Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Effective employee feedback remains central to performance management, yet its implementation in many African private sector contexts is fragmented and poorly understood. This study examines the effects of Performance Management Systems (PMS) and Continuous Feedback Systems (CFS) on employee performance and identifies key implementation challenges within Zambia’s private sector. A convergent mixed‑methods design was employed.
Quantitative data were collected from 301 employees across four private sector organizations in Lusaka District using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent samples t‑tests, correlation, factor analysis, and regression. Qualitative data were gathered through 24 semi‑structured interviews with senior managers and analyzed thematically.
Findings indicate low employee satisfaction with PMS, with mean scores ranging from 1.55 to 2.72 on a five‑point scale. Performance outcomes improved significantly at moderate levels of PMS implementation, although gains diminished at higher levels. Continuous Feedback Systems showed stronger associations with employee performance (r = .416) than PMS (r = .320), with significantly better outcomes reported in organizations with well‑established continuous feedback practices. Communication challenges affected over 75% of respondents, while leadership quality emerged as the strongest predictor of successful implementation. Qualitative findings highlighted managerial skill gaps, cultural resistance to direct feedback, limited resources, and weak follow‑through mechanisms.
The study concludes that continuous feedback offers greater performance benefits than traditional appraisal‑based systems. It underscores the importance of leadership capability and organizational culture over system design and provides practical implications for strengthening feedback practices in emerging economy contexts..
Juvenile offenders’ liability refers to the extent to which minors who commit offenses can be held legally accountable for their criminal behavior, primarily guided by the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR). This study examined stakeholders’ perceptions of juvenile offenders’ liability in the Philippines, particularly on whether the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR) should be lowered and how accountability and rehabilitation should be balanced for children in conflict with the law (CICL). It utilized a qualitative case study design conducted in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, involving 14 participants selected through purposive sampling, including police personnel from the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD), social workers from the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), and barangay officials, with data collected through a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed using Yin’s six stages of case study process. The themes identified were: rehabilitation and age-appropriate accountability in juvenile justice; balancing accountability and rehabilitation in juvenile justice; balancing juvenile accountability and rehabilitation; rehabilitation-oriented system with implementation gaps; and balancing accountability with rehabilitation for young offenders. The results imply the need to maintain a child-centered justice system that prioritizes rehabilitation while addressing implementation gaps. The study recommends strengthening community-based rehabilitation programs, increasing resource allocation, and improving monitoring and inter-agency coordination. Overall, maintaining the current MACR while enhancing rehabilitation and support systems is essential to effectively address juvenile delinquency and promote the reintegration of young offenders.
Keywords: accountability, criminal liability, juvenile justice, minimum age of criminal responsibility, rehabilitation.
This study developed and evaluated the Sound Check App, an e-based instructional tool designed to enhance the oral reading fluency of Grade 7 struggling readers. The application was developed using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model to address reading difficulties through features such as AI-generated voice support, offline accessibility, highlighted reading text, and user-friendly navigation. A developmental research design was employed, involving selected Grade 7 struggling readers and teacher evaluators who assessed the application's quality in terms of user-friendliness, security of users’ data, stability, and educational impact. Data were collected using structured evaluation instruments and analyzed through descriptive statistics, specifically mean and standard deviation, to determine the level of acceptability of the developed application. The findings revealed that the Apple Sound Check App obtained very high acceptability ratings across all evaluation criteria, particularly in interface simplicity, data security, offline accessibility, and support for reader readiness, indicating its effectiveness as an instructional tool for improving oral reading fluency. Although regular software maintenance received comparatively lower ratings, it remained within acceptable levels, suggesting the need for continued system updates and enhancements. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the developed application is an effective, reliable, and user-friendly digital tool that supports oral reading development among struggling readers. It was recommended that future improvements include strengthening system maintenance, integrating AI-generated voice aligned with the Filipino accent, incorporating synchronized word-highlighting features, expanding instructional content, enhancing accessibility features, and conducting further studies to validate the application across broader educational settings.
