Volume 10, Issue 12, December 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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IMPACT OF E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES ON THE PROFITABILITY OF SELECTED BANKS IN RWANDA: A case of Banque Populaire du Rwanda Plc, Bank of Kigali Plc, Equity Bank Plc and I&M Bank Plc 2017-2021 []


The financial services sector is growing at a very fast rate especially with the grant of universal banking licenses to major banks in the country. This growth has created the need and driven the interests of commercial banks on e- business. E-business is no longer considered as an option by commercial banks but a must in order to remain competitive. The objective of this study was to analysis the effect of Internet banking transactions on profitability of selected banks. It also investigated the effect of mobile banking transactions on profitability of selected banks and found out the effect of smart cards banking transactions on profitability of selected banks. Secondary data were collected from selected banks financial statements. Data analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The descriptive statistics used to analyse the descriptive data while inferential statistics used to analyse the relationship between variables. The adoption of electronic business technologies has enhanced the fortune of the Rwandan commercial banks. This was especially achieved through charges on the use of debit cards and ATM withdrawal charges; the electronic business technologies have improved the bank customer relationship by rendering effective services throughout the day and night in every week. Customers can now have access to their account outside working hours to make withdrawal to attend to their needs mostly through mobile banking and smart cards than internet banking transactions. Electronic business technologies have greatly impacted the profitability of selected banks. The use of smart cards banking, mobile money banking and internet banking have revealed that the market share of selected banks, has increased, the return on asset of selected banks, has increased, the return on equity has increased, the return on investment has increased, the commission fees has increased, the net profit margin of selected banks, has increased, the working capital of selected banks has increased. The value of adjusted R squared was 0.819 an indication that there was variation of 81.9% on profitability level of selected banks in Rwanda due to changes in Internet banking, mobile banking transactions and electronic banking transactions at 95% confidence interval meaning that when electronic business technologies is enhanced, the profitability of commercial banks increase.

Inventory control management and business performance in Rwandan manufacturing sector a case of sulfo []


The main purpose of this research was to analyze Inventory Management and Business Performance in manufacturing Sector. The research was guided by the following specific objectives: i) to study effect of information technology on the business performance ii) to analyses effect of inventory forecasting on business performance iii) To examine effect of inventory technique on business performance. Descriptive research was used in this study. The total population for this study was be 700 persons from whom a sample of 255 respondents was calculated using Yamane formula. The purposive sampling technique used to select the participants. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression. Alternative hypothesis was accepted because there is significance change 0.021 of business performance due to information technology, there is also 0.000 significance change of business performance because of inventory forecasting lastly an alternative hypothesis was accepted due to 0.043 significance change of business performance because of inventory technique .They should always use inventory forecasting method, also they should update Information technology software and providing periodical Trainings to all inventory staff. This have been provided to SULFO as recommendations.

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT TO IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT CLASS I IMMIGRATION OFFICE TPI KENDARI []


This study aims to determine and analyze the development of human resources in improving the performance of employees at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. The informants in this study were five people. The data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. While the analytical tool used is qualitative data analysis techniques using triangulation techniques. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that education and training have been carried out properly so that they can improve employee performance at the Immigration Office Class 1 TPI Kendari which is good in terms of quality, quantity, time, cost, service orientation, commitment, work initiative, cooperation, and leadership.

ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION IKENI LAPAK SERVICE INNOVATION TO IMPROVING SERVICE QUALITY IN CLASS I IMMIGRATION TPI OFFICE KENDARI []


This study aims to determine the implementation of the Ikeni Lapak service innovation at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari and how the impact of the Ikeni Lapak service innovation in improving the quality of service at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. This study uses a qualitative descriptive type. This study uses the theory of Sangkala (2013), namely that there are 5 (five) innovation strategies in the government sector including integrated services, service decentralization, service monitoring, utilization of cooperation, citizen involvement, utilization of communication, and information technology. The data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in general, the implementation of the Ikeni Lapak service innovation has gone well, it can be seen that the Ikeni Lapak service has been integrated and has provided positive benefits for society and institutions, besides that collaboration has been involved all elements of good governance and support from various sectors has been fulfilled.

he impacts of capital structure strategies on financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria: A comparative study []


