Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
The industrial progress that occurred during the past two centuries (given the huge increase in the number of people) led to the emergence of pollution in all ecosystem types. It is likely that the common cold evolved into flu viruses which mutated into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), then Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and finally coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its all strains under pollution conditions. This study can be contributed to a better understanding of COVID-19 evolution and its relationship with environmental pollution. Environmental pollution led to a lot of damage to plants, animals, and finally human health. This can represent the indirect cause of the transformation of the flu virus into COVID-19 over the long term. The cumulative effects of environmental pollution over several centuries contributed largely to the COVID-19 virus emergence. Re-assortment of viral genomes of COVID-19 derived from incubation of different flu strains with SARS-CoV by using overloaded iron (Fe2+) can represent the mysterious role in the evolution of flu to COVID-19 over a long period. As pollution propagation through the food chain, humans will suffer from the concentration of pollutants in their bodies and will be the entrance to viral evolution in the future.
Malnutrition is most prevalent in children under the age of five. It is associated with infections, explaining the important role attributed to it in more than 50% of the 12 million child deaths per year. The rate in Rusizi District is higher than the national average of malnutrition. Therefore, the main problem of this study is the existence of the discrepancy between the efforts made by the government of Rwanda with her partners to reduce malnutrition among under five years children in general and in Rusizi District in particular and the mitigating results obtained. This study aimed at examining the factors influencing malnutrition among under five years children in Rusizi District and to propose adequate solutions to overcome malnutrition among under five years children. A cross sectional survey was conduct in Rusizi district on children under five years old and applied quantitative research design approaches. The sample size was derived from 22,844 households with children less than five years recorded in different Sectors of Rusizi District. 393 households as sample size were surveyed. The questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection. The respondents were given a consent form to be filled as a sign of voluntarily willing to participate in the study. They have been informed that their opinion will be kept in a strict confidentiality. They were assured that there is no risk in participating in the study. Bivariate analysis together with multivariate analysis has been performed to assess the relationship and the strength of association. Concerning objective one, the findings revealed that the mothers who are aged between 20-40 years have double chances of having malnourished children compared to mothers aged over 40 years with 44.2%, X^2=16.646, p<0.000. The children with inter birth order of less than two years have double chances of being malnourished compared to those who have an inter birth order of more than two years with 50.2%, x^2=18.382, p<0.000. The mothers who have no formal education have three times chances of having malnourished children compared to those who have done more studies with AoR(CI)=2.969(1.352-6.518), p<0.007. The mothers who are occupied in farming activities have three times chances of having malnourished children compared to those who have other occupations with AoR(CI)=3.205(2.010-5.108), p<0.000 and the children of households with less than 5 members have five times less chances of being malnourished compared to those whose families have more than 8 members with AoR(CI)=0.264(0.128-0.544), p<0.000. concerning objective two, the mothers who used Breastfeeding have one out of five chances of having a malnourished child compared to those who use artificial feeding with AoR(CI)=0.238(0.155-0.366), p<0.000. The households that have no access to clean water have are less likely of having malnourished children compared to those that have access to clean water, AoR(CI)=0.013(0.0.003-0.030), p<0.000 and this situation is almost the same for the families that have no Sanitation facilities, Flooring and solid waste disposal, Disposal of children feces and Hand washing practices. Their situation varies in proportions equating to their respective odds. The government should strengthen its family planning policy with an emphasis on adequate space between pregnancies. The support to venerable families should be strengthened. Also, the government should increase the number of household with access to clean water. Key words: Malnutrition, Wasting, Stunting, Underweight, under five children
The aim of this dissertation is to gather more knowledge about the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in five Commercial Banks in Iringa region, based on Iringa Municipality. Recently, the market of the services provided by the corporations is highly competitive compared to previous, and the customer expectation of such a service is growing. The organizations particularly banks should emphasis more on the services that they provide to their customers in order to satisfy the customer so that they will achieve their goals. The foremost determination of this dissertation is to explore on Effect of Services Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Tanzania Banking industry. The study is quantitative research in nature. Structured questionnaire are used in the process of data collection from the respondent. The theoretical framework that has been used in this dissertation is SERVIQUAL model developed by Parasuraman (1998) with a five dimensions that measuring the quality of the services that offered by the entire bank. Software SPSS 16.0 version was used to analyse. Data assembled from the respondents. The findings of the study indicate that the customer of all five Commercial Banks was satisfied with the services provided by the entire bank. But respondents ask for the Commercial Bank to expand their services into other places and not centred only in town.
