Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Exclusive breastfeeding is very crucial for infant nutritional status. It is very important for their growth, development, and survival. The aim of the study was to determine the exclusive breastfeeding prevalence and linked factors among mothers of Karongi District, Rwanda. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. The target population were the lactating mothers attended health facilities of Karongi District. The sample was selected randomly from population of interest and using Fisher’s formula, the total sample size was 261 respondents. The calculated sample size was disaggregated per administrative sectors referring on the population proportional weight per sector. The main inclusion criteria for the for the current study, the mother should have children between 6 to 9 months from the date of birth, aged above 18 and willing to contribute to the study. The structure questionnaire is the tool used to collect data. Prior data collection, the researcher requested permission from Mount Kenya University IRB. Therefore, the obtained permission was reported for ethical committee approval at Karongi District. To analyze data both version 25 of SPSS as the Statistical Package for Social Science and Inferential and descriptive statistics were used. The study results revealed that the EBF prevalence among the mothers who participated in this study was found to be 87.1% with 95%CI of 82.34 to 91.04%. The EBF practice prevalence was high but still slight lower than the one recommended by WHO. Therefore, the Ministry of Health should increase awareness intervention and appropriate strategies for behavior change and communication on exclusive breastfeeding to encourage prenatal and postpartum care for optimum practice. Keywords: Prevalence, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Associated Factors, Mothers, Rwanda
Past studies show that leadership style may impact employees’ overall job aspects. However, a search of the literature showed that there is a knowledge gap when assessing whether manager leadership styles in the Arab sector of Israel contribute to the improvement of different job aspects. Consequently, quantitative method research was conducted to fill this knowledge gap where the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of managers’ leadership styles on job satisfaction, job performance, and employees’ motivation and engagement. Relevant data were collected from participants using survey questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 250 employees from different organizations from the Arab sector in Israel. According to the results of the questionnaires, a significant impact was found between the managers’ leadership style and the different job aspects. Moreover, A significant positive relationship was also found between Job satisfaction, Job performance, and employees’ engagement.
This is an ethnographic study showing that, the health and healthcare of a given community in time and space mirrors the world view and values of that culture. Thus, the way people relate to nature, other people, time, persons, charity, community, and so forth has a lot to do with the human mechanism. Consequently sickness behavior determines who is susceptible to illness and even who agree to become a patient-since an estimated quarter of ill persons effectively see a medical doctor. Hence, cultural standards become spectrums deciding if one is a patient and what it takes for the patient to go to the hospital. Thus an indication that although culture is universal, there are specific aspects of it that identifies a people, just as is the case with the people of the far North region which is linked to health. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to put the analysis of this write-up. Our data collection was obtained through participatory observations, interviews, research sampling, focus groups, questionnaires, life stories and ethnology. The above research vectors help to maintain objectivity and originality of this study. However, the main objective of our research is to understand how culture influence people’s health and healthcare behaviours. Findings show that even religious thoughts on death vary within cultures, and particularly related to hospital-based treatment. Language and cultural interpreters can be essential since they are more available than realized, though there are pitfalls in their use. In effect, one must recognize that personality may overshadow the cultural and an excellent considerate affiliation can be balance for many cultural lapses. To that effect, medication and diet necessitate meticulous considerations. Hence, the view of a physical pain and psychosomatic suffering varies from culture to culture and influence the mind-set and success of care-givers than patients. This study contributes to cradle cultural identity, which is knowledgeable to guide members of the community about the different health systems while seeing the need for healthcare blend to reduce risk. Keywords: Perceptions culture, practices spread, diseases: far North of Cameroon
This research examines the potential risks posed by cyber-physical systems (CPS) in a healthcare environment, focusing on the dangers of medical equipment and the potential for cyberattacks. The study aims to analyze the body of literature on healthcare cyber-physical systems (HCPS), industrial control systems (ICS), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), to better understand the underlying technologies. The research methodology involves conducting a literature review, experimentation, and simulation to carry out this analysis. Using Simul8, a simulation is created to model the operation of a smart medical device in the hospital environment, known as the Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) device. The study will explore the potential for cyber-physical attacks, such as man-in-the-middle attacks, distributed denial of service attacks, or ransomware attacks, on the hospital network that causes physical harm to the target medical device. The results of this study will identify potential vulnerabilities and suggest mitigations to enhance the security and safety of healthcare facilities. Keywords: Healthcare, Cyberattack, Ransomware, Simulation