ABSTRACT This study examines the impacts of capital structure strategies on financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria: A comparative study. A regressions analysis was used for the analysis of the data and pre-estimation tests were carried out. 11 firms were randomly chosen from each of manufacturing sector and healthcare sector. Data were obtained from the yearly financial reports of the selected listed firms on the Market Price per Share (MPS), Equity Ratio (EQR), Dividend per Share (DPS) and Debt Ratio (DR) covering a period of 10 year, from 2012 -2021 to test for relationship that exists between capital structures and market values in manufacturing sector and healthcare sector. The findings of this study showed that the explanatory variables (EQR and DPS) in both sectors have significant positive relationships with dependent variable (MPS) while DR has significant positive relationships in both firms but the impacts of capital structure strategies on financial performance in healthcare sector is better than that of manufacturing sector. It was discovered that the impacts of capital structure on market values differ between these two sectors in the Nigerian economy. The study recommends that management of firms pay particular attention to equity in the capital structure (which results show has negative effect on market value).Key words: Capital structure; Market values; Optimal mix of capital

The Use of Financial Management Practices in Social Media Businesses in the Philippines []


Financial management is an important aspect of the financial industry. This is because it deals with the management of investments and savings for people who have a high level of wealth. The Philippines has a growing number of wealthy individuals (Statista Research Department, 2022), which means that there are many opportunities for social media businesses to cater to these individuals. This paper will evaluate the current financial management practices in social media businesses in the Philippines based on their demographic profile and their perception of using the social media businesses. It will also seek out for the effectiveness, conveniences and satisfactory of social media users related to financial aspects. Furthermore, it will try to find the perceptions of every respondent in financial management planning and cost-effective analysis. This study used a descriptive quantitative research design. The descriptive method of research, according to Creswell (1994), is used to gather information about the current situation. As per Creswell (2012, p. 274), the purpose of the descriptive method is to find a detailed explanation and description about the object of the research systematically. The purpose of descriptive studies is to describe individuals, events, or conditions as they exist in nature. The study focused on Social Media users for business in the Philippines. At least 100 respondents were targeted in this study. Purposive sampling was used in determining the respondents. According to Crossman (2019), this is a method of selecting respondents based on their understanding and the objective of the analysis. Therefore, the participants were selected because on their background in irrigation projects. The researcher used both indirect and direct methods to gather the data needed for the study. Selection of respondents, questionnaire design and distribution of questionnaires are included in the survey application. In order to determine the results of the research study, the researchers administered survey questionnaires to the respondents.

The In-class theater as a neural promoter of reward networks []


In a world where learning is offered to all, the attitude of the consumer learner tends to dominate the school environment. Art, especially theatre, comes as a living tool to stimulate learning and to act on the learner's performance, especially on his brain, which changes in contact with new competences. Théâtre in the classroom is a catalyst of performance and a modifier of the neural networks that can change from a classical and traditional learning based on repetition to a brain show, a serious game that allows a better assimilation and a better understanding of the learning.

Socioeconomic Impact of Climate Change: Evidence from South Africa []


Climate change is a global phenomenon that continues to pose a major threat to all aspects of life. Review of past and present studies shows limited empirical studies on the subject. Particularly, the socioeconomic impact of climate change has not been extensively explored globally and in South Africa. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between climate change (precipitation and temperature), poverty and inequality using agricultural income as the transmission mechanism via the Ricardian model. Findings from the first stage analysis through the Ricardian model show that changes in temperature and precipitation are significantly associated with changes in agricultural income. Further analysis reveals that climate change is associated with higher poverty and inequality. Based on the findings, it is recommended that promoting climate change adaptation capacity of poor households should be a priority as these households are more exposed to adverse impacts of climate change.

RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES AND THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS: THE CASE OF THE OFFICE NATIONAL DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS, BURUNDI []


The purpose of this study was to assess the recruitment and selection practices and the service performance of Public Sector organizations with the case study of ONATEL (a public communication operator, Burundi). It was about knowing recruitment and selection policies and practices, the influence of recruitment and selection process, the challenges associated with it and ways to help improve human resource planning and development in ONATEL. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine and to understand the efficiency, effectiveness and the consequences of the implementation of recruitment processes. 150 respondents was the target population drawn from employees of ONATEL Main Branch in Bujumbura regardless of gender, age, education level and positions. The study adopted the universal sampling technique based on both probability and non-probability sampling while the sample size was 150 employees. Also the study used questionnaires to collect data while the Content Validity Index was used to test the validity and reliability of the instruments. The result was drawn on the basis of data collected; data was coded and recorded using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) analysis. This is a quantitative and qualitative research therefore the finding was presented in simple descriptive statistic tables, chart and percentages to emphasize the respondent’s views. Multiple regression analysis was used and conclusion was given. The findings of this study indicate that the use of appropriate recruitment process and selection methods enable organization to recruit committed and talented employees which improve the performance of organization. Also the study found that employers are challenged by a big number of candidates during recruitment process, lack of professional recruiter and other factors. The study concluded that recruitment and selection process significantly affects the performance of public sector organizations in Burundi and recommended that the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Employment should re-establish and give power to the National Commission of Recruitment to ensure that policies and laws governing recruitment are respected and implemented by all public institutions; should also adopt the use of information technology in human resource management by establishing the Online Human Resource Software to promote transparency in recruitment process; the study also recommended that the management of ONATEL should use professional recruiter and should regularly organize employee education, training and refresher courses to motivate and increase the performance of employees. Key Words: Recruitment, Selection and Organizational Performance

EFFECTS OF ILLEGAL SMALL SCALE MINING ON EXAMINATION RESULTS OF STUDENTS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN UPPER DENKYIRA EAST MUNICIPALITY, GHANA []


This study examined the consequences of illegal small scale mining on examination results of students in Junior High Schools in Upper Denkyira East Municipality in Ghana. Primary data was collected from students involved in illegal small scale mining in Akropong, Buabinso and Kyekyewere. These settlements were the worst affected by the menace in Upper Denkyira East Municipality. In all, 182 students were selected systematically from a list of 912 students obtained from illegal small scale mining sites in each community to fill open and close ended interview schedules. Pearson Correlation Coefficient established relationship between students’ involvement in illegal small scale mining and poor examination results in Basic Education Certificate Examinations. The study found that students engaged in illegal small scale mining because of poverty to meet their needs while others were attracted by the flamboyant lifestyle of illegal small scale miners. The time spent mining illegally in addition to poor preparation by Basic Education Certificate Examination candidates resulted in poor results in the examinations. It was recommended that the Ghana Education Service and other stakeholders initiate and sustain public education of parents and students on the negative effects of illegal small scale mining on academic fortunes of the students and their future.

Evaluating Financial Literacy on Retirement Planning Behavior of Public Health Sector Employees in Ngororero District, Rwanda []


This study evaluates the effects of financial literacy on retirement planning behavior of public health sector employees in Ngororero District. Specifically the study meant to examine how financial knowledge affects retirement planning gbehavior of public health sector employees in Ngororero District; to ascertain the extent to which financial behavior affects retirement planning behavior of public health sector employees in Ngororero District. The study used descriptive survey as the research design. The target population consisted of 487 employees working in Public Health Sector in Ngororero District. The sample size is composed of 108 respondents for questionnaire items and interview schedule. The sampling techniques consisted of stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling. The data have been collected using questionnaires and interview schedules and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22. This study found that financial literacy has a strong positive correlation with retirement planning behavior of public health sector employees in Ngororero District (Correlation Coefficient is above 0.99). In terms of test of significant effect of independent variable on dependent variable (p ≤ 0.05), this study revealed that financial literacy has a significant effect on retirement planning of public health sector employees in Ngororero District. The study concluded that financial literacy has great effects on retirement planning behavior of employees as it impacts of their financial decisions. The research recommended the necessity of special programs and awareness campaigns meant to increase the level of financial knowledge, skills, and behavior with respect of the practice of money management.