Togbota-Agué is a village of the district of Togbota located in the district of Adjohoun at South-Benin, sheltering a population of monkeys cercopithèques, endemic primates of Dahomey-Gap. This study is undertaken for a best knowledge of the potentials of the cercopithèques to maintain the utility of the forest fragments. The objective of this study is to show the importance of the primates in the conservation of the biodiversity through the dissemination of seeds in the village of Togbota-Agué. The adopted methodological approach consisted in carrying out socio-economic surveys in real medium, phytosociological and ethnobotanic statements near 50 bordering populations in order to record information into the diet of the primates, of the visits were carried out in the forest in order to identify the consumed species and droppings, the zones of occurrence of the habitats and how is made the dissemination of seeds by the species. The collected data were treated using PC software Word and of the spreadsheet Excel 2010. The results obtained reveal that 31 vegetable species were inventoried like food resources of the primates. They are divided into 31 kinds and 20 families. The most representative families are Leguminosae-Caesalpiniaceae (9,67 %), Melastomaceae (6,45 %), Rubiceae (9,67 %) and Sapotaceae (6,45 %). What made it possible to identify three types of mode of dissemination of seeds by the primates: the synzoochorie, the ear-zoochorie and the endo-zoochorie This study will undoubtedly make it possible to know the potentials roles which the primates in the dissemination of seeds for a better conservation of the species play. Key words : Togbota, habitats, dissemination, diet, primates, spread.
Terrestrial radioactivity measurement was carried out along Bitumen Belt of Ondo State, Nigeria using a well calibrated radiation meter (Radalert 100) and a geographical positioning system GPS (Garmin GPS 72H) for GIS mapping of the area. Radiological health risk parameters and effective dose to different organs of the body were estimated in thirteen communities including Agbabu, Loda, Irele and Ode-Aye towns. Measured exposure rates in the study area ranged from 0.0083 ± 0.002 mRh−1 (Loda) to 0.0182 ± 0.005 mRh−1 (Omotosho) with overall mean value of 0.012 ± 0.004 mRh−1. The computed absorbed dose rates ranged from 72.21 ± 14.15 nGyh-1 (Loda) to 158.90 ± 42.63 nGyh-1 (Omotosho) with mean value of 108.31 ± 33.75 nGyh-1. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) for the LGAs was 0.17±0.05 mSvy-1, while the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was (0.58 ± 0.17) x10-3. The dosage to organs received indicated that testes have the highest dose of 0.11mSvy-1, while liver have the lowest dose values of 0.06mSvy-1. Of all the estimated risk parameters, exposure rate in Okitipupa LGA, average absorbed dose rates and mean ELCR for the study area were found to be higher than the safe world standards while all other risk parameters were found to be below the safe world standards. Hence the exposure may not constitute any immediate health risk to the resident of the study area. Keywords: Excess Life Cancer Risk, Exposure Rate, absorbed dose, Background Ionizing Radiation, Radalert-100, Bitumen, Ondo
The study analyzed changes in protected forests spatial extent between 1986 and 2021 in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Primary data acquisition involved downloading imageries of years 1986, 2000, 2017 and 2021 of Akwa Ibom state. The integrated spatial technologies of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing were deployed for the study. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized for the study. The primary data source engaged downloading a 4-time series imagery of years 1986, 2000, 2017 and 2021 of Landsat TM and ETM with 30m x 30m resolution. The downloaded imageries were processed using the supervised classification method to extract the vector data from the raster map in ArcGIS 10.5 environment. Descriptive statistics inform of Tables were used for data presentation. The results showed that the total coverage area of all the identified thirty one protected forests (31 polygons) in the study area was 2365.26km2 in 1986 which reduced in spatial coverage (km2) and fragmented into forty two (42) polygons in the year 2000 with coverage area of 1184.84km2 and further reduced and fragmented into fifty three (53) polygons with coverage area of 969.57km2 in the year 2017 and then in year 2021 with 51 polygons (fragments) the spatial extent was 797.01km2. Findings revealed that the protected areas were significantly degraded in size between 1986 and 2021. Since reduction in size means reduction in the economic importance of plants; the study recommended amongst others that indiscriminate tree felling and vegetation removal should be regulated through environmental laws for conservation of protected forests in the study area
Online teaching methods have been followed by world Wide for more than a decade to the needs of students who stay far away from universities/colleges. But during the COVID-19 pandemic period, online education helped almost all universities, colleges, and affiliated students. To find the effectiveness of online teaching methods for university, college and school students by conducting an online survey we made an attempt. A questionnaire has been specially designed among university and college students. About 300 students from universities, colleges, and schools have taken part in the survey and submitted their responses. It is found that the animations, digital collaborations with peers, video lectures delivered by faculty handling the subject, online quiz having multiple-choice questions, availability of student version software, conducive.
