Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This article first presents industrial motricity theory as an innovative local economic model capable of sustainably developing, diversifying, and strengthening the financial autonomy of Congolese decentralized territorial entities including municipalities, cities, chiefdoms and sectors. It strives to define motricity as "a set of assets recognized as factors of production held by a village, locality, or agglomeration, within a vision of a symbiotic economy guaranteeing the diversity of income-generating activities and the transformation of available local resources into high-value-added finished products, with the aim of creating wealth for the community, offering sustainable local jobs to beneficiary communities, and supporting local growth, thereby combating poverty and rural exodus." Second, the article presents not only its typology but also the possibilities for the applicability of this mobility in professional situations and, to some extent, the necessary benefits for a territorial entity that undertakes such an approach.
Keywords: industrial motricity, decentralized territorial entity, economy, poverty.
The city of Kikwit, once rich in freshwater fish from the Kwilu River, which significantly contributed to the food security of its urban population, is now experiencing a severe fish shortage due to environmentally unfriendly practices. These include the extensive clearing of aquatic vegetation along the river, resulting in the destruction of fish spawning grounds and refuges, depriving them of their breeding and resting areas. This destruction is itself the result of a combination of human pressures and global environmental changes, phenomena that remain critical for the balance of freshwater ecosystems in the vicinity of Kikwit in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study conducted along the Kikwit-Lusanga (formerly PLZ)-Plantations Lever axis in Zaire reveals that the main causes of destruction include eutrophication and pollution, with excessive nutrient inputs (nitrates and phosphorus from agriculture) leading to algal blooms that smother other aquatic plants by depriving them of light. Toxic substances and heavy metals also directly degrade plant tissues. Adding to this picture are physical interventions such as dredging the banks of the 965-kilometer-long Kwilu River, which flows through two African countries, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These interventions radically alter fish habitats, physically destroy aquatic vegetation and forest plants, and involve cutting firewood for bakeries and brickyards operating in the city of Kikwit, thus destroying spawning grounds and previously beneficial fish refuges. The study also reveals that the consequences of this destruction are multifaceted. Biodiversity loss occurs with the disappearance of plants, destroying spawning grounds for fish and refuges for numerous fish species, leading to their extinction. Water quality degrades due to the loss of herbaceous vegetation, which filters pollutants and stabilizes sediments, resulting in murkier water and more persistent pollution. The study also highlights the instability of riverbanks caused by the destruction of the roots of aquatic and riparian plants, once essential for limiting soil erosion. Furthermore, oxygen depletion, resulting from the decomposition of large masses of dead vegetation frequently cleared by artisanal fishers, leads to a drop in dissolved oxygen levels, sometimes causing mass fish kills. Finally, the study proposes ecosystem preservation strategies, including raising awareness among stakeholders, providing professional retraining for small-scale fishers, institutionalizing fishing seasons through public authorities, and conducting patrols on the Kwilu River by the River Commission and mariners.
This case study research on the urban environmental crisis in the city of Kikwit in the Democratic Republic of Congo aims to measure the level of degradation and identify the main causes as well as the potential consequences of this crisis. In terms of findings the research reveals that this crisis in Kikwit is characterized by unsustainable pressure on resources due to rapid urbanization, creating heat islands, massive pollution (air, water, soil), and a loss of biodiversity. Urban sprawl, waste management, and flood risks exacerbate this degradation. The main challenges of the urban environmental crisis include urban sprawl and artificialization, which result in the reduction of natural and agricultural spaces, leading to a loss of biodiversity and increased energy consumption; air and noise pollution: traffic congestion and industrial activities deteriorate air quality and quality of life; and urban heat islands, since urban materials store heat, making cities dangerously hot during heat waves, with direct impacts on health. The destruction of habitats and infrastructure; the management of hydrological risks caused by soil sealing increases the risk of flooding and contaminates waterways. Added to these factors is resource consumption, which makes the city of Kikwit a major consumer of public goods, necessitating sustainable waste management and food relocalization. The study suggests that solutions lie in improved planning, the strengthening of green spaces, and sustainable infrastructure.
