Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Beef price is one of the factors that influence the demand for beef in Karangtanjung District, Pandeglang Regency. The tradition of consuming beef on religious holidays causes demand in the market to increase. The occurrence of this price fluctuation phenomenon is influenced by the imbalance between the level of local beef production and consumer demand for beef. By knowing the factors that influence the demand for beef such as price, price of substitute goods, consumer income and consumer tastes, it is expected to help producers and traders in planning more efficient production and distribution. The type of research used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Primary data and secondary data are the types of information collected for this study. The results of the simultaneous test show that the independent variables have a significant effect on the demand for beef in Karangtanjung Regency. Based on the results of the partial test, it can be concluded that individually the variables of beef price, chicken price, fish price, consumer income, and taste dummy have a significant effect on the demand for beef in Karangtanjung Regency. The results of the elasticity calculation show that the demand for beef is elastic to price and the results of the cross elasticity show that chicken has a fairly strong substitution relationship with beef. Based on the research results, it is recommended that beef traders collaborate with local farmers around Karangtanjung Regency to ensure the availability of a stable and quality beef supply.
Neonatal sepsis remains a significant contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial for favorable outcomes. This case report discusses the presentation, diagnostic approach, and successful management of a 4-day-old male neonate, the neonate, who presented with early-onset sepsis and respiratory distress. The infant responded well to empirical antibiotic therapy and supportive NICU care, highlighting the importance of early intervention and close monitoring in neonatal infections. The role of the clinical pharmacist in optimizing antimicrobial therapy and ensuring medication safety is also emphasized.
Mining Induced Relocation (MIR) is a growing reality in Africa as mineral extraction expands, often displacing communities and greatly changing their lives. While the general challenges of MIR are known, a detailed understanding of the long-term, real-life experiences of those displaced for mining is vital. Grounded in an interpretivist approach, this paper examines the Arda Transau community's post-2009 relocation experiences in Zimbabwe, where they were forcibly moved from Chiadzwa and Marange to pave way for diamond extraction. The study explored both positive and negative aspects, detailing social, economic, cultural, and political experiences. Using a qualitative method, data from thirteen interviews and two group discussions were thematically analysed. Though some families gained new houses, findings show these benefits were largely overshadowed by negative impacts. Key problems included broken social ties, severe poverty from inadequate compensation, widespread powerlessness due to limited involvement, and cultural identity loss. These impacts disproportionately affected vulnerable groups including women, young people, people with disabilities, and the elderly. The study concludes each relocation is unique. Fully assessing specific needs before moving a community is vital for effective support plans that reduce negative outcomes. Recommendations focus on establishing practical livelihood restoration programmes to overcome economic hardship; creating avenues for genuine community participation to counter powerlessness; developing cultural heritage initiatives to preserve identity and social ties; and designing specific support for vulnerable groups. These steps protect displaced people's rights and well-being, offering practical ideas for improved, human-centred MIR policies for MIR communities like Arda Transau.
Mining Induced Relocation (MIR) severely disrupts communities worldwide, often exacerbating vulnerabilities and leading to long-term hardship. While the negative impacts of MIR are well-documented, a critical gap remains in understanding how affected communities themselves implement resilience strategies in the challenging post-relocation environment. This research paper examines the community-led resilience strategies employed by the Arda Transau community in Zimbabwe following their involuntary relocation from Chiadzwa and Marange for diamond mining and evaluates the effectiveness and inherent limitations of these strategies. Operating within an interpretivist paradigm, the study utilised a qualitative research approach with an exploratory case study design. Data were collected through 13 in-depth, semi-structured interviews and two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with relocated community members. Thematic analysis revealed that the Arda Transau community actively adopted diverse coping and adaptation strategies in response to their social, economic, cultural/spiritual, and political/governance challenges. These included livelihood restoration and diversification efforts such as small-scale farming initiatives, beekeeping, poultry, gardening projects, and the critical engagement in informal trading and cross-border commerce, particularly among women and youth. Social and cultural rebuilding efforts were evident through the reliance on church networks as social safety nets, which helped restore emotional and spiritual well-being, and the continuation of cultural education by traditional leaders despite displacement from ancestral lands. However, the study found that the community's capacity to respond to crucial challenges in infrastructure and services and effective participation, advocacy, and rights awareness was severely limited and largely beyond their collective capacities, forcing them to endure these challenges post-relocation. The research concludes that while these community-led efforts demonstrated agency and provided immediate coping mechanisms, their overall effectiveness in achieving genuine, sustainable well-being and comprehensive restoration was profoundly constrained. This limitation stemmed from inadequate external support, persistent socio-economic challenges, and power imbalances that disproportionately affected vulnerable groups including women, youth, persons with disabilities, and the elderly. The study recommends that achieving genuine restoration requires a paradigm shift towards evidence-based, community-driven approaches that comprehensively assess community strengths pre-relocation and invest in long-term, enhanced, and context-specific adaptation support. Key recommendations advocate for implementation of start-up grants and revolving funds for community-led businesses, ensuring access to arable land with irrigation potential and markets, fostering culturally appropriate housing designs and dedicated communal spaces, and the provision of essential infrastructure. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical need for transparent grievance mechanisms and empowering community political influence to complement inherent community resilience.
