Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
South Africa has historically had an insecure electricity grid that relies heavily on unsustainable coal-based energy, limiting the social and economic growth of the entire country. However, South Africa’s renewable energy capacities have been booming due to foreign investment into private construction projects that exploit the country’s rich wind and solar resources. Future large scale renewable energy adoption and subsequent grid connection is limited though due to the intermittency of the sun and wind, requiring the storage of energy. With South Africa’s coal industry on an inevitable decline, thousands of mines are also due to close, presenting physical hazards and contamination risks. Underground energy storage stands at the intersection of these issues as an innovation that could support the nation’s renewable energy transition, repurpose a host of abandoned mines, and shift the nation away from coal dependence. The potential of energy storage in South African mine voids is almost unchartered and site selection of energy storage facilities remains underresearched worldwide. Nevertheless, this study aims to pioneer a Two Step Site Selection process used on Chinese coal mines that involves the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to understand the extent to which mines of different regions, minerals, and geologies in South Africa can be retrofitted into Underground Pumped Hydro Storage (UPHS). South Africa’s platinum and, to a lesser extent, gold mines proved to have the highest feasibility based on the weighting of seventeen technical, locational, and economic criteria. The future development of UPHS in these regions would encourage further renewable expansion, stabilize the nation’s declining mining industry, and provide consistent, clean power to businesses, industries, and consumers across the country, boosting economic growth, social security, and supporting a sustainable future.
Overdiagnosis is a well-known issue in modern healthcare, where conditions are correctly diagnosed, but their findings are irrelevant to the patient's health. This review explores the main factors contributing to overdiagnosis, its impact on the patients and the healthcare system, and the gaps that still exist. In addition, it focuses on studies related to medical imaging and clinical decision-making. These findings suggest that overdiagnosis is influenced by the advancement in technology, broader diagnostic criteria, patient expectations, and systemic pressures within healthcare systems. These factors have led to unnecessary treatments, emotional distress, and increased healthcare costs. Furthermore, it diverts the resources and attention from patients with more urgent needs. Despite the awareness of the issue, research remains limited to noncancer conditions and low-middle-income countries. Addressing these gaps, along with improving clinical guidelines and patient communication, is essential to ensure that early detection benefits more than unnecessary harm.
Background: Adolescence is a critical period for metabolic development, often characterized by delayed sleep phases and severe circadian disruption. While the link between disrupted circadian rhythms and insulin resistance is established in adults, the specific impact of rhythm fragmentation versus rhythm amplitude in adolescents remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed 8.5 million minutes of continuous 80Hz wrist-worn accelerometry data from 729 adolescents ages 12 to 17 in the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Custom signal processing extracted non-parametric circadian metrics: Intradaily Variability and Relative Amplitude. Survey-weighted least squares regression assessed independent associations with log-transformed HOMA-IR, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, race/ethnicity, and total physical activity volume. Results: Intradaily Variability showed no statistically significant association with HOMA-IR (p = 0.664). Relative Amplitude exhibited a highly significant inverse relationship with HOMA-IR (β = -0.578, p = 0.003), independent of total daily activity volume and BMI. Conclusion: The strength of the 24-hour circadian rhythm, rather than day-to-day fragmentation, is a primary independent predictor of adolescent insulin sensitivity. Interventions targeting adolescent metabolic health should prioritize circadian consolidation beyond simple exercise volume prescriptions.
Cet article étudie l’impact du français langue étrangère (FLE) sur le parcours scolaire, universitaire et professionnel des étudiants maro-cains. Il rappelle d’abord que le français occupe une place importante au Maroc, héritée de l’histoire mais maintenue par son rôle dans l’éducation, l’administration et le monde du travail.
Dans le système éducatif, le français est une langue clé, surtout dans les filières scientifiques et techniques. Cette situation influence di-rectement les choix d’orientation des élèves. Ceux qui maîtrisent bien le français ont plus de chances d’accéder à des études supérieures de qualité et à des formations sélectives.
En revanche, les élèves ayant un faible niveau en français rencontrent des difficultés importantes. Ces obstacles linguistiques limitent leur compréhension des cours, réduisent leurs possibilités d’orientation et freinent leur insertion professionnelle.