Almost every household in Metro Manila owns or has access to smartphones nowadays. In most cases, the smartphone is now used to supplement work activities. Due to the smartphone’s demand among work from home employees, the researchers were interested in finding the relationship of psychological traits namely locus of control, social interaction anxiety, need for touch, and materialism with the compulsive usage of smartphones among work-from-home employees currently residing in NCR Plus. The study used the ‘Theory of Planned Behavior’ as the framework for identifying four independent variables namely locus of control, social interaction anxiety, need for touch, and materialism. The effects of these were observed in three dependent variables namely compulsive smartphone usage, motivation, and technostress. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive-Correlational Design was employed to determine smartphone use and dependence of work-from-home employees on compulsive smartphone usage, which leads to either motivation in working or technostress. Based on statistical results, materialism has the highest score leading to compulsive smartphone usage, while the locus of control had the lowest score. All other psychological traits have statistically significant values on compulsive smartphone usage, with the exception of the locus of control and social interaction anxiety, which got an insignificant result. With these results, the researchers noted high self-control in smartphone use among the 94 respondents of the study. Respondents with a need for touch trait tend to engage more time on their smartphones. Materialism was also noted among the respondents due to the social impact of possessing a smartphone. Furthermore, the relationship between compulsive smartphone usage and technostress and the relationship between compulsive smartphone usage and motivation to work is statistically significant. Thus, the researchers conclude that compulsive usage of smartphones has a negative effect, particularly technostress on the respondents.
Almatov I.M. Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Sciences, Senior Research Fellow University of Geological Sciences State Institution "Institute of Mineral Resources"
. Oil shales are used as fuel, their products are used as fuel, raw materials for the chemical industry and the building materials industry; solid wastes of mining, enrichment and processing - raw materials for the building materials industry. The most advanced technology is "Galoter" and "Petroter", since these processes have a minimal impact on the environment and a maximum yield of target products of 90-93%. The main part of oil shales consists of complex hydromica. Integrated processing of oil shale from the Aktau deposit will provide the republic with oil products, non-ferrous, rare and rare earth element
This study examined the effect of corporate governance on financial reporting quality of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design and secondary data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the six (5) sampled firms for the period 2011 to 2020 (10 years). The data collected for the study were statistically treated using multiple regression technique. The study found that gender diversity and board size have insignificant effects on financial reporting quality of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria while Audit Committee Size has a significant impact on financial reporting quality of listed conglomerates. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends that; priority should be given to corporate governance indicators by some of these companies as these indicators in the long run will help to improve the quality of financial reporting. The implication of the finding is that if the indicators of corporate governance are not improved upon, shareholders’ confidence as to the quality of financial reports will no longer be guaranteed. Key words: Corporate Governance, Financial Reporting Quality, Gender Diversity, Audit Committee, Board Size.
A market is one of the places that noise levels have to be investigated. This is to enable checks to be made on the level of adverse health effects that the market people are exposed to. This research therefore presents evaluation of the health effect of market noise in Uyo Capital City, Nigeria. Four markets (M1, M2, M3 and M4) were selected and measurements were taken at ten locations of each market. The results revealed that M4 had the highest average noise level of 81.59 dBA while M2 had the lowest noise level of 69.68 dBA. The results indicated that the respective average noise levels of M1 and M3 t were 76.75dBA and 73.57dBA. It was observed that all the data obtained were higher than the WHO and other standard values. Hence, there is high risk of adverse health effect. Therefore, time of exposure should be controlled by the market people.
