Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study aims to examine the influence of a sports event sponsorship on brand image and brand preference. An explanatory and survey research design was adopted, and a pre-designed questionnaire was administered to 400 soccer supporters’ selected using simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the influence of soccer event sponsorship on brand image and brand preference. The result shows that soccer event sponsorship influences the brand image and brand preference respectively. The research provides empirical evidence of how consumers can respond to a brand associated with a sports event sponsorship that is uniquely attached to specific sports teams and where sports supporters are involved in the playing team selection process. This study is based on a uniquely structured sport event of a major beer brand, two large football teams in the country and supporter involvement. The study shows that a one-day annual sports event sponsorship effectively influences the brand image and preference.
Female breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death (1). The mortality rate is decreasing with better survival in countries that have adapted a screening program for early diagnosis and, more importantly, adequate management and treatment (1,2). Adherence to treatment should be tailored to each case based on prognostic and predictive factors. This approach reduces the risk of recurrence and mortality from this disease. Prognostic and predictive factors are often jointly discussed. Some biological factors, including ER, PR and HER2, are both prognostic and predictive factors. The aim of our work is to give a status of prognostic and predictive factors of women with breast cancer in a group of patients in Oran. These factors are classified into clinical (Age, menopause, histological (histological type) and biological (ER: estrogen receptor, PR: progestin receptor, HER2 genes).
Recent days, automation is playing significant role using computers (android phone) in human daily life, particularly, handicapped and senior citizens. Currently people to interact with home appliances need to be direct contact with them, which means that to take action on them such as switch on and off light (Bulb), switch on and off television, etc. This interaction requires enough time in one way or another, waste their money on unknown home appliances that is switched on and they need to be at home to carry out this kind of job. As we know, technology has come to easy many jobs for this current generation. Many things can be done without involving yourself manually. This has also spread to the home appliances control. Instead of operating home appliances using your hands, you can operate it remotely wherever you are. Appliances automation allows users to manage different appliances such as light (Bulb), PC, TV, charging electrical and electronics devices and so on. It can also give privilege to the home in charge to controls temperature variation and take action according to sensed temperature data. It has been observed that the internet services in all part of country especially in rural area are not as much better as required. Hence, GSM SIM900A based android application is developed named Home Appliances Automation system using Arduino. The developed system is decomposed into two separate entities: Hardware is designed and developed using Arduino UNO with other required electronics components that is programmed using embedded C language, and software that provides freedom to user to control and access the electronic appliances and the security system without internet. The overall objectives of this project is to design and implement Home Appliances Automation system with GSM from SMS sent by android application by using Arduino Uno to control automatically home appliances anytime, anywhere by using Smartphone. I recommend also all public institution and private institution to use Home Appliances Automation system instead of using manual system in case they are going to control home appliances for good, security, quick and smart control.
Inadequate hypertension self-care practice lead to different health complication. The aim of the study was to know how hypertensive patients of Kirinda Hospital take care of themselves. Patients were asked information related to their self-care of hypertension. The characteristics associated with the self-care practices for hypertension were looked at. A cross-sectional study design using quantitative method was used. A Random sampling method was applied to select 199 patients as a representative sample size. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data on containing frequencies and percentages of each variable were generated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Analysis of correlations between self-care habits and a number of factors was carried out using chi-squere test. Multivariate statistical analysis was perfomed to assess the associations. The results show that the overall prevalence of good self-care practice for hypertension was 34.2%. The results analysis revealed low prevalence of selfcare practice of hypertension. Determinants associated with hypertension were Gender, marital status, how long do you diagnosed HTN (years), methods used to control hypertension, good exercise for hypertension control, medication adherence, dietary control habit and ability of alcohol consumption. Hospitals and other concerned institutions could make an effort to provide an improvement on the self-care practices for hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, Self-care practices, Factors, Patients Attending, Rwanda
