Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study examined the financial implications of the Unified Student Financial Assistance System for Tertiary Education (UniFAST) among student beneficiaries of Osmeña Colleges in Masbate City during School Year 2021–2022. Specifically, it described the respondents' demographic profile, assessed their level of awareness and access to the UniFAST program, determined the financial implications of the assistance, evaluated their level of satisfaction, identified the problems encountered, and proposed measures for improvement. The study employed a descriptive-survey research design using a structured questionnaire administered to 450 UniFAST grantees selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and ranking.
The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were 22 years old, female, enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science program, and had parents who were primarily farmers. Most beneficiaries learned about UniFAST through the school administration, found the application process easy, and reported receiving adequate information regarding the program. However, a majority experienced delays in the release of financial assistance. The financial support partially covered tuition fees and significantly helped beneficiaries meet other educational expenses, thereby reducing financial stress and improving academic focus. Overall, the respondents expressed a high level of satisfaction with the program and believed that UniFAST would positively influence their future career prospects. The most significant concern identified was the delayed release of stipends, while the primary recommendation was to strengthen coordination with the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to ensure timely fund disbursement.
The study concludes that UniFAST has a positive financial and academic impact on student beneficiaries, although improvements in the timeliness of financial assistance distribution are necessary to maximize its effectiveness.
Film semiotics involves the in-depth analysis of signs, symbols, soundtracks and performers’ gestures within a film. This study examines key characteristics of film semiotics in relation to plot, characters, and dialogue, focusing on the acclaimed Western film ‘‘The American’’. The pri-mary objective is to explore the cultural, power and ideological dynamics between American individualism and European aristocratic society. Employing a qualitative research approach, this study integrates Ferdinand de Saussure’ s theory of signs and symbols with Teun A. van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis (CDA). The film ‘‘The American,’’ directed by Anton Corbjin serves as the central case study. This study reveals that three types of film semiotics—visual, auditory, and narrative are predominantly employed in the film, significantly influencing the cultural, power and ideological dynamics between the American protagonist and his aristocratic European environment. All findings are grounded in linguistic and cultural studies, offering valuable insights for future research in film semiotics and cultural studies.
This study assessed the impact of Prime Cement Limited on the environment and community livelihoods in Musanze District, Rwanda, addressing the core problem of how rapid industrial expansion creates severe environmental degradation and public health risks that undermine local well-being. Employing a mixed-methods research design, quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from 400 households and 18 key informants using stratified random and purposive sampling. Quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0, while qualitative data underwent thematic interpretation using NVivo software. The statistical findings revealed that factory proximity moderately correlates with local employment securement (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), which serves as a significant predictor of short-term household income generation (β = 0.39, p < 0.05). However, manufacturing intensity simultaneously drove severe ecological degradation. Spatial metrics confirmed a net loss of 123,614 area units of forest cover, dropping the district's total biomass from 34.88% to 31.09% between 2019 and 2024. Furthermore, ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 at 35 µg/m3) and ultra-fine dust (PM1.0 at 25 µg/m3) consistently violated standard international safety thresholds, directly linking to high localized frequencies of respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic bronchitis. The study concludes that the cement plant creates a distinct structural conflict where short-term economic benefits from low-skilled jobs are continuously offset by rising medical expenses, severe land cover fragmentation, and declining agricultural productivity. Long-term sustainability requires advanced emission-trapping, quarry restoration, and equitable occupational health and safety frameworks.
This study examines the causes and consequences of the proliferation of dog meat selling points in the Nzongo neighborhood, Bumba town, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The objective was to identify the factors that promote this commercial activity and to assess its impact on public health and society.
The study used observation, interviews, and a survey questionnaire administered to 50 dog meat vendors. The findings show that this activity is mainly carried out by men and is considered profitable due to strong consumer demand, affordable prices, and the lack of control or regulation by the authorities.
The study also reveals that the proliferation of dog meat selling points has several consequences, including a decline in the dog population, an increase in dog theft, and the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases such as rabies, brucellosis, and tuberculosis due to the absence of veterinary inspection. Although dog meat provides a source of protein for consumers and income for vendors, its trade requires strict regulation to protect public health.
