Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Saving is an economic term used to a proper utilization of resources that represents one of the most predictable determinants of successful personal and economic development. The purpose of this study is to identify employees’ awareness about saving and the major problems of employees’ practices of saving on the FIs in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. This study use quantitative research approach, particularly survey design. The result indicates that (107)47.80% employees had no saving experience and (118)52.20% of the respondents have been involved in saving part of their income. The most important covariates identified in the descriptive statistical analysis indicated that employer job position, gender, age, marital status, level of education, religion, ethnicity, monthly income, housing condition and family size were associated with saving practice in the study area. The effect of SA (Saving awareness) which is (Beta =.-0.594076) significant (P, 0.05) is and its coefficient is negative indicating that the greater the saving awareness the lower the value of financial institutions in Ethiopia. The SA is highly lower the value of financial institutions. This result also makes sense, because both the theoretical and empirical evidences support that too. The effect of saving practice value is also (SP, Beta = - 0.836180) significant (p, 0.05) and as watched it is negative which indicates that the one unit increase in saving practice leads in- 0.836180 decrease in saving practice value on FIs. Finally, the variables like house hold composition, family health condition, impact of the financial crisis, personal poor money management skills, low incomes in the job, absence of financial education to create saving awareness, low interest rate provided by financial institutions, lack of trust of employees in the FIs due to financial crisis, low interest rate earned by FIs, high bureaucracy and complex nature of services provided by FIs highly affected employees saving practice in FIs.
This study examined Nigerias trade relationships within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sub region, focusing on animal and vegetable oils, fats, and waxes. It identified sub-regional trading partners exports and imports, evaluated intra-regional trade shares and assessed trade competitiveness between Nigeria and Partner ECOWAS States.Findings reveal that Ghana and Côte dIvoire are Nigerias dominant trading partners, having significant export flows driven by demand and trade agreements. However, trade imbalances persist, with Nigeria importing ($427,870,000.69) more than it exported ($1,300,000.63), indicating structural weaknesses in its agricultural processing and export capacities. Trade share results showed Cote dIvoire (11.46%) had the highest average figure within the subregion. Côte dIvoire (0.37) also lead ECOWAS in trade competitiveness, while Nigerias (0.00) Competitive trade potential remains underutilized due to infrastructural and regulatory challenges.The study recommends establishing policies to enhance production capacity, export diversification, and trade facilitating infrastructure for Nigeria. This will address trade imbalances thereby fostering regional economic integration for sustainable growth within the sub-region.
This Paper synthesizes key insights from a selection of global articles concerning standards and policies in educational policy on health and nutrition, with a particular focus on their implications for educational for learner between 3-6 years, especially in the contexts of Uganda. Drawing upon foundational works by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the study highlights the interconnectedness of health and education as pillars of human development. Poor health and malnutrition are recognized as significant contributors to low school enrolment, absenteeism, poor classroom performance, and early school drop-outs. Conversely, school-based health promotion, particularly through well-designed health and nutrition education and school meal programs, has demonstrated the potential for substantial returns on investment across multiple sectors including agriculture, education, health and nutrition, and social protection. The Global Standards for Health Promoting Schools (HPS), a joint WHO/UNESCO initiative, offer a comprehensive framework built upon six key features: healthy school policies, physical and social school environments, health skills and education, links with parents and community, and access to school health services. These standards aim to create a common understanding and shared tools for integrating health promotion into school policies and practices, adaptable across diverse national income levels and crisis settings. Parallel efforts by FAO emphasize the critical role of School-Based Food and Nutrition Education (SFNE), advocating for a transformation in its vision and learning model in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to address widespread issues like stunting, wasting, overweight, and micronutrient deficiencies. SFNE frameworks promote a shift towards competence-based, action-oriented learning, stressing the need for systemic capacity development, interpectoral collaboration, and robust monitoring and evaluation practices. Challenges to effective implementation include inadequate budgetary allocation, the need for more systematic and evidence-led approaches, and ensuring policy alignment and sustained institutionalization. However, successes highlight the importance of government ownership, inter-ministerial programming, local government support, and community participation. The evolving understanding of the right to education now encompasses elements like digital literacy and connectivity, emphasizing an inter-sectoral approach that supports and is supported by a wide range of other human rights. This study underscores the imperative for holistic, integrated strategies that leverage global standards and evidence-based practices to foster healthier school environments, enhance educational outcomes, and contribute to the broader Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
This study evaluates amine gas treatment processes at A Plant and B Plant, identifying bottlenecks and proposing optimizations. The single-loop system at A Plant enables efficient gas processing and additional oil production, while the two-loop system at B Plant limits production. Transitioning to a single-loop system at B Plant could increase oil output by 25 kbopd. Economic analysis confirms a payback period within one year, highlighting operational and financial viability. This report provides a framework for optimizing oil and gas processing facilities sustainably and efficiently.
