Volume 13, Issue 7, August 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Building a Knowledge-Based Economy in Oman: Educational Reforms under Vision 2040 []


Oman Vision 2040 is a bold road map towards transforming Sultanate economy that currently relies on resources to becoming knowledge-based economy (KBE), in which the source of sustained economic growth is innovation, education, and technology. The paper shall examine how educational reforms are key in bringing this change and the success rate of the present policies and programs with national goals. It assesses the extent to which policy reforms are aligned with labor market requirements, institutions are being remodeled in support of innovation and how digital learning is becoming an important facilitator of learning. By means of evaluating official strategies of the governments, academic sources, and regional benchmarks, the study given outlines the spheres of improvement, like curriculum renewal, digital education incorporation, and research advancement. Nevertheless, some challenges such as rural access gaps, decentralization, and low participation of the private sector, are reiterated. The paper can argue that the process of Oman shifting to a sustainable KBE will not only be about articulating policy, but it will also involve profound changes in culture, institutions and leadership to promote the process of continuous learning, interdisciplinary learning and capacity building. Vision 2040 in general establishes a bright course of action that should be followed, but only regular launching of the plan and the willingness of partners to help achieve its goals can result in its full efficiency.

EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT ON JOB PERFORMANCE AT WORLD RELIEF RWANDA []


ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of employee empowerment on job performance at World Relief Rwanda, focusing on decision-making authority, access to resources and information, and training & development opportunities. Using a quantitative approach, data were gathered from 132 employees through surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. Findings reveal that decision-making autonomy (coefficient = 0.338), access to resources and information (0.329), and training and development (0.330) are all positively correlated with job performance. Although there is some variation in perceived resource availability, each factor plays a significant role. The study emphasizes the importance of a holistic empowerment strategy that integrates these elements to enhance performance. Recommendations include increasing employee decision-making power, ensuring equal resource and information access, aligning training and development with job roles and goals, and adopting a comprehensive empowerment approach. Overall, the research confirms that effective employee empowerment significantly boosts job performance, and addressing current gaps can lead to improved organizational outcomes. Keywords: Employee Empowerment, Job Performance, Decision-Making Authority, Human Resource Management, Organizational Effectiveness.

Analyse sur le dimensionnement de la structure routière en chaussée souple de la route nationale numéro 04 tronçon Kisangani buta du pk 3+200 au pk 10+00 à Kisangani/RDC []


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Impact of Dumpsite Wastes on Soil Properties and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Kontagora, Nigeria []


The study examined impact of dumpsite wastes on soil properties and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn and Fe) concentrations in Kontagora town, Niger State, Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)- AAnalyst 200 was used to determine the concentrations of the heavy metals. The study revealed higher physicochemical parameters of soils at the dumpsites than the control site: pH (6.55 > 6.01), TOM (2.83 > 2.09 %), TN (0.15 > 0.09 %), exchangeable bases (4.27 > 3.82 cmol/kg), CEC (4.30 > 3.87 cmol/kg), EC (360.82 > 211.13 µS/cm). The soils indicate accumulation of metals, possibly as a result of human activities, atmospheric deposition, and migration and infiltration of leachates from dumpsite wastes. Heavy metals in soils around the dumpsites recorded higher values ranging from 0.13 to 102.87 mg/kg than the control soil with values ranging from 0.00 to 36.83 mg/kg irrespective of the metals and soil samples. Cd had the least concentrations while Fe recorded the highest concentrations in the soils. The concentrations of the heavy metals which are below the standard recommended limits set for soils suggest a low/no pollution potential. With the analytical results obtained, it is recommended among others that the soils should be continuously monitored, regularly treated adequately and be subjected to statistical evaluation and pollution indices to ascertain its agro potentiality for crops production.

The Theory for Designing a Novel 3D Nanostructured Crystalline Solar Cell / Tower as Vertical Model with Integrated Optical Concentration for Enhanced Photovoltaic Efficiency []


This paper presents a novel model of a three-dimensional (3D) solar cell constructed from nanostructured crystalline materials and integrated with angularly aligned optical mirrors to concentrate solar radiation. The design aims to enhance photovoltaic efficiency while drastically reducing spatial footprint compared to traditional flat-panel photovoltaics. By combining geometric optimization, advanced light-absorbing nanomaterials, and passive light concentration techniques, this model proposes a compact, scalable, and high-output alternative to conventional solar systems. The paper discusses the theoretical design, potential fabrication strategies, expected efficiency gains, and compares the model with existing photovoltaic technologies.