The study recommends that the government regulate this activity, strengthen sanitary and veterinary controls, regularly inspect dog meat selling points, and raise public awareness of the health risks associated with the consumption of dog meat.
This research aimed to study factors affecting speaking English fluency, to identify the factors affecting in speaking fluently of the Students Grade12 (7 ) and to analyze the factors affecting in speaking English fluently of the Students Grade12 ( 7 ) and analyze most fluency factors and to study the level of speaking English fluency of students Grade12 ( 7 ) at Sangha High School, Academic year 2024-2025. The method to use for collecting data was questionnaire by giving the students to answer and analyzed as a descriptive statistic by used a complete program SPSS on the computer. The result showed there are many factors affecting the students’ English-speaking fluency include motivation, enjoyment, self-confident, vocabulary; however, the most linguistic factor is vocabulary, grammar knowledge. And the most psychological factor consists of the factors as follow: motivation, enjoyment, and self-confident. The researchers suggested practicing speaking with native speaker or non-speaker as well as to improve speaking.
Key words: Affecting, English Speaking, Factors, Fluency, Students Grade12
Larissa Caroline Cayres Pereira¹, Camila Roberta Nepomuceno Atripoli², Caroline dos Santos Alcantara Oliveira³, Daniel Domingues Santos Júnior4, Ubyrajara Aquino de Castro Júnior5, Bruno Freire Moura6, Kelly Barbosa Leal Castro7, Paulo Vinicius de Oliveir
Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) has emerged as one of the leading biotechnological innovations in contemporary regenerative dentistry, offering meaningful biological advantages over synthetic grafts and conventional biomaterials. Derived exclusive-ly from the patient's autologous blood and free of anticoagulants, PRF functions as a bioactive three-dimensional scaffold that supports angiogenesis, sustained release of growth factors, and tissue regeneration. This article reviews, from a critical and evidence-based perspective, the applications of PRF in implant dentistry, with emphasis on guided bone regeneration, soft-tissue healing, and high-complexity surgical rehabilitation. It also discusses surgical-acceleration protocols based on PRF, a recent and clinically relevant extension of PRF use in the non-surgical management of peri-implant disease, and closes with a discussion of the limitations of the available evidence and directions for future research.
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a central feature of cancer, yet the principles governing the organization of malignant cell states remain incompletely understood. While single-cell transcriptomic studies have emphasized continuous cellular plasticity, it is unclear whether tumor heterogeneity is fundamentally unstructured or organized into stable regulatory programs. Here, we present a quantitative framework to address this question using single-cell RNA sequencing breast cancer data analyzed across independently processed subsets. We identify a conserved transcriptional architecture comprising three dominant programs, namely adaptive, proliferative, and stress/interferon-associated states that are reproducibly observed across data subsets. Notably, the majority of malignant cells are dominated by a single program (a single predominant transcriptional activity), while a smaller subset exhibits coordinated multi-program activation. To characterize these intermediate states, we introduce the concept of transcriptional hysteresis, defined as structured co-activation of dominant transcriptional programs. We demonstrate that multi-program activation is significantly enriched beyond random expectation and is not explained by generalized transcriptional variability. Importantly, transcriptional hysteresis is strongly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition activity, linking it to cellular plasticity. Trajectory analysis further reveals that these states persist across the transcriptional landscape rather than occurring at discrete transition points. Our findings establish transcriptional hysteresis as a quantitative measure of tumor cell plasticity and attempt to provide a unified framework reconciling discrete and continuous models of malignant cell states.
Bien qu'acculturés aux technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), les jeunes étudiants tout comme les chercheurs chevronnés se heurtent quotidiennement à d'importantes difficultés lors de la recherche d'information fiable en ligne. L'immensité du Web s'accompagne d'une instabilité chronique, d'une absence de régulation préalable et d'une surabondance documentaire.
Cet article offre un cadre d'analyse au croisement de la technique, de la culture, méthodologique et de la politique d'information pour guider l'internaute dans l'évaluation critique des ressources numériques. Il met à disposition une grille d'évaluation et une série d'indicateurs pratiques visant à guider l'internaute dans la caractérisation des sources, l'identification des intentions des auteurs et l'élaboration d'un jugement critique éclairé face aux contenus numériques.
