Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
We will use the notions of real axis and imaginary axis to construct by orthogonal superposition a complex plan with complex base of module that is analogous to the set C of complex numbers. Then we will superimpose the three complex planes to obtain the hyper-space of six (06) dimensions. We will thus arrive at the algebra of six (06) dimension: three (03) real dimensions and three (03) imaginary dimensions. The construction of the algebra requires developing and defining a commutative multiplication table using the exponential notations of Euler's formula. What we will generalize, by defining new multiplication rules, by to the notions of “the real product” and “imaginary product”; which we will call “Euler products”. This superposition reveals two new complex bases with different imaginary modules: ; and in the hyper-space of six dimensions. What is magical about this multiplication, is the impression we have of jumping from one orbital to another.
This study investigates death rituals among marginalized communities in Bangalore, India, focusing on the socio-cultural, economic, and gender dynamics that shape these practices. It explores the intricate connections between these rituals and communal identity, social hierarchy, and tradition through qualitative research methods such as interviews, case studies, and participant observation. The research emphasizes how these rituals function not only as expressions of grief but also as status symbols, reinforcing societal norms and gender roles. The paper also discusses the challenges these communities face in balancing the preservation of traditional customs with adapting to modern influences. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on how death rituals play a crucial role in cultural continuity, identity formation, and social cohesion, particularly within economically disadvantaged groups.
Mild steel is an important engineering material used in major engineering industries like construction, chemical plants, power production, automobile and electrochemical industries due to its remarkable mechanical properties such as good strength, toughness, ductility, formability and weld ability in conjunction with its abundance and relative low production cost but it is also susceptible to ravage and failure depending on the environmental condition causing its surface deterioration, a phenomenon called corrosion. This call for coating of the material surfaces so as to improve its hardness, wear, fatigue and corrosion resistance to suit many applications. Therefore, in this research work, aluminum has been used as a coating material to improve the surface quality of mild steel due to its better wear resistance and fatigue strength and can equally be used at an elevated temperature. The study therefore determines the effect of roughness on the surface of coated mild steel with aluminum. Experimental works were performed at difference temperatures of 650oc,750oc, and 850oc,indentation discovered were 4mm, 3.9mm and3.6mmwith brinell hardness of 763650.091, 80522.206 and 95156.997 kgf, showing a deflection at peak in (mm) to be0.837,1.075and 0.714 respectively for the various temperature values. It was therefore concluded that the lower the temperature of the coating the higher the roughness of the surface of the specimen. Keywords; Mild steel, Aluminum, Coating and corrosion.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the shift to online learning, offering a flexible alternative to traditional education while ensuring safety. However, online learning presents challenges, particularly concerning its effectiveness. The Djadajat Maritime Acad-emy has experienced a notable decline in both learning effectiveness and satisfaction from 2019 to 2022, with effectiveness decreasing from 81.0% to 73.8% and satisfaction dropping from 80.0% to 73.4%. Understanding how motivation influences these aspects of online learning is crucial for addressing the academy’s challenges in adapting to this educational model. This study investigates how motivation affects learning outcomes and satisfaction, with online learning serving as a mediating factor to enhance the academy's adaptation to remote education.
The performance of crew members in offshore support vessels is vital for operational safety and project success. Data shows a de-cline in crew performance at Miclyn Express Offshore from 87.6 in 2021 to 83.2 in 2023, highlighting a potential need for improved operational strategies. Several factors may contribute to this decline, including hygiene behavior, work environment, and occupation-al health. This study will explore how hygiene behavior and work environment impact performance through occupational health mediation, focusing on crew members at Miclyn Express Offshore.
In the Miclyn Express Offshore Group, the number of workplace accidents rose from 2 in 2021 to 5 in 2023, underscoring the need for more effective safety measures. Unsafe actions, such as improper use of personal protective equipment and failure to adhere to safety protocols, significantly contribute to accidents. Research highlights that unsafe actions are major factors in accidents, often exacerbated by insufficient safety knowledge and poor Occupational Health and Safety management. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Occupational Health and Safety supervision and management on workplace safety, considering unsafe actions as a mediating factor among Indonesian workers in the Miclyn Express Offshore Group operating under Saudi Aramco.
The effectiveness of international maritime transport is closely tied to the performance of the ship's crew, who are responsible for operating and maintaining equipment under challenging conditions. However, recent data show a decline in crew performance at Allianz Marine Services, with performance indices dropping from 84.2 in 2021 to 78.2 in 2023, highlighting a concerning trend that needs to be ad-dressed. Company support and the work environment are critical factors influencing employee engagement, which in turn affects performance. This study will explore the influence of company support and work environment on performance, with employee engagement acting as a mediating variable, focusing on the crew of Allianz Marine Services.