Application of Supply Chains Using Blockchain Theory in Oil Companies- A Case Study []


Abstract: This study examines the potential of blockchain technology to improve supply chain management in oil companies by building a more secure, transparent, and efficient system that enhances transaction trust. The global oil industry suffers from chronic problems such as product tampering, theft, data falsification, and weak tracking systems. Traditional supply chains in this sector rely on manual methods and outdated centralized systems, making them vulnerable to errors, manipulation, and fraud. Hence, the importance of blockchain technology, which relies on distributed digital ledgers that ensure that every transaction within the system is recorded in a secure, unalterable, and unmodified manner. When combined with smart contracts—digital agreements that automatically execute orders when certain conditions and instructions are met—human intervention can be reduced, processes accelerated, and the chances of fraud and manipulation can be reduced.The use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices can also be used to monitor the conditions and quality of oil during its transportation and storage, allowing companies to accurately track supply chain data in real time—from the fields where it is extracted to the marketing stations. The paper included real-life case studies, including the experience of the Bangladesh National Oil Company, where blockchain technology was implemented to track sales and transportation operations, improve supply transparency, and reduce the chances of manipulation and fraud. The results showed that this new system provides accurate and secure tracking and high-quality data, helping to detect any defects or corruption more quickly. Despite the benefits derived from this technology, the implementation of blockchain technology faces some challenges, such as high implementation costs, the need for trained and qualified personnel, and legal and regulatory difficulties. Therefore, experts recommend a gradual implementation of the technology, beginning with employee training and building advanced technical infrastructure that keeps pace with global developments, with the involvement of all stakeholders.Ultimately, the study confirms that the use of blockchain technology can bring about a significant transformation in supply chain management in the oil sector by building more reliable, trustworthy, and secure systems, thereby reducing manipulation and enhancing the overall efficiency of downstream operations.

THE IMPACT OF FADAMA III PROGRAM ON THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF THE BENEFICIARIES IN KEBBI STATE []


Abstract The study examined the impact fadama III program on the income and expenditure of beneficiaries in Kebbi state. Random sampling was used in selecting 300 beneficiaries in 21 local government kebbi state. 14 beneficiaries were selected from each local government. Primary data and secondary data were used in this study The tools used in data collection were structured questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics was used in data analysis which involved frequencies, percentages and mean. The findings of the study revealed that the income of the beneficiaries increased from N193544.27 before the program to N363875.05 after the program. The level of expenditure of the beneficiaries increased from N175442.17 before the program to N282565.27 after the program. The study recommended that the beneficiaries should use the intervention appropriately. Extension workers should do more in educating the beneficiaries on how to keep financial records of their farming activities effectively. The intervention should be given out at the right time to enable beneficiaries to execute their plans effectively and efficiently.

Speech to text Audio Lecture Transcription using Deep learning []


CTThis research work focuses on the development of a robust system for transcribing audio lectures into text using advanced deep learning techniques. This research work addresses this need by leveraging state-of-the-art of neural networks to convert spoken language into written text, facilitating better access to educational resources for all learners, including those with hearing impairments. The system is built upon a deep learning framework Whisper, the pre-trained audio-to-text transcription model developed by OpenAI. It utilizes the transformer architecture which are particularly effective for sequence-to-sequence tasks like speech recognition due to their ability to handling range dependencies and parallel processing. The model is trained on large datasets of audio lectures, enabling it to learn and generalize across various accents, speaking styles, and academic terminologies. To enhance transcription accuracy, the system incorporates techniques like data augmentation, noise reduction, and attention mechanisms. Evaluation of the system demonstrates high accuracy in transcribing lectures, making it a valuable tool for educational institutions and platforms that offer online courses.