EFFICACY OF SELF-CONCEPT THEORY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE []


This study sought to investigate the efficacy of self-concept theory on the academic performance of secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. To guide the study, three hypotheses were formulated and were also tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The design used for the study was a pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group quasi- experimental design. The population of the study consisted of all the public mixed Senior Secondary II students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State and the sample used for the study comprised 236 students. The instrument for data collection for the study was a questionnaire titled Self-concept and Academic Performance Questionnaire” (SAPQ). The instrument which was adopted from Rady and Nady (2016) and modified by the researcher was validated by two experts, obtained a reliability index of 0.78. During treatment procedures, the two groups were pretested, the experimental group was exposed to Self-concept theory while the control group was not exposed to any treatment and after treatment administration, both groups were post tested and the finding, among others, showed that there is a significant difference between the academic performance of adolescents in the experimental and control groups after treatment among secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. This showed the efficacy of self-concept theory used in sensitizing the experimental group. As their self-concept mean score increased, their academic performance significantly increased. Based on the findings therefore, it is recommended that counsellors should employ self-concept theory to enhance academic performance of secondary school students.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STYLES AND THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN BENSON IDAHOSA UNIVERSITY, BENIN, EDO STATE []


The study investigated the relationship between learning styles and the academic performance among undergraduates in Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Edo State. Three research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study employed the ex-post facto research design. The target population comprised of all level 100 students in Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria. The proportionate stratified and random sampling techniques were used to select 210 students from the seven faculties in the University. This is used as the sample for the study. The study made used of two instruments. The first one was the Learning Style Questionnaire which was adapted from Dunn and Dunn (1989) learning style model. It consists of 45 items on the 9 learning styles of students on a four-point Likert scale of strongly agree (4); Agree (3); Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1) and the second instrument was the raw scores of the students in GST 112 – Philosophy, Logic and Human Existence, 2021/2022 first semester examination results. The first instrument was subjected to reliability procedure and it yielded an r-value of 0.89 which showed that the instrument was dependable for use. The instrument was administered and the results showed that: Majority of Benson Idahosa University undergraduates adopt the auditory learning style; there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of academic performance based on learning styles adopted by Benson Idahosa University students and there is a significant relationship between learning styles and academic performance among Benson Idahosa University undergraduates. Based on the finding, it was recommended that importance of choosing the appropriate learning styles among undergraduates in Benson Idahosa University should be emphasized.

THE EFFECTS OF WORKLOAD AND TIME PRESSURE ON AUDITOR PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY WORK STRESS AND WORK FATIGUE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL (A CASE STUDY AT INSPECTORATE GENERAL OF THE MINISTRY OF MANPOWER) []


Past studies have shown that a high workload and time pressure is often impacts on work stress and work fatigue. The heavier a person's workload, the higher time pressure impacts on auditor performance. Work stress and work fatigue in auditors also can impacts on auditor performance. This study is a quantitative study that aims to explore the effect of workload and time pressure on auditor performance mediated by work stress and work fatigue at the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Manpower during the Pandemic of Covid-19 on the performance of functional auditor employees in the inspectorate general of the ministry of manpower. This study is consisted by research backgrounds, literature reviews, conceptual model, hypotheses, and research methodologies. By applying the conceptual model, the status of the effects of workloads and time pressure on auditor performance mediated by work stress and work fatigue at the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Manpower during the Pandemic of Covid-19 can be discovered.

THE EFFECTS OF WORKLOAD AND COMPETENCE ON AUDITOR PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY WORK SATISFACTION: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL (A CASE STUDY AT INSPECTORATE GENERAL OF THE MINISTRY OF MANPOWER) []


Based on data from the results of supervision of auditor assistance in year 2019 to 2021 at the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia, it is known that the percentage of reports did not comply with the standards has increased. This is indicated by the number of timely reports of 22.77% in 2019, 24.11% in 2020 and 27.12% in 2022. This study was aimed at examining the effects of workload and competence on auditors’ performance by using work satisfaction as a mediating variable. In this regard, this paper proposes a conceptual model along with its research background, literature review, hypotheses, and research methods. By applying this paper, it will be known the status of the effects of competence and competence on the auditor’s performance with work satisfaction as a mediating variable.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPENSATION SYSTEM, WORK DISCIPLINE, AND WORK MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ASN ESTATE OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE []


The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze: 1). the effect of the compensation system, work discipline and work motivation on the performance of ASN at the Plantations and Horticulture Service of Southeast Sulawesi Province (2) the effect of the compensation system on the performance of ASN at the Plantations and Horticulture Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province 3) the effect of work discipline on the performance of ASN Department of Plantations and Horticulture Southeast Sulawesi Province 4). the effect of work motivation on the performance of ASN Department of Plantations and Horticulture in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research design used is quantitative research. The population in this study is all of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) who have been officially appointed Civil Servants (PNS) and have an Employee Identification Number (NIP) and work within the Department of Plantations and Horticulture of Southeast Sulawesi Province who is totaling 114 people, using saturated sampling withdrawal. Retrieval of data in the form of interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression models with the help of SPSS 25 software. The results of the study show that: 1) the compensation system, work discipline, and work motivation simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the ASN of the Plantation and Horticulture Service of Southeast Sulawesi Province. 2) the compensation system has a negative and insignificant effect on the performance of ASN of the Plantation and Horticulture Service of Southeast Sulawesi Province. 3) work discipline has a positive and significant effect on the performance of ASN of the Plantation and Horticulture Service of Southeast Sulawesi Province 4) work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of ASN of the Department of Plantation and Horticulture of Southeast Sulawesi Province.

EFFECTS OF WORK INVOLVEMENT, COMPETENCE, AND ENVIRONMENT NON-PHYSICAL WORK ON THE WORK ACHIEVEMENT OF STATE CIVIL APPARATUS REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OFFICE NORTH KONAWE DISTRICT []


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of work involvement, competence, and non-physical work environment on the work performance of the State Civil Servants of the Regional Secretariat Office of North Konawe Regency. The data analysis method used is the quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis, and the test tools used are the F test and t test. The samples taken in this study amounted to 104 people. Testing research instruments using validity and reliability tests. The research results found that work involvement, competence, and non-physical work environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on work performance. This means that the process of work involvement, competency, and non-physical work environment getting better and will encourage increased work performance. Partial work involvement has a positive and significant effect on work performance. This means that the better the work engagement processThe State Civil Apparatus will encourage increased work performance. Competence partially has a positive and significant effect on work performance. This means that the better the competency process State Civil Apparatus will encourage increased work performance. The non-physical work environment partially has a positive and significant effect on the work performance of State Civil Apparatuses. This means the better the non-physical work environment State Civil Apparatus will encourage increased work performance.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTING GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORT PRESENTATION AT THE OFFICE OF THE MINISTRY OF RELIGION AT BOMBANA []


This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of the Presentation of Financial Statements at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Bombana Regency whether they are by Government Accounting Standards (SAP) and also to find out the Constraints in preparing financial reports according to Government Accounting Standards. The research technique or method used by the author is qualitative descriptive research. The types and sources of data used in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data consists of the results of interviews about the presentation of the Agency's Financial Statements with the Finance Department. Secondary data is in the form of data or information related to the preparation of financial reports. The results of this study show that the preparation of financial reports at the Ministry of Religion of Bombana Regency with the implementation of SAP has been running effectively, this is because the financial reports have met the criteria of a system in terms of quantity and timeliness. The Financial Statements at the Ministry of Religion of Bombana Regency have fulfilled the qualitative characteristics, namely: Reliable, Relevant, Understandable, and Comparable by PP No. 71 of 2010.

Frequently Adverse Drug Reactions of Metformin and characteristics of Lactic acidosis documented from Metformin: Analysis from Thai national Pharmacovigilance database. []