The study assessed the need for digital technologies in preventing insecurity risk for agribusiness traders in Borno State. Three research objectives, three research questions and one null hypothesis were formulated and guided the study. The study is a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 2,546 registered agribusiness traders with Borno State Ministry of Trade, investment, and Tourism. Proportional sampling techniques were employed to sample 481 registered agribusiness traders in the study, out of which 385 returned the filled instrument. Digital Technologies Need Assessment Questionnaire (DTNAQ) was adapted in the study, and validated by three experts from the Department of Vocational and Technology Education, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi. The reliability coefficient index of 0.72, 0.80, and 0.79 were found respectively for each construct in the instrument using the Cronbach alpha formula. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test. The findings showed that agribusiness traders had agreed that digital technologies such as drone sensors, blockchain, and smartphones help in preventing insecurity risks facing agribusiness trading in Borno State. No significant difference was found between the mean responses of the agribusiness traders on the need to use blockchain technologies and drone sensor technologies to prevent insecurity risk in Borno State. The study, therefore, concluded that agribusiness traders have recognized the potential of these technologies to enhance security measures, streamline operations, and foster a more resilient trading environment. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended that agribusiness traders in Borno State should be encouraged to adopt and integrate digital technologies such as drone sensor technology, blockchain, and smartphones to enhance the security of their trading. Moreover, the government should develop awareness campaigns and educational programs to familiarize agribusiness traders in Borno State with the benefits of using digital technologies such as drone sensors, blockchain, and smartphones in trading.
Recent data from PT Well Harvest Winning Alumina Refinery (WHW) highlights a decline in employee performance at its specialized terminal, dropping from an index of 89.8 in 2021 to 79.2 in 2023. This decline is likely tied to several key factors, including ineffective OHS implementation, insufficient job security, and decreased job satisfaction. Previous studies demonstrate that effective OHS practices can enhance job satisfaction, which in turn positively affects employee performance. This paper seeks to explore the influence of OHS and job security on employee performance at PT WHW, with job satisfaction acting as a mediating factor.
PT Tanto Intim Line has experienced an alarming increase in ship accidents in the Perawang waters from 2019 to 2021. The number of accidents rose from 3 incidents in 2019 to 6 in 2020 and further escalated to 9 in 2021. This trend underscores the urgent need to address the contributing factors, such as human error and natural conditions, which have been identified as major causes. Safety training and proper ship maintenance management are essential to mitigate these risks. Understanding the impact of human error, natural factors, and safety training on ship accidents, mediated by ship maintenance management, is crucial for improving maritime safety at PT Tanto Intim Line in the challenging waters of Perawang, Riau.
PT Tanto Intim Line, a prominent Indonesian shipping company established in 1971, has experienced a concerning rise in work accidents from 2019 to 2021. The number of accidents increased from three in 2019 to six in 2020, and further to nine in 2021. This upward trend indicates growing risks in maritime operations. Workload, work discipline, and work fatigue are interconnected factors that significantly affect work accidents. Managing these factors effectively is crucial for enhancing safety and reducing accident rates in maritime operations. This paper examines the influence of work discipline and workload on work accidents, with work fatigue as a mediating variable, within the fleet of PT Tanto Intim Line Jakarta.
Miclyn Express Offshore Group experienced a decline in crew performance from 2021 to 2023, with performance index values of 4.50, 4.34, and 4.24, respectively. This decline highlights the need to address factors such as workload, stress, and motivation to improve performance. Research indicates that an increased workload negatively affects motivation, leading to decreased performance. Additionally, studies show that high stress reduces both motivation and performance. This paper aims to explore how workload and work stress im-pact performance, with work motivation serving as a mediating factor, specifically for Indonesian workers in Crewboat Miclyn Express Offshore Group’s Saudi Aramco operations.
The declining performance of crew members can significantly impact operational efficiency and safety, as evidenced by the performance index of the Rawasi tugboat, which showed a decrease from 94.60 in 2021 to 90.20 in 2023. Effective leadership and strong discipline can enhance work motivation, which in turn improves performance. Motivated employees are more likely to demonstrate high performance and commitment, thus reinforcing the need for strategic management of leadership, work discipline, and motivation to achieve optimal organizational performance. This research aims to explore the impact of leadership and work discipline on performance, with work motivation as a mediating factor.