L’article montre aussi que l’apprentissage du FLE permet de développer plusieurs compétences essentielles. Il améliore la communication, la rédaction, la compréhension et la capacité d’analyse. Ces compétences sont indispensables pour réussir à l’université et dans la vie pro-fessionnelle.
Par ailleurs, la maîtrise du français ouvre des opportunités à l’international. Elle facilite l’accès aux universités étrangères, aux programmes d’échange et aux emplois dans des entreprises multinationales.
Enfin, le FLE a un impact positif sur la personnalité des étudiants. Il renforce leur confiance en eux, leur motivation et leur estime person-nelle.
En conclusion, l’intégration du français dans le système éducatif marocain est un facteur déterminant de réussite. Elle permet aux étudiants de mieux s’orienter, de réussir leurs études et s’intégrer efficacement dans le monde du travail.
This article examines the effect of project-based pedagogy on the development of writing skills in French as a foreign language (FLE) among middle school students. The study, conducted with a third-year middle school class, highlights a significant improvement in written productions, particularly in terms of text organization, coherence, and narrative creativity. However, the findings indicate that linguistic skills, such as verb conjugation and spelling, develop more gradually. The article concludes that project-based pedagogy is an effective approach for enhancing learners’ motivation and improving their writing performance, while emphasizing the need for additional linguis-tic support.
Le secteur informel de Kinshasa occupe une place centrale dans l’économie urbaine, regroupant une variété d’activités de petite taille telles que le commerce, la restauration, la coiffure ou l’artisanat. Ces unités, essentielles à la subsistance de nombreux ménages, restent marquées par une faible formalisation et des pratiques de gestion financière rudimentaires, dominées par les transactions en espèces. Dans ce contexte, le mobile money se présente comme une innovation financière majeure, capable de transformer les modes de gestion et de renforcer l’inclusion économique en offrant aux entrepreneurs des outils modernes pour sécuriser leurs recettes, organiser leurs flux monétaires et améliorer leur discipline de trésorerie.
Toutefois, l’efficacité du mobile money demeure tributaire de contraintes structurelles et contextuelles. Les frais de transaction jugés élevés, les problèmes de réseau, les difficultés de maîtrise des outils numériques et la préférence persistante de certains clients pour le paiement en espèces limitent son potentiel. L’étude conclut que pour que le mobile money devienne un véritable moteur de performance et de résilience économique, il doit être soutenu par des politiques publiques adaptées, des initiatives d’éducation financière, un encadrement entrepreneurial et une amélioration des infrastructures numériques. Son rôle dépasse ainsi la simple fonction transactionnelle pour s’inscrire dans une dynamique de modernisation et de structuration progressive des pratiques financières au sein du secteur informel.
Mots-clés : Mobile money, gestion financière, petites entreprises informelles, inclusion financière, etc…
Afin d’appréhender, de saisir et d’explorer l’entité, à la fois importante et complexe, que représente la progression dans l’enseignement-apprentissage du français, cet article se propose d’en faire une revue de littérature critique à visée théorique. Cette recension conduite à travers la recherche documentaire et l’analyse thématique, présente la synthése des connaissances relatives aux dimensions conceptuelle et historique. Elle met en évidence que cette notion ne peut être ni défini de manière univoque et stable ni abandonnée en définitif, mais doit être pensée comme un concept à caractère systémique et dynamique. Une perception, qui résume tout l’esprit de la théorie du ply-centrisme de Borg (2001), et confirme la plasticité de ce concept et sa capacité à s’adapter aux contacts des évolutions au fil du temps et des changements de contextes. L’interprétation des résultats obtenus, orientent vers de nouvelles perspectives de recherche et d’action liées aux enjeux contemporains de la didactique des langues.