This study examined the health and psychosocial consequences of street hawking among teenage girls in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, involving 300 teenage girls engaged in street hawking across selected locations. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, correlation, chi-square, and t-test statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed among others that teenage girls engaged in street hawking experience significant health challenges, including exposure to harsh weather conditions (90.0%), fatigue/exhaustion (83.3%), musculoskeletal pain (76.7%), and frequent illnesses (66.7%). Psychosocially, respondents reported high levels of stress (80.0%), anxiety (73.3%), emotional trauma (70.0%), and low self-esteem (66.7%).. Educationally, street hawking contributed to school absenteeism (80.0%), reduced study time (83.3%), and poor academic performance (73.3%). Inferential statistics showed a significant relationship between hawking intensity and health outcomes (r = 0.62, p = 0.001), psychosocial wellbeing (t = 4.85, p < 0.05), and socio-economic status (r = 0.58, p = 0.002). The study concludes that street hawking significantly undermines the health, psychological wellbeing, and educational development of teenage girls. It recommends stronger child protection policies, poverty alleviation programmes, and psychosocial support interventions to reduce the practice and mitigate its effects.
ABSTRACT
Stakeholder engagement is an essential component of effective school management, contributing to improved student learning outcomes, stronger school-community relationships, and the sustainability of educational programs. However, declining participation among parents, teachers, community members, and partner organizations can negatively affect school activities, institutional morale, and the delivery of quality education. This case study examines the issue of stakeholder disengagement in XY Elementary School, a small-sized public elementary institution experiencing reduced attendance at Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) meetings, limited parental involvement in student learning, weakened community partnerships, and declining support for school initiatives. The study aims to identify the factors contributing to stakeholder disengagement and propose sustainable interventions to strengthen participation, communication, collaboration, and shared responsibility. Based on school records, informal surveys, and the analysis of stakeholder engagement challenges, the case identifies several contributing factors, including parents’ work-related time constraints, ineffective communication channels, limited utilization of digital engagement tools, and stakeholders’ perceptions of being undervalued or excluded from decision-making processes. The analysis highlights five major themes: lack of inclusion, communication gaps, time constraints, the need for recognition, and relationship building. Guided by the principles of school, family, and community partnerships, the case emphasizes the importance of establishing transparent communication systems, providing flexible participation opportunities, utilizing accessible digital platforms, recognizing stakeholder contributions, and strengthening partnerships with local government units and nongovernmental organizations. It also recommends conducting surveys and focus group discussions to identify stakeholders’ concerns and developing appropriate coping mechanisms to address barriers to parental participation. The case concludes that stakeholder disengagement is a multifaceted organizational concern requiring inclusive, responsive, and collaborative leadership. Through consistent communication, meaningful stakeholder involvement, flexible engagement strategies, and continuous monitoring, schools can rebuild trust, encourage active participation, and establish sustainable partnerships that support student development and overall school effectiveness.
Keywords: stakeholder engagement, parental involvement, school-community partnerships, school leadership, communication, collaborative governance
The Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) Program, established under Republic Act No. 12028, aims to address learning gaps among Filipino learners through targeted interventions in literacy, mathematics, and other essential learning areas. The successful implementation of the program requires effective school leadership, contextualized instructional strategies, systematic monitoring, and active stakeholder participation. This case study examines how a school head in ABC School localized and monitored the ARAL Program to respond to the literacy and numeracy needs of Key Stage 1 learners. Baseline data from the Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA) and Rapid Math Assessment (RMA) conducted in June 2025 revealed that 38% of learners were classified as low emergent in literacy, while 42% were identified as non-numerates. These findings, together with concerns regarding attendance, limited contextualized learning materials, and insufficient parental support, highlighted the need for a responsive school-based intervention. The case focuses on four major areas: learner assessment, localization of instructional materials, teacher capacity building, monitoring and feedback, and stakeholder support. The school head introduced a three-tier intervention system consisting of whole-class catch-up activities, small-group remediation, and individualized support for learners experiencing significant difficulties. Localized modules, weekly progress trackers, classroom observations, and monthly School Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adjustment (SMEA) meetings were also utilized to strengthen implementation and accountability. Furthermore, collaboration with parents, the Parent-Teacher Association, barangay officials, and the local government unit supported home-based reading activities, community learning spaces, and instructional resources. The analysis emphasizes the importance of instructional leadership, shared responsibility, and resource mobilization in translating national education policies into meaningful classroom interventions. The case concludes that effective localization and continuous monitoring can help schools respond to learners’ diverse needs and strengthen learning recovery efforts. It recommends sustaining data-driven instruction, teacher development, stakeholder engagement, and evidence-based decision-making to improve literacy and numeracy outcomes.