Background: As global efforts to mitigate climate change intensify, there is a critical need for granular, sub-national data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to inform effective, context-specific policies. In rapidly urbanizing regions of developing countries like Nigeria, understanding the distinct emission profiles of different societal sectors is paramount, yet such data remains scarce. This study addresses this gap by examining the sources and magnitudes of GHG emissions from households and businesses in a major economic hub in the Niger Delta. Aim: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the greenhouse gas emission profiles, sources, and associated financial costs arising from energy consumption in households and businesses within the Obio-Akpor Local Government Area (LGA) of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, covering the 2022 calendar year. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 9 households and 19 businesses (stratified into 14 small and 5 large companies) within Obio-Akpor LGA. A specialized GHG accounting toolkit was used to collect data on the consumption of eight different energy sources (including petrol, diesel, and electricity) and their associated costs. The toolkit calculated annual GHG emissions in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) for each participant, enabling a detailed comparative analysis. Results: The findings revealed distinct emission patterns between the sectors. Household emissions were dominated by petrol/gasoline (average 2,822.53 tCO2e per household) and electricity consumption, with a total average emission of 10,289 tCO2e per household annually. Small businesses showed a mixed reliance on diesel, petrol, and electricity, with an average annual emission of 3,124 tCO2e. Large companies were the most significant emitters, with profiles dominated by diesel and electricity consumption, reaching an average of 13,732 tCO2e per company and a maximum of 38,383 tCO2e for a single entity. The financial burden of energy was substantial across all groups, with large companies spending up to ₦7,336,000 annually. Conclusion: The study concludes that while both households and businesses are significant contributors to local GHG emissions in Obio-Akpor, their emission profiles, primary fuel sources, and scale of impact are vastly different. Large industrial and commercial entities are disproportionately larger emitters on a per-entity basis than households. This necessitates a differentiated, dual-track policy approach for effective climate mitigation. Recommendations include investing in grid stability to reduce generator dependency, promoting decentralized renewable energy solutions, implementing targeted energy efficiency regulations for large consumers, and scaling up the use of GHG accounting tools to foster data-driven climate action at the local level. Keywords: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon Footprint, Energy Consumption, Comparative Analysis, Households, Businesses, Obio-Akpor, Nigeria, Climate Change Mitigation.
This study provides compelling evidence that stock market development plays a significant role in driving Nepal’s economic growth. Using secondary data from 2000/01 to 2022/23 sourced from Nepal Rastra Bank and the Ministry of Finance, the research employed a descriptive and correlational design alongside regression models to assess the impact of stock market indicators; market capitalization, trading turnover, number of listed securities, and NEPSE index on GDP. The findings reveal strong positive correlations between GDP and market capitalization (r = 0.918), NEPSE index (r = 0.872), and listed companies (r = 0.812), suggesting that capital mobilization and investor confidence significantly contribute to economic expansion. Although trading turnover showed a positive but statistically insignificant relationship, it indicates supportive but underdeveloped market liquidity. These results validate both financial intermediation and traditional growth theories, underscoring that the expansion of the capital market fosters financial sector development. The increasing number of listed companies also points to institutional improvements and growing market depth. The study recommends enhancing NEPSE’s capacity to improve domestic resource mobilization, while urging the government to address tax, legal, and regulatory barriers to capital market growth. Future research should integrate macroeconomic and institutional variables like interest rates, inflation, FDI, and governance, while employing advanced econometric models such as VECM, ARDL, or Granger causality to better understand the stock market–growth nexus. Comparative and qualitative studies could further enrich insights, guiding evidence-based policy for Nepal’s capital market development.
