Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Police officers play a critical role in maintaining public safety, yet they often face significant internal challenges when subjected to administrative investigations. This study explored the lived experiences of personnel of the Philippine National Police (PNP) regarding the adversities they encountered during administrative investigations at the Regional Headquarters of Region 10. The study employed a qualitative research approach using a transcendental phenomenological design. Ten police personnel and ten immediate family members who had experienced administrative cases were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through in-depth, face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed using Moustakas’ transcendental phenomenological method. The findings revealed six major themes that characterized the participants’ experiences: (1) Emotional and Psychological Strain During Administrative Investigation, (2) Workplace Relationship and Professional Role Challenges, (3) Family and Financial Spillover Effects, (4) Procedural Complexity and Uncertainty in Administrative Investigations, (5) Emotional and Social Support Systems, and (6) Organizational Transparency and Institutional Support Mechanisms. These themes highlight that administrative investigations create prolonged uncertainty and emotional pressure not only for the officers but also for their families. Despite these challenges, many participants demonstrated resilience by relying on family support, personal coping strategies, and a sense of professional responsibility. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening communication and transparency in administrative procedures, enhancing psychosocial and organizational support for personnel undergoing investigations, and implementing programs that assist officers and their families in managing the emotional and social impacts of administrative cases.
Keywords: administrative investigation, emotional strain, family support, organizational transparency, workplace challenges
This study explores the use of gamification in improving the listening skills of Grade 4 pupils, focusing on learners obtaining information, learning vocabulary, and identifying central ideas of spoken texts or passages. Further, this study investigates the effectiveness of integrating gamified tasks and activities in the teaching and learning process in English to Grade 4 learners in Dapa Central Elementary School. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, comparing pre and post-tests results of a single group of thirty learners exposed to various gamification-based activities. Data was collected through pretests and post-tests of listening skills that include listening for gist, specific information, detailed information, and specific vocabulary. The findings indicate that employing gamification in teaching listening significantly enhances students' listening skills, specifically in listening for gist and listening for specific vocabulary.
Keywords: gamification, listening skills, gamified activities
This study explored how integrating language games can improve the literary competence of Grade 5 learners, particularly in sequencing events, analyzing figures of speech, making predictions, and inferring characters’ feelings and traits. Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design, the study involved 30 learners from two elementary schools in the Burgos-San Benito District, Division of Siargao. The experimental group engaged in contextualized language games, while the control group received conventional instruction. Researcher’s analyzed data collected through a researcher-made test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance. The results showed that learners who played language games performed better in the posttest, with significant gains in analyzing figures of speech and making predictions. Other competencies also improved, though at varying levels. Overall, the findings suggest that language games are an effective and engaging strategy for enhancing literary competence. Based on these results, a set of contextualized language games was developed to support literature instruction.
Keywords: analyzing figures of speech, language games, literary competence, making predictions, sequencing of events
This study explored how video-based letter-sound recognition strategies can support kindergarten learners in developing early literacy skills during home reading sessions in San Benito District, Siargao Division. Twelve learners from San Juan Elementary School participated in a one-group pretest–posttest design, using researcher-developed video lessons aligned with the MATATAG Curriculum and guided by parental support. Data were collected through the BMPT Tool/Tracker and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test. Findings revealed marked improvement in learners’ ability to identify letters and produce sounds, with scores rising from beginning to highly proficient levels. The video-based lessons were also rated highly acceptable by evaluators. Overall, the results affirm that video-based strategies are an effective and engaging way to strengthen early literacy among young learners.