Keywords: Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning Program, instructional leadership, literacy, numeracy, localization, monitoring and evaluation, learning recovery
Cart-Inverted Pendulum (CIP) system is a highly nonlinear, under-actuated system. Control problem associated with it, after swing-up stage is maintaining the pendulum stability in vertical position and high precision tracking of the base position. This paper presents a hybridization method using existing analytically designed Single Input Interval Type-2 Fuzzy (SIIT-2F) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for the system. First, the system dynamic is decoupled into two isolated subsystems and individual control law is derived. Thereafter, the control laws are augmented to derive a universal control input. Using the notion of Control Lyapunov Function, global stability of the closed loop system and asymptotic rate of error convergence are established. To enhance the controller performance, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to tune the parameters of the controller. Compared with optimized conventional sliding mode (CSMC), the results indicates better performance with settling times reduced by 15.91% for pendulum and 15.80% reduction for cart position tracking under disturbance-free scenario.. The ITAE values are reduced by 40.84% and 68.08% respectively. Under perturbed scenario, the proposed method achieved 16.82% reduction in settling time for cart position tracking. ITAE values are reduced by 28.81% and 69.10% respectively as well. The results underpinned the fact that the proposed hybrid SIIT-2F based SMC has better performance compared to CSMC.
Abstract
This study examines the influence of firing temperature on the flexural strength of burnt clay brick tiles and the compressive strength of companion cubes produced from Oko, Ngwo and Abakpa clays. Nominal tile and cube dimensions were 210 × 75 × 10 mm and 100 × 100 × 100 mm, respectively. Laboratory records at 900, 1050 and 1200 °C were analysed by separating plain-clay specimens from additive-containing and blended formulations. The plain-clay records comprise one Oko, four Ngwo and three Abakpa entries per temperature and test, with descriptive statistics reported accordingly. From 900 to 1200 °C, mean compressive strength increased from 7.80 to 15.25 MPa for Ngwo and from 8.20 to 15.03 MPa for Abakpa, representing increases of 95.5% and 83.3%, respectively. The Oko values were 8.10, 7.90 and 11.80 MPa. Mean flexural strengths increased from 3.10 to 4.00 MPa for Ngwo and from 3.10 to 3.87 MPa for Abakpa; the corresponding Oko values increased from 2.30 to 3.00 MPa. Every plain-clay source had its highest recorded mean or single-entry strength at 1200 °C. Ancillary Oko records also showed differences in strength among formulations. The results identify 1200 °C as the best-performing tested temperature on a strength-only basis, while providing no evidence of a global firing optimum.
This study examines the stylo-pragmatic features of online glaucoma patient education materials, focusing on how language constructs patient agency and treatment responsibility. The study analyses materials from five categories of healthcare-related organisations: government and public health organisations, professional ophthalmology and glaucoma organisations, academic institutions and teaching hospitals, non-governmental and nonprofit organisations, and commercial/private healthcare organisations. Adopting a stylo-pragmatic approach, the study investigates lexical choices, medical terminology, pronoun use, modality, sentence structures, imperatives, metaphors, and information organisation. It also examines the pragmatic functions of these features in informing patients, communicating risks, encouraging preventive eye examinations, and promoting treatment adherence. The analysis reveals differences in communicative strategies across the five categories. Government and public health organisations emphasise information provision and preventive awareness, while professional ophthalmology organisations employ direct instructions concerning treatment adherence and follow-up care. Academic institutions foreground scientific explanations and research, whereas nonprofit organisations focus on disease characteristics and risk factors. Commercial/private healthcare materials primarily emphasise symptom awareness and accessible medical information. The findings indicate that patient agency is constructed through varying degrees of direct instruction and knowledge provision. The study concludes that clear language, accessible explanations, and practical guidance are essential for strengthening patient engagement and improving the communicative effectiveness of online glaucoma education materials.