This study aimed to develop and evaluate Papaya Bukayo as an innovative alternative to traditional coconut-based bukayo, focusing on sensory acceptability, microbial safety, and commercial viability. Specifically, it assessed respondents’ preferences in terms of color, aroma, taste, and texture, determined significant differences among treatments, identified the best formulation, and conducted microbial analysis. A developmental research design was employed, involving three formulation trials of papaya bukayo. These were subjected to sensory evaluation using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), acceptability scoring, and rank preference testing. Evaluative and descriptive methods were also employed to assess product quality, consumer acceptability, and safety. Microbial analysis was conducted to ensure food safety, while cost computation determined commercial viability. Results revealed significant differences among treatments in sensory attributes, with Treatment 0 (using brown sugar and moderate papaya proportions) achieving the highest acceptability scores across color (4.72), aroma (4.73), taste (4.74), and texture (4.70), all rated “Very Much Accepted.” Treatments 2 and 3 were also highly acceptable, while Treatment 1 was only “Moderately Accepted.” Scheffé tests confirmed Treatment 0’s superiority, particularly in taste and texture. Microbial analysis revealed the absence of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and molds, confirming the product’s safety. Papaya Bukayo demonstrates strong potential as a nutritious, safe, and commercially viable alternative to coconut bukayo. The use of brown sugar and balanced papaya proportions enhances sensory appeal, while microbial safety ensures consumer confidence. This innovation supports food security, resource optimization, and heritage preservation by integrating papaya into traditional Filipino confectionery.
This phenomenological study examined the economic lived experiences of Maguindanaons affected by clan feuds (rido) in Maguindanao del Sur. It explored participants’ economic conditions before the conflict, the disruptions experienced during the feud, their coping strategies, sources of resilience, and recommendations for mitigating economic impacts. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Findings revealed that while participants previously maintained modest but stable livelihoods, the onset of clan conflict caused abrupt economic disruption, displacement, income loss, and increased dependency on external assistance. Prolonged exposure to conflict intensified financial insecurity and debt accumulation. Despite these hardships, participants demonstrated resilience through adaptive livelihood strategies, family cooperation, and strong faith in Allah. Economic survival was sustained through resourcefulness, community solidarity, and spiritual grounding.
The study concludes that clan feuds severely undermine economic stability yet simultaneously reveal culturally rooted resilience mechanisms that can inform conflict-sensitive development and peacebuilding interventions.
Keywords: clan feuds, rido, economic disruption, displacement, resilience, phenomenology, Maguindanao del Sur.
This paper aims to offer detailed insights into the planning, scheduling, and execution of preventive maintenance (PM) strategies that are crucial for sustaining the lifecycle of truck dump bodies, thereby fostering an effective maintenance framework. Observations indicate that crack formation and accelerated wear on mining haul trucks result from exposure to varying loads and loading cycles, which adversely affect metal structures and can lead to premature failure of the dump body. The dump-body mining haul truck, primarily utilized in transporting and unloading ore within mines and large civil earthworks, faces numerous challenges including material density, road conditions, distance, slopes, and curves. These factors not only impact the truck's dump body material but also contribute to the risk of sudden catastrophic failures, necessitating urgent maintenance interventions. The suspended dump body is typically connected to the main chassis frame via hydraulic tilt cylinders and rear pivot pins. Constructed from robust steel and hardox materials that resist punctures, abrasion, and tearing, this paper will delineate a periodic maintenance strategy essential for ensuring long-term efficiency and safe operation. Despite limited existing literature on dump truck body maintenance, this work seeks to provide valuable contributions for researchers and organizations aiming to enhance tray longevity.
Cette recherche évalue l’observance du code de déontologie et d’éthique journalistique par les journalistes de Kis24.info et singamwambe.info à Kisangani. À partir d’un échantillon de quatre articles dont deux par média et grâce à une analyse de contenu qualitative, l’étude met en évidence une tension entre l’exactitude des faits et l’objectivité du traitement. Les journalistes respectent le principe de véracité, mais leurs écrits sont marqués par la subjectivité, la propagande et la dépendance vis-à-vis des acteurs politiques et économiques. Les contenus privilégient les thématiques politiques et économiques, souvent au détriment des sujets sociaux. Les résultats confirment que la faible observance des règles déontologiques est liée aux conditions socio-économiques et socioprofessionnelles précaires des journalistes. L’étude recommande de renforcer l’indépendance rédactionnelle, de diversifier les sources et de bannir les pratiques de coupage afin d’améliorer la qualité de l’information.