Despite its commitment to effective and safe ship management, OHC Shipmanagement has observed a decline in crew performance over the past three years, as indicated by their performance index: 83.6 in 2021, 80.4 in 2022, and 77.8 in 2023. This decline may be attribut-ed to the challenges of implementing the Maritime Labour Convention, particularly regarding rest hours and crew rotation. While the Maritime Labour Convention aims to protect crew rights, its implementation has introduced complexities that impact operational flexibil-ity and increase administrative burdens. This research explores these dynamics and seeks to understand how the implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention affects crew performance through its mediation by rest hours and crew rotation.
There has been a noticeable decline in PT Pancaran Samudera Transport’s crew performance from 2020 to 2023. The mean performance scores for these years were 88.20 in 2020, 87.60 in 2021, 86.80 in 2022, and 86.00 in 2023. This downward trend suggests that factors such as suboptimal work environments, inadequate human resource quality, and insufficient work discipline may be contributing to the decline. This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of work environment and human resource quality on performance, mediat-ed by work discipline and work motivation, at PT Pancaran Samudera Transport.
The safety of offshore drilling and production operations is critical, with stringent regulations governing safety equipment and management practices. However, recent data indicates a decline in safety performance: the safety index for cargo transfers between ships and offshore platforms at Miclyn Express Offshore Pte Ltd fell from 91.0 in 2021 to 84.0 in 2023. To enhance occupational safety, crew competence, safety management, and safety equipment are crucial. This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of safety manage-ment and safety equipment on occupational safety, mediated by crew competence at Miclyn Express Offshore Pte Ltd.
P&O Repasa operates across six LNG terminals worldwide and provides specialized offshore support services. The company’s performance data from 2020 to 2023 show a decline in crew performance, emphasizing the importance of factors such as the work environment, edu-cation and training, and compensation. This study aims to investigate how these factors influence crew performance, with work motivation acting as a mediator, to understand their impact on enhancing crew effectiveness at P&O Repasa.
Stock prices of oil and gas companies are influenced by factors like crude oil price fluctuations, production forecasts, reserves, and political and regulatory policies affecting the energy industry. Investors also monitor financial performance through metrics such as Earning Per Share (EPS), Price to Earning Ratio (PER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Price to Book Value (PBV). These indicators provide insights into a company's profitability, valuation, and efficiency, impacting investor decisions and stock prices. This quantitative study investigates how EPS, PER, and ROA, mediated by PBV, affect stock prices in the oil and gas mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023
Advanced technology and well-organized logistics are key to optimizing shipping operations, which significantly impact vessel seaworthiness and crew performance. Improving ship engine maintenance management and crew competence is crucial for enhancing operational efficiency and ensuring reliable and safe vessel operations. A decline in crew performance at Vbunker Tankers is evident from recent data, which shows a decrease in the performance index from 89.6 in 2020 to 81.8 in 2023. This trend indicates the need for improved maintenance strategies and enhanced crew training. This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of ship engine maintenance management, work competence, and ship seaworthiness on ship operations and crew performance at Vbunker Tankers.
PT Lumoso Pratama Line, a prominent player in dry bulk maritime transportation industry, has witnessed an alarming rise in workplace accidents from 2020 to 2023, with reported cases increasing from 18 to 25. This upward trend suggests that critical factors such as leader-ship, work environment, and employee safety behavior may be contributing to the heightened risk of accidents within the company. Ef-fective leadership and a supportive work environment are essential in cultivating positive safety behaviors among employees, which in turn can significantly mitigate the occurrence of accidents. This study aims to develop a conceptual model to better understand the rela-tionships between leadership, work environment, safety behavior, and workplace accidents within PT Lumoso Pratama Line.
The performance of tanker ships is intricately linked to several key factors, including regulatory compliance, planned maintenance, and fuel quality, which collectively impact the overall engine performance of the vessels. In recent years, a notable decline in engine perfor-mance has been observed across several tanker ships operated by Ocean Tanker Pte Ltd, Singapore. The MT Sunrise, MT Rejoice, and MT Hida Maru have all experienced significant performance issues, with their engine performance indices dropping consistently from 2021 to 2023. For instance, the MT Sunrise’s engine performance index fell from 84.2 in 2021 to 77.8 in 2023, the MT Rejoice’s index de-creased from 84.8 to 78.6, and the MT Hida Maru’s index dropped from 85.2 to 79.4 over the same period. These issues are primarily attributed to inadequate maintenance of critical components and poor fuel quality, which have collectively reduced overall performance. This study aims to develop a conceptual model to explore the influence of regulatory compliance on engine performance, with planned maintenance and fuel quality serving as mediating factors.
