numerous scientific papers that describe the involvement of neighboring and developed countries.