Cet article analyse l’impact des discours climato-sceptiques sur la communication écologique dans la Province de la Tshopo, en République démocratique du Congo, à partir d’un corpus de cinq publications diffusées entre janvier et juin 2024 sur Facebook et WhatsApp. L’étude met en évidence la viralité des fakenews et leur appropriation par la population locale. Les résultats montrent que ces contenus, largement likés, commentés et partagés, construisent une opinion négative vis-à-vis des ONG et des initiatives écologistes, en exploitant les représentations sociales liées au vécu historique et aux croyances locales. Deux tendances se dégagent : la négation du lien anthropique du changement climatique et la contestation de son existence même. L’étude conclut que la lutte contre le changement climatique dans la Tshopo exige une stratégie communicationnelle contextualisée, fondée sur les codes culturels et numériques locaux, afin de contrer efficacement la désinformation et renforcer l’adhésion de la population aux actions locales.
RICHIE R. ORTIZ. 2025. “Strategic Management of Inclusive Mathematics
Programs: An Assessment of Instructional Leadership and Resource
Optimization at Glan Central Integrated Sped Center”. Thesis. Enthusiastic
College, Inc., Upper Dinganen, Buldon, Maguindanao.
This study examined the strategic management of inclusive mathematics
programs at Glan Central Integrated SPED Center, focusing on instructional
leadership, resource optimization, program challenges, and program
effectiveness. A quantitative-descriptive research design with a correlational approach was
employed. zed through frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, Pearson r correlation, and multiple
regression analysis, while qualitative responses were examined using thematic
analysis.
Findings revealed that instructional leadership was high (M = 4.19), while
resource optimization was adequate (M = 3.67). Teachers experienced moderate
challenges (M = 3.71), particularly in addressing diverse learners, managing time
constraints, and lacking training in inclusive strategies. Program effectiveness
was generally rated as effective (M = 3.69), although concerns regarding teacher
workload were noted. Correlation results showed a significant positive relationship between
instructional leadership and program effectiveness (r = 0.78), as well as between
resource optimization and program effectiveness (r = 0.72). Regression analysis
confirmed that both variables significantly predict program effectiveness (R² =
0.71). The study concludes that strengthening leadership and resource
management, while addressing training and workload issues, is essential. A
strategic management framework is proposed to enhance inclusive mathematics
programs.
Keywords: Instructional Leadership; Resource Optimization; Inclusive
Mathematics Education; Program Effectiveness; Strategic Management
Framework
This study investigated Instructional Leadership Development Support for Science Teachers in the Division of Surigao del Norte as a basis for professional development. Specifically, it examined teachers' demographic profiles in terms of years of teaching and science trainings attended, assessed their level of understanding across four global warming concepts: greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone depletion, and radiation, and determined the relationship and differences between their understanding and demographic variables. Using a quantitative-descriptive correlational design, data were gathered from 50 science teachers through a validated multiple-choice test and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson’s r, and ANOVA. Findings revealed that most teachers were early in their careers and had limited exposure to training. Overall, their understanding was categorized as high-moderate, with better comprehension in greenhouse effect and radiation, and weaker understanding in acid rain and ozone depletion. A significant positive relationship was found between years of teaching and understanding of ozone depletion and radiation. ANOVA results also showed significant differences in conceptual understanding based on teaching experience and the number of trainings attended, particularly for ozone depletion and radiation. The study concludes that teaching experience influences science teachers’ conceptual understanding more than training frequency. It recommends targeted, content-specific professional development and curriculum improvements to address identified knowledge gaps and enhance climate change education.