Keywords: early literacy, home-based learning, kindergarten learners, letter-sound recognition, video-based instruction
The banking sector in Zambia has undergone significant consolidation through mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as a strategic response to market regulatory reforms, fragmentation and competitive pressures. Access bank Zambia is one notable case which acquired Cavmont Bank in 2020 and Atlas Mara Bank in 2023. The study evaluated the impact of M&A on the financial performance of Access Bank Zambia from 2017 to 2025. The study specifically evaluated the impact of M&A on profitability, efficiency and shareholders value and assessed how the bank can leverage M&A to attain long-term financial stability and growth. The study used a qualitative research design using secondary data obtained from audited financial statements. Financial performance was measured using Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Asset (ROA), Asset Turnover Ratio (ATR) and Earnings per Share (EPS). To determine the statistical significance of the observed changes, the study employed analytical techniques such as trend analysis, paired sample t-tests and regression analysis to compare pre- and post-merger performance. The study finding showed a significant improvement in profitability and shareholders value post-merger. Paired t-test results showed statistically significant increase in ROA with a p-value of 0.014, ROE with a p-value of 0.004 and EPS with p-value of 0.002. However, efficiency improvements measured by ATR were positive but not statistically significant with p-value of 0.128. Further, regression analysis indicated that M&A dummy variables had a strong positive effect on ROA with β = 0.762, ROE with β = 0.831, and EPS with β = 0.848 confirming that mergers contributed substantially to financial performance improvement. In conclusion, the study established that M&A had a positive influence on the financial performance of Access Bank Zambia by enhancing profitability and shareholders value. Efficiency requires longer integration period to materialize. The study recommends strengthening post-merger integration management, investing in digital transformation, enhancing corporate governance and risk oversight, and implementing continuous performance monitoring frameworks to maximize long-term merger benefits.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells known as lymphoblasts. These abnormal cells accumulate in the bone marrow and disrupt the production of normal blood cells. Current treatments for ALL include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. These treatments have significantly improved survival rates but are associated with toxicity and relapse due to their non-selective action on rapidly dividing cells. Recent developments in biotechnology have introduced gene-based therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, which modifies a patient’s own T-cells so they can specifically recognize and destroy leukemia cells. This paper reviews scientific literature comparing chemotherapy and CAR-T therapy in the treatment of ALL. The analysis focuses on remission rates, relapse rates, treatment toxicity, and treatment cost. Clinical trials demonstrate that chemotherapy achieves remission in most newly diagnosed patients, while CAR-T therapy produces remission rates above 80% in patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant ALL. However, CAR-T therapy is associated with immune-related side effects and significantly higher treatment costs. Current research suggests that CAR-T therapy functions as a complementary treatment option for relapsed ALL rather than a complete replacement for conventional chemotherapy.
Pipeline integrity management in Nigeria remains challenged by ageing infrastructure, corrosion progression, and limited real-time monitoring systems. This study proposes a simulation-driven cyber-physical digital twin framework for predictive maintenance, integrating Multiphysics modelling with machine learning to enable early fault detection. A physics-based pipeline model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate degradation behaviour under normal and fault conditions. The generated synthetic dataset comprised 2,000 records, split into 1,400 training and 600 testing samples, with temporal sequencing structured into 10-step windows for deep learning analysis. Three predictive models, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Long Short-Term Memory networks, were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, confusion matrix, and Area Under the Curve metrics. Logistic Regression and LSTM achieved perfect classification on the test dataset, with accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score equal to 1.0000. Random Forest achieved 0.9917 accuracy and demonstrated strong generalisation capability. Feature importance analysis identified corrosion rate as the dominant degradation variable, contributing approximately 56% of the classification weight, followed by wall shear stress at 28%. Simulated corrosion progression from 0.02 to 0.05 mm/yr and wall shear stress increase from 1.5 to 2.0 Pa over 100 simulation steps validated realistic degradation trends. The results demonstrate that physics-informed synthetic data can effectively power intelligent predictive maintenance systems, offering a scalable and cost-effective digital twin solution for proactive pipeline integrity management.