Keywords: Oral Reading Fluency, e-Based Learning Application, Struggling Readers, Digital Reading Intervention, Educational Technology Innovation
This study examined the relationship between respondents’ demographic profiles and the influence of government and non-government entities on sustainable livelihoods. The findings revealed that most respondents were aged 31–50, a group associated with higher productivity, decision-making capacity, and active participation in community activities. There was a slightly higher proportion of female respondents, indicating stronger female engagement in livelihood programs. Most participants had been in the organization for 1–3 years, suggesting sufficient experience to evaluate program effectiveness. Cash assistance was the most commonly received form of support due to its accessibility and flexibility in addressing immediate household needs. However, newer members and those receiving less frequent assistance reported lower outcomes, indicating that limited exposure and inconsistent support reduce program benefits. In terms of institutional influence, the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Malitbog was perceived as highly influential, particularly in providing business support, training, and financial assistance, while the National Government Unit (NGU) showed a positive but less direct impact. Despite these efforts, challenges remain in market access and follow-up support, as some respondents struggle with product sales and lack continuous guidance after initial assistance. Lower outcomes were also observed in stable income and long-term sustainability, suggesting that while programs provide initial benefits, they do not always ensure lasting economic security. Regression analysis confirmed that institutional involvement significantly influences sustainable livelihoods (R² = 0.667). The Belayong Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Cooperative and the Malitbog Women Program showed significant positive effects, while LGU and NGU had no significant direct influence. This indicates that community-based and targeted programs are more effective in improving livelihood outcomes. Overall, the study highlights that cooperatives and women-focused initiatives have the strongest impact on livelihood improvement. However, issues such as limited targeting, inconsistent support, and weak coordination among institutions reduce overall effectiveness. Strengthening collaboration between government agencies and community organizations, improving program inclusivity, and ensuring continuous support are essential to achieving sustainable and long-term livelihood development in the community
Abstract
This study determined the determined of determine the impact of cultural diversity on organizational performance of Nigerian Bottling Company plc. Enugu State. Having analysed the distributed 141 questionnaires, descriptive survey approach was adopted and analysed using regressions with the help of SPSS version 22.0. The study found that, religion diversity has significant impact on productivity of Nigerian Bottling Company plc. Enugu State. Secondly, language diversity has significant impact on efficiency of Nigerian Bottling Company plc. Enugu State. The study concludes that, organizations who manage diversity and implement the right diversity initiatives rather than ignoring it, can benefit from increased creativity and innovation, better decision-making and various approaches to problems. These benefits are also generated when firms understand that each employee is unique by ensuring their qualities and experiences are respected. From the result of findings, the study concluded that cultural diversity has significant effect on organizational performance in the Nigerian bottling company plc. Enugu. The study recommends that; i) Management of Nigeria bottling company plc. Enugu should carefully religion in the organization in other not to create disunity among workers which will impede on productivity. ii) Employees should also be made to understand that achieving unity despite cultural differences is the responsibility of productivity in every member of the organization. In addition, there should be periodic evaluation of religion barriers that could bring which will militate on having the desired outcomes.
Keywords: Cultural Diversity, Diversity Management, Organizational Performance
Quid de la recherche au troisième cycle de DEA au Département de Physique et des Sciences Appliquées à la Faculté des Sciences à l’UPN, où s’organise deux orientations au troisième cycle, dont les sciences fondamentales et les Sciences Appliquées ? Les critères d’évaluation d’un mémoire de DEA de l’Université de Laval au Canada, pourrait davantage éclairer la lanterne du Législateur Congolais pour une position juste et bénéfique en faveur de l’intérêt communautaire : Evaluer la qualité de la recherche effectuée en se renseignant sur ce qui a déjà été fait et ce qui pourrait être réalisé.
This study determined the risk control management practices of micro and small restaurants along Legazpi City Boulevard. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive research design, data were gathered from 25 purposively sampled managers and owner-managers of DTI and SEC-registered establishments through a validated survey questionnaire. The findings revealed that severe operational and health-related risks were rarely encountered, and respondents reported exceptionally high levels of risk control implementation characterized by a strong reliance on manual, preventive inspections. However, a significant "capability gap" was identified: while managerial awareness was high, severe financial constraints—specifically limited resources and the high cost of sanitation and pest control supplies—served as the primary barriers to effective risk management.
The study concludes that the long-term resilience of these establishments is highly vulnerable to economic limitations. It is recommended that technology developers or the Local Government Unit (LGU) introduce low-cost digital monitoring systems and provide targeted support, such as subsidies for safety supplies, to bridge the gap between compliance aspirations and financial realities.
Abstract
Mental health issues among college students in Kenya have transitioned from a silent struggle to a public health crisis. In 2026, this emergency is characterized by severe economic volatility, with 87% of the general population reporting high stress levels primarily due to the rising cost of living and unemployment. This paper examines the extent of depression, anxiety, and stress among students, identifying socio-economic stressors, digital fatigue, and systemic barriers as primary drivers. This study utilizes a mixed-methods synthesis of data from 2024 to early 2026, revealing that 30.9% to 40% of university students exhibit symptoms of clinical distress. Specific cohorts, such as final-year students and those in health sciences, face even higher risks, with depression rates reaching 57.7%. Key drivers include socio-economic strain, digital fatigue, and systemic barriers to care. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for institutionalizing mental health support within the Kenyan higher education framework. It also examines these determinants and offers policy recommendations aligned with the Nairobi County Mental Health Strategic Action Plan 2025–2030.