Due to the hike in the price of cooking gas in Nigeria, most homes are using charcoal obtained from carbonized logs of wood as source of energy, by implication a tree had to be felled down to obtain them, this practice encourages deforestation. Deforestation leads to severe consequences. The aim of this work is to develop a biodegradable green charcoal briquette from carbonized calabash fibre through pyrolysis of the calabash fibre to produce the calabash charcoal for domestic cooking applications. The objective of the study is to determine the fuel higher heating value of the formulated briquette in comparism to the hardwood log charcoal available. Hand layup method was used for the formulation. The product is subjected to nine proximate analysis tests of shattering index, percentage ash content, ignition time, water boiling, burning rate, specific fuel consumption, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon and the calorific value tests. The gap which this work intends to fill is to use calabash cellulose fibre to produce the charcoal briquettes. The formulated calabash charcoal briquettes competed favorably to the conventional hardwood charcoal used in the state having 96%, 1.25%, 8 minutes, 0.245g/min, 0.0196kj/kg, 1%, 97.75%, and 33,894.24 kj/kg respectively as results for shatter index, percentage ash content, water boiling test, burning rate, specific fuel consumption rate, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon and calorific value of fuel. The ignition time for the formulated briquette is 110 seconds.
Keywords: Briquettes, Green charcoal, Smokeless Stoves, Deforestation, Calabash Fibre, Biodegradability
Arms proliferation in Maguindanao del Sur has been for decades already. This study describes the Small Arms and Light Weapons Disarmament Program of the 6th Infantry Division intended to sustain the peace process. This used the qualitative research design employing document analysis, Key Informant Interview, In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion as data gathering techniques. The study found out the following: (a) There was indeed proliferation of SALW in Maguindanao del Sur and this heavily affected the province, and which is why the intensification of the SALW disarmament program was implemented by the 6th Infantry Division; (b) The strategies used by 6th ID were community-based mapping and consultations with the local government officials, and collaboration with the local government officials and religious leaders; (c) incentivizing those who surrender their weapons voluntarily; and, (d) peace advocacy done during consultations and during Information and Education campaigns. The factors that facilitate the implementation of the program includes: (a) the monitoring done by the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity; (b) cooperation of some local government officials; and, (c) the outstanding commitment of the 6th Infantry Division implementers. The researchers recommends the following: (a) massive education program should be implemented to conscientize more the local government officials; (b) more budget should be allotted for the intelligence networks solely focused on the SALW disarmament program to include incentives for the local government officials whose lives are also at stake; (c) the United Nations Development Program may commission a high-level research to trace the expenditures for the normalization track as shortage of the budget affects the progress of the SALW disarmament program; and, (d) aggressive limitation and control be made part of the program by establishing, sturdy, smart mobile check points to stop the influx of firearms to Maguindanao del Sur.
Keywords: Bangsamoro Peace Process, 6th Infantry Division, Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), Disarmament Program
This article interrogates the economic inequality and financial dependence of women as constitutive elements of a self-reinforcing cycle of disadvantage — what this study terms the 'vicious circle of dispossession.' Departing from Eurocentric feminist frameworks that treat African women's economic marginalisation as culturally determined, this article locates its analytical foundation in African feminist and decolonial scholarship, arguing that the financial entrapment of women in Africa is inseparable from the colonial reorganisation of pre-colonial gender relations, the ongoing extraction of value through global capitalist structures, and the patriarchal inheritance of colonial statecraft. Drawing on the works of Boserup (1970), Kabeer (1999, 2005), Mama (1996), Tamale (2011), Oyěwùmí (1997), and Amadiume (1987), alongside contemporary empirical research, the article demonstrates how women's exclusion from land ownership, financial services, and formal employment constitutes not a cultural aberration but a historically produced political condition. The article further demonstrates how financial dependence intersects with intimate partner violence, educational exclusion, and social invisibility in ways that render escape from the circle structurally improbable without systemic intervention. The article concludes by advocating for an African feminist political economy that centres women as economic subjects whose knowledge, labour, and agency are foundational to sustainable development.
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major public health concern in Chad, one of the most affected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the frequency of PTB and evaluate the biological diagnostic methods used at the Bon Samaritan University Hospital Complex (CHU-BS) of N'Djamena.
Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with two phases: a retrospective phase (January 2020 - December 2023, n = 2,048) and a prospective phase (February 8 - March 22, 2024, n = 101), totalling 2,149 samples. Probabilistic purposive sampling included patients of both sexes aged 18 years and older. Diagnosis relied on direct sputum smear microscopy and GeneXpert MTB/RIF molecular testing.