Maria Grace Ann M. Binondo, Daniel Cesar F. Cruz, Angelic Claire Dacanay, Cristal Faith B. Dasallas, Marinelle P. Flojo, Jorgie Nicole M. Oliver, Jan Antonette S. Pantan, Erika May S. Paule, Justine Cathe M. Quebral
Digital learning materials are defined here in the broadest sense from basic text-image combinations to dynamic media, that is, media that illustrates information time-dependent, such as videos or animations, and to interactive media, that is, media for intervention, control, and feedback possibilities, such as simulations, educational video games, or online test. Therefore, it can improve the learning process and student participation. This study will identify the least mastered skills of the early childhood learners in Foothills Christian School. With this, it can be the basis for the Digital Instructional Material (DIM) that will be used by the learners. The use of quantitative approach will cover the whole study in Foothill Christian School by the distribution of survey questionnaires.
This study examined the role of student-athletes in fostering conflict resolution within State Universities and Colleges (SUCs). Using qualitative methods, data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with student-athletes, coaches, and school officials. Thematic analysis revealed four key areas: common types of conflict experienced within SUCs, athletes’ perceptions of their role in conflict resolution, existing programs supporting athlete involvement, and proposed strategies to enhance their contributions to campus peace.
Findings indicate that the common conflicts among students, were arising from competition for playing time, disrespect and misunderstandings due to tone and expressive differences, favoritism and preferential access to resources or privileges, and resource and facility allocation issues. The student-athletes perceive themselves as role models for peaceful behavior, active agents in conflict prevention, empowered leaders, and advocates for unity. Existing formal and informal programs, such as leadership councils, mentorship initiatives, and skill-development workshops, provide avenues for athletes to mediate disputes, and model prosocial behavior. However, gaps remain in institutional support, capacity-building, and formal recognition of their contributions. Proposed strategies include expanding leadership opportunities, institutionalizing awareness and capacity-building programs, integrating values-based leadership in sports, providing policy support, and promoting inclusive interactions among students.
The study is anchored in Social Identity Theory, which explains how athletes’ group membership shapes peer perceptions and inclusive behavior; Contact Theory, which highlights the importance of structured interactions in reducing intergroup tension; and the Sports for Development and Peace Framework, which positions sports as a vehicle for social cohesion and peacebuilding. The findings underscore the potential of student-athletes to serve as both exemplars and active facilitators of conflict resolution, demonstrating that with institutional support, structured programs, and ethical leadership, sports can contribute meaningfully to a harmonious and resilient campus community.
Keywords: Student-athletes, Conflict resolution, Campus peace, Social cohesion, Leadership development, Sports for Development and Peace.
This study explored the lived experiences of senior high school students in adapting to AI-powered learning tools within their academic environment. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, it aimed to understand students’ personal experiences, perceptions, and interpretations regarding the integration of artificial intelligence in their learning processes. The participants were twelve purposively selected Grade 11 and Grade 12 students from different academic strands who had prior experience using AI-powered learning tools. Data were gathered through a researcher-made semi-structured interview guide, which allowed participants to share detailed insights about their experiences, challenges, and adaptive strategies.
Thematic analysis was used to examine the transcribed responses and identify key themes related to academic engagement, perceived benefits, encountered challenges, and coping mechanisms. Findings showed that students generally considered AI-powered learning tools helpful in improving understanding, increasing efficiency, and supporting academic tasks such as research and assignments. However, several challenges were also identified, including overreliance on AI, concerns about data privacy, questions about the accuracy of information, and reduced opportunities for critical thinking.
Despite these concerns, students showed the ability to develop self-regulated learning strategies, such as setting usage boundaries, verifying information from reliable sources, and treating AI as a support tool rather than a substitute for independent thinking. The study concludes that while AI-powered learning tools provide significant educational benefits, their effective use requires critical awareness, ethical responsibility, and proper guidance to ensure balanced and meaningful learning. This research highlights the importance of support in maximizing the educational value of AI technologies for students.