The experiences on the development of numeracy skills among primary pupils through MTB-MLE were a smooth flow of instruction in Mathematics when MTB-MLE is used as an LOI, enhanced engagement to instruction showing confidence, interest, and enjoyment on the lesson, enriched parent-teacher partnership in building numeracy among the learners, difficulties for some pupils to count in Bicol, and difficulties met in localizing, contextualizing and translating teaching materials for mathematics instruction. Teachers use to develop numeracy skills of pupils using MTB-MLE pedagogy use of locally-made materials or objects found in the community, exposing pupils to more drills and exercises, Differentiated Instruction, using manipulative, real, and tangible objects as instructional materials, translation, using collaborative approach teaching; along learning, engagement was play-based instruction, simple gifts as rewards and attractive and purposeful instructional materials through ICT; assessment of learning were differentiated assessment activities, and play-based assessment and observations. Grade teachers have varied positive and negative teaching experiences on the development of numeracy skills of primary pupils using MTB-MLE. Strategies to pedagogy, learning engagement, and assessment of learning to develop numeracy skills of primary grade pupils be applied by primary grade teachers. Grade teachers may revive, review and upgrade their pedagogical knowledge and information through the conducted research along with the development of numeracy skills through MTB-MLE as LOI. grade teachers may explore other strategies which are backed up with empirical data along pedagogy, learning engagement, and assessment of learning to implement in their classroom which may enhance the development of numerical skills of primary pupils using MTB-MLE as LOI. KEYWORDS: DEVELOPMENT OF NUMERACY SKILLS, PRIMARY GRADE PUPILS, MOTHER TONGUE - BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION, PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY
This study investigates common pronunciation errors made in English by Congolese French speakers learning English with special reference to students from the English Department of the University of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Based on data collected through everyday observation of the students speech and through a pronunciation test, it is aimed at identifying the most recurrent segmental errors in order to trace back their major sources and suggest some remedial strategies. A careful scrutiny has disclosed that most of the errors made by these students find their sources mostly in interlingual interference, intralingual interference as well as in the context of learning with the teacher as the model and the learners with their learning strategies. Remedial strategies include discrimination drills, production exercises through choral and individual repetitions, and tongue twisters among others. Watching videos with authentic pronunciation practice by native speakers on You Tube Channel followed by choral and individual practice by learners is also highly recommended.
This inquiry evaluated the language anxiety and its sources among the Grade 11 students in the island municipalities of the Philippines. A total of 236 selected Grade 11 students and 14 Grade 11 language teachers were subjected in this study. Results revealed that respondents’ language performance is in the beginning and developing levels as regards their macro skills. They were highly motivated in integrative and much exposed to computer/internet, cellphone, and television. They were moderately anxious with the language and their source of language anxiety is learner-related. Correlation identified respondents’ language performance as significant to reading anxiety. Besides, students’ language motivation was also significant to reading and writing anxiety. Meanwhile, their exposure to media has an impact on writing anxiety. Thus, their language anxieties are significantly rooted on learner-related factors which correspond to their uneasiness towards the language. Such that, this investigation concludes with input for teaching and research that cite the complexity of anxiety for second language learners in English situated in a multilingual environment.
This systematic literature review examines the use of machine learning algorithms in smart meter applications. Smart meters are digital devices that record and transmit energy consumption data to utilities for billing, monitoring, and optimization purposes. Machine learning algorithms have been applied to smart meters to improve energy efficiency, detect anomalies, and forecast energy demand. This review analyses over 58 studies papers published between 2008 and 2023 and categorizes the machine learning algorithms based on their application and performance metrics, the features and datasets. The study finds that clustering and regression algorithms are commonly used for anomaly detection and demand forecasting, respectively with these being the support vector machines and the decision trees, while deep learning algorithms show promise for improving accuracy and interpretability. The review also identifies challenges in data and feature quality, privacy, and scalability that need to be addressed for successful deployment of machine learning in smart metering. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques in smart meters and suggests future research directions for advancing the field.
The livestock sector remains a source of livelihood in Rwanda. Particularly "dairy" is a profitable and one of the best investment sectors that can work properly in the rural areas of Rwanda due to its benefits not only as income from milk production but also as a way of providing food and nutrition security, supporting crop production through manure, and creating employment. Though the sector is faced with many risks, they include flooding and windstorms, lightning, internal and external injuries, illnesses and diseases of a terminal nature, and epidemics, to mention a few. A livestock insurance scheme is one of the new concepts used to improve risk management practices in Rwanda. However, factors influencing the adoption of livestock insurance among dairy farmers remain unknown in Rwanda. The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic factors that influence the adoption of livestock insurance among dairy farmers in the Nyagatare district of Rwanda. Data were collected from 345 sampled respondents, and a logit model using STATA 13 was used to analyze the socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of livestock insurance among dairy farmers. The logit model revealed that education level, access to credit, and knowledge of livestock insurance were significant variables that positively influenced the probability of adoption of livestock insurance at the 1% level of significance, whereas farming experience and distance to town were significant variables that negatively influenced the probability of adoption of livestock insurance at the 5% and 10% levels of significance, respectively. Government and insurance companies should improve their marketing strategies. During the marketing process, the government and insurance companies should take the education level and farming experience of dairy farmers into account. Government and insurance companies should also encourage and empower farmers' access to credit facilities.