Results: Of 2,149 samples analysed, 583 confirmed positive cases were identified (overall frequency: 27.1%). The peak incidence was recorded in 2023 (39%), coinciding with the introduction of GeneXpert at CHU-BS. Males predominated (66.73%, n = 1,434). The most affected age group was 26-34 years (23%), with a mean age of 39 years. Leading clinical features included cough (83.2%), fever (80%), asthenia (81%), and chest pain (80%). Sociodemographically, 32% of patients had no formal education and 36% were unemployed.
Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains highly prevalent at CHU-BS. It predominantly affects young men in precarious socioeconomic conditions. GeneXpert MTB/RIF (sensitivity 98%, specificity 99%) is the diagnostic tool of choice for early case detection. Strengthening the National Tuberculosis Control Programme and scaling up molecular diagnostics across all health facilities are critical priorities to reduce Chad's TB burden and meet the WHO End TB Strategy targets by 2030.
This study aimed at examining the spatio-temporal impacts of deforestation on the East Nimba Nature Reserve (ENNR) in Liberia from 2014 to 2024 using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Upon employing a descriptive and analytical mixed-methods approach by utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS), multi-temporal Landsat imagery was analyzed to map land use/land cover (LULC) transitions. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated to evaluate ecological health, while point-based spatial sampling identified localized deforestation hotspots and encroachment patterns. LULC analysis revealed that while forest remains the primary cover type, it steadily declined from 71.1% in 2014 to 64.5% in 2024. Conversely, non-forest classes, including cropland, bare land, and built-up areas, expanded due to agricultural encroachment, settlement growth, and artisanal mining, particularly along highly accessible reserve boundaries. NDVI metrics showed a temporal decline in vegetation vigor between 2014 and 2019, followed by a localized recovery by 2024, indicating areas of ecological resilience. While the aggregated long-term NDVI trend lacked statistical significance across the entire reserve, spatially explicit modeling successfully isolated severe, site-specific degradation directly correlated with human disturbances. Conclusively, the integration of LULC and NDVI datasets demonstrates that anthropogenic land-use change drives the ecological dynamics within the East Nimba Nature Reserve (ENNR). Mitigating this degradation requires enhanced enforcement of conservation policies, targeted habitat restoration in identified hotspots, and the institutionalization of continuous satellite-based monitoring for sustainable reserve management.
This qualitative study explored secondary school teachers’ lived experiences of professional growth in relation to transforma-tional and instructional leadership within the context of Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) Domain 7 in Phil-ippine secondary schools. The study aimed to examine how leadership practices influence teachers’ motivation, instructional competence, and continuous professional development. Using a qualitative research design, data were gathered through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with secondary school teachers and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and meanings in participants’ experiences.
The findings revealed six major themes: transformational leadership as a source of motivation and trust-building; instructional leadership as structured guidance through coaching and feedback; professional growth as a continuous and self-directed pro-cess; collaborative learning as a support system for instructional improvement; contextual classroom challenges such as work-load demands and limited resources; and the integration of transformational and instructional leadership practices. Teachers reported that supportive leadership and collaborative professional environments enhanced their confidence, strengthened in-structional competence, and sustained their commitment to professional growth.
Despite challenges related to workload, classroom management, and inadequate resources, participants demonstrated resili-ence, adaptability, and dedication to improving their teaching practices. The study concludes that transformational and instruc-tional leadership are most effective when integrated, as they provide both emotional encouragement and practical instructional support. The findings highlight the importance of holistic leadership approaches in strengthening teacher development pro-grams, improving school leadership practices, and informing future educational research and policy in the Philippine educational context.
Abstract
The real answer is that most people know nothing about quantum mechanics, including those who have been indoctrinated with the ideas of Einstein and Schrödinger, whom we consider the source of all evil.
In previous articles titled [How to Generate New Mathematics - Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4; Can We Think Outside the Box?; How to Integrate Quantum Mechanics into General Relativity and Modern Physics; and Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Application], we discussed how to apply Cairo Theory statistical techniques to solve problems and generate new laws and rules in most areas of classical and quantum physics, statistics, and pure mathematics.
The world of Quantum physics is different from that of classical physics and has not yet been precisely explored or even well defined.
This article uses the same techniques to study and redefine the Schrödinger equation in particular, and the subject of quantum mechanics in general, which is often neglected or imprecisely defined.