Effective communication is a fundamental component of educational leadership, organizational trust, teacher morale, and school effectiveness. In educational institutions, communication facilitates the dissemination of policies, coordination of activities, implementation of programs, and development of collaborative relationships among school leaders, teachers, and stakeholders. However, communication breakdowns characterized by inconsistent information, ambiguous instructions, delayed dissemination of directives, limited feedback mechanisms, and insufficient opportunities for dialogue can undermine organizational performance and instructional effectiveness. This case study examines the communication breakdown at ABC Elementary School, focusing on the underlying communication barriers, their implications for organizational trust and teacher engagement, and the development of a strategic intervention plan to improve communication practices and overall school effectiveness. Specifically, the study aims to identify communication barriers within the school system, examine the effects of poor communication on organizational trust, apply relevant communication and leadership theories in analyzing the case, and formulate a comprehensive intervention plan. The analysis draws on information from interviews, document reviews, and observations to understand the communication challenges experienced within the school organization. The discussion is guided by Transformational Leadership Theory, Systems Theory, Organizational Communication Theory, and relevant communication frameworks, including the Shannon and Weaver Communication Model and the SACCIA Communication Framework. The analysis indicates that predominantly top-down communication, unclear and inconsistent messaging, delayed information dissemination, limited teacher participation, and inadequate feedback mechanisms contribute to misunderstandings, implementation errors, reduced collaboration, and weakened trust between school leadership and teaching personnel. These challenges demonstrate that communication problems are not merely administrative concerns but reflect interconnected structural, relational, and cultural issues within the organization. In response, the proposed intervention plan includes establishing a standardized communication protocol, adopting an official communication platform, conducting regular alignment meetings, providing accessible feedback mechanisms, issuing clear and actionable directives, implementing a communication calendar, and promoting participatory leadership practices. The study concludes that strengthening communication requires both systematic improvements and a commitment to transparency, active listening, shared decision-making, and mutual respect. Implementing these strategies may enhance organizational coordination, improve teacher engagement, strengthen institutional trust, and support a more collaborative and effective school environment.
Keywords: educational leadership, communication breakdown, organizational trust, teacher morale, school effectiveness, strategic intervention plan
ABSTRACT
Teacher recruitment in the Philippine public education system is guided by the principles of merit, transparency, accountability, and fairness. However, the implementation of localization policies may create challenges when residency preference is misunderstood as taking precedence over the qualifications and rankings of applicants. This case study examines the conflict between merit-based recruitment and localization in the hiring of teachers under the Department of Education (DepEd). Specifically, it aims to analyze the misinterpretation of localization policy, examine the tension between meritocracy and local preference, highlight the role of school administrators in maintaining policy integrity, and propose strategies to promote fair and transparent recruitment practices. The case involves an applicant from Paoay who was included in the Division’s Roster of Qualified Applicants (RQA) and ranked next for a Teacher I position at Bacarra High School. Despite the applicant’s qualifications and ranking, another applicant from Bacarra, who was not included in the RQA, challenged the selection based on the belief that local residency should be prioritized regardless of merit ranking. The situation was further complicated by political endorsements and external pressure. The analysis is anchored in Systems Theory, Equity Theory, and Communication Theory to explain how policy interpretation, communication clarity, and residency considerations influence hiring decisions and stakeholders’ perceptions of fairness. The case highlights that inadequate policy dissemination, misunderstanding of recruitment guidelines, and political interference can undermine institutional credibility, discourage qualified applicants, and create conflicts among stakeholders. To address these concerns, the study proposes strengthening policy dissemination, conducting stakeholder orientation, ensuring transparency in RQA rankings and selection criteria, standardizing recruitment documentation, resisting undue influence, and establishing formal grievance mechanisms. The case concludes that merit-based recruitment and localization should be implemented as complementary principles, with due consideration of applicable DepEd guidelines and legal requirements. Clear communication, ethical leadership, and consistent policy implementation are essential to safeguarding fairness, accountability, and public trust in teacher recruitment.
Keywords: teacher recruitment, localization policy, meritocracy, Roster of Qualified Applicants, ethical leadership, transparency
Abstract: Ropivacaine, or 1-propyl-2', 6’-pipecoloxylidide, is a non-racemic chiral amino amide similar in structure to
Bupivacaine. It is distinguished by the substitution on its amine group of another butyl group replaced by a propyl group. It is
considered a pure S-levorotatory enantiomer of the molecule. Unlike Bupivacaine which is a racemic equimolecular mixture
of the two enantiomers. The objective of our study is to integrate and generalize the use of Ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia.