M. Hassana TAILY1, Dr Soungalo DIAKITE2, Dr Abdoulaye KONE2, Cheick O KAMISSKO5 Dr Hanine KEITA3, Dr Toumani SIDIBE4, Dr Bouyagui TRAORE3, Dr Youssouf SIDIBE1, Dr Dramane TRAORE2, Dr Oumar SANGHO6
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral zoonosis disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain (1). The health district of Koutiala has not been on the sidelines of this outbreak of corona virus, it recorded its first case of the disease on April 10, 2020. From the notification of the first case until the end of August 2022, the district recorded 102 cases of COVID-19 with 7 deaths or 6.9%. The objective of our study was to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 in the Koutiala Health District, 2022. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study of data recorded in the district COVID-19 database from April 15, 2020 to August 31, 2022. We conducted an exhaustive sampling of our database. Notification forms, extraction forms and consultation logs were used for data verification. The significance of the link between COVID-19 and the factors studied will be judged by the value of p whose threshold will be 0.05 and a 95% CI which will exclude the value of 1. Results: In our study the average age was 37 years [2-84]. We obtained 56.6% of the cases whose age group 30-59 years was mainly represented in our study. The male sex occupied 51% of the cases and 54.25% of the notified patients came from the district of Koko (Urban area) among them 48.6% presented with fatigue/myalgia and 12.20% of the contacts followed tested positive. . In our study, people who traveled without practicing barrier measures were 84.36 times more likely to be infected with the disease than those who strictly followed national protection directives (OR = 84.36 [25.09; 283, 59]). Attendance at funeral places (OR = 2.11 at 95% [1.12; 3.99] and weddings/baptisms (OR =3.55 at 95% [1.65; 7.64]) were associated with. Conclusion: The analysis of our database allowed us to identify the major signs in favor of COVID-19, the most affected age groups and its density in urban areas. associated with the spread of the corona virus disease would be the non-application of barrier measures and the non-compliance with the technical directives put in place by the Governement. We note that despite the knowledge of COVID-19 by the majority of patients on the guidelines for the fight against COVID-19 the health district continued to record cases Keywords: Analysis, COVID-19, Koutiala, 2022
The research states that auditors have not so far adequately performed their duties to organizations as to highlighting the going concern status of organizations as well as detect and prevent fraud which inevitably leads to corporate failures. Globally, there are increasing occurrences of fraud in corporate organisations and this has adversely affected the firms’ bottom line due to its non-detection and prevention by statutory audit. The concept of fraud focuses on any deliberate action or in-action of man either as an individual or as a group to deceived others or take possession of an item deceitfully at the expense of others (Halbouni et al, 2016 in Abang & Onyia, 2020). The leading methods of detecting fraud in any organization include: Benchmarking and Internal audit and Management review. A survey was done to various firms and 100 questions were shared, with 95 responses. Management review gives the decision makes of the business the necessary insights to tailor future policies and actions on areas that ensure or protect going concern. They are able to identify risk and mitigate such as well as ensure compliance with corporate governance codes and other regulatory requirements. Additionally, companies may want to consider adjusting their internal audit and benchmarking processes to better align with the factors that are found to positively impact going concern.
Ransomware: Trend Analysis and Future InsightsRansomware is malware that uses password protection and cryptography to hijack a victims files or computer system, deny user access, and demand a ransom payment. This report comprehensively analyzes the ransomware threat, its evolution, and trends. Ransomware attacks date back to the late 90s but became a more severe threat to cybersecurity in 2017 due to the cryptocurrency boom, leading to notable attacks such as the WannaCry ransomware attack. Ransomware assaults have escalated dramatically in recent years, with the number of attacks globally increasing by 62% in 2020, 105% in 2021, and falling by 23% in 2022. It examines the types of ransomware, its lifecycle, and its critical associated trends. It also highlights potential future directions for ransomware attacks and their possible implications for cybersecurity. Understanding the anatomy of a ransomware assault can assist businesses in better preparing for these risks.