Background: Emotional maturity is critical for young adults' psychological resilience, decision-making, and interpersonal functioning. However, research indicates a high prevalence of emotional immaturity among this population, which affects mental health and social development. Mindfulness techniques, including breathing and meditation, have shown promise in fostering emotional regulation. Aim: To assess baseline emotional maturity levels among young adults in Bangalore prior to implementing a structured mindfulness-based intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was employed. Sixty undergraduate students aged 18-20 from degree colleges in Bangalore, India, were selected using cluster sampling. Emotional maturity was assessed using the Modified Emotional Maturity Scale (MEMS) by Singh & Bhargava (1990) before the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26 with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Results: Over 50% of participants in both experimental and control groups exhibited emotional immaturity. The experimental group had a mean score of 112.36 (SD = 42.79), and the control group had a mean score of 112.44 (SD = 43.25). Independent t-test results showed no statistically significant difference (t(58) = 0.006, p > 0.05), confirming group equivalence. Conclusion: A high prevalence of emotional immaturity among young adults underscores the need for structured mindfulness interventions to enhance emotional development. Keywords: Emotional maturity, mindfulness, breathing, meditation, baseline assessment, young adults.
The issue of squatter settlement in Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers State, in the deltaic region of Nigeria is almost as old as the history of the city. Attempt to control their spread by successive government in the state had not yielded much result. These settlements had recorded an astronomical expansion over time with several socio-economic problems confronting the government. Earlier problems associated with these settlements are criminality, cultism, drugs, insanitary environmental conditions and prostitution. Today another horrifying problem has emerged; teenage pregnancy. The degree at which the issue of teenage pregnancy is breeding in this settlement has attracted the attention of this research. The study had discovered several factors responsible for the astronomical rise in teenage pregnancy in squatter settlements in the city. The study had also discovered that most of these pregnant teenage girls could not continue with their education after child birth. In the face of the problem, this paper suggests among others the enactment of laws by the government to protect the girl-child from sexual predators. This research work is a product of an intensive field work that covered several months. Both primary and secondary information were accessed and used to add quality to this research work
In recent years, the development of nanomaterials has ushered transformative shifts in solar cell technology, address-ing critical issues of efficiency, stability, and scalability. this review synthesizes advancements in nano materials—specifically quantum dots, metal oxides, and perovskite-based nanostructures—highlighting break throughs achieved over the past five years. innovations in quantum dot synthesis have notably improved pow er conversion efficiencies and device lifetimes by employing protective coatings and encapsulation methods (ali et al., 2023; zhao et al., 2022). in parallel, research on metal oxides has enhanced charge transport and op tical absorption through the integration of resonant silicon nanoparticles, thereby advancing the light harvesting performance of hybrid structures (furasova et al., 2018). further, the strategic incorporation of quantum dots into perovskite frameworks has resulted in superior charge carrier dynamics and elevated pho tovoltaic performance (you et al., 2024; zhou et al., 2023). despite these advances, persistent challenges relat ed to environmental stability, scalability of synthesis techniques, and potential tox-icity remain at the forefront of current research priorities. in addressing these challenges, this review not only docu-ments state-of-the-art fabrication methodologies and device architectures but also outlines future research directions aiming for sus tainable, cost-effective, and high-performance solar energy solutions. by providing a comprehensive analysis of the literature and delineating prospects for research, this review targets academic researchers and graduate students with a focus on nanotechnology and photovoltaic materials, fostering further innovations in solar cell technologies. k
Les Directeurs, Enseignants et Parents délèves sont des partenaires directs qui ont unregard sur le système mis en place, celui de la gratuité de lenseignement en RépubliqueDémocratique du Congo, et pour ces partenaires leur regard est mitigé et demande aux dirigeantsà tous les niveaux de s y impliquer dans le travail, d augmenter les ressources en faveur de lagratuité de l enseignement et de sa bonne gestion. S agissant des ressources humaines, salairesdes enseignants sont insuffisants, manque de la formation continue ; les infrastructures scolairesrestent dans la vétusté, absence quasi-totalité d entretien des établissements, la rénovation desinfrastructures scolaires et des fournitures et matériels scolaires ne sont pas pris en comptecausant un disfonctionnement des établissements scolaires. Or, en mettant en place ce système,c est sensé avoir résoudre le problème de la prise en charge des parents d élèves, déchargercomplétement les charges aux parents et l Etat supporte totalement ses charges et élevé le niveaude l enseignement et la qualité des apprenants. Mais, avons remarqué qu on n a pas tenu comptedes effets qui impactent à la qualité de l enseignement. Par nos résultats de cette enquête 93%affirment que la gratuité est partielle en République Démocratique du Congo et soit 86 % disentque la somme reçue ne permet pas un fonctionnement efficace de leurs écoles respectives.
