Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study investigates the relationship between work recognition and labour productivity within organizational settings, highlighting how acknowledgment of employee efforts influences output levels, motivation, and job satisfaction. Drawing from contemporary management theories and empirical evidence, the research explores the psychological and performance-based outcomes of various forms of recognition—monetary and non-monetary. Using sample data from a cross-sectional survey administered to 100 employees across multiple sectors, the study employs quantitative analysis to determine patterns and correlations between recognition practices and productivity metrics. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship, suggesting that effective recognition systems can serve as strategic tools for enhancing organizational performance. The study concludes with practical recommendations for integrating structured recognition programs into human resource policies, emphasizing the need for a balance between formal and informal recognition approaches to optimize labour outcomes.
This research work examines Nigeria’s counter-terrorism architecture, exploring its historical context, operational frameworks, and the multifaceted challenges impeding progress in the fight against terrorism. Such challenges have been linked to poor intelligence gathering among our security agencies, poor funding, and corruption, amongst others. Looking at the whole scenario, it is noteworthy to say that while notable efforts have been made through military, legal, and international strategies, terrorism remains a potent threat which has not abated following incessant attack of innocent citizens by terrorist groups and the destruction of properties and livelihoods in the Nigerian soil. Exploring the qualitative method of inquiry via the phenomenological and hermeneutic approach, this study critiques prevailing approaches and proposes sustainable opportunities for improving national security, particularly by prioritizing intelligence, human rights, socio-economic development, and community engagement. The findings reveal that socio-economic challenges such as poverty, youth unemployment, educational deprivation, political exclusion, etc., are some of the key drivers of terrorism in Nigeria. These factors create fertile ground for radicalization. The authors therefore holds the view that these spotted factors must be addressed through inclusive development and deliberate governance reforms if the fight against terrorism must be won. The study emphasizes the need for a multidimensional, inclusive, and accountable counter-terrorism strategy that aligns with global best practices that are in-tandem with local realities.
This study explored the psychological factors affecting cost management decisions in the Nigerian banking sector, focusing on biases, and stress. Key biases, such as overconfidence, anchoring, and loss aversion, can distort financial planning. Stress, a prevalent factor in high-demand environments, further impairs problem-solving and decision-making processes. Through the Taro Yamane sample size formula, the sample size appropriate for the study was established. Data was collected using the Behavioral Bisases Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Financial Management Scale from 102 managerial and middle bank-ranking employees in Edo State Nigeria. The study a cross-sectional survey, employed correlation and multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. All statistics were managed using SPSS v23. The result of the four hypotheses tested revealed that overconfidence bias influenced the cost management decisions of bank employees in Edo State, while loss aversion bias and anchoring bias had no significant influence on the cost management decisions of bank employees. Stress, however, had a significant influence on the cost management decisions of bank employees in Edo state Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that the management of banks create systems that mitigate the presence of overconfidence bias in bank employees to keep the cost management decisions of bank employees bias-free. Also, management and all stakeholders of the banking sector are recommended to design the job in such a way that reduces the prevalence of stress among bank employees in Edo State, Nigeria, by the development of decision-making frameworks and training programs to reduce cognitive distortions, enhance financial planning, and improve cost efficiency.