Microplastics are emerging environmental pollutants with the potential to induce oxidative stress and tissue damage in living organisms. This study investigated the effects of polystyrene microplastic exposure on oxidative stress biomarkers in Wistar albino rats. Twenty (20) adult male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups administered low (0.1 mg/kg/day), medium (1 mg/kg/day), and high (10 mg/kg/day) doses of polystyrene microplastics orally for 28 days. Oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological changes in the liver and intestine were assessed using standard biochemical and histological methods, while data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5% level of significance. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), alongside significant reductions in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histopathological examination further showed progressive hepatic and intestinal tissue damage with increasing microplastic doses. The study concluded that chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induces oxidative stress, antioxidant depletion, inflammation, and tissue injury in Wistar albino rats. The study recommends strengthening measures to reduce environmental microplastic pollution and encouraging further research on strategies to mitigate microplastic-induced oxidative damage.
ABSTRACT
Background: Clean energy technologies can reduce the financial and time burdens associated with traditional household fuels, yet localized evidence on their socioeconomic contribution in rural Rwanda remains limited. Methods: This cross-sectional mixed-methods study examined clean-energy use and perceived household socioeconomic outcomes in Rutsiro District. A strati-fied random sample of 400 households completed a structured survey, and 10 purposively select-ed local leaders, cooperative representatives, community members, and energy-program stake-holders contributed qualitative evidence through interviews and focus-group discussions. Survey analysis included multiple-response statistics, principal component analysis, reliability testing, Pearson correlation, simple regression, moderated regression, and diagnostic tests. Qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. Results: Improved cookstoves were reported by 65.0% of households, electricity by 60.0%, solar energy by 55.0%, liquefied petroleum gas by 10.0%, and biogas by 6.3%, confirming widespread fuel and technology stacking. The clean-energy adoption index was strongly associated with the perceived household socioeconomic-development index (r = .711, p < .001). The simple regression explained 50.6% of outcome variance (adjusted R² = .505; standardized β = .711, p < .001). Although the adoption-enabling environment had a signif-icant positive main effect, its interaction with clean-energy adoption was not significant (β = .032, p = .233). Qualitative themes emphasized time savings, lower fuel expenditure, productivity opportunities, affordability constraints, uneven access, and limited awareness.
Conclusion: More intensive clean-energy use is strongly associated with perceived household socioeconomic gains, but cross-sectional self-reported data do not establish causality. Policy should combine targeted finance, reliable supply chains, user support, and gender-responsive outreach.
The article addresses violence in the school environment, specifically at School No. 26 of Mongo/Soyo, in the municipality of Soyo. Its general objective is to develop a proposal for educational activities aimed at minimizing violence in the school environment and its consequences on the teaching and learning process of 7th grade students at School No. 26 of Mongo/Soyo/2026. This is a mixed methods research with a descriptive approach. During the investigation, various methods were used, notably: analytical synthetic, inductive deductive, systemic structural functional, and statistical mathematical. Regarding data collection techniques, the questionnaire and the interview stood out. After the diagnosis, the occurrence of violence at School No. 26 of Mongo/Soyo was confirmed, and the school management has no intervention plan and carries out few activities aimed at improving the situation experienced in the school environment.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has emerged as one of the most significant technological innovations of the last decade. Through Large Language Models (LLMs), software developers now have access to tools capable of generating source code, producing technical documentation, detecting anomalies, and assisting software development processes. This study investigates the impact of generative AI on software development productivity and software quality. A comparative experimental methodology is proposed to evaluate the performance of teams using generative AI tools against teams following conventional software development approaches. Expected findings indicate significant improvements in productivity, reduced development time, and enhanced software quality indicators. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding security, reliability, and ethical concerns associated with automatically generated code.
Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, Productivity, Software Quality, Software Development, Large Language Models.