Prospective descriptive interventional comparative clinical study, for 120 adult patients were recruited and randomly divided
into two groups (Ropivacaine group and Bupivacaine group), 60 patients in each arm who were admitted to the operating
room to undergo elective surgery or urgently requiring. The data collected are mainly demographic and anthropometric
characteristics. and perioperative hemodynamic parameters, namely: blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), incidence of acute
cardiovascular toxicities. The data collected was analyzed by SPSS “20” and Excel 2013 software.
120 patients were included in our study. The mean age was 45.25 ± 18.01. The sex ratio was 2.92 with a male predominance.
The mean height was 172.46 ± 7.48 cm, with a mean weight of 75.3 ± 11.09 kg, hemodynamic stability with the use of
Ropivacaine, with low cardiovascular toxicity compared to the Bupivacaine group, a satisfaction in the Ropivacaine group.
The Ropivacaine type of anesthetic drug shows promise for spinal anesthesia. The results found in our study are generally
similar to those reported in the literature, which allow us to conclude on the contribution of Ropivacaine compared to
Bupivacaine in terms of effectiveness and tolerance, with early ambulation. Finally, it can be used as a possible alternative to
Bupivacaine in regional anesthesia
This study examines how microprojects have contributed to the development of Ngezi-Ville Parish of the 80th Africa Inland Church in Bunia, Democratic Republic of Congo. It focuses on projects implemented between 2020 and 2025, with particular attention to their achievements, management, and sources of funding. Data were collected in 2026 from 300 respondents, including five parish officials involved in managing these projects. The study used structural-functional, statistical, and analytical approaches, supported by participatory observation, interviews, document review, and questionnaires. The findings show that microprojects have helped improve parish infrastructure, access to drinking water, sanitation, and the management of certain operating expenses. However, the results differ from one project to another, and some planned objectives have not been fully achieved. The main challenges include delays in project implementation, inadequate financial resources, limited use of monitoring and evaluation tools, and shortcomings in financial transparency. The study concludes that sustaining these achievements requires better project planning, regular monitoring and evaluation, greater financial accountability, and more diversified sources of funding.
A noun is a word that designates a person, a thing, a plant or an animal. In this article, we are interested in the names of people in yans/mpur language (B85 C)
The Contemporary French Dictionary defines a noun as follows: “word used to designate an individual, the name in which he or she is known.
In mpur areas, some people are officially called by names that have no meaning in their language. It is what we have called borrowed names and we want to demonstrate by a linguistic analysis from finding the real origin of these names.
This paper proposes a systematic qualitative analysis of research on integrative (interest) and distributive (positional) negotiation in cross-cultural business negotiations. The review which is based on fifty-two peer-reviewed publications, foundational books, and quality practitioner sources highlights the negative and positive dimensions of bargaining style: on the negative side joint value creation, the quality of relationship, the durability of the agreements, the transaction costs, and the escalation of conflict were examined, and on the positive side, social well-being, social functioning, and social relationships. While all of these factors must be considered, it can be argued that, under ideal conditions, relationships and outcomes are improved and more successful when an interest-based approach is used, supported by convergent evidence from the experimental and field studies and case studies examined. Culture, however, dampened those benefits in several ways (individualism–collectivism, power distance, communication context, time orientation, and face concerns) and situational factors (zero-sum framing, information asymmetry, and institutional safeguards). By incorporating the Dual Concern Model, BATNA/ZOPA theory, Prospect Theory and face-negotiation theory, the paper outlines a five-step diagnostic model for negotiation that will help corporate negotiators choose and tailor a bargaining strategy to the negotiation setting and cultural context. Finally, the paper provides suggestions for implementation for multinational corporations and policy makers. The paper's theoretical and practical bases lie in the knowledge that a culturally adaptive and contextually appropriate negotiation technique lies at the heart of negotiation scholarship and in global business management.
The lack of a clear taxonomy to distinguish Large Language Model (LLM) applications according to functional domain, deployment layer and integration method makes it difficult to compare and identify LLM research patterns, which is a key challenge. This study classifies the current research on LLM applications in five components of the 5G system: core network, radio access network (RAN), edge computing layer, and network management plane. A search was performed based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) in four electronic databases to obtain 226 initial papers, from which 26 studies published between 2020 and 2025 were selected following a multi-stage screening process. The analysis reveals that the primary study domains include Intent Based Networking (IBN) (34.6%), network management and automation (26.9%), and security and anomaly detection (23.1%). Most of the research works utilized deep learning and transformer-based large language models, including GPT-4, LLaMA and custom fine-tuned LLMs (76.9% of studies). Accuracy and F1-Score, with 46.2% and 23.1%, respectively, were the predominant evaluation metrics presented. Geographical analysis suggests that China/Hong Kong and Canada produced the most publications, followed by Europe and South Korea. The gaps in research identified by this review are lack of 5G-specific benchmarks, lack of edge-optimised LLM deployments, lack of focus on real-time latency constraints, and lack of a regulatory and security framework. Future research should prioritize federated learning, model distillation for edge deployment, and the development of telecom-native evaluation benchmarks to enable responsible, carrier-grade LLM integration in 5G and beyond-5G networks.