Reussir l'entrepreneuriat :"Conseils et qualités" []


Plusieurs personnes entreprennent mais peu parviennent à bien fructifier leur capital de démarrage de leurs business. Généralement c'est seulement 10% de ceux qui entreprennent qui connaissent le vrai succès entrepreneurial. Cet article a pour but d'explorer les conseils et qualités de ceux qui ont connu les succès entrepreneurial en vue d'aider ceux qui désir la carrière entrepreneurial car dit-on, les mêmes causes produisent les mêmes effets.

DOLLARISATION ET ACTIVITES ECONOMIQUES EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO DE 2000-2023 []


Dans cette étude, il a été question de déterminer l’incidence de la dollarisation sur les activités économiques de la RDC. Pour vérification de nos hypothèses, nous avons fait recours à la méthode quantitative et la méthode analytique ainsi que la technique documentaire et d’observation directe. La méthode des Moindres Carrés Ordinaires (MCO) utilisée dans cette étude avec un modèle de régression linéaire multiple a comporté trois variables dont une endogène (taux de croissance PIB) et deux exogènes (taux de dollarisation et taux d’inflation). Apres analyse des données, nous avons abouti au résultat qui démontre que l'hyperinflation des années 1990, La prédominance du secteur informel, les incertitudes liées à l’inflation, l’instabilité macroéconomique, la forte préférence pour les devises, la depréciation monétaire, la faible capacité de production locale, le déficit de la balance commerciale sont les principaux facteurs de la dollarisation de l’économie congolaise et e taux de dollarisation influe négativement à hauteur de 0,37% sur le taux de croissance du PIB en République Démocratique du Congo. C’est-à-dire que s’il y augmentation du taux de dollarisation, il y aurait diminution du taux de croissance du PIB de 0,37%.

Promoting the use and feasibility of vermicompost to enhance soil fertility in agro ecological zones of South Punjab []


Changing climate adversely affecting crop production. Organic and inorganic farming serves as an alternative to traditional methods that depend heavily on synthetic inputs. Earthworms are found almost all over the world, being absent only from regions where soil is sandy and deficient in humus. They live usually in the upper layers of slightly damp soil, lawns and gardens. Vermicomposting is the scientific method of making compost, by using earthworms. It means worm-farming. Earthworms feed on the organic waste materials and give out excreta in the form of “vermicasts” that are rich in nitrates and minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium. Vermicompost is rich in beneficial micro flora such as a fixer of Phosphorus, solubilizers, cellulose decomposing micro-flora etc in addition to improve soil environment. These are used as fertilizers and enhance soil quality. Vermicompost is proving to be highly nutritive organic fertilizer and more powerful growth promoter over the conventional composts against the destructive chemical fertilizers. The compost is rich in NKP nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium micronutrients, and beneficial soil microbes and also contain plant growth hormones & enzymes. Vermicomposting comprises two methods one is the bed method which is an easy method in which beds of organic matter are prepared and other is pit method: In this method, the organic matter is collected in cemented pits. However, this method is not prominent as it involves problems of poor aeration and waterlogging. The objective of this study is to promote the use and feasibility of vermicompost to enhance soil fertility in agro ecological zones of South Punjab by telling the importance of earthworm rearing at a small piece of land. Keywords: Vermicasts, Earthworm, vermicomposting,

NGUYEN TRAI’S POLITICAL THOUGHT []


“Nguyen Trai’s political thought” is vibrant and profound. It can be encapsulated as a synthesis of key viewpoints, centered on several core themes: the spirit of patriotism, the determination for national independence, the emphasis on self-reliance and resilience, and the moral integrity expected of rulers, particularly the virtues of loyalty (trung) and filial piety (hiếu). He also emphasized the concepts of humaneness and righteousness (nhân nghĩa), securing the People’s livelihood (an dân), eliminating tyranny (trừ bạo), and respect for life (hiếu sinh). Notably, Nguyen Trai advanced highly progressive views on the role of the people, affirming that they are the creators of material wealth in society and the principal force in determining the nation's fate. It is precise that this perspective enabled his political thought to become a unifying banner, gathering strength from all directions. Nguyen Trai is thus worthy of being recognized as “a man of complete talent and virtue” [3, p.11]. As observed by later scholars, “one only needs to read the Great Proclamation upon the Pacification of the Wu (Bình Ngô đại cáo), the military dispatches, and his deliberations at court to find that every word is reworked with profound moral meaning. These words are enduring lessons for his contemporaries and future generations”.