Auteur : Docteur, Ir Léon MUTALA TSHIBANGU, Doctorant Ir Patrick TSHISHIKU LUAMBUA, Ir Christophe MUYUKU KOLELE master à Strasbourg, Ir Cedrick KWETE KWETE, Ir Faustin PADINGANI TSHOMBELA, Ir Lisette KUMBIA TSHIPAMBA.
The evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has profoundly transformed educational practices in higher education institutions. Mobile phones, which have become indispensable tools in everyday life, provide students with instant access to an enormous amount of information. With the emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly conversational assistants, intelligent search systems, and automated content generation tools, learning opportunities have expanded considerably. However, these technological advances also raise concerns regarding distraction, digital dependency, reduced intellectual effort, and new forms of academic misconduct.
This study aims to analyze the challenges and risks associated with the use of mobile phones in university classrooms in the era of Artificial Intelligence. It adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to assess the patterns of use, perceptions, and impacts of these technologies on students' learning processes and academic integrity.
Keywords: Mobile phone, Artificial Intelligence, Students, Learning, Higher Education, Academic Integrity.
Breastfeeding is universally recognized as the nutritional gold standard for infants, but a growing body of evidence indicates that its benefits extend well beyond nutrition into the functional development of the stomatognathic system. This narrative review synthesiz-es current evidence (2021–2026) on the association between breastfeeding and the prevention of malocclusion, atypical swallowing (dysphagia), and speech difficulties in children, drawing on PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and institutional guidance from the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Exclusive breastfeeding, particularly when sustained for six months or longer, is consistently associated with a lower prevalence of anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, excessive overjet, dental crowding, and Class II malocclusion, and with more favorable transverse maxillary dimensions, attributable to the coordinated neuromuscular suckling pattern that mechanically stimulates palatal and maxillary growth. Breastfeeding also appears protective against atypical (tongue-thrust) swallowing and is associated with more favorable orofacial myofunctional and early speech outcomes, largely by reducing reliance on non-nutritive sucking habits such as pacifier and digit sucking, which remain the strongest independ-ent risk factor for malocclusion and dysfunctional swallowing. Findings are not entirely uniform: at least one adjusted analysis found no independent association between breastfeeding and malocclusion in the mixed dentition once non-nutritive sucking habits were accounted for, and prolonged nocturnal breastfeeding beyond 12 months has been associated with increased malocclusion risk in one recent cohort. Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is identified as an important confounder and comorbid condition affecting both breast-feeding and later speech outcomes. Overall, the evidence supports integrating breastfeeding counseling into routine pediatric dental and speech-language pathology practice as a low-cost, primary preventive strategy, while highlighting the continued need for stand-ardized, longitudinal research.
Kenya's reintroduction of multiparty politics in 1991 has coincided, somewhat counterintuitively, with a persistent pattern of electoral volatility that successive rounds of institutional reform have failed to eliminate. This article proposes the dialectic of sacrifice and gain as a framework for understanding electoral conflicts in Kenya. It argues that Kenyan political elites are bound by two imperatives that pull in opposite directions yet depend on one another for their fulfillment. The first, the call of sacrifice, requires elites to present themselves as moral custodians of their communities, drawing legitimacy from narratives of suffering and redemptive service. The second, the imperative of gain, requires the same elites to capture state resources in order to finance the patronage networks that sustain their political base. Because the sacrifice promised to supporters can only be delivered through the gain extracted from the state, the loss of political office comes to be experienced as both economic ruin and communal betrayal, and elections take on the character of existential contests rather than routine transfers of administrative authority. This article traces this dialectic from the Kenyatta and Moi eras through the 2007–2008 post-election crisis to the devolved political order established after 2010, arguing that decentralization has multiplied rather than resolved the sites of conflict. We conclude that lasting stability requires decoupling political survival from state predation, so that the pursuit of power can be reoriented toward service rather than resource accumulation.