Stress can arise from overlapping instructional, administrative, environmental, and personal demands. This study assessed stress levels, sources and manifestations of stress, and coping mechanisms among public elementary school teachers in Bauang North District, Division of La Union, during School Year 2025–2026. A descriptive survey design was used with 172 teacher respondents. Data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, stress experiences, stressors, stress manifestations, and coping strategies. The instrument was reviewed by five expert validators and pretested with 10 public school teachers; the manuscript reports a scale-level content validity index of 0.83 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.87 to 0.99 across instrument domains. Frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, and rankings were used.
Classroom management had the highest mean among stress domains (M = 3.54, highly stressful), followed by workload/assignments (M = 3.40), moderately stressful), personal concerns (M = 3.10), and work conditions/environment (M = 3.03). Paperwork was the highest-ranked work-related stressor (M = 3.87), while lack of quality sleep was the highest-ranked non-work-related stressor (M = 3.41). Physical effects were most prominent (M = 3.48), particularly physical exhaustion (M = 3.63). Teachers reported frequent use of problem-focused coping (M = 4.21) and emotion-focused coping (M = 4.15).
Findings suggest that individual coping strategies should be complemented by organizational measures addressing administrative workload, classroom behavior support, rest and recovery, and collegial wellness. The findings are descriptive and should not be interpreted as evidence of causal relationships.
Keywords: teacher stress, coping mechanisms, public elementary teachers, occupational well-being, wellness program
ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization and a growing vehicle fleet have worsened air quality in Kigali, Rwanda, where traffic-related pollution is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is promoted as a response, yet local evidence on its air-quality and health effects is limited. This study examines EV adoption, urban air quality and public health in Kigali from 2019 to 2025 using a descriptive, mixed-methods design that combines vehicle registration and import records, operator and ministry data, modelled emission reductions, and a stakeholder survey (N = 344). Electric motorcycles increased from 20 to about 9,500, electric buses from none to 70, private electric cars from 15 to 4,500, hybrid vehicles from 150 to 6,700, and charging or battery-swapping points from 4 to 230, with growth accelerating after the April 2021 incentive package. Applying per-vehicle emission-reduction factors, the 2025 fleet of electric motorcycles, buses and private cars is estimated to avoid about 21.7 tonnes of NO₂ and 228 tonnes of CO per year. Survey respondents agreed moderately that EV adoption was growing, but correlations of adoption with perceived air quality (r = −0.058, p = 0.287) and public health (r = 0.056, p = 0.296) were very weak and not statistically significant. EV expansion therefore appears to be a promising but still early-stage contributor to cleaner urban air; measured concentration and health data are needed to confirm causal effects. Policy priorities include wider charging networks, continuous air-quality monitoring, health indicators in transport planning, and affordable EV finance
L’éducation constitue l’un des principaux leviers de développement humain, de réduction de la pauvreté et de transformation économique. En République démocratique du Congo (RDC), les pouvoirs publics ont engagé plusieurs réformes visant à améliorer l’accès à l’école, notamment la gratuité de l’enseignement primaire, la réorganisation du système éducatif et le renforcement de la gouvernance sectorielle.
Malgré ces avancées, de nombreuses difficultés persistent : insuffisance des infrastructures, surpeuplement des classes, disparités territoriales, précarité des conditions de travail des enseignants, faiblesse des ressources pédagogiques et insuffisances dans le suivi des apprentissages. La politique éducative demeure également confrontée aux difficultés de financement, à l’inadéquation de certaines formations avec les besoins économiques et à la vulnérabilité des enfants vivant dans les zones de conflit ou de grande pauvreté.
Cet article propose une analyse critique de la politique éducative congolaise, en examinant ses orientations, ses