Des études récentes du PNUD et de la Banque Mondiale indiquent quelques privatisations qui ont vujour vers la décennie 90 ne cessent de se développer. Et bien que le bilan de ces privatisations soit à cejour mitigé, des études montrent que là où l Etat a conduit ce processus avec maîtrise, les résultats ontété globalement bons ; mais il est donc interdit toute improvisation.En tant qu analyste de la politique économique congolaise, nous avons remarqué que lEtat congolaisest un entrepreneur ambitieux, mais abstrait et n ayant pas la culture de la gestion dans ce secteur. Pardes décisions politiques prises de manière improvisée, sans identification, sans préparation et sansévaluation objective, les entreprises publiques congolaises ne sont devenues que des vaches à lait auservice d intérêts des individus, des groupes nationaux et internationaux 3 .Autant de faits font suffisamment preuve de cette situation : la destruction du capital des entreprisespubliques, la gestion calamiteuse des entreprises publiques et mixtes par des mandataires nommés surbase du clientélisme, le non-paiement par l Etat de ses factures de consommations aggravant ainsi lacrise des entreprises publiques, les engagements financiers extérieurs non justifiés, des ponctionsfinancières multiples opérées par ceux-là même qui sont chargés de surveiller la bonne gestiondesdites entreprises, soit directement, soit par des contrats léonins et abusifs. A travers ces agrégats,non exhaustifs, notre constat est que l Etat R.D Congolais a par ders soi guidé ses entreprisespubliques et mixtes à la contre-performance.
La Déviation du personnel reste un état d esprit qui peut avoir des effets désastreux sur les milieuxprofessionnels. Ces conséquences affectent le travail en équipe, les morales du groupe, voirel ensemble du fonctionnement d une organisation jusqu au rendement de l entreprise.Etant donné que plusieurs pratiques courantes perdurent dans la gestion des entreprises publiques, etcontribuent à la stagnation du développent économique de la RDC et voire même aux faillites desplusieurs entreprises du portefeuille de l Etat, la Déviation des RH est actuellement considérée commeune arme à destruction massive du développement économique de la RDC au même titre que labombe.Par ailleurs, si les gestionnaires des entreprises de la RDC n agissent pas pour éradiquer ce phénomènedans les milieux de travail, la déviation du personnel pourrait poursuivre sa progression jusqu auxfaillites de l ensemble des entreprises nationales ; car les fonctionnaires mal habitués continueraient àdévier et les bons parmi eux auront tendance à suivre leurs collègues.
After making the number of sufficient and successful experiments on account of “P versus NP” theorem, specifically according to the equivalence of complexity classes, we are giving the final and formal theoretical proof by contradiction in this paper summarizing all the results before and giving the definition of our functional hypothesis or conjecture.
Since 2003, Eastern Chad has hosted a large number of Sudanese refugees, intensifying challenges related to access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). A KAP survey conducted in 2024 across camps in the provinces of Ouaddaï, Wadi-Fira, and Sila reveals that 83.7% of households have access to a protected water source, but with significant disparities. Some households travel more than 3,400 meters to reach a water point. Less than half of the households have adequate water storage capacity. In terms of sanitation, 17.3% of residents still practice open defecation. Waste management remains poorly structured, with wide-spread open dumping and burning. The lack of participatory governance and the vulnerability to climate change further worsen the situation. The study recommends an integrated improvement of infrastructure and the strengthening of local capac-ities to enhance the resilience of displaced populations.