Keywords: Kenya, electoral conflict, multiparty politics, patronage, state capture, devolution
Across centuries, women’s systemic marginalization and socio-cultural invisibility have remained critical subjects of inquiry, particularly within the socio-historical background of Victorian England. While canonical realism has long attempted to document these social realities, the representation of women remains inevitable by the very patriarchal frameworks it seeks to expose. Charles Dickens faithfully captures the voicelessness and spatial confinement of 19th-century women in Oliver Twist, yet his portrayal frequently reduces women to passive, faceless entities relegated to the domestic sphere. In response to this traditional portrayal, 20th-century revisionist writer Sylvia Townsend Warner undertakes a reverse voyage in The True Heart through retro fiction. Warner reinterprets and reframes Dickens’s depiction of female inconspicuousness, arguing that, the conditions of women’s invisibility were far more pervasive than early realist literature acknowledged. This paper investigates the dialogic interaction between Dickens’s Victorian realism and Warner’s modern historical revisionism. Methodologically, the study is grounded in Julia Kristeva’s theory of Intertextuality alongside Mikhail Bakhtin’s Dialogism to analyse how Warner’s narrative actively dialogues with Dickens’ Oliver Twist. Furthermore, the analysis utilizes Elaine Showalter’s feminist critique and Harold Bloom’s concept of the Anxiety of Influence as investigative apparatuses to evaluate how Warner contend with, subvert, and rewrite Dickens’ narrative. Ultimately, this paper argues that female invisibility in 19th-century England was not just an external imposition by institutionalized male dominance. Rather, it demonstrates how specific female figures, operating as complicit agents within patriarchal structures, actively reinforced and perpetuated the very macho-institutions that sustained women’s subjection.
Keywords: Women’s Invisibility, 19th-century, Dialogism, Intertextuality
Financial markets are increasingly challenged to reconcile the theoretical premise of the Efficient Market Hypothesis with the empirical reality of exploitable return patterns, particularly in the context of rapidly advancing artificial intelligence. This study investigates whether AI-based trading strategies can generate statistically significant abnormal returns relative to conventional technical analysis benchmarks across twenty major equity indices, comprising ten developed markets, namely the United States, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, and ten emerging markets, namely Turkey, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, South Africa, Egypt, India, and Pakistan, over the period 2015 to 2025. Drawing on the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the Adaptive Market Hypothesis, the analysis applies three machine learning and deep learning models, namely Random Forest, XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory networks, alongside traditional technical indicators including the Relative Strength Index, Moving Average Convergence Divergence, Stochastic Oscillator, and Williams %R. Trading strategies are simulated on a strictly out-of-sample testing window spanning 2023 to 2025, and evaluated using annualised return, Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, maximum drawdown, and win rate. Formal weak-form efficiency tests encompassing the Runs Test, Hurst Exponent, and Variance Ratio Test are applied to the full return series of each market to characterise its efficiency profile. Panel data regression with fixed effects is subsequently employed across all twenty markets to test whether AI-generated signals carry statistically significant explanatory power for portfolio returns beyond conventional technical indicators. Results are expected to reveal that AI models, particularly LSTM and XGBoost, generate superior risk-adjusted returns in less efficient emerging markets, while performing comparatively modestly in highly liquid developed market environments, thereby providing empirical support for the Adaptive Market Hypothesis and demonstrating the differential capacity of artificial intelligence to exploit market-specific informational inefficiencies across a broad and heterogeneous cross-country sample.
Abstract
Renewable Energy with a Specialization in Solar and Wind System Maintenance" addresses the growing importance of sustainable energy sources for the development of a clean and efficient energy mix. Solar and wind energy stand out for being renewable, abundant, and having a low environmental impact. Specializing in this field equips professionals to handle the installation, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of solar photovoltaic plants and wind farms, ensuring system efficiency, safety, and longevity. Furthermore, the training covers technical knowledge regarding components, fault diagnosis techniques, automation, and technological innovation, thereby contributing to the advancement of the renewable energy sector and promoting the transition to more sustainable energy sources.