Changes in technology and the preferences of Millennials and Zillennials have reshaped the way they watch movies or dramas. They are more focused on accessibility, digital content, and the social experiences associated with the entertainment. Millennials and Zillennials tend to prefer watching movies via streaming platforms. online like Netflix , Amazon Prime , Disney+, and others. They choose the flexibility to choose when and where to watch movies, replacing the traditional model of cinemas or cable television. The use of On The Top (OTT) has become a very effective tool in promoting tourism through the drama industry. Drama acts as an effective tourism promotion tool and attracts tourists to visit the countries where the stories are set. Drama can arouse interest in a country's culture and natural beauty, enrich tourists' experiences, and encourage them to explore the destinations depicted in the drama. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the drama industry on increasing tourist visit decisions, especially Indonesian tourists, to visit abroad. The data will be analyzed using AMOS and SEM. The findings of this study are expected to inform strategies for the Indonesian film and tourism industries in the current era.
This study examined the sustainability practices of farmers and their contributions to local economic development in Malitbog, Bukidnon. It specifically described the respondents' profiles in terms of age, gender, years of farming experience, estimated quarterly income, and family size, and assessed sustainability practices in relation to access to market, community collaboration, and soil management. A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed, involving 98 corn farmers from selected barangays. The findings revealed that most respondents were aged 41–50 years, predominantly male, with 11–13 years of farming experience, earning Php 151,000–200,000 quarterly, and belonging to households of 5–7 members. Results showed that farmers consistently practiced high levels of sustainability in terms of market access, community collaboration, and soil management, all interpreted as “Highly Sustainable.” Similarly, respondents perceived positive improvements in local economic development, particularly in income growth, employment opportunities, market activity, and institutional support. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in perceptions of economic development when grouped according to demographic profile variables. Furthermore, findings indicated no significant relationship between farmers’ sustainability practices and their perceptions of local economic development. Although sustainability practices were highly implemented, they did not directly influence perceptions of economic progress, suggesting that external factors such as infrastructure, government programs, and market systems may play a more significant role. Overall, the study concludes that while farmers are highly engaged in sustainable agricultural practices and perceive positive economic conditions, sustainability practices alone are insufficient to explain local economic development. The findings highlight the need for integrated development strategies that combine sustainable agriculture with strong institutional and economic support systems.
Ce travail portant sur : « anticipation de l’avenir, facteur de succès pour l’entreprise du 21ème siècle » a eu pour objectif de montrer d’une part comment les facteurs environnementaux peuvent influencer les activités des entreprises et de mettre en exergue d’autres parts les mécanismes pouvant, au milieu des fluctuations et de l’incertitude, permettre la compétitivité et donc le succès de l’entreprise.
L’internationalisation des marchés, l’évolution des techniques, les goûts changeants du public, la concurrence grandissante des firmes au sein d’un secteur et un climat de crise économique font que l’environnement des entreprises est instable et turbulent.
La théorie évolutionniste du changement économique mettant l’accent sur la faculté de l’entreprise à s’adapter aux évolutions de son environnement grâce à sa capacité d’apprentissage, la conduite du changement s’organise donc autour d’un processus qu’il s’agit de maîtriser et qui nécessite de connaître l’existant, de gérer la démarche, d’agir et d’en accepter les risques.
Anticiper, c’est exactement ce que font les entreprises tournées vers l’avenir. Elles pensent à l’avenir. Elles planifient. Et un élément essentiel de ce plan consiste à déterminer quelles seront les futures étoiles d’une entreprise
Cependant, l’anticipation n’est guère répandue chez les dirigeants, car, lorsque tout va bien, ils peuvent s’en passer et, lorsque tout va mal, il est trop tard pour voir plus loin que le bout de son nez. Il est donc important de réagir et vite ! Seulement, la réactivité n'est pas une fin en soi ; souhaitable à court terme, elle ne mène nulle part si elle n'est pas orientée vers les objectifs à long terme de l'entreprise.
Mots clés : Gestion du Changement, Innovation, Environnement de l'entreprise, Risque, Rentabilité.