Background: Metformin is one of the most widely used oral anti-diabetic drug currently considered to be one of the first choice drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some mostly occurred adverse drug reaction (ADRs) and serious ADR of metformin as Lactic acidosis (LA) were frequently observed. Objective: This study is aimed to describe the frequently adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of metformin and characteristic of Lactic acidosis (LA) documented from metformin in Thai national Pharmacovigilance database. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study using the National Pharmacovigilance database of Thailand. Spontaneous report of ADRs documented from metformin since 1984 until 06 July 2016 were collected and extracted by quality of report and causality assessment. Characteristics of reports, top 10 ADRs and characteristics of LA documented from metformin were analyzed descriptively regarding the report content. Results: A total of 2,013 reports are identified and analyzed descriptively. Mean age was 51.0±12.1 years old and 75.2% being Female. 516 reports (25.6%) presented co-morbidity. Almost were 1-2 items of concomitant drugs used (75.6%). Causality assessment was mostly classified as probable (60.3%) with quality of report graded at quality level 2 (54.7%). The number of suspected ADRs reports to Metformin since 1984 to 06 July 2016 are slowly increased by time. The most ADRs documented from metformin were skin rash (9.2%) and pruritus (8.7%). Characteristics of LA recognized from metformin almost were female (62%) with mean (±SD) age 62.5±12.7 years old. Enalapril was the most implicated drug (21%), followed by Glipizide (10%) and 88% were classified as serious event. Conclusion: In Thai database, the most frequent ADRs documented from metformin was skin and appendages disorders. Female, the higher age and use of Enalapril was the most documented in LA reports from metformin. Therefore, the present descriptive study may aid medical professionals to prevent the possible occurrence of ADRs to patients.

EFFECTIVENESS OF OVAPRIM HORMONE IN INDUCING OVULATION, FERTILIZATION AND HATCHING NILEM FISH (Osteochilus hasselti) EGGS []


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the hormone ovaprim on ovulation time, fertilization degree and hatching degree of nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) eggs. The number of parents used was four males and two females (2:1). The dose of the ovaprim hormone used was 0.3 mL/kg body weight for the male parent and 0.5 mL/kg body weight for the female parent. Ovulation time is done every hour by observing his behavior. After the fish shows signs of impending ovulation, they are removed and stripped. Eggs and sperm are collected and then fertilized. Analysis of the degree of fertilization and hatching was done descriptively. The results showed that giving ovaprim was effective and inducing ovulation, fertilization and hatching of Osteochilus hasselti fish. Ovulation occurred at 8 hours after being injected with the hormone ovaprim, the degree of fertilization and egg hatching was quite high, respectively 98% and 97%.

Assessment on groundwater quality of Kayove and Kannyogo streams in Karongi District of Rwanda. []


The drinking water quality source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The purification and supply of water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, the supply water to all households is still difficult due to different factors. Subsequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water supply requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed turbidity color ,coliform content and metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons from 2020 to 2021 using laboratory analysis and photometer 7500. The samples were collected monthly from two water sources of springs and the measured elements are Nitrates, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Assessment indicated that during the dry season and rainy season; kayove and Kannyogo a metal index is at acceptable level. Thus, the water quality of those sites was of good qaulity. However the assessment indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban areas to a greater extent than during the dry season . Keywords — Floods, groundwater recharge, impact, Kanyabusage water treatment plant , water quality change.

The role of parents in enhancing student's academic performance in Rwandan nine years basic education. []


The aim of this study was to analyse “the role of parents in enhancing students’ academic performance in Rwandan nine years basic education” especially at G.S.BUFUNDA in Nyagatare District where the research was conducted. We drew upon Epstein (2002) Parental involvement framework to examine how Rwandan parents participate in their children’s education and the challenges they encounter when they try to be involved. This research would be useful because the results and recommendations may contribute in increasing the level of parent participation to the teaching/ learning processes in improving academic performance of student in secondary schools. The study utilized mixed methods that integrated both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A questionnaire was administrated to parents, students and teachers while interviews were conducted with school administrators (Headteacher and Director of education at sector level).The results of this study indicated that a small number of parents of Mukama sector are not involved in their children’s education, they participate at moderate level. Parents were not doing well on issues related to their participation in school different activities because of different challenges such as Low level of education and illiteracy, lack of time, lack of family basic needs, and parents’ lack of confidence etc. It is recommended that since the rate of parental participation in enhancing children’s academic performance is low, school authorities need to organize for seminars and workshops to parents on the importance of their participation in school related programs that enhance the academic performance of the children.

Lessons and post-covid recommendations drawn from the health crisis []


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major sanitary crisis world-wide. Half of the world has been placed in quarantine. The main question that arises in this contribution is the indication that we must take lessons from this pandemic so as to confront the futurs sanitary crisis. This brought us to collect some data through using a documentary research and litterature review. Thus, the aim of this aticle is to make some recommandations post-covid which permit social actors to deal with the postcovid imapcts on differents sectors.