The research examines the impact of federalism on national unity in Somalia, focusing on its implications for peace building, political instability, and territorial integrity. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of federalism in fostering national cohesion among Somalia’s complex clan-based political landscape. Specifically, it evaluates federalism's role in addressing challenges related to governance, stability, and inter-clan conflicts. A descriptive survey research design was employed, utilizing quantitative methods to gather and ana-lyze data. The target population consisted of 80 individuals, including government officials, political analysts, civil society representatives, and students. A sample size of 67 respondents was determined using Slovin’s formula, ensuring statistical validity and representation. The study used structured questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument, emphasizing validity and reliability through pre-testing. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). The findings reveal that while federalism has potential as governance clan-based divisions, leading to fragmented territorial integrity and political instability, have hindered framework, its implementation in Somalia. The study also highlights the limited success of federalism in peace building efforts, underscoring the need for inclusive dialogue and equitable resource sharing. In conclusion, while federalism offers a pathway toward decentralized governance, its current model in Somalia exacerbates existing divisions. The study recommends policy reforms to strengthen federal institutions, pro-mote national dialogue, and foster unity through inclusive governance practices. Enhanced collaboration among political stakeholders and international support is crucial to address the underlying challenges and achieve sustainable national unity
The Democratic Republic of Congo is experiencing a structural environmental crisis linked to the proliferation of plastic waste. In Kinshasa alone, an estimated 3,060 tons of plastic are generated daily, with a recovery rate below 2%. This situation generates major negative externalities : increased vulnerability to flooding, contamination of aquatic ecosystems, health risks, and economic losses estimated at USD 17.1 million per year. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the plastic crisis in the DRC, measure its impacts, and propose a transition model towards a circular economy. The methodology is based on a mixed approach: documentary analysis, exploitation of data from the Kinshasa City Hall 2024, and a study of 3 local initiatives. The results reveal an economic potential of USD 279 million/year and strong social support : 78% of households are in favor of source separation. The study concludes that only a combination of strong regulation, infrastructure investment, and innovative financing will make it possible to transform the constraint into an opportunity for sustainable development.
Key Words: Age of plastic, DRC, Plastic pollution, Circular economy, Environmental governance, Kinshasa
Abstract
With 17.2 million inhabitants in 2024 and an annual growth rate of 5.1%, Kinshasa is the fastest growing city in Central Africa [INS-RDC, 2024]. This demographic growth is accompanied by a collapse of basic urban services: 60% shortage in drinking water, 350 MW electricity deficit, 17,000 tons of waste/day with only 28% collection rate, 88% unpaved roads, and a housing deficit of 1.7 million units [World Bank, 2023]. This paper proposes the "5P Model" to transform Kinshasa into a modern, resilient and sustainable capital by 2050. Results show that $18 billion investment over 10 years is needed. Without immediate action, the city will face a collapse of basic services by 2030.
Key Words : Kinshasa, Urbanisation, Résilience urbaine, Développement durable, Infrastructures, Gouvernance métropolitaine.
Abstract
Background: Malaria, primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a global health crisis, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine represents a milestone in malaria control. This systematic review evaluates the quality, quantity, and durability of the immune response to the RTS,S vaccine in children living in endemic regions.
Methods
This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202511042EE28). A systematic search was conducted between July and September 2025 across PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and the Virtual Health Library. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or derived studies published between 2010 and 2025 involving Sub-Saharan African children (P) receiving at least one dose of RTS,S (I) compared to controls (C) to evaluate immune responses against the Circumsporozoite Protein (O). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.
Results: From 526 identified records, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated a low risk of bias. 24 studies confirmed high anti-CSP IgG titers, with a predominance of cytophilic subclasses IgG1 and IgG3, which strongly correlate with protection. High levels of IgA and IgM were also associated with reduced malaria incidence. Vaccination induced significant CD4+ T cell responses and increased production of cytokines, specifically TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-2. Post-vaccination IgG prevalence reached 99.7%–100% one month after the third dose, significantly higher than natural infection levels. Antibody titers peaked one month after the third dose and waned progressively after the first year. While IgG maintained high avidity without a booster, annual booster doses were necessary to sustain high protective titers over four years.
Conclusion: The RTS,S vaccine effectively mobilizes both humoral and cellular immune pathways, including IgG1, IgG3, CD4+ T cells, and Th1 cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-2). Despite moderate efficacy against clinical morbidity, the vaccine is immunologically robust and safe, though booster doses are essential for maintaining long-term protection in endemic settings.