Dynamics of Workforce Sustainability and Retention: Improving Performance in the future of the Hospitality Industry []


Key Words: Dynamics, Employee Retention, Employee Turnover, Workforce, Sustainability, Organizational Performance, Hospitality Industry ABSTRACT Employing people to fill vacancies is vital to the success of every organization. However, one of the most important factors is the ability to retain the right people. Hence, the need to look at retention and its impact on organizational performance with a focused look at the hospitality industry in the Accra Metropolis. A quantitative research approach was employed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) supported by AMOS 23.0 with maximum likelihood estimation to test the proposed hypotheses. It was found that employee retention has significant but inverse relationship with employee turnover. Also, employee turnover had significant and inverse relationship with organizational performance whilst employee retention had significant and positive relationship with organizational performance. The findings from this study provide a comprehensive framework for both academic and managerial responses to resolve the labour and skill shortage crises especially in the hospitality industry.

The Role of ICT in Expanding the Reach of News Dissemination in Congo []


This paper investigates the ways information and communication technology (ICT) is transforming how far news travels in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a vast country confronted by immense socio-economic, cultural and geographical obstacles. To answer these research questions, which focused on how ICT impacts access to news, the challenges to media organisations faced by ICT tools, and the opportunities posed by their adoption for improving the provision of news, the study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional design with a sample of 300 respondents comprising of journalists, rural citizens and policymakers. Using descriptive statistics, inferential tests, and neural network modeling in IBM SPSS to analyze the data, the findings indicate that whilst ICT provides unmatched opportunities to narrow the urban-rural information gap and increase civic engagement, device costs, infrastructure, digital literacy, and cultural resistance hinder ICT uptake, identified as affecting around 10% and 5% of respondents in terms of increased exposure to misinformation and reduced access to news, respectively. This is reflected in the predominance of traditional news sources (e.g., television) over ICT-based platforms (68.8% in training sample), limited cultural relevance (30.1%–47.9% across education levels), and low awareness of public-private partnerships (20.5%–34.2% uncertainty). Understanding ICT uptake trends make it clear that without strategic interventions, ICT can be rendered powerless and that subsidies, digital literacy campaigns, culturally relevant content and better policy support are needed to unleash ICT's potential (Sharma et al. 2007). The paper deduces that ICT has the potential to revolutionise the way news dissemination occurs in the DRC but current socio-economic infrastructural, educational, and cultural challenges need to be addressed in order to nuture an informed and empowered society. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), News Dissemination, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Digital Divide, Media Accessibility, Rural Development, Cultural Relevance

Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Arduino-Based Newton’s Law of Cooling Apparatus []


Newton’s law of cooling describes how the temperature of a body approaches ambient temperature over time, yielding an exponential decay form. We designed and constructed a low-cost apparatus to experimentally verify this law. The device comprises an inner copper calorimeter inside an insulated outer chamber, integrated with digital temperature sensors and an Arduino Uno microcontroller for automated data acquisition. In experiments, water was heated to a known initial temperature and its temperature evolution was logged continuously as it cooled naturally. The measured cooling curves follow the expected exponential decay predicted by Newton’s law. A fit of the data yields a cooling rate constant k ≈ 1.0×10⁻³ s⁻¹, in line with theoretical estimates for free-convection cooling of water. This Arduino-based apparatus successfully demonstrates Newtonian cooling, offering a practical tool for teaching heat transfer in laboratory settings. Its low cost and modular design allow easy adaptation and real-time temperature tracking, effectively bridging theoretical concepts and hands-on experimentation.

TECTONIC INTERPRETATION OF BASEMENT STRUCTURES IN IJEBU-ODE AREA USING AEROMAGNETIC METHOD []


The Ijebu-Ode region in southwestern Nigeria forms part of the Nigerian Precambrian Basement Complex, characterized by multiple tectonic imprints resulting from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic events. This study applies high-resolution aeromagnetic data processing — including Analytic Signal Amplitude (ASA), Euler deconvolution (Structural Index = 1), and integrated structural mapping — to delineate major fault systems and assess their tectonic significance. Results reveal NW–SE and NE–SW trending fault systems consistent with Pan-African deformation, overprinted by later reactivation phases. Interpretation suggests a polyphase tectonic history involving crustal collision, transcurrent shearing, and later extensional reactivation, which influenced crustal architecture and structural deformation. The findings refine the tectonic model for the region and contribute to understanding deformation patterns in similar West African basement terrains.