This study examined household dietary diversity (DD) patterns and determinants among extremely poor people in rural areas of Bangla-desh. Secondary data from the Pathways to Prosperity for Extremely Poor People (PPEPP) project of Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) was used, collected from 6,215 households across Barisal, Dhaka, Khulna, and Rangpur divisions of Bangladesh. The dietary diver-sity score was assessed by tallying the different food groups consumed within the last 24 hours. The study found that the average House-hold Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was 5.35, with 5% of households having a low HDDS, 76% fall in the medium category, and 18% hav-ing a high HDDS. Vegetables were consumed by 90% of households, while the meat was not included in the meals of over 91% of house-holds. Additionally, 50% of households consumed fish, while only 11% were able to include milk in their meals. Furthermore, 13% of households did not consume any oil or fat-related foods. Almost 80% of respondents in the study live in extreme poverty and there is a link between food insecurity and low dietary diversity among them. The study also found that diversifying income-generating activities (IGAs) and increasing nutrition awareness could improve household dietary diversity. Our findings suggest that improving financial capa-bilities can lead to a better allocation of resources towards non-cereal food items, eventually changing the dietary diversity pattern of ex-tremely poor households.
The general objective of this study is to find out the role of financial statement analysis under corporate decision making of manufacturing companies in Rwanda and this study was achieved the followings specific objectives: to determine the role of analysis of statement of financial position in corporate decision making of Bralirwa Plc, to assess the role of analysis of income statement in corporate decision making of Bralirwa Plc and to establish the role of analysis of cash flow statement in corporate decision making of Bralirwa Plc. This study was designed as a case study of Bralirwa Plc using the survey method; a case study was described as analysis of financial statement analysis under corporate decision making of manufacturing companies, assuming that the researcher can acquire knowledge regarding the subject under review from in-depth exploration of a single case. It was a qualitative analysis that involves careful observation of a situation. The researcher used questionnaires to collect data, As far as this study was concerned, the population was comprised of employees of Bralirwa Plc targeting 244 employees. Thus, a sample size of 151 respondents was considered as representative of the total population. I used primary and secondary data to get all information needed in this study, the statistical method was offered the opportunity to analyze and quantify the results of research collected by using quantitative, qualitative methods and SPSS version 20. The researcher concluded that various financial statements are prepared by Bralirwa Plc and they include balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statements. The financial statements prepared are analyzed in order to find the various ways through corporate decision making enhanced. Hence meaning that financial statement analysis contributes to the corporate decision making of Bralirwa Plc. The researcher concluded that the various factors necessary for the financial performance of Bralirwa Plc are availability of capital, market availability, committed employees, and forecasting and a Bralirwa Plc reputation and that Bralirwa Plc performs well due to financial statement analysis carried out. The researcher also concluded that forecasting future financial statements analysis (23%), to assess financial performance (27%), to make financial statements analysis (14%), to compare variations in financial performance (9%) and to compare with expectations of financial performance (27%). Corporate decision making of Bralirwa Plc is described as good because of the benefits that accrue from financial statement analysis. The leaders of Bralirwa Plc, who have manufacturing activities into their attribution and responsibilities, are suggested: to allow manufacturing market actors to learn from each other’s experiences, building on expertise and knowledge; to contribute in transparency and accountability of manufacturing markets and allows for lessons to be shared more easily; to reveal manufacturing markets mistakes and offers manufacturing sales paths for learning and improvements; to provides a way to assess the crucial link between implementers and beneficiaries on the ground and marketing decision-makers; to act according to the legal framework at the organization level of financial analysis strategies.
Most people relocate to urban areas in search of better prospects. Building construction projects are consequently becoming more common in populated areas. As a result, several resources are also being utilized. Due to the globe’s expanding population, it is difficult for electric power plants to provide enough electricity, and the world is currently facing electrical issues. These problems have increased the significance of the internet of things in contemporary culture. Several physical devices are connected over the internet for communication. The internet of things reduces living costs and automates all procedures, eliminating manual labor. People use IoT to use solar panels to create electricity from the sun’s light, reducing the demand for power plants. Another challenge users run into is controlling their solar stations, mostly physically. Considering all these problems, our project would allow users to use their cell phones to monitor and control the solar system virtually visually. The user won’t need to be present physically to use it manually. The customer will effectively reduce their electricity usage while receiving automatic notifications of updates on their mobile device.