Background: Though the availability of safe, effective and acceptable HBV vaccine, Hepatitis B continues to be of the global health threat in endemic zones including Sub-Sahara Africa. Hepatitis B virus is one of the two pathogens proved to be linked with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) second to HPV. Hepatitis B and NCDs share that common characteristics of being prevalent among adults and limited studies were found on determina-tion of hepatitis B prevalence among NCD patients. Methods: The cross sectional study with quantitative approach was used.The target population was 1522 NCD patients in Burera District. The prevalence of hepatitis B were determined using results from secondary data of blood samples collected during mass campaign of hepatitis B screening among NCD patients conduct-ed by Burera district in collaboration with RBC from October to December 2019. During data collection, a designed checklist was used to identify possible associated factors and SPSS were used to analyze the data. Analysis was descriptive statistics for determining the socio-demographic and economic characteristics. The multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors. The results were considered to be significant for p-value <0.05. Results: The results showed that Prevalence of Hepatitis B among NCD patients in Burera district was 2.30%. The multiple regression analysis found three factors being strongly associated with HBV: ever been op-erated [AOR =1.749; 95%CI = 0.705-4.342, p=0.028], sharing personal materials and needles [AOR =2.147; 95%CI =0.683-6.745, p=0.024], and history of blood transfusion [AOR =3.27; 95%CI = 1.95-5.43, p<0.001]. Conclusion: Screening blood donors, improved hygiene, behavior change and education are of a paramount importance to reduce the morbidity and mortality of hepatitis B.
At the end of our analysis, it emerges that business incubation in Burkina Faso constitutes an effective solution for the sustainability of entrepreneurship provided that the political powers (the State) are genuinely involved by providing subsequent support. to Incubators according to the rule of the art while ensuring that the leaders of the Incubators and the incubated companies are disciplined and spirit of the patriotic spirit. There is indeed no better way to solve unemployment problems and economic challenges than entrepreneurship. However, we need a hierarchy, namely starting with agricultural and pastoral entrepreneurship, then semi-industrialization to lead to real industrialization while knowing that the tertiary sector (marketing) is present in the whole process. In a country bruised by terrorism, COVID 19 and where governance is slipping (ministers accused of being in mismanagement, in particular purchases of company vehicles at exorbitant prices), can we really do business incubation? a priority capable of boosting entrepreneurship and sustainable development?
Terrorism is a serious threat to security and stability in West Africa, particularly in its Sahelo-Saharan strip. Today, it has become a plague, a hemorrhage that is emptying Africa of its end. Thus, to face this situation, which is complex, transnational, underhanded and evolving, a number of efforts and initiatives (political, socio-economic and security) have been implemented by the various countries which are confronted with it. These efforts have also been accompanied by much needed, but somewhat laborious regional cooperation. African initiatives have benefited from the assistance provided by international bilateral and multilateral partners. At a time when the evolution of terrorist rage and to a certain extent its anchoring in this part of the continent is a source of concern, particularly with the situation in northern Mali, Niger, Nigeria and now in Burkina Faso, it is necessary to carry out a review and analysis of the various responses. that have so far been made. From the outset, it emerges from these initiatives that sincere and effective regional cooperation is of even greater importance, as well as the strengthening of the operational capacities of the defense and security forces of the countries concerned. One could also wonder about the efficiency and effectiveness of the various military and security assistance actions. These are all factors which, in addition or precisely because of the complexity of the phenomenon, limit the impact of the fight against terrorism. According to surveys, new partnerships (in which Ruissie enjoys a great deal of support and conversely, the image of France is painted in black) and new actions including the organization in Groups like the G5, in Zones or Regions and the entrepreneurship of young people and women are necessary to better fight terrorism in Africa. It follows that there are no magic solutions but that synergies must be created in each region to achieve them. However, this does not mean the end of terrorism in the very short term.
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