This article presents the Kohenoor Ecosystem as an applied research and development framework built on three interconnected pillars: Education 3.0+, Hybrid Finance Infrastructure, and Kohenoor AI (KAI). It examines how these pillars are brought together within a console based operational environment designed to connect human capability development, hybrid financial architecture, and intelligence driven interaction.
The first pillar, Education 3.0+, is positioned as a response to the human readiness gap in an AI driven world, emphasizing practical learning, institutional capacity building, and professional preparedness. The second pillar, Hybrid Finance Infrastructure, addresses the need for structured and auditable bridges between traditional finance and emerging digital asset systems. The third pillar, KAI, serves as the intelligence, advisory, and governance layer of the ecosystem, supporting structured interaction, analytical assistance, and system level coordination.
A distinctive feature of the project is its public facing multi app platform, through which these three pillars are expressed in an integrated operational form rather than as isolated concepts. Within this structure, the visible interface of KAI represents the first public face of a broader intelligence system. The article positions the Kohenoor Ecosystem as an evolving applied framework that brings education, finance, and artificial intelligence into one connected public model.
Abstract. This study examined the demographic profile, level of educational knowledge, and entrepreneurial competencies of small-scale business owners, most of whom operate mini-grocery and fresh produce retail enterprises. The location of many businesses outside the Poblacion area reflects a preference for lower rental costs, reduced market congestion, and better physical space for operations. Business longevity ranges from one month to over thirty years, with most owners operating for two to twenty years, indicating a generally stable and experienced entrepreneurial base. Respondents achieved moderate mean scores in educational knowledge related to skills (3.13) and reinforced learning (3.23), demonstrating strengths in communication, teamwork, active listening, stress management, and basic planning. However, weaker performance was observed in technical skills, digital literacy, adaptability to new technologies, creativity, and receiving timely feedback. Although experiential learning and hands-on practice contribute strongly to entrepreneurial confidence and decision-making, the combined effect of skills, abilities, and reinforcement on entrepreneurial competencies remains only moderate. Overall, entrepreneurial competencies were rated high (mean = 3.42), particularly in risk-taking, persistence, planning, networking, communication, and adaptability, while analytical and information-seeking behaviors were lower. The correlation between educational background and entrepreneurial competencies was weak but significant (r = 0.031, p = 0.000), and regression analysis showed that skills, abilities, experience, and reinforced learning collectively explain only a small proportion of variance (R² = 0.035), with no individual predictor reaching statistical significance. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial competencies are shaped more by practical experience, mentoring, motivation, and real-world exposure than by formal education alone, underscoring the need for a holistic, practice-oriented approach to entrepreneurship education and support programs
This study investigated the influence of home-based economic activities on the livelihood improvement of low-income households in Barangay Casinglot, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental. Specifically, it examined how various activities—such as selling, service provision, production, and freelancing—contribute to household income, financial stability, and overall well-being. It also analyzed the respondents’ demographic and business profiles, including age, gender, monthly income, years in operation, capitalization, and business location, to determine their relationship with livelihood outcomes. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, with data gathered through a structured survey questionnaire administered to 56 purposively selected respondents. Statistical tools, including frequency, percentage, weighted mean, correlation, and regression analysis, were utilized to interpret the data.
Findings revealed that home-based economic activities play a significant role in enhancing household livelihood by facilitating income generation, strengthening financial resilience, and enabling families to meet their daily needs. Among the various activities, production emerged as the most influential factor, demonstrating a statistically significant positive relationship with improved livelihoods. While selling, services, and freelancing also showed positive contributions, their effects were not statistically significant. Furthermore, monthly income was found to have a significant impact on livelihood outcomes, whereas variables such as age, gender, years in business, capitalization, and location did not yield significant differences. Regression analysis further confirmed that the combined effect of these home-based activities has a significant influence on livelihood improvement. Overall, the study underscores the importance of home-based economic activities as viable strategies for enhancing the living conditions of low-income households. It recommends the provision of financial assistance, targeted skills development programs, and improved market access to ensure sustainability and strengthen household economic resilience.