The study examined Integrating Forensic Accounting Techniques in Internal Control Structure of Donor Funded Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Nigeria. Fraud affects all types of organizations, including NGOs, regardless of their nature. Despite having internal controls, fraud persists and is increasing, highlighting the need to strengthen these controls. The study used a survey design with a purposive sample of 380 certified accountants from donor-funded NGOs and audit firms in Abuja. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling in R Studio (version 4.3.1).The regression coefficient results from the analysis revealed that all tested forensic accounting techniques (Forensic accounting data analysis techniques -FADAT, forensic accounting technology - FAT, forensic accounting investigative techniques -FAIT and forensic accounting surveillance techniques - FAST) have significant and positive impact on the internal control structure of donor funded NGOs. Furthermore, the demography of respondent shows that there are very limited number of certified accountants with forensic accounting certification in audit firms and donor funded NGOs. The study recommends that NGOs integrate forensic accounting techniques (FAT) into their internal controls, while professional bodies like Institute of Chartered Accountant of Nigerian (ICAN) and Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN) should promote forensic accounting certification. The study recommends that governments should support this through policy and engagement. Additionally, similar studies should be conducted in other Nigerian states to assess the influence of regional differences on the findings.
This study investigates the influence of organizational climate on employee performance in the Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka. Drawing on a structured survey and 360-degree performance evaluations, the study explores four key dimensions: reward systems, teamwork, career development, and managerial direction. Data from 100 employees were analyzed using SPSS 16.0, employing descriptive, correlation, and regression techniques. Results reveal significant positive effects of teamwork and managerial direction on employee performance, while career development exhibited moderate impact and reward systems showed no significant effect. The findings emphasize the importance of collaboration, effective leadership, and professional growth in fostering organizational productivity in public-sector institutions. Keywords: Organizational climate, employee performance, teamwork, leadership, public sector
The study examined the issue of teacher absenteeism and its effect on learners' academic performance in three selected primary schools in Kasama District. Teacher absenteeism, whether due to authorized leave, illness, or unprofessional conduct, has been identified as a critical barrier to consistent teaching and learning. This study adopted a descriptive research design to examine teacher absenteeism and its effect on learners’ academic performance in three selected primary schools in Kasama district of Northern Province, Zambia. A sample of 140 respondents was adopted, involving headteachers, teachers, learners and parents. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires while qualitative data were gathered through interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis involved the use of statistical tools such as SPSS for quantitative data, where frequencies, percentages, and correlation analysis were performed. On the other hand, qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found that frequent teacher absences significantly disrupted the teaching and learning process, leading to incomplete syllabus coverage, reduced learner motivation, and lower academic performance among pupils, particularly in core subjects such as Mathematics and English. The study further revealed that the absence of robust monitoring mechanisms and weak enforcement of attendance policies contributed to unchecked absenteeism. School administrators often lacked the capacity or support to consistently track and address absenteeism, allowing the problem to persist and impact learner outcomes. The findings underscore the urgent need for stronger accountability systems, improved teacher support, and community involvement to address absenteeism and ensure a stable, effective learning environment in primary schools.
This study assessed the effects of cashless policy on the households in Ekiti State. A multistage sampling procedure was employed 90 respondents for the study. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s Rho analysis. Findings shows that the mean age of the respondents was 39 years. Majority (93.33%) of the respondents are married with a mean household size of 5 persons. The mean monthly income of the households was ₦69,055.56. PoS, ATM, Bank App, etc. were deployed in carrying out cashless transaction in the study area. The households in the study area were faced with excessive charges on transaction, delay in transaction, poor network, failed transaction, crime, low public acceptance in the cause of cashless transaction. The study revealed that cashless policy have significant effect on the households as it causes hunger (3.0), causes low access to daily need (3.0) causes cash scarcity at home (2.83), causes malnutrition (2.6), low sales and low productivities (2.47) and (2.24) respectively in the livelihood of the respondent in the study area. However, The Rho’s result reveals that socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents has a significant relationship with the effects of cashless policy on the household in the study area. The study therefore concluded that a Cashless policy has a significant effect on the household in the study area and thus recommends that the charges on bank apps and other e-transactions media should be reduced, while stable electricity and internet services should be provided by the government to enhance e-transactions.