Negation in MA has caught the attention of several linguists. However, their attempts to account for MA negative sentences have faced serious syntactic and semantic problems. The proposals that linguists have provided to understand the competence of MA native speakers, as far as negation is concerned, can be divided into two categories: non-split Neg and split-Neg proposals. The non-split Neg proposals claim that the negative marker ma and the n-word ʃ form one Neg head, which means that the two negative elements are necessary for the construction of the Neg head. However, the n-word ʃ disappears when another n-word appears, as in the following sentence ʕəməru ma-lʕəb (*ʃ) kura (He has never played football). The split Neg proposals claim that the negative marker ma is semantically negative and that the n-word ʃ is syntactically negative in that ma carries an interpretable negative feature [iNeg] and ʃ carries an uninterpretable negative feature [uNeg]. However, this claim will wrongly predict that a sentence like ma-ʕəmru ma-ləʕəb kura (He has never played football) is positive, since the two negative markers ma would cancel each other out, resulting in an affirmative meaning. Because of the shortcomings of the previous works, I propose an alternative solution in which the negative marker ma syntactically marks negation, in that it carries an uninterpretable negative feature [uNeg], and the n-words semantically contribute to the negativity of MA sentences, meaning that they carry an interpretable negative feature [iNeg]. In addition, I have proposed that the uninterpretable negative feature [uNeg] of ma is checked and deleted via an agree relation with the interpretable negative feature [iNeg] of n-words which is because ma, occupying Neg heads, is syntactically higher than the n-words, occupying NI heads.
This study presents the redesign and performance analysis of a fish feed pelletizer, emphasizing aspects of strength of materials, machine design analysis, dynamics of machinery, and fluid dynamics. The project involved reinforcing the machine’s structural elements, optimizing its power transmission system, and assessing its dynamic behavior under operational loads. Analytical evaluations included shaft stress checks using the Tresca criterion, compression pressure estimation, motor power selection, and belt-pulley transmission analysis. Fluid dynamics calculations were made to evaluate the throughput of the system. Dynamic improvements such as vibration damping and speed regulation were also incorporated. Results indicate that the modified pelletizer, powered by a 3 HP motor and fitted with a belt-tensioning mechanism, achieves safe stress levels, improved durability, and consistent pellet production, making it more efficient and reliable for small- and medium-scale aquaculture operations.
This study examined the effect of digital banking adoption on service delivery in Kenyan commercial banks. Specifically, it assessed how digital banking channels including mobile banking, internet banking, agency banking, and digital payments affect service delivery outcomes such as accessibility, reliability, and customer responsiveness. The study employed a quantitative research design, collecting data from all 38 licensed commercial banks in Kenya. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models, examining reliability, validity, and overall model fit. The findings indicate that digital banking adoption positively influences service delivery, with banks that adopt digital channels more extensively providing better access, reliability, and responsiveness in their services. The results confirmed that the reliability and validity of the constructs and demonstrate that digital banking is a significant driver of service performance in the banking sector. Based on these findings, the study recommends that banks continue investing in digital infrastructure, optimize digital channels, and provide staff training to enhance service delivery. For policymakers, it highlights the importance of regulatory frameworks that promote secure, efficient, and inclusive digital financial services, hence supporting financial inclusion and improved banking sector performance. Keywords: Digital Banking, Service Delivery, Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, Agency Banking, PLS-SEM, Kenya
This study examined the relationship between digital banking, operational efficiency, and service delivery among commercial banks in Kenya, with a particular focus on the mediating role of operational efficiency. Guided by a positivist philosophy and an explanatory research design, the study targeted all 38 commercial banks registered and operating in Kenya as of 2025. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to bank managers, and the analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with Smart PLS 4. The findings revealed that digital banking positively influences service delivery, but this effect is fully transmitted through operational efficiency. Specifically, digital banking enhances service delivery by improving the speed, cost-effectiveness, and capacity of bank operations, demonstrating that efficiency is a critical mechanism linking technological innovations to customer outcomes. Model fit indices confirmed the robustness of the empirical model, further validating the mediating role of operational efficiency. The study concludes that digital banking enhances service delivery primarily through improvements in operational efficiency, underscoring the importance of operational processes in realizing the benefits of digital transformation. Theoretically, the study extends existing knowledge by positioning efficiency as a key mediator in the digital banking–service delivery nexus. Practically, the findings highlight the need for banks to align digital innovations with operational strategies, while policy implications point to the importance of supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage innovation without compromising service quality in the Kenyan banking sector. Keywords: Digital Banking, Operational Efficiency, Service Delivery, Mediation, Commercial Banks, Kenya
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is relatively recent in construction procurement management. Tremendous improvements are reported since BIM was introduced. The technology which accommodates software packages to execute diverse construction management tasks witnessed rapid development and functional applications. However, it was observed that the BIM technology is still developing and therefore, still lapses in managing construction projects in a proactive manner. There’s a gap to inquest to know key weaknesses of this technology. This work aims at assessing key weakness of BIM in view to developing a framework for its improvement as a more proactive tool in managing construction projects. Extant literature has recommended best practices at various milestone in a procurement practices. These may include -effective knowledge management, process flaws prediction, culpability indicator, forecast quality results of end products and modelling cost changes at different milestone in a project procurement process. These are tenets of proactive management and models to achieve them are still in dearth. Three subsystems namely- best practice modules, knowledge management mechanism and mathematical forecasting model were developed and synthesized into a proactive model that improves proactive management in BIM. This framework improves BIM proactive management capability and recommended for application.