Supplementary feeding of piglets during the weaning period is a key factor influencing their zootechnical performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio, health). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the weaning stages of piglets and the types of supplementary feed significantly and differently influence the zootechnical performance of receiving piglets. A sample of 36 piglets was divided among three sows: piglets fed exclusively on mother's milk by sow A (group 1, control), piglets under sow B that consumed stage 2 feed from 30 days of age (group 2), and piglets under sow C that received both types of feed (stage 1 and stage 2) from 15 to 45 days of age (group 3). Individual weighings were carried out at birth upon introduction of the first-stage feed, at 15 days, then at 30 days, and finally at 45 days. At weaning, the piglets receiving both types of feed (group 3) showed better performance. Indeed, the average weight at 45 days was 10.6 ± 2.5 kg compared to 8.5 ± 1.8 kg for group 2 and 6.2 ± 1.7 kg for group 1, fed exclusively on mother's milk (control).
Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05), while Tukey's test classified the groups into three distinct categories (a, b, c), confirming the superiority of group 3 in terms of feed efficiency.
Regression analyses revealed a positive relationship between feed intake and weight gain in both groups: group 3 (y3 = 1.17 + 0.064x) and group 2 (y2 = 0.85 + 0.004x), but this relationship was stronger in group 3.
This study demonstrated the need to distribute starter and starter feeds in farms practicing late weaning. This practice offers potential for improving livestock performance in pig farming in Kisangani, DRC.
Keywords: Piglet, supplementary feed, weaning, livestock performance
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are revolutionizing instructional practices by enabling immersive, interactive, and learner‑centered experiences. This paper explores their transformative role in education, focusing on pedagogical innovation, accessibility, and global adoption trends between 2022 and 2026. Drawing on recent studies, it examines theoretical foundations, practical applications, challenges, and future directions, with emphasis on African and global contexts. Findings suggest that VR/AR technologies enhance engagement, improve retention, and foster collaborative learning, but require infrastructural investment, culturally responsive design, and policy support. The study concludes that VR/AR are not mere novelties but essential tools for 21st‑century instruction. Traditional method has been used from time immemorial but the results are still in the negative which makes room for poor performance of students in Science subjects like physics, chemistry and other management science subjects. With the use of virtual reality and augmented reality, positive result is achievable if well utilized by teachers.
The banking sector in Zambia has undergone significant consolidation through mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as a strategic response to market regulatory reforms, fragmentation and competitive pressures. Access bank Zambia is one notable case which acquired Cavmont Bank in 2020 and Atlas Mara Bank in 2023. The study evaluated the impact of M&A on the financial performance of Access Bank Zambia from 2017 to 2025. The study specifically evaluated the impact of M&A on profitability, efficiency and shareholders value and assessed how the bank can leverage M&A to attain long-term financial stability and growth. The study used a qualitative research design using secondary data obtained from audited financial statements. Financial performance was measured using Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Asset (ROA), Asset Turnover Ratio (ATR) and Earnings per Share (EPS). To determine the statistical significance of the observed changes, the study employed analytical techniques such as trend analysis, paired sample t-tests and regression analysis to compare pre- and post-merger performance. The study finding showed a significant improvement in profitability and shareholders value post-merger. Paired t-test results showed statistically significant increase in ROA with a p-value of 0.014, ROE with a p-value of 0.004 and EPS with p-value of 0.002. However, efficiency improvements measured by ATR were positive but not statistically significant with p-value of 0.128. Further, regression analysis indicated that M&A dummy variables had a strong positive effect on ROA with β = 0.762, ROE with β = 0.831, and EPS with β = 0.848 confirming that mergers contributed substantially to financial performance improvement. In conclusion, the study established that M&A had a positive influence on the financial performance of Access Bank Zambia by enhancing profitability and shareholders value. Efficiency requires longer integration period to materialize. The study recommends strengthening post-merger integration management, investing in digital transformation, enhancing corporate governance and risk oversight, and implementing continuous performance monitoring frameworks to maximize long-term merger benefits.
This study examined the conflict experiences of city coaches and the leadership styles that influence their approaches to conflict prevention. Using qualitative methods, the research explored how coaches navigate clashes of opinions, strong personalities, emotional tensions, communication barriers, and structural constraints within sports teams. Findings revealed that coaching leadership styles, particularly transformational, and participative approaches, play a central role in shaping conflict management practices. Coaches who demonstrated empathy, open communication, shared decision-making, and individualized support were more successful in building trust, strengthening relationships, and mitigating conflict escalation.