L’étude réalisée à Pala révèle une gestion déficiente des déchets ménagers, générant des impacts environnementaux et sanitaires majeurs. Sur 120 ménages enquêtés, 74 % brûlent leurs déchets à l’air libre, et 18 % les jettent dans les rues ou terrains vagues, faute d’un système efficace de collecte. L’incinération incontrôlée concerne également les déchets biomédicaux, notamment à l’hôpital central où certains déchets sont brûlés sous les arbres, exposant la population à des substances toxiques. Sur dix centres de santé visités, seulement trois disposent d’incinérateurs fonctionnels. Les déchets, mêlant plastiques, métaux et matières organiques, sont souvent déposés sur des sols nus proches des habitations et des points d’eau. La décomposition des déchets organiques produit des lixiviats qui infiltrent les sols, contaminant les nappes phréatiques superficielles. Dans les quartiers riverains du fleuve Mayo-Dallah qui serpente la ville, 68 % des puits sont situés à moins de 10 mètres des fosses rudimentaires, creusées sans normes sanitaires, augmentant les risques de contamination fécale. La défécation à l’air libre, pratiquée dans 41 % des ménages, accentue ces risques. Environ 43 % des ménages déclarent avoir souffert de maladies hydriques telles que diarrhée, choléra ou hépatite, liées à la pollution des eaux. Cette situation met en évidence l’urgence d’un système de gestion durable des déchets, combinant infrastructures adaptées, réglementation sanitaire renforcée et sensibilisation communautaire pour protéger la santé publique et l’environnement à Pala.
This research determinations to consider the perceived administrative efficiency of the Value added tax (VAT) in Nepal. The specific objectives are: analysis of the perceived administrative efficiency of VAT collection and current status of VAT of Government of Nepal. The study follows descriptive and explanatory research designs to explore the administrative efficiency its problems, prospects, policies and the ability of the Government of Nepal to collect VAT. The current study has based on primary data to measure perceived administrative efficiency for VAT collection and status of the VAT conducting field survey using pre-structured questionnaires. Altogether 400 respondents from the four categories are interviewed: 100 from VAT payers, 100 from VAT administration, 100 from VAT experts and 100 from business community all over the country, respondents were requested to indicate their degree of conformity with specified statements using 5-point scale. The regression results of perceived issues show that the sign of all the independent variables are as per priority and expectation. The computed F-statistic is also higher than table value at 99% level of significance indicating that there is a presence of relationship, as adjusted R^2 : 0.391. The observed adjusted R^2 shows that the issues regarding administrative efficiency of VAT and other independent variable is affected administrative efficiency for VAT collection to the extent of 39.1% point. It shows that the variation in dependent variable is explained to 39% by the variables of independent variables included in the model
Climate variation is becoming more evident in recent times, with increase in temperature, heat, and reduction in soil water content. It is now pertinent to provide water through irrigation for agricultural production especially during the off-season. This study investigated factors influencing willingness to pay for irrigation among farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Contingent Valuation Method, and Logit regression. The result revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 39.4 years, while the mean household size was 4. Majority of the respondents (87.4%) were male, 88.5% of the respondents were literates. Also, over half of the respondents (54.7%) had other occupations asides from farming, while 35.4% had less than 10 years farming experience. Most of the respondents (64.1%) depended on rainfall, while 23.4% depended solely on rivers for irrigation water for agricultural production. Findings from the study also showed that 76.6% of the respondents were willing to pay for irrigation, and the mean amount willing to be paid by the farmers was ₦9,607.14/acre per year. Factors influencing farmer’s willingness to pay for irrigation water were household size (0.6261), other occupation (0.5348) and irrigation experience (0.9721). The study concluded that respondents were willing to pay for irrigation. Since farmers rely mostly on rain-fed agriculture, it is therefore recommended that concerned body at all levels should organize seasoned training on improved methods of irrigation like the drip and sprinkler methods which are viable alternatives to rain-fed agriculture.