Amphiphilic block copolymers have emerged as versatile building blocks for nanoscale drug delivery systems due to their unique ability to self-assemble into micelles with distinct core–shell architectures. These polymeric micelles provide a hydrophobic core capable of encapsulating poorly soluble drugs and a hydrophilic corona that enhances aqueous stability, prolongs circulation, and reduces systemic toxicity. Their structural parameters, which include block length, molecular weight, ratio, and architecture, govern critical properties such as micelle stability, drug loading capacity, and release kinetics. Recent advances have highlighted the role of morphology, stimuli-responsiveness, and dual-drug encapsulation in improving therapeutic efficacy, particularly in cancer therapy. Despite promising results, challenges such as low stability, limited drug loading, immunogenicity, and premature clearance hinder clinical translation. Strategies including PEGylation, cross-linking, and the use of biodegradable polymers have shown potential to overcome these limitations. This review discusses the structure–function relationships of amphiphilic block copolymers, mechanisms of drug encapsulation and release, stimuli-responsive micelles, and the future direction of polymeric micelles in nanomedicine. By linking molecular design to functional performance, this work underscores the potential of polymeric micelles as next-generation drug delivery platforms capable of enabling more effective and targeted therapies. "
Better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. With reference to this context, the research paper entitled Recruitment and Selection has been prepared to put a light on Recruitment and Selection process. The main objective is to identify general practices that organizations use to recruit and select employees and, to determine how the recruitment and selection practices affect organizational outcomes at Afghan NGOs. Successful recruitment and selection practices are key components at the entry point of human resources in any organization. The main objective of this paper is to identify general practices that organizations use to recruit and select employees .The study also focus its attention to determine how the recruitment and selection practices affect the organizational outcomes and provide some suggestions that can help. Data analysis has been done with statistical tools like tables, graphs, pie charts.
1 Ekram Fadlalmoula Mohammed Fadlalmoula, 1 B.Sc. of Science in Public Health, University of Khartoum, M.Sc. of Science in Integrated control of Communicable Diseases Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of Gezira.017.