Comparative analysis of Bio-gas produced from Cow dung and Poultry dung. []


This study compares biogas production from cow dung and poultry dung, aiming to evaluate the efficiency and yield of biogas generation from these two organic substrates. Biogas, primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, is a valuable renewable energy source, and understanding the potential of different feedstock is crucial for optimizing biogas production processes. The research involved anaerobic digestion of both cow dung and poultry dung under controlled conditions, measuring biogas yield, methane content, and digestion efficiency over a specified retention time. Results showed that poultry dung produced significantly higher biogas yields compared to cow dung, attributed to its higher organic matter content and nitrogen levels, which enhance microbial activity during digestion. The study also explored the impact of various operational parameters, such as pH, on biogas production efficiency. These findings suggest that while both substrates are viable for biogas production, poultry dung presents a more effective option for maximizing methane output. This comparative analysis highlights the potential of utilizing poultry dung as a superior feedstock for biogas production, providing insights that could inform strategies for sustainable waste management and renewable energy generation in agricultural systems. Key Words: Cow dung, Poultry dung, Substrates, Bio-gas and yield

THE DYNAMICS OF LAW ENFORMENT IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED AREAS: A STUDY ON COTABATO CITY’S ANTI-TERROR LAW IMPLEMENTATION []


Terrorism has been a major problem encountered globally. In the report of the global terrorism index of 2022 stated that 5,226 increases of terrorism attack were recorded in the year 2021, but the deaths declined slightly by about two percent. Further, Ukraine conflict is seen to drive rise in traditional and cyber terrorism, reversing previous improvement of the world. The Anti-terrorism Act of 2020, officially designated as Republic Act no. 11479, is a counter-terrorism law intended to prevent, prohibit and penalize terrorism in the Philippines. Law Phil, (2020) mentioned that in this legislation brought significant achievement of the government in mitigating the occurrence of the terrorism attack in the country. The study determines the initial impact of the anti-terror law implementation among the Muslims lawyers and identify the challenges encountered during the implementation of the said law during the academic year 2022-2023. Specifically it focused on the impact of the implementation of R.A 11749 based on the narratives of the victims of human rights violations, the implementation of R.A 11749 in the peace and order situation of Cotabato City, the level of effectiveness on the Implementation of R.A 11749 in curtailing conspiracy to commit terrorism, acts of rebellion, proliferation of weapons, recruitment to and membership in a terrorist group, providing materials and support to terrorists and publishing an advertisement on citing sedition/terrorism, and the opinions of Muslim Lawyers on the implementation of Anti-terror Law. The research design used in this study was qualitative and quantitative method using a descriptive design. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data to the (100) respondents. The implementation of this law has seen a significant change in maintaining the peace and order in the locality. But most of the interviewed participants in this research study particularly the victims of human rights and the Muslim lawyers were afraid of the possible violation might happen to them like the possible human rights violation and being red-tagged while exercising their freedom of expression in criticizing the government because several issues arise on this matter. Keywords: Dynamic of Law Enforcement, Conflict Affected Areas, Anti-Terror Law, Cotabato City

Diversité culturelle et promotion de l’éducation au Soudan (1956–2025) : Enjeux, expérimentations et perspectives []


