Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Anxiety is a feeling of uncertainty or hesitation about one's ability or what one wants to do. In the context of learning a foreign language, anxiety can be described as a feeling of tension or apprehension. This research aimed to identify the factors that influence beginner students' anxiety in speaking English and to present strategies for reducing anxiety in speaking English for beginner students at the Savannakhet University. The research was conducted with beginner students at the Savannakhet University. Qualitative data analysis was used. The researcher collected data from 19 students in the beginner class, 10 of whom were male and 9 of whom were female. The findings showed that there were two factors that influenced the beginner students: (1) speaking activities, and (2) error correction. Furthermore, the researcher found four strategies for reducing anxiety in speaking English: (1) preparation, (2) relaxation, (3) making friends, and (4) positive thinking. The researcher also recommends that future research on this topic focus on other factors that may influence beginner students' anxiety, such as the level of the student's English proficiency, the teaching methods used, and the classroom environment. Keywords: 1) Anxiety 2) Beginner Students’ 3) Speaking English activities
The changing nature of the world and the evolution of scientific development, impelled the bargain of former gaps between humans and animals. With this view, some of the wild animals became domesticated and the domestic animals took the positions of authority in order to maintain a creditable stand in the sight of man. Being the master in command of all animal productions for personal profits, man stands as the greatest enemy of the beasts in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. It was with regards to this conception, that the present paper titled “The Dichotomy Between Man and Animals in George Orwell’s Animal Farm” emerged. This study explored the intersection between man and the animals in Orwell’s text with special note on the past relationship between these two groups of sapiens. The study employed the theory of deconstruction and precisely the concepts of binary opposition by Jacques Derrida. To him, western thoughts are heavily reliant on the establishment of hierarchical dualities, thus privileging one group over the other. With the privileged being man, the animals in Animal Farm decided to fight some of these rights for equality. The text presents the corrupt man over the innocent animals, the autonomous animals over the oppressive Man, not leaving out idealism in juxtaposition of pragmatism. With a distinct conduct of the animals struggling to emulate the actions of man, and blurring the original gap that existed between them in the days of farmer Jones, the animals end up to be more corrupt than man. This study ties to the notion that, the quest for absolute power among new nations that are represented by the pigs, expands suffering boundaries for the underprivileged group represented by the other animals in the farm. Key Words: Dichotomy, Man, Animal, Binary Opposition.
The Shift from Web2 to Web3: A Movement Towards Ownership and Freedom We live in a time where technology not only informs us — it transforms us. Just as the internet replaced traditional mail, Web3 is now transforming the internet itself. While Web2 gave rise to social networks, streaming services, and mobile banking, it also centralized power and profits into the hands of a few tech giants. Web3 flips the model, offering decentralization, user ownership, and the ability to earn, trade, and interact freely without middlemen.
This paper aims to analyse the gig economy across ten different countries which have developed mature economies and are emerging fast growing economies. The countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, United States of America, Germany, The United Kingdom, Japan and France. The study will apply a cross-country comparative lens. It examines how the interests of the gig workers and businesses can often clash. The study highlights conflicts in wages, benefits and flexibility. The research study further explores benchmark practices by outlining their concepts and key features. By comparing international approaches, the research highlights potential benchmark practices for India to bridge policy gaps and progress towards a sustainable gig economy. In addition, it evaluates whether existing reforms can adequately balance worker protections with operational efficiency. The paper concludes on how businesses may consider supporting worker needs while sustaining profitability, by drawing on the best global practices.
This study explores the motivations of mobile social media app users to engage in value co- creation in a Moroccan context. Using a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with 18 users of mobile social media applications, this study identified key motivations. These include trust (Shu and Chuang, 2011), ease of use and usefulness (Davis et al., 1989), interpersonal utility (Papacharissi and Rubin, 2000), attachment to the device (Gao et al., 2013), entertainment (Papacharissi and Rubin, 2000), and social motivations (Kim et al., 2013). The results suggest that user’s engagement in value co-creation is positively influenced by these motivations. This research enhances understanding of engagement dynamics in mobile social media applications, while yielding practical insights for application developers and marketing professionals.
This paper presents a formal framework for integrating multiple specialized large language models (LLMs) within a unified robotic cognitive architecture. We propose the Multi-Agent Robotic Intelligence System (MARIS), which employs a hierarchical coordination mechanism to synthesize outputs from heterogeneous AI models for enhanced decision-making in complex robotic tasks. Our approach is grounded in established multi-agent systems theory, distributed computing principles, and cognitive architectures research. Providing AI-mathematical formulations for inter-model communication protocols, present computational feasibility analysis, and propose comprehensive evaluation metrics. Through simulation studies and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate potential advantages over single-model approaches while addressing scalability, safety, and ethical considerations. The framework includes formal proofs of convergence properties and establishes bounds on system performance under various operational conditions.