:_x000D_ This study aimed to activate Zero Report of Childhood Diseases Targeted by Immunization in three Administrative Units in Al Hasaheisa Locality, Gezira State, Sudan 2021. Pre and post intervention was conducted. The study was conducted in three administrative units in Hasaheisa locality, out of 7administrative units, namely (Al-Hasaheisa, Wad Hbouba, Al-Muslamiya, Al-Rubaa, Abu Gouta, Tabat and Al-Muhariba). This research study targets two samples in three administrative units in Al-Hasaheisa locality. All five hospitals that have a problem of reporting in the mentioned three administrative units were included in the study. Five interview and orientations was done with targeted medical staff in 5 hospitals targeted by the research. In addition training of 10 persons (focal person and assistant) in the five target hospital. The hospital questionnaire targets medical personnel in 5 hospitals targeted by the research in the hospitals of three administrative units (Abu guta - Al-Rubaa - Al-Muhariba) in Al-Hasaheisa locality to investigate the current status of the locality (86 medical personnel). A community questionnaire is envisaged to assess the KAP of families (400) in the three administrative units. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. The study findings showed that the presence of diseases reporting system in the hospital was increased significantly from 70.0% from pre-intervention to 90% after post intervention , p=.000. The probability of presence of diseases reporting system in the hospital was increased by 12.5 times during post intervention (OR=0.2, 95% CI (0.1-0.4)). The time of reporting system follow in the hospital was weekly increased significantly from 83.3% from pre-intervention to 86.7% after post intervention , p=.040. The odds of time of reporting system follow in the hospital was weekly increased by 1.8 times during post intervention (OR=1.8, 95% CI (0.3-10.7)). The observation of any cases of childhood diseases that can be protected by vaccination or suspected case during their work in the hospital was increased significantly from 28.3% from pre-intervention to 61.7% after post intervention , p=.000. The odds of observation of any cases of childhood diseases that can be protected by vaccination or suspected case during their work in the hospital was increased by 2.1 times during post intervention (OR=2.1, 95% CI (1.5-2.9)). The presence of Zero reporting was significantly increased from 63.3% from pre-intervention to 76.7% after post intervention, p=.001. The odds of presence of Zero reporting was increased by 2.5 times during post intervention (OR=2.5, 95% CI (0.2-26.9)). It can be concluded that orientation sessions has significant effect on activation of Zero Report of Childhood Diseases targeted by Immunization in three Administrative Units in Al Hasaheisa Locality, Gazira State, Sudan 2021. Orientation sessions and training of personnel was proved effectively in improvement of surveillance systems therefore periodic sessions should be scheduled in all childhood surveillance departments at administrative units and localities._x000D_ _x000D_ Key words: Activation of Zero Report, Childhood Diseases Immunization, Orientation sessions, Al-Gezira, Sudan.
The 21st century brought with it the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in all facets of our lives, the aim being to improve communication and research. One of the areas where ICT and GIS have been found most helpful is in the educational sector, where knowledge and skills are transmitted to students at all levels of education. This research, therefore, seeks to assess the impact of GIS in teaching and learning in senior science secondary schools at Katsina L.G.A. of Katsina State.It is empirical research where 30 questionnaires were administered to each secondary school through two research assistants to 30 teachers drawn from 6 senior secondary schools randomly selected in Katsina L.G.A. of Katsina State.Descriptive statistics (percentage) were used in the analysis of the questionnaires. The findings of the research indicated that the use of ICT would have a high impact on the teaching and learning of geography, that most of the schools lack ICT equipment and a stable power supply, etc. The study recommends the purchase and use of ICT equipment in the affected secondary schools and the training of teachers in ICT.
Crime significantly influences policies and development across the globe. For Nigeria, a nation aiming to progress, minimizing crime is essential. Recent years have seen a surge in crime, instilling fear among citizens as the security of lives and properties becomes increasingly uncertain. This crime wave negatively impacts Nigeria's economic, social, and political fabric. The youth, a crucial demographic for national development, need gainful employment to harness their potential. Unfortunately, rampant youth unemployment has significantly contributed to the rise in criminal activities. This paper argues that criminal activities among unemployed youths, such as armed robbery, kidnapping, political thuggery, and militancy, hinder Nigeria's development. Addressing youth unemployment is crucial for reducing crime and fostering rapid national development.
Introduction Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors in different localities is essential to improve control strategies. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional school-based study from November to December 2021. We selected study participants via a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic variables and potential risk factors. From each pupil, we collected a fresh stool sample for fresh examination and concentration using two techniques (Willis and simplified Ritchie). Results We enrolled 370 pupils aged 7 to 16 in our study. Of these, 56 (15.1%) were infested with one or more parasites. Protozoa were more common (14.6%) than helminths (0.5%). The rate of bi-parasitism was 1.4%. The predominant parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (4.3%) followed by Giardia lamblia (3.8%). Bivariate analysis showed that only age was significantly associated with the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections (p < 0.05).