The purpose of this study is to create a system that can evaluate and score multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and true/false (T/F) answer sheets using a real-time webcam. These types of questions are still widely used today by institutions, organizations, and educational institu-tions to evaluate students’ performance. Large institutions use optical mark recognition (OMR) software, which is expensive and requires a special scanner and customized OMR sheets. Therefore, small schools could not pay for this expensive software to perform assessments. Thus, it is proposed a real-time webcam system that evaluates and scores test papers automatically, which can utilize anyone and save more time spend on manual scoring. First, it is given a brief overview of related studies. Second, it is discussed the proposed system in detail and with important steps. Third, it is explained how the image processing algorithms and methods are implemented in OpenCV. Finally, general evaluations about the study are made and a general perspective about the future is mentioned.
The field of data analysis has grown significantly over the past few years, and statistical analysis is at the forefront of this growth. The availability of data has led to the development of various statistical analysis software, which has allowed businesses to analyze and gain insights from their data. This research paper aims to provide a competitive analysis of enterprise business statistical analysis software using Multi-Attribute Global Inference Quality (MAGIQ). The paper evaluates four popular statistical analysis software, namely SAS, R, and MATLAB, and compares them based on six attributes: functionality, usability, reliability, performance, security, and support. The paper uses MAGIQ to evaluate the software based on these attributes and provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the software. The results of the analysis provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each software and help businesses choose the software that best meets their needs.
Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLAs) have proven to be very effective in accelerating growth and building local capacity. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations of women on socio-economic development in Kibilizi sector, Nyanza District, Southern Province in Rwanda. The 89 respondents were selected from 801women participating in VSLAs located at Kibilizi sector. The study adopted qualitative descriptive research. The result of the study shows that the reasons for joining VSLAs in Kibilizi is to get money easily when they need it, to increase income, to exchange ideas about business, to ask loan, to meet and exchange with friends, to keep money safe and to save money. Before taking a loan, members were encouraged to share the plans with their spouses and it was required that a spouse had to be one of the referees for taking a loan. VSLAs made women buying mutual health and paying school fees of their children. It has been found that the women could earn between 150,000 Frw and 200,000 Frw per month. The study also shows that the loan given through VSLAs are reinvested through agriculture and livestock and the number of eating per day was increased whereas they eat two and three per day thus ensuring food security in their households. The 93% of women agreed that saving and income increased due to VSLAs even though they meet the challenges of getting stakeholders, members not paying regularly their contribution, lack of leadership skills and lack of training in business related activities. Further research may attempt to work on comparative study of the effects of women VSLAs between rural and urban areas in Rwanda. Key words: Village savings, Loan associations schemes, Women’s socio-economic development
The interpretation and qualitative analysis of aeromagnetic data to determine the nature and depth of the magnetic minerals has been on the increase with the use of Euler deconvolution method. In this paper this method was used on the digitized aeromagnetic data of Ibadan (sheet 261) for the purpose of determining the nature and trend of the magnetic minerals, and estimating the depth to magnetic source in five locations within the study area. These locations are: Bare (1), Falansa (2), Ikija (3), Olode (Egbeda) (4), and Olode (Ona-Ara) (5). These locations have been known to have valuable mineral resources, therefore estimating the depth to magnetic source of these locations is necessary for easy exploration. Ibadan which is bounded within Longitude 3.300E to 4.000E and Latitude 7.000N to 7.300N, is located in present Oyo State, South Western Nigeria and is underlain by basement complex rocks of the Precambrian age. The aeromagnetic anomaly map (magnetic signature map) and the Euler solutions helped in identifying the nature, trend and depth of the magnetic source in these locations. The Euler deconvolution approximated the shallowest and deepest depths to top of the magnetic source as 2.00m and 15.00m respectively. The magnetic signature maps showed the magnetic trends as SW – SE, SW – SE, NW - SW, NW – SW, and Central for locations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. These results have the potential to generate useful information for exploitation and exploration of minerals in Nigeria. Keyword: Aeromagnetic anomaly map, digitized aeromagnetic data, Euler deconvolution, Ibadan
The advent of e-governance has brought significant changes in public service delivery and citizen engagement across the world. In Uganda, the government has implemented various e-governance initiatives to improve service delivery and citizen participation in governance. This research paper examines the role of e-governance in enhancing public service delivery and citizen engagement in Uganda. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The findings of the study indicate that e-governance has improved public service delivery and enhanced citizen engagement in Uganda. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to maximize the potential of e-governance in Uganda. Key words: e-governance, public service delivery, citizen engagement, Uganda, mixed-methods approach, quantitative data, qualitative data, challenges, potential.