Objective: The nursing process ensures quality care, but its inconsistent use in Nigerian institutions hinders best practices, affecting nursing education and clinical outcomes negatively. This study assessed the utilisation of the nursing process among midwives in selected hospitals in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: The study utilised quantitative approach involving a review of 134 case notes for quantitative data. Slovin’s formula was used to calculate the sample size of 134 case notes. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the case notes from the four hospitals by quota technique. Instrument for data collection was a rating scale for quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were used to provide answers to the research questions while inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results: In Hospital A, out of 49 case notes, 41 (83.7%) and 42 (85.7%) lacked adequate patient assessment records, 43 (87.8%) included laboratory reports, 40 (81%) lacked midwives’ nursing diagnoses, and 40 (85.6%) had no adequate nursing care plans. Hospital B had no records for assessment, diagnosis, or care plans. In Hospital C, 39 (83%) of 47 case notes showed inadequate use of assessment, diagnosis, and care plans. Hospital D showed better documentation: all 32 (100%) case notes had adequate assessments, 27 (84.4%) included nursing diagnoses, and 30 (93.8%) had care plans documented. Conclusion: Only one hospital had good evidence of utilisation of nursing process. Recommendations include enforcing institutional policies, improving staffing, and prioritizing continuous training. Keywords: Nursing process, Secondary healthcare facilities, Utilisation of the nursing process, Midwives, Documentation
This research explores the development and characterization of carbonized hybrid briquettes made from varying combinations of Moringa oleifera pod (MP), rice husk (RH), and sawdust (SD). The materials were blended in different proportions MP: RH:SD 100:0:0, 75:10:15, 50:25:25, 0:100:0, 10:15:75, 25:50:25, 0:0:100, 15:75:10, and 25:25:50. The resulting briquettes were analysed for their proximate properties (moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon), calorific value, bulk density, compressive strength, and Shatter resistance index. Findings revealed that the blending ratio had a significant impact on the fuel quality. The Calorific values range within 22.8 MJ/kg (100% MP) and 14.8 MJ/kg (100% RH). Optimal blends of 75:10:15, 10:15:75 and 25:25:50 showed good balance of properties yielding high calorific values (>21 MJ/kg) respectively, along with low ash content and high mechanical strength. In contrast, the sample with ratio 0:100:0 blend had the lowest calorific value 14.8 MJ/kg and the highest ash content. Briquettes rich in moringa pod and sawdust demonstrated superior combustion performance and structural stability. Overall, the study highlights the potential of biomass blending to enhance briquette quality, presenting a viable renewable energy source for both domestic and industrial application.
The study we conducted focused on the place of environmental programming within the RTNC/Kisangani schedule. The objective was to analyze the program schedule of this public media outlet to highlight the time allocated to environmental shows. The results demonstrate that crucial environmental issues, such as climate change and sustainable resource management, have a low priority. These topics tend to be underrepresented in programming, often overshadowed by political, informative, general, or entertainment-oriented broadcasts. Therefore, we recommend that RTNC/Kisangani strengthen its programming policy to increase the frequency and duration of environmental programs. The goal is to better inform, educate, and encourage the population to adopt sustainable behaviors in the face of the environmental challenges confronting the city of Kisangani. low priority. Keywords : climate change, sustainable resource management , low priority, underrepresented, environmental program
The physicochemical quality of the Tshopo River water during the year 2024 was the subject of this research. It appears that the water quality of the Tshopo River shows a significant difference between the quarters of the year 2024 (with a P = 0.9647). This is revealed by the results of analyses of more than seven physicochemical parameters (pH, turbidity, viscosity, conductivity, temperature, oxidizable matter, simple alkalimetric strength, and complete alkalimetric strength). The treatment of the Tshopo River water would be essential in our future research. Keywords: Quality, Physico-chemical, treated water, Tshopo Rivière.
The journalists at RFI analyzed the pre-election political crisis in the DRC based on political developments and the positions of the various actors (the incumbent government, the call for an alternation of power, and freedom of expression). These fundamental rights constitute the pillars of democracy. During this period of crisis, RFI journalists provided detailed and balanced media coverage of the opposition and civil society. Their reports and analyses have highlighted political tensions, the challenges associated with organizing elections (delays, irregularities, financing), security issues, particularly in eastern DRC, and the issues related to the legitimacy of the electoral process. Keywords : pre-election political crisis, alternation of power, freedom of expression, challenge, legitimacy.