The general objective of this study was to assess the effect of financial services on poverty reduction among low-income households. Specifically, to evaluate the effect of financial loans provided by VUP on poverty reduction among low-income households; to find out the effect of financial literacy proved by VUP on poverty reduction among low-income households; to assess the effect of financial inclusion provided by VUP on poverty reduction among low-income households’ beneficiaries of VUP in Rukumberi sector. The theories that guided this study were the free cash flow theory, literacy theory, and public good theory. The target population was 912 population. A sample size of 278 respondents was drawn from 912 target populations using the Taro Yamane formula. The questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that there is effect of (M=3.61, SD=1.191) financial loans on poverty reduction, there is effect of (M=3.69, SD=1.302) financial literacy on poverty reduction, there is effect of (M=3.53, SD=1.330) financial inclusion on poverty reduction among low-income households’ beneficiaries in Rukumberi sector. The study recommends lenders assess a borrower's financial stability, including income, credit score, and debt levels, before offering a loan. This allows users to access a fixed amount of money, plus agreed interest, with repayment in regular installments. Managers should track borrowers' knowledge and skills regarding income and expenses, saving for future needs, making wise investment decisions, managing debt, and planning for retirement. Additionally, managers should provide affordable financial services to enable individuals to save, support their families, and protect themselves from financial risk. Key words: Financial Services, Vision Umurenge Program, Poverty Reduction and Low-Income Households
Available literature on Twitter clearly suggests that it plays a very crucial role in youths’ mobilization and sensitization across the globe. The 2023 general elections in Nigeria provided an opportunity to test the efficacy of that communication platform in mobilizing and sensitizing Nigerian youths for political participation. In a country where there appears to be political apathy among its youths, the need arises to investigate how that platform (Twitter) was used to mobilize/sensitize Nigerian youths for the 2023 general elections. Thus, this study adopted the survey research design to approach the question of: to what extent did Southeast youths seek and obtain information about the Obidient Movement from Twitter? Did the political tweets persuade Southeast youths to support the Obidient Movement? And what relationship exists between the political tweets and youths’ political support for the Obidient Movement? The study found among other things that a reasonable percentage of youths at 66% accessed the tweets of members of the Obidient Movement, and that there is a significant relationship between the tweets and political support to the Obidient Movement. The study concluded that for the youths to be politically motivated to support the Movement, the raised issues in the tweets must be relevant to the needs of the youths. It was then recommended that messages should reflect audience expectations in order to be effective in political mobilisation of youths in Southeast Nigeria. Keywords: Obidient Movement, Political Mobilization, Southeast Nigeria, Tweets, Youths
This paper explores a speculative celestial mechanics model—termed the Earth Swing-Orbit Hypothesis—in which Earth temporarily deviates from its heliocentric orbit multiple times before returning to its original path. The model assumes minor-to-moderate gravitational perturbations that displace the planet's orbital parameters without causing ejection or solar collision. We analyze the climatological, geological, biological, and temporal consequences of such orbital instability, including sea level rise, seismic disturbances, and atmospheric mega-storms. This study proposes that such oscillations, though hypothetical, would induce planetary-scale disruptions and offers insight into resilience thresholds in Earth's climate and biosphere.
In today's digital age, sensitive data security and privacy-preserving systems are crucial for protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access. This article presents a comprehensive approach to handling threat detection and prevention using Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms. Our proposed system leverages the strengths of both algorithms to identify and prevent potential threats, ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving: accuracy: 95.2%, Precision: 93.5%, Recall: 96.1%, F1-score: 94.8%, ROC-AUC: 0.982, False Positive Rate: 2.5%. Our system provides a robust solution for organizations seeking to protect sensitive data from increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. By utilizing the combined strengths of Random Forest and XGBoost, our approach offers a high level of threat detection and prevention, ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive information.
Process modelling and optimization are vital in improving the chemical industry's efficiency, safety, and sustainability. gPROMS (general PROcess Modelling System) is an advanced process modelling environment widely employed for modelling, steady state and dynamic simulation, optimization, and control of complex chemical processes. This review presents an overall assessment of gPROMS’ significance in the chemical industry, exploring its applications, use cases, inherent limitations, and the state-of-the-art research and industrial work carried out so far.
Background: Hypertension is a growing public health concern in rural Nepal, particularly in geographically remote regions such as Karnali. Despite its high morbidity and mortality, hypertension remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension in rural Karnali over one year (2023–2024) and evaluate the impact of targeted educational interventions on awareness and mortality reduction. Methods: This retrospective, community-based study analyzed medical records, household surveys, and screening camp data from January 2023 to December 2024. Educational interventions included community health education, radio programs, and school-based modules. Results: Among 5,000 screened individuals aged ≥18 years, the overall prevalence of hypertension was 28.4%. Awareness levels were low (only 31.6% of hypertensive patients knew their condition). After intervention, follow-up surveys showed a 17.8% increase in awareness and a 23% increase in treatment adherence. Conclusion: Hypertension is prevalent and largely undiagnosed in rural Karnali. Educational strategies significantly improved awareness and adherence, indicating the need for scalable public health initiatives
L’objectif de notre recherche est d’analyser les besoins de financement des PME de la ville de Bandundu/RDC, en identifiant leurs déterminants et les obstacles structurels rencontrés par les PME à Bandundu, ainsi promouvoir leur accompagnement Technique. À partir d’une enquête auprès de 206 PME et d’un modèle logit, les résultats révèlent un accès limité au crédit dû à l’asymétrie d’information, au manque de garanties et à la faible formalisation. La majorité des PME recourent à des financements informels. Des pistes d’amélioration y sont proposées.