As African countries strive to strengthen their governance structures and improve service delivery, there has been a trend towards militarizing civil service space. This involves the appointment of retired military officers to senior civil service positions, as well as the deployment of military personnel to carry out civilian tasks. While proponents argue that this approach can bring discipline and efficiency to the civil service, critics argue that it undermines civilian oversight and accountability, and may lead to the violation of human rights. This paper provides an overview of the trend towards militarization of civil service space in Africa, examines the factors driving this trend, and assesses the implications for governance and democracy on the continent. The paper argues that while the militarization of civil service space may be appropriate in certain contexts, it should not be seen as a panacea for governance challenges, and should be accompanied by measures to ensure civilian oversight, transparency, and accountability. Key words: Civil service, Militarism
China's rapid military engine development has sparked concerns among regional and global powers. This paper examines the implications of China's military engine development on proliferation control and strategic stability. The study utilizes a combination of primary and secondary sources to provide a comprehensive overview of China's military engine development, including the drivers, capabilities, and potential applications of its engines. The analysis highlights the critical role of China's engine development in enhancing its military power projection capabilities and discusses the implications of this development for regional and global security. The paper also examines the effectiveness of existing nonproliferation regimes in controlling China's engine development and suggests policy options for addressing the proliferation risks associated with China's engine development. Key words: China, military engine development, proliferation control, strategic stability.
In addition to being valued for its goods, the honeybee Apis mellifera is also valued for its role in pollinating both domestic and untamed plants. Arthropods, fungus, protozoa, bacteria, and/or viruses that are able to get past the individual and social immune systems of bees can infect the beehive. Infections are easily transmitted inside and between beehives because of the bees close closeness to one another and their feeding behaviors. Additionally, the global spread of illnesses brought on by bee trading has led to a number of infections that significantly harm apiculture. Only rarely can an infection be identified by visual examination, by direct observation of the pathogen in some arthropods, or by pathogen-associated distinguishing characteristics. Significant progress has been made in the study of bee pathogens thanks to the development of molecular techniques based on the amplification and analysis of one or more genes or genomic segments. These techniques enable I the accurate and sensitive identification of the infectious agent, (ii) the analysis of co-infections, (iii) the description of novel species, (iv) associations between geno- and phenotypes, and (v) population structure studies. The genomes of bee pathogens have been sequenced, which has facilitated the discovery of novel molecular targets and the creation of specialised genotypification techniques.
PI: Dr. Emmanuel NUBAHUMPATSE MD Supervisor: Dr. Jean Claude Kabayiza, MD, MMED, PhD ,Prof. Cliff O' Callahan MD, Ph.D. FAAD Co-Supervisors: Dr. Christian Umuhoza, MD, MMED ,Dr. Maurice Nsanzabera, MD, MMED
Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is a global public health problem, believed to cause more than 300,000 deaths each year. This study explores pediatricians' awareness, attitudes, and practice regarding diagnosing and managing HPI in Rwanda. METHODOLOGY This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 in Rwanda. Among eighty registered pediatricians, 66 were recruited based on a simple random sampling approach. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed by the lead researcher. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Among sixty-six recruited participants, more than half (57.6%) initiate testing from 5-12 years of child’s age, 86.4% treated the infection after investigation and the most requested investigations were: stool antigen (90.6%), serology test (46.9%), and endoscopic exam (31.3%). Participants from public institutions were more likely to utilize stool antigen (90.0% vs 50.0%, OR:1.800, p=0.006) and less likely to utilize serology tests (40.0% vs 83.3%, OR:0.480, p=0.041). Participants with the rank of consultant or beyond were more adherent to a 14-day antibiotic regimen than junior consultants (55.0% vs 26.9%, OR:1.624, p=0.025. CONCLUSIONS Rwandan pediatricians are aware of the current evidence on H. pylori and are willing to utilize evidence-based guidelines. The results express a need to institutionalize the existing evidence on HPI among the pediatric population and a need to promote continuous medical education for capacity building of the pediatricians. Where possible, hospitals should create and sustain the inter-facility agreement to utilize the existing minimum capacity, to serve the maximum number of patients, as stated by Sustainable Development Goal 17. Keywords: Children; Helicobacter pylori; pediatricians; Management; Rwanda.
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