Undernutrition among children under five years is one of the major public health issues worldwide in developing countries and occurs prominently. In Rwanda, according to Demographic Health Survey in 2019-2020, the prevalence of stunting was 33.0% while 8.0% were underweight. The aim of the study was conducted to determine nutritional status and associated factors in order to plan and alleviate child malnutrition among children under five years at Ruhango Health Center and its catchment area. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. All children (200) were included with their caregivers who visited to the health center from August to September September 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics using counts and proportions were computed to describe the basic characteristics of respondents. Chi-square test was used to establish factors associated with children undernutrition. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to control the confounding variables. The level of significance was set at 5%. Ethical clearance to collect data was obtained from Mounty Kenya University. The study showed that most of the children were aged between 6 to 24 months (94.5%) and males were 52.0% compared to 48.0% of their female counterparts. The study concludes that the prevalence of under nutrition was relatively high but lower than the national average with respondent factors that are associated malnutrition. Therefore, public health sector and local government should increase access to clean water and also to increase the awareness of caregivers on balanced diet. Keywords: Nutritional Status, Associated Factors, Children, Five years, Rwanda
The Public Finance Management Act of 2018 Section 16. (1) provides for appointment of internal auditors as public officers, by the Civil Service Commission. Their main roles are, subject to the direction of the Controller of Internal audit, to provide assurance and consulting services to the controlling officers and audit committees on all matters relating to internal controls, risk management, governance processes and submit quarterly reports to the controller of internal audit. Therefore, Internal Audits provides an important oversight functions on how public service is being run. It has been observed that there are a lot of financial misappropriation in the Zambian public sector. The main objective of the study was to determine the reasons why there are financial flaws when the Internal audit function is in place. The study also aimed to establish factors that account for numerous audit queries and mismanagement of public resources with Internal audits in public institutions. Lastly it was to suggest a frame work to help enhance internal audit functions the study was conducted in ten (10) selected internal audit units in the Lusaka district and selected provinces. The selected internal audit units were: Ministry of Finance & National Planning, Judiciary, Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security, Ministry of Education Ministry of Defence, Provincial Administration Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province, Central Province and Luapula Province The sample size determined was 38 respondents from ten (10) government ministries in Lusaka district and five selected provinces. For this study a cluster method of sampling was employed to determine the number of Internal Audit units to be employed in the study. A survey questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The study found that there were written down business practices or policies that are established within government to create value or minimize risk; the opinions of the internal audit team were all communicated and not well acted upon by the chief executives and the permanent secretaries in the respective ministries. The study found that there was no appropriate internal organizational structure that was consistent with the organization needs and culture, and that the internal audit team had a seat in management meetings. However, the study found that in the ministries studied, all the respondents felt that they were under funded and did not have all the necessary tools to carry out the internal audits. This research provided evidence that competence, independence of internal auditors, the quality of internal audits and level of management’s support for internal audit performance all contribute to the effectiveness of internal audit department. The study concluded that, due to its important role it plays for the overall management system, internal audit is the major mechanism to ensure sound corporate governance. The existences of effective internal audit in the office links with internal control risk management system, improves organizational efficiency and effectiveness, reduce information asymmetry during decision making, and ensures internal reliability of financial reporting process. Keywords: Internal Audit, Internal Audit Contribution, Public Sector, Corporate Governance
In LP model, the input data (also known as parameters) are assumed constant and known with certainty during a planning period. These parameters are such as; (i) Profit (cost) contribution (Cj) per unit of decision variable. (ii) Availability of resources (bi). (iii) Consumption of resources per unit of decision variable (aij). However, in real-world situations some data may change over time because of the dynamic nature of the business such changes may raise doubt on the validity of the optimal solution of the given LP model. Thus, a decision-maker in such situation would like to know, how sensitive the optimal solution is to the changes in the original input data values.
Education is the matter of life and death for any country. Unfortunately, Pakistan has not been able to develop a stable, up to date and just education system in the country till now. From 1947 to 2023, many major steps have been taken by the government but its implementation has been poor and unsatisfactory. A detailed analysis of all the problems in our education system has been discussed below. Also the immediate solutions to these problems have also been provided.
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