This study investigated the influence of marketing strategies on the sustainability of micro-enterprises among selected businesses in Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental. It specifically examined the roles of content marketing, social media marketing, and customer reviews and referrals in supporting business continuity, fostering customer loyalty, and enhancing long-term organizational performance. The research sought to determine the respondents’ demographic profile, assess the extent of marketing strategy implementation, evaluate the level of micro-enterprise sustainability, and establish the significance of the relationship between marketing strategies and sustainability outcomes. A quantitative research design employing a descriptive-correlational approach was utilized. Data were collected from 100 respondents, consisting of business owners and employees from micro, small, and medium enterprises in Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental, through a structured survey questionnaire. Statistical tools, including frequency count, weighted mean, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis, were applied to ensure rigorous data interpretation. The findings revealed that respondents strongly agreed on the effectiveness of marketing strategies in promoting business sustainability, with customer reviews and referrals emerging as the most influential, followed by social media marketing and content marketing. Moreover, the overall level of micro-enterprise sustainability was assessed as high. Statistical analysis further confirmed a significant relationship between marketing strategies and sustainability, indicating that strategic marketing practices contribute substantially to market retention, customer engagement, and operational resilience. The study concludes that marketing strategies are critical determinants of micro-enterprise sustainability. It is therefore recommended that business owners and managers adopt innovative and digitally driven marketing approaches, with a strong emphasis on customer engagement and feedback mechanisms, to enhance competitiveness and ensure sustained growth within the local business environment.
This study examines the intersection of environmental disasters and conflict dynamics as experienced by internally displaced persons (IDPs) in selected barangays of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur, focusing on how recurring hazards shape displacement, livelihoods, social relations, and peacebuilding processes. Anchored in the frameworks of Environmental Security, Conflict Transformation, and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), the research employed a qualitative case study design using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with IDPs and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with Community and Family Services International (CFSI) field officers and Joint Task Forces on Camps Transformation (JTFCT) representatives. Findings reveal that flooding, landslides, and climate-related shocks have become recurring triggers of displacement, blurring the boundaries between conflict-induced and disaster-induced displacement. While environmental disasters rarely result in direct community violence, they intensify latent and structural tensions related to livelihood loss, displacement anxiety, and perceived inequities in aid distribution. Communities rely heavily on indigenous coping mechanisms such as bayanihan and mutual support, community leadership and dialogue, preparedness, and early action to manage stress and prevent conflict escalation. However, short-term relief alone is insufficient; the absence of fair systems and long-term support perpetuates vulnerability and silent resentment. The study underscores the need for conflict-sensitive DRR, transparent and participatory aid mechanisms, livelihood recovery, psychosocial support, and preventive environmental and infrastructure interventions. This study contributes to Peace and Development scholarship by demonstrating that conflict-sensitive disaster risk reduction, when grounded in community participation and fairness, can prevent latent tensions and strengthen social cohesion in post-conflict and disaster-prone settings, such as Maguindanao provinces.
Keywords: environmental disasters; internal displacement; conflict dynamics; peacebuilding; disaster risk reduction
Devant le manque des normes comptables spécifiques aux secteurs exclus du champ d’application de l’AUDCIF, les Etats parties de l’OHADA, se réunissant en organisations sous régionales pour certains, ont pris des initiatives tendant à encadrer au niveau légal et réglementaire les pratiques comptables applicables dans les établissements de crédit et sociétés d’assurance ainsi que la production de leurs états financiers.
Toutes ces normes locales, prises en dehors du cadre de l’OHADA marque un profond rapprochement avec les IFRS qui s’imposent progressivement, soulevant la question de la disparition pure et simple du droit comptable OHADA au profit des normes IFRS.
Cette étude, recourant principalement aux méthodes descriptive et comparative renseigne, pour les 17 pays constituant la zone, les référentiels comptables applicables dans le secteurs bancaire et des assurances et fait le constat d'une profonde convergence de ceux-ci aux normes IFRS.
Mots clés : états financiers, référentiel comptable, établissement de crédit, société d'assurance.
A child who lives without parents due to poverty, alcohol, or imprisonment of one or both parents is considered a social orphan. One problem the Philippines needs to address is its status of abandoned, neglected, and orphaned children. The objective of this study is to explore the lived experience of Bangsamoro orphans in Cotabato City. An exploratory study using a phenomenological approach was used in interviewing Bangsamoro Orphans in Cotabato City. When asked about their experiences and situations living in an orphanage, the respondents expressed their feelings. They shared that they are satisfied living in the orphanage because they are provided with free meals every day, a shelter to live in as they can sleep freely, and an education. They are grateful and content with their situation living in an orphanage. The orphans' dreams of the future are bright and inspiring. The respondents only answered trivial problems they encountered in the orphanage. The shortage of water, small arguments among the orphans, and their vehicle breakdown. Although those mentioned problems are just trivial, they must solve them to avoid the spread of the problem. With their unity and the help of their teachers, the issues and challenges they face are swiftly being solved.
Keywords: Bangsamoro Orphans, Selected Orphanage, Cotabato City
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