Anaemia is one of commonest hematological condition seen in the tropical Africa. This is hereditary blood diseases causes by abnormal formation of red blood cell which appears in a crescent shape instead of the normal disc shape. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia among children from age group1-10 years attending federal teaching hospital Ido Ekiti from January to June 2022. Purposive sampling technique was adopted. Secondary data of 154 patients were collected from Health Information Management unit from Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti. Data collected were analysed by using SPSS 19.0. Data were represented in frequency distribution, mean, standard derivation and charts. The finding of the study revealed that 0-1 years were 55.8%, 2-3 years were 8.4%, 4-5 years were 10.4%, 5-7years were 14.3%, 8-9 years were 7.1% and 10-11 years were 3.9%. Male had 110 (71.4%) while female had 44 (28 6%). The prevalence of anemia: 28.6% of the patients had mild anaemia, 2.6% of the patients had moderate anemia and 0.6% of the patients had severe anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia in male was 31.8% of the male subjects had mild anemia, 3.6% had moderate anaemia and 1.8% had severe anaemia. And 23.4% of female patients had moderate anemia. Therefore, age group < 1 were more suffered from severe anaemia. Male children were suffering from anaemia more than female children. The researcher recommended that children under one year should be given exclusive breast feeding and their mothers should feed on balance diet and Male children should be given adequate balance diet and female children should not left out Key Words: Moderate, Mild, Patient, Severe, Children
The study examined the farm risks and management strategies among arable crop farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 105 respondents for this study. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools, such as frequency counts and percentages. The average age was 56 years, with more than half being males (58.1%), and the majority were married (61.0%). The major sources of risk to arable crop farmers include pests and diseases (100%), erratic rainfall (100%), high cost of inputs (98.1%), low produce prices (97.1%), and inadequate soil nutrients (97%). Farmer’s attitude to risk management in crop production shows that the majority (92.4%) of the farmers do not adopt crop insurance in their crop practice, 97.1% engage in the planting of profitable crops, and 89.5% practice mixed cropping. The major risk management strategies adopted by arable crop farmers include selecting low and reliable risk enterprises (x̄=1.98), diversification to reduce the impact of risk (x̄=1.92) and adoption of production inputs that ensure better quality and quantity of farm products (x̄=1.90). The results, therefore, call for policies aimed at encouraging financial institutions to collaborate with insurance companies to insure agricultural credit facilities in order to indirectly insure crop farms due to the inevitable risk involved in the food crop farming business. There is a need to encourage farmers to insure their farms and products against uncertain events. Banks and financial NGOs, as well as the government’s Poverty Alleviation Fund programme, are encouraged to strengthen the provision of credit assistance to food crop farmers to enable them to adopt the most efficient practices to increase produce beyond subsistence level. Farmers are encouraged to form cooperatives to help manage marketing-related problems Keywords: Farm risks, Smallholder, Management strategies, Risk behaviour, Small scale, Arable crops
The study investigated the performance of cement and bagasse ash composite as soil stabilizer. The bagasse ash was obtained from Costus adolphi-friderici Loes. Expansive soil samples collected along a newly constructed road in Rivers State, Nigeria were prepared and analyzed to investigate the improvement in the soil properties such as maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) after being stabilized with bagasse ash, cement and their composite. The results revealed that the initial values of MDD, OMC, liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI), California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the expansive soil were greatly altered after stabilization with cement, bagasse ash and their composite mixture. There was increase in CBR (unsoaked and soaked soil samples) and UCS with increasing proportion of the bagasse ash, in which the optimum UCS and CBR was recorded at 8% proportion of bagasse ash. This improvement indicates that the bagasse ash alone or with cement, can be used as stabilizing material. Therefore, bagasse ash processed from Costus adolphi-friderici Loes is recommended to be used in stabilization of soil for road pavement and load bearing soils. Keywords: Stabilization, Costus adolphi-friderici Loes, MDD, OMC, CBR and Consistency Limits
The Niger Delta of Nigeria has been regarded as very rich in natural resources. This abundance in natural resources is not reflected in the social economic development of the region. The region despite contributing a larger share to the national economic coffers is a picture of poverty and deprivation. Its turbulent geographical characteristics had made it a difficult area to develop physically. Several boards and agencies had been established by the government of the country to address these physical challenges and bring development to the people. For this purpose also, millions of naira had been given out to these boards and agencies in the past to pursue this goal yet the region is still miles away from development. The latest of these agencies is the Niger Delta Development Commission established in 2000. To help the Commission function effectively, the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan was prepared to act as a guide in the performance of its duties in the region. The master plan was prepared to address different aspect of life of the people and has existed without interruption unlike other agencies in the past. One area of interest to this research study is the area of rural road infrastructural development. After over twenty years of implementation of the master plan, the research tends to ask such questions as ‘how had the rural people of the region benefited from the implementation of the rural road infrastructural development of the plan? What are the challenges confronting the commission in its operation? This research was concluded after several months of intensive field work. The paper made good use of both primary and secondary sources of data
This study provides a foundational analysis of the Sustainable Enterprise Project (SEP), underway in selected Upazilas of Bangladesh, whose primary objective is to assist micro-enterprises in pursuing growth that is both environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the investigation integrates household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to construct a comprehensive portrait of the local enterprise ecosystem. It examines the configuration of enterprises, income distributions, environmental management practices, and the architecture of institutional support. Particular emphasis is placed on enterprises that women manage, wherein the analysis elucidates the distinct constraints and enabling conditions that characterise their operating environments. The results are intended to inform the design of SEP’s forthcoming activities by pinpointing sector-specific difficulties, environmental shortcomings, and social impediments, thereby producing evidence-based policy and programmatic recommendations that can fortify the trajectory of sustainable micro-enterprise development.
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