Service marketing in Nairobi's urban informal settlements such as Kibera, Mathare, Mukuru, and Korogocho presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. These densely populated areas are marked by poverty, informal economies, weak infrastructur
Purpose: The academic performance of student in Economics continues to deteriorate due to the lack of consistent teacher training and retraining. This study aims to examine how professional advancement for Economics teachers directly influences students’ learning outcomes and overall progress. Drawing from Kirkpatrick's Learning and Training Evaluation Theory, the study investigated the ways in which pre-service, in-service, workshops, and seminars enhance instructors' pedagogical proficiency, instructional quality, and student accomplishment. Methodology: The study used a descriptive survey design to assess how teacher training and retraining affect students’ academic performance in Economics in Shomolu, Lagos State. Five public senior secondary schools were randomly selected, and data was collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire based on the study’s objectives and hypotheses. The instrument included ten Likert-scale items, and responses were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical tool at a 0.05 significance level. Result: The results showed a strong favourable correlation between students' academic achievement and teacher training and retraining, as well as enhanced classroom interaction between teachers and students. In order to provide teachers with up-to-date knowledge and instructional practices that improve learning outcomes, the results highlight the importance of ongoing professional development. Recommendation: The study recommended that government and school administrators should give systematic and well-structured professional development programs for teacher’s top priority, the study indicates that ongoing training and retraining are essential for raising the calibre of economics instruction. Key words: Economics Education, Student Academic Performance, Teacher Training and Retraining
This study aimed to determine the organizational factors in PNP CIDG and its relation to their level of Mental Health. Likert Scale and Mean were used to determine the level of organizational factors and level of mental health while Pearson Correlation was used to determine if there was a significant relationship between the variables of the 245 participants, recruited using simple random sampling. The study adapted the valid and reliable PERMA Profiler to gauge the level of well-being of the participants, while the Work-Life Balance scale was adapted to determine the Organizational Factors. After analysis of the data, it was found that the respondents perceived a positive level of psychological and social support, recognition and rewards practices, job control and autonomy, and work-life balance within the organization. They also had a general positive mental status according to the PERMA-H Framework. It was also found that there existed a significant relationship between the level of observance of organization factors and mental health level of the participants. Using this, the paper proposed a program called SEEK MIND: Strenghtening Emotional and Psychological Welll-being through Knowledge and Midnfulness in the CIDG, that can enhance the mental health and pyschological well-being of the PNP Personnel in CIDG.
The construction industry is widely recognized as one of the most hazardous sectors globally, with persistent health and safety risks despite decades of regulation and improvement efforts. This study investigates the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) by construction site managers in Abuja, Nigeria, as a tool to enhance health and safety on construction sites. The research aims to assess awareness, adoption levels, barriers to implementation, and propose strategies for improvement. A descriptive survey design was employed, using structured questionnaires distributed to construction site managers across Abuja’s six area councils. Data collected covered respondents’ socio-economic profiles, BIM awareness and adoption levels, perceived barriers, and support for various recommendations. A five-point Likert scale was used for analysis. Results showed that while awareness of BIM safety features such as site inspection, clash detection, and visualization is moderate (mean = 1.92), adoption remains low (mean = 2.89). The most significant barriers identified include the high cost of BIM tools and training, complexity of the technology, lack of technical expertise, and poor integration with existing workflows. The study concludes that while construction site managers are aware of BIM’s potential for safety improvement, implementation remains limited due to systemic and financial constraints. Key recommendations include: establishing national BIM safety standards, integrating BIM education in curricula, subsidizing BIM tools and training, and mandating BIM use in public projects. These steps are essential to drive BIM adoption for safer construction practices in Nigeria.
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