We assume that The first step in this essential reform consists of replacing the classical Schrödinger partial differential equation of 1927,
i h(d/dt)partial [Ψ] = -h²/2m[-∇²Ψ + V(r,t)] Ψ . . . (1)
with its squared equivalent proposed by the author in 2022,
U(x,y,z,t) = D(N). U (x,y,z,t) + S … (2)
Where U(x,y,z,t) and D(N) are two Laplace matrices of order nxn and S is the source limit vector nx1.
Note that the proposed quantum PDE equation (2) describes the energy density of a quantum mechanical system, U(x,y,z,t) = ΨΨ*= Ψ^2, which is a physical quantity and has a physical meaning rather than the complex mathematical wave function Ψ.
D(N) is the transfer or transport matrix, written as follows:
D(N) = B + B² + B³ + ... + Bⁿ
in classical physics [2,3,4,5,6],
and
D(N) = Q + Q² + Q³ + ... + Qⁿ
in quantum physics [7,8,9,10].
It represents the quantum energy density diffusion coefficient.
Clearly, Q = √B [11,12]
The spatial-temporal evolution of the discrete numerical solution to the partial differential equation (2) is:
U(x,y,z, t = Ndt) = D(N).(b + S)+B^N.IC … (3)
Where IC is the initial conditions vector = U(x,y,z,0).
Equations 2 and 3 are fundamental equations in what we call New Modern Physics [2,12,16,18].
We all know that the current definition of quantum mechanics or a quantum mechanical system as any expression that explicitly contains h is a trivial, incomplete, and misleading definition.
N. Bohr once said that anyone who claims to understand quantum mechanics with Bohr interpretation is either a liar or doesn't understand it at all.
It goes without saying that the above statement applies to both N. Bohr and E. Schroeder as well.
We propose the following definition instead:
The definition or solution of any set of quantum particles or energy density distribution in a quantum system is that in which the dispersion is negative, that is, the flow of energy is directed towards the internal center of the mass.
This is one of the key issues in the subject of this article.
Finally, it is important to note that this article does not aim to diminish the significant contributions of great physicists and mathematicians such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert, Riemann, and others, but rather to address the most prominent shortcomings and limitations of their theories, where applicable.
This study investigated the lived experiences and perceptions of high school faculty members at PLT College of Guinobatan, Inc. regarding the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted tools in classroom instruction during the Academic Year 2025–2026. As educational institutions respond to rapid digital transformation, the research aimed to identify instructional benefits, technical challenges, and ethical concerns encountered by educators in a regional private school setting. Using a qualitative-phenomenological research design, the study explored how AI-driven personalization and automated administrative support influence pedagogical delivery and teacher–student interaction. The main objective was to develop a localized understanding of technology adoption that balances innovation with academic integrity.
Data were gathered through a Focused Group Discussion (FGD) involving twelve (12) purposively selected high school teachers from different subject areas. Thematic analysis revealed a prevailing sense of pragmatic optimism among participants. Findings showed that AI tools significantly improve administrative efficiency and lesson preparation, allowing teachers to focus more on instruction and student engagement. However, challenges emerged in the form of inadequate infrastructure, particularly unstable internet connectivity, and concerns about students’ over-reliance on AI-generated outputs. These issues created pedagogical tension, especially in maintaining fair and meaningful assessment practices.
The study concludes that AI functions as a supportive scaffold that enhances traditional teaching but does not replace the role of educators. Effective integration requires a “Human-in-the-Loop” approach and strengthened Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) among teachers. It further recommends the establishment of a clear AI Acceptable Use Policy and continuous teacher training programs focused on AI literacy, ethical use, and instructional innovation. Overall, the study provides localized insights into sustaining teaching with innovation while preserving academic integrity and institutional values.