The study also identified key challenges that hinder effective conflict prevention, including personality-driven tensions, emotional overload, bias, and misunderstandings arising from unclear or inconsistent communication. These issues align with Conflict Management Theory, which emphasizes the importance of structured strategies in addressing interpersonal disagreements, and Transformational Leadership Theory, which highlights the role of inspirational and relational leadership in fostering cohesion and reducing conflict.
Overall, the findings suggest that enhancing communication frameworks, strengthening leadership competencies, and promoting participative decision-making can improve conflict prevention among city coaches. The study concludes by recommending targeted training programs, institutional support, and the development of standardized team policies to create a more cohesive, collaborative, and psychologically safe coaching environment.
Keywords: conflict prevention, leadership styles, transformational leadership theory, conflict management theory
The Philippine National Police (PNP) is currently devising new duty assignments for police officers, focusing on the duty scheme, the construction of role ambiguity for an officer vis-a-vis a family member, and the implications of these experiences on family life. This study explored the lived experiences of PNP Officers and their families concerning the impact of the duty system on their family relationships. The study employed a qualitative, phenomenological research design. Twelve (12) police officers participated in the study, selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, which were analyzed using Moustakas’ method of data analysis. Results revealed six key themes: living between duty demands and family presence, balancing duty and family roles, coping through family support, interpreting sacrifice as a purpose in family life, reframing challenges as opportunities to strengthen family bonds, and reconstructing identity and relationships through service. The results showed that, despite the challenges of police work, officers purposefully manage role conflicts through negotiation, deliberate family interactions, and emotionally supportive family members. The study suggests improving duty scheduling policies, organizational and family support initiatives, intra-family communication, and the work-family balance of police officers.
Keywords: duty scheme, family, phenomenology, Police
Prelacteal feeds are foods given to newborns before breast feeding is established or before breast milk usually on the first three days of life. Prelacteal feeding practice contravenes the recommendation of World Health Organization that breastfeeding be initiated within an hour of childbirth. practice of giving prelacteal feeding deprives a newborn of valuable nutrients and exposes the new born to risks of infection.
The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of prelacteal feeding and associated factors among mothers or caregivers of children less than two years of age who live in sebeta Hawas, Oromia Special Zone around Finfine, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia.
Methods: Community based cross-sectional design will be employed using quantitative study design.The sample size is calculated using single population proportion formula. Stratified sampling technique will be used to select a total 442 participants.The data was collected through face to face interview using structured questionnair. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) will be used to describe socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the study population and the magnitude of prelactal feeding practices.The bivariate logistic regression techniques will be done to see the crude association between the independent variable the strength of association will be expressed on odds ratio.Eventually, result from bivariate analysis of p<0.2 was moved to multivariate analysis and will be done through step wise multiple logistic regression technique to control the effects of confounding and to identify predictors of prelacteal feeding practices. P value of < 0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance.
Angela S. Amor, Ma. Cristina A. Apelado, Leonalyn Araya, Loriejane M. Arguelles, Regenalyn Baluncio, Febelyn Kate A. Bartolome, Rowena L. Dela Cruz, George Cardenas, Paula Nicole C. Pedroso, Sydnie L. Rollorata, Joana Marie Manuel, Wenelyn B. Salceda
This study examines the impact of digital media on the social literacy development of kindergarten pupils in private schools. It focuses on teacher practices, commonly used digital tools, and differences in student outcomes. The study involved 25 teachers from three private schools in Quezon City.
Findings show that digital media can enhance social literacy skills such as communication, collaboration, and media awareness. Teachers view digital tools as effective in encouraging cooperative learning among young children. However, the results also highlight that these benefits depend on proper teacher guidance and responsible use.
The study emphasizes the importance of teaching digital citizenship and maintaining a balanced use of technology in the classroom. It recommends teacher training, structured integration of digital tools, and regular assessment of learners’ social literacy skills. Overall, digital media can support social literacy development when used appropriately and with clear guidance.
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