Keywords: RTS,S vaccine, Malaria, Circumsporozoite Protein, Systematic Review, Immune Response, Sub-Saharan Africa
Les environnements immersifs (réalité virtuelle, augmentée et mixte) ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour l’éducation et la formation. Toutefois, en Afrique, leur adoption soulève des défis spécifiques liés à la souveraineté numérique, à l’inclusion et à l’adaptation aux réalités locales. Trop souvent, les systèmes d’apprentissage immersif sont importés sans contextualisation, reproduisant des modèles pédagogiques étrangers et renforçant la dépendance technologique. Cet article propose une réflexion critique et prospective sur la contextualisation des environnements immersifs dans l’enseignement supérieur africain. Trois dimensions principales sont explorées : (1) la souveraineté numérique (hébergement local, gouvernance des données, cybersécurité institutionnelle), (2) la contextualisation pédagogique et culturelle (intégration des langues locales, valorisation du patrimoine africain, adaptation aux contraintes d’infrastructures), et (3) l’inclusion et l’accessibilité (solutions frugales, interopérables et accessibles aux étudiants des zones rurales ou à faible connectivité). S’appuyant sur des expériences menées en République Démocratique du Congo et en Afrique francophone, l’article propose des modèles hybrides et enracinés pour un apprentissage immersif souverain, inclusif et poétique. Il soutient que l’Afrique ne doit pas seulement adopter les technologies immersives, mais les réinventer à son image, comme un prolongement vivant de son identité collective.
En République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), la mobilité urbaine au sein de la métropole de Kinshasa constitue un déterminant critique du développement socio-économique. La prolifération des congestions routières (embouteillages) y ralentit la productivité, détériore la santé publique et entrave la planification territoriale. La présente étude analyse la dynamique systémique de la congestion routière kinois en articulant une approche socio-historique, infrastructurelle et empirique. Sur la base d'enquêtes de terrain et de relevés de trafic effectués sur les principaux axes structurants de Kinshasa, nous modélisons les causes fondamentales du phénomène (explosion démographique non régulée, sous-dimensionnement et dégradation des voies, déficit de transports collectifs massifs, urbanisation informelle et faiblesses institutionnelles de la régulation). Les résultats mettent en évidence une perte moyenne de 2,4 heures par usager et par jour dans les transports, générant un surcoût carburant de 35 % pour les opérateurs de transport et une dégradation mesurable de la qualité de l'air. Enfin, nous formulons une feuille de route stratégique et opérationnelle échelonnée à court, moyen et long terme, appuyée par l'intégration de systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) et d'infrastructures lourdes intermodales.
This study examines the overall socio-economic impact of the 2018 revision of the Mining Code in Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The main objective is to assess the economic and social effects of this reform on local populations. A quantitative survey was conducted among 118 respondents from several territories of the province. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata 18 software through descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.
The findings indicate that 72.03% of respondents perceive the reform as having a positive overall impact. The main benefits include increased income, improved employment opportunities, and the development of local infrastructure financed through mining royalties. However, significant challenges remain, particularly environmental degradation, health-related concerns, and the persistence of community conflicts. The study concludes that the revision of the Mining Code has contributed to the socio-economic development of Lualaba Province, although additional efforts are required to ensure a more equitable and sustainable distribution of mining benefits.
Keywords: Mining Code, Socio-economic impact, Lualaba Province, Local development
This study examines maladaptive behaviours among students at HEIWA School Complex in the city of Bandundu and their effects on the school climate and teachers' perceptions. In response to the growing incidence of indiscipline, disrespect toward teachers, classroom disruption, and absenteeism, the study seeks to identify the main contributing factors and assess their impact on teaching quality. A qualitative approach was adopted using a purposive sample of 50 participants. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis.
The findings indicate that maladaptive behaviours are mainly associated with insufficient parental supervision, peer influence, socio-economic constraints, and weaknesses in the school environment. These behaviours negatively affect learning outcomes, weaken teacher-student relationships, and deteriorate the overall school climate. The study recommends strengthening school-family collaboration, implementing preventive behavioural programmes, providing continuous teacher training in classroom management, and establishing psycho-pedagogical support services to promote a positive and effective learning environment.
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