Abstract
The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has profoundly reshaped modern healthcare systems by enabling intelligent, automated, and continuous patient monitoring solutions. This study introduces the design and implementation of an IoT-enabled smart healthcare monitoring framework that integrates real-time anomaly detection with mobile application support. The proposed system employs biomedical sensors to capture key physiological parameters, including heart rate, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and blood pressure. These data streams are transmitted via an ESP32 micro-controller to a cloud server, where they undergo real-time processing, storage, and analysis. A machine learning-based anomaly detection model is incorporated to identify abnormal physiological conditions and promptly trigger emergency alerts through the connected mobile application. The mobile application enhances usability by offering remote patient monitoring, instant notifications, interactive data visualization, and emergency communication features. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that the system achieved high detection accuracy, low latency, and reliable remote accessibility, thereby validating its effectiveness. By facilitating continuous monitoring and early detection of medical abnormalities, the proposed system reduces reliance on conventional hospital visits and strengthens healthcare delivery, particularly for patients requiring long-term supervision. Overall, this IoT-enabled solution highlights the potential of combining sensor technology, cloud computing, and machine learning to create scalable, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare monitoring systems.
Keywords: IoT, Smart Healthcare, Anomaly Detection, Mobile Application, Machine Learning, Real-Time Monitoring, IoMT
This study looks at the main factors that affect Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in five East African Community (EAC) countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi. The study uses data from 2010 to 2024 and applies panel data regression to determine how economic, institutional, and infrastructure factors influence FDI. FDI inflows and market size, as measured by the log of GDP, were shown to be strongly positively correlated (r = 0.802, p < 0.01). Infrastructure quality (β = 0.017, p < 0.01) and exchange rate (β = 0.356, p < 0.01) had statistically significant positive influence on economic performance, according to regression analysis, whereas institutional quality had a substantial negative association (β = −0.327, p = 0.001). 99.7% of the GDP fluctuation was explained by the model (R2 = 0.997). The study concluded that FDI, infrastructure development, and currency rate stability are crucial for enhancing economic performance in the EAC, even though institutional variables must be realigned with economic objectives. It is advised that EAC member states emphasize infrastructure investment in energy and transportation, adopt investor-friendly regulations, and use prudent monetary policy to keep exchange rates stable.
This study investigates the effectiveness of various ground grid configurations in improving the earthing system at a gas power plant forcados. The analysis of the Forcados Gas Plant electrical system, including short-circuit studies, demonstrates that the earthing protection systems are crucial for safe and reliable operation. By evaluating fault conditions at various voltage levels (11 kV, 6.6–6.9 kV, and 0.433 kV) and considering three-phase short circuits, the study identified maximum fault currents, voltage drops, and the performance of protective devices. The results allow for the optimization of protective coordination, ensuring that large and small equipment is safeguarded and that touch and step voltages remain within safe limits. Overall, the study confirms that properly designed and coordinated lightning and earthing systems enhance plant safety, equipment protection, and operational reliability, while providing the flexibility to accommodate future expansions or modifications. The methodology involves load flow analysis, short-circuit analysis, soil resistivity test using Wenner four pole method, and manual ground grid design calculation. Using the ETAP software, three different ground grid configurations are evaluated and compared in terms of performance, cost, and adherence to safety standards outlined in IEEE Std 80-2013. The analysis in reveals that all three configurations demonstrate a safe design, with actual step and touch voltages remaining below tolerable limits. ETAP evaluated the soil resistivity field measurement into two-layer soil model with the top layer having a depth of 6.775m and a resistivity of 19.279 Ωm and the lower layer having infinity depth and a resistivity of 14.19Ωm and the short circuit analysis was performed on the network using ETAP to obtain the values of line to ground fault current at forcados plants and Forcados plants where the grid is located which is 26.406 kA, X/R Ratio of 10.78, Grid resistance of 0.1329Ω, Ground potential rise of 3627.6V, Maximum Grid Current of 27.296 kA, Tolerable touch Voltage of 10,654.625V, Tolerable Step Voltage of 2,830.18V, Mesh voltage of 722.695V, Actual Step Voltage of 397.812V, Actual touch voltage of 2,031.16 V, Total fault current 26.406KA, Maximum Grid Current 27.297. Also, the gravel is chosen as the surface material because of its high resistivity of 8,534.4Ωm. as a result of the high resistivity values of the surface material which is over 400 times greater than the soil resistivity, the danger of exposure to high step and touch voltage is minimized, and the voltage for bodyweight of 70kg.
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