—There is an urgent need for effective tools to summarize lengthy documents and extract key insights due to the rapid growth of digital information. A promising solution to this problem is abstractive summarization, which generates human-like summaries by interpreting and paraphrasing content. Abstractive summarization of lengthy text documents is made possible by this novel, user-friendly application that makes use of BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers). The application, developed with Streamlit, makes it easy to perform on-demand summarization by letting users directly enter text or upload PDF files. Long-form content summarization tasks are well-suited for our pre-trained model, which makes use of the facebook/bart large-cnn architecture. To get around transformer-based models' input length constraints, we implement a chunking mechanism that breaks up large documents into sections and makes it possible to process them. A summary is created and each segment is tokenized for maximum coherence, completeness, and relevance. The application, which is hosted by Streamlit and can be used for research, education, and professional purposes, has a user-friendly interface. This tool is useful for a wide range of document types because the summarization outputs have been evaluated and demonstrate high fidelity and clarity. This study demonstrates how an accessible interface for large-scale document summarization and robust abstractive capabilities of BART can be combined.
Water scarcity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a critical environmental and socio-economic challenge, driven by rapid urbanization, population growth, climate change, and unsustainable water management. The UAE’s hyper-arid climate and limited freshwater resources have led to heavy reliance on non-renewable groundwater and energy-intensive desalination, while inefficient agriculture further strains supply. This review examines the root causes of the water crisis and evaluates key national initiatives, including UAE Vision 2021, the Water Security Strategy 2036, and the Net Zero by 2050 Strategy, alongside their alignment with global sustainability goals like the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6. Based on government data, scientific literature, and global best practices, the study identifies both successes and ongoing challenges in the UAE’s water governance. Findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated, innovation-led approaches, including advanced desalination, expanded wastewater reuse, modern infrastructure, and sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration, public engagement, and sustained research investment. Achieving long-term water security will require systemic change toward climate-resilient and sustainable management. Aligning national strategies with international frameworks can help the UAE enhance water resilience, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to regional and global sustainability.
The state of charge (SOC) is an essential component in the battery management system (BMS) to optimize the longevity, safety, and performance of lithium-ion batteries. This paper proposes an adaptive dynamically adjusted correction factor-enhanced extended Kalman filter (ADACF-EEKF) based on the second-order resistor capacitor-electrical equivalent circuit model (SORC-EECM) for accurately estimating the SOC of lithium-ion batteries across a range of temperatures and working conditions. By introducing a correction factor lambda, λ, to the prior covariance matrix, the proposed ADACF-EEKF can adjust its reliance between the model and new measurements based on the model’s accuracy. Additionally, the EKF dynamically switches its reliance between the model and actual measurements by using a sigmoid function based on the innovation sequence to intelligently update the prior error covariance matrix. Experimental data from hybrid pulse power characterization, dynamic stress test, and Beijing bus dynamic stress test are used for the verification of the proposed ADACF-EEKF method. The comprehensive result shows that the proposed method has a maximum mean absolute error, mean square error, and root mean square error values of 3.39%, 0.2%, and 4.4765%. Meanwhile, the EKF has 9.44%, 2.1888%, and 14.7948%, respectively, at various temperatures under complex working conditions, demonstrating significant advances in battery monitoring and management.
The intermittency of renewable energy sources poses a critical challenge to modern power grid reliability and sustainability. This paper explores the application of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) to optimize energy distribution in renewable-based power grids. Using a hybrid classical-quantum approach, we simulated five test scenarios and compared the performance of QUBO optimization to traditional greedy algorithms. The results consistently show that QUBO models reduce transmission losses, improve node balance, and enhance overall grid efficiency. These findings suggest that quantum-inspired optimization can serve as a powerful tool in building sustainable, resilient energy infrastructure.
The importance of the social media as a vital tool for political communication and mobilization, since its inception cannot be overemphasized. The explosion of social media in recent times, has dramatically transformed the way information is created and disseminated. The social media offers a dynamic space for political participation, information sharing, and mobilization. The rise of platforms like Facebook, X (Formally Twitter), Instagram, Tik Tok, and YouTube has reshaped political campaigning and voter turnout strategies, offering both opportunities and threats to democratic processes. This paper examines the complex relationship between social media platforms and political engagement among youth and citizens in Nigeria. Specifically, it investigates the influence of various social media handles for political mobilization in Ekiti State of Nigeria through an exploration of user behavior, platform characteristics, and the evolving nature of political communication. The findings suggest that while social media is a powerful tool for political mobilization, there is every need for critical media literacy and innovative political strategies. Keywords: Social Media, Political Mobilization, Activism, Misinformation, Grassroots
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