Cet article propose une analyse approfondie de l’impact de la diversité culturelle sur l’évolution et la promotion de l’éducation au Soudan depuis l’indépendance de 1956 jusqu’à 2025 et s’appuie principalement sur des sources nationales et académiques telles que les rapports successifs du Ministère de l’Éducation soudanais (1978, 1985, 2003, 2010, 2020, 2022, 2023), les publications de revues universitaires soudanaises ainsi que les travaux de chercheur·e·s locaux·ales (Ahmed, 1994 ; Bakri, 2002 ; Elbaz, 2007 ; Rafi, 2015). Dans un premier temps, le cadre théorique est défini autour des notions d’éducation interculturelle, de reconnaissance culturelle, d’équité pédagogique et d’engagement communautaire (Bennett, 2004 ; Tomlinson, 2001), puis l’approche méthodologique combine une analyse documentaire des textes officiels, une étude comparative entre les régions pilotes de Khartoum, Duweim et Darfour, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de vingt-cinq enseignant·e·s formé·e·s à l’interculturalité. Par la suite, l’évolution historique des politiques éducatives est retracée en décrivant d’abord l’héritage colonial et l’uniformisation linguistique qui ont conduit à un fort taux d’abandon scolaire dans les zones non arabophones (Ministry of Education Sudan, 1978), puis les premières expérimentations bilingues au cours des années 1970 et 1980 qui ont permis une amélioration de la scolarisation primaire de douze pour cent (Ministry of Education Sudan, 1985), avant d’aborder la réforme de 1992 officialisant l’intégration culturelle avec un budget de huit pour cent dédié aux manuels bilingues (Ahmed, 1994 ; Ministry of Education Sudan, 2003) et enfin l’extension depuis 2006 des programmes interculturels à quinze pour cent des écoles, entraînant une hausse de dix-huit pour cent du taux de réussite au primaire en milieu rural (Ministry of Education Sudan, 2010). Ensuite, l’article examine les choix linguistiques pour les cycles d’enseignement, les adaptations curriculaires validées par des comités d’experts et la formation de quarante-deux pour cent des enseignantes selon Rafi (2015), avant de mettre en lumière les défis que représentent les tensions identitaires, les inégalités territoriales, les capacités institutionnelles et l’acceptation sociale, puis de recenser les bonnes pratiques issues des programmes bilingues de Duweim, du projet EduCultura, des pédagogies collaboratives et de la médiation technologique. Enfin, il formule des recommandations pour l’avenir en insistant sur le financement ciblé, l’institutionnalisation de la formation interculturelle, le développement de ressources locales et la création de plateformes numériques multilingues afin de faire de la diversité culturelle non seulement un impératif éthique mais également un levier stratégique de cohésion sociale et d’amélioration des performances scolaires au Soudan. Mots clés : Diversité culturelle, Promotion de l’éducation, Enjeux pédagogiques, Perspectives éducatives.

Optimising Known Transition Metal Electrocatalysts on Au Electrode by Evaluating Oxygen Evolution Reaction Kinetics and Electrocatalytic Performance in Alkaline pH []


The persistent kinetic bottleneck associated with the anodic half-reaction in alkaline water electrolysis necessitates the development of optimized electrocatalysts. To provide superior performance, these must operate at reduced overpotentials while maintaining structural integrity under oxidative bias. Herein, we report the design and characterization of a hybrid electrocatalytic system comprising Au cores conformally coated with sub-nanometric cobalt domains. This hybrid interface facilitates significant modulation of interfacial charge distribution and electronic energy band alignment, resulting in improved OER kinetics. Catalysts were synthesised using chemical deposition, yielding discrete Co clusters on Au nanostructures immobilized on conductive supports. Electrochemical characterisation via Cyclic Voltammetry, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Chronoamperometry revealed a striking anodic shift in the Tafel region and a reduction in the overpotential by ~ 600 mV relative to bare Au at 10 mA cm⁻², underscoring the kinetic superiority of the Au–Co heterointerface. Operando Raman spectroscopy was employed to probe potential dependent lattice restructuring, analyse the surface morphology and composition of both electrocatalysts. The emergence of vibrational signatures in the 570-600 cm⁻¹ region and a distinct high-frequency mode at ~810 cm⁻¹, attributable to O–O stretching in surface-bound cobalt oxyhydroxide intermediates, correlates with the onset of catalytic activity and confirms oxidative rehybridization of the Co domain. These findings suggest that synergistic d-band coupling at the Au–Co interface and the presence of spatially localized electric fields amplify reaction rates, while also stabilizing high-valent CoOx species. The Au–Co hybrid electrocatalyst presents a compelling blueprint for the design of multi-component, transition metal electrocatalysts that achieve high OER activity through phase-selective surface reconstruction and electronic coherence across a metal-metal oxide junction.