In the maritime industry, customer loyalty is crucial as it directly impacts customer satisfaction and business sustainability. High-quality ship operational service can enhance customer loyalty. Nautical expertise, a critical element in maritime operations, influences ship operational service quality and customer loyalty. However, there has been a noticeable decline in customer loyalty at PT. Logindo Samudra makmur Tbk. Their annual reports show a reduction in operating days from 12,030 in 2021 to 10,785 in 2023. Specifically, the number of operating days for various vessel types decreased, such as Anchor Handling Tug (AHT) from 892 in 2021 to 634 in 2023 and Crew Boat from 792 in 2021 to 485 in 2023. This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of nautical expertise and ship operational service quality on customer loyalty, mediated by customer satisfaction at PT. Logindo Samudra Makmur Tbk.
Recent data from PT. X reveals a concerning decline in crew performance from 2021 to 2023, with average performance scores dropping from 77.2 to 52.2. This decline underscores the need to address the underlying issues affecting crew performance. Key factors contributing to this decline include excessive workload, irregular shift rotation systems, and work fatigue. This study explores the influence of workload and shift rotation systems on crew performance, with work fatigue serving as a mediating factor at PT. X.
Leadership style and work environment are key factors influencing crew performance. Effective conflict management is also essential for maintaining high crew performance. Data indicate a significant decline in crew performance at PT. Usaha Gas Elpindo from 2021 to 2023. Specifically, the performance index for the company’s fleet decreased from 85 in 2021 to 75 in 2023, indicating a drop from "Sufficient" to "Moderate" performance levels. This quantitative study aims to investigate how leadership style, work environment, and mediation by conflict management impact crew performance at PT. Usaha Gas Elpindo.
BP Indonesia, a significant player in Indonesia’s oil and gas sector, has recently experienced a decline in crew performance at its Project Train 3, despite its long-standing commitment to safety. Data reveals a decrease in the crew performance index from 88.8 in 2021 to 80.0 in 2023. This decline may be attributed to inadequate Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training, a weak safety culture, and low compliance with OHS practices. This paper explores the impact of OHS training and safety culture on performance, mediated by OHS compliance, within BP Indonesia’s Project Train 3.
Recent data from the State Gas Company, or PGN (2022), indicates a 15% decline in Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) sales over the past three years. This decline is attributed to rising infrastructure costs, non-competitive pricing, and limited accessibility to CNG stations. The situation is further compounded by uncertainties in supply, negative perceptions of CNG safety, and ineffective promotions. Addressing these issues by understanding the factors affecting purchase intent can help companies devise strategies to boost CNG adoption. Factors influencing purchase decisions include ease of use, environmental friendliness, and price. This research aims to explore these factors and their influence on purchase decisions, mediated by purchase intent.
The performance of workers on Floating Production Units is critical for maintaining safe and efficient operations. Recent data from PT X’s FPU operations indicate a significant decline in employee performance, with the performance index dropping from 85.0 in 2021 to 80.4 in 2023. This decline is accompanied by an increase in work fatigue and clinic visits, suggesting that factors such as workload and work stress are contributing to decreased employee performance. This study aims to explore the influence of workload and work stress on performance, mediated by work fatigue, among oil and gas employees at the Floating Production Unit.
Leadership style and work environment are critical factors influencing crew performance. A supportive work environment boosts crew motivation and satisfaction. Adaptive leadership styles, such as transformational leadership, can enhance crew motivation and performance by inspiring and empowering them. Recent data show a decline in crew performance on the LNG ship EKAPUTRA 1, from 83 in 2021 to 77 in 2023, highlighting the need for a thorough evaluation of these factors and the development of more effective strategies to improve crew performance and address issues related to work motivation and leadership style. This study aims to explore these factors and propose strategies for enhancing crew performance, with a focus on work motivation as a mediator.
PT. Makara Jaya Marine has experienced a noticeable decline in orders and surveys, with numbers dropping from 100 in 2021 to 80 in 2022, and further down to 50 in 2023, reflecting potential issues in retaining customer loyalty. Studies have found that customer trust, strengthened by the use of artificial intelligence for personalization, significantly impacts customer engagement and loyalty. Personalization plays a crucial role in improving customer satisfaction, which directly correlates with increased loyalty. This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of personalization and trust on customer loyalty, mediated by customer satisfaction, at PT. Makara Jaya Marine.
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