Using non-toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus to control aflatoxin contamination in crops like peanuts and corn is emerging as a reliable, environmentally friendly solution. These atoxigenic strains work by outcompeting their toxin-producing counterparts in the field, reducing both fungal growth and aflatoxin production. Well-studied strains such as AF36 and Afla-Guard® have shown that when applied before harvest, they can colonize crops effectively, displace toxigenic fungi, and cut aflatoxin levels by more than 70%. The success of this method lies in the principle of competitive exclusion: the non-toxic strains grow faster, take over key ecological niches, and deprive harmful fungi of the space and nutrients they need. Region-specific strains tailored to local climates have further improved results. As a sustainable alternative to chemical control, this approach aligns with global efforts to produce safer food and feed while meeting strict regulatory standards.
The need to protect the environment has driven the development of ester-based drilling muds, which are dispersible, less toxic and biodegradable compared to conventional oil-based or water-based muds. In this study, edible oils were extracted from palm kernel and Treculia africana seeds, then characterised for their physicochemical properties and fatty acid content using GC-FID. Esters were synthesised and analysed by GC-MS and FTIR. Laboratory-scale muds were formulated with an 80:20 ester-to-water ratio and tested for rheological properties, electrical stability and retort analysis. A conventional diesel-based mud was used as control. Oil yields were 38% (palm kernel) and 22% (Treculia africana); ester yields were 86% and 96% respectively. The pH values (>8) indicate minimal risk of corrosion. Gel strength, oil/water/solid content and rheological properties were acceptable. Electrical stability was 468 V (OBM), 392 V (SBM-PK) and 389 V (SBM-TA). The formulated muds exhibited non-Newtonian behaviour consistent with the Bingham Plastic and Power Law models. The results indicate that esters from local edible oils are viable, environmentally friendly alternatives for drilling mud formulation.
This paper discusses the ways in which powerful solar flares can interfere with Earth’s communication networks and power grids. Solar flares release bursts of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and typically expel billions of tons of plasma (CMEs) into space. These emissions, when they are directed at the Earth, can disrupt the interaction between them and the magnetosphere and ionosphere, resulting in ionospheric HF radio blackouts and geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) through power lines. We discuss the physical mechanisms of flare–magnetosphere interaction and recall great historical events, namely the Carrington Event (1859), the 1989 Quebec blackout and 2003 Halloween storms . Based on available data for sunspot and flare occurrence, we set up a simple statistical model describing flare occurrence (e.g., a cycle-modulated Poisson process) to extrapolate rates of future flares. Original visualizations show how the sunspot counts and flare occurrences are different during the various cycles of the sun. The final part covers mitigation strategies – such as grid hardening and satellite protection – as well as the part that early-warning systems (e.g. NOAA’s GOES/DSCOVR satellites) play in ensuring infrastructure safety.
This study demonstrates the impacts of invasive and non-invasive mynas on the ecosystem, food web and human settlements. The research aims to find the traits that differ between invasive and non-invasive species. It highlights the differences between the two types of mynas on the basis of ecology, morphology, range traits and habitat type. This enables the establishment of the success of invasive species in habitats where they are introduced. The study evaluates their invasive potential. Understanding the traits that allow for maximising success in introduced mynas could help identify the chances of invasion (Strubbe, 2023; Blackburn et al., 2009). This may allow prediction of future invaders and understanding the relationship between morphology, ecology, range and invasive potential. Hence, a comparison between traits and invasive status is essential to identify patterns relating to invasion success.
The study examines the correlation between the mass flow rate of condensate and independent variables. This includes the initial dry bulb temperature of the room that is being cooled, the relative humidity of the space, the tonnes per hour of the MAH120R0 HVAC unit and the speed of the fan. This paper develops a regression model, and creates an equation to link these independent variables to predict the mass flow rate of condensate. Through this, the research examines potential uses for this condensate through policies. By using figures, it emphasises the urgency of water conservation policies to be implemented. Through highlighting the research on the extraction of condensate and the recycling of it, the paper pinpoints the volume of potential condensate that is being discarded and advises policies on how to save the water. By recognising the bigger picture, this study is successfully able to show how, through the experimental results, the average condensate generated by a MAH120R0 unit is enough to supply the water needs of a human being for more than 4 years. Thus, the positive potential for condensate extraction is viewed, and this study aims to portray this in a manner to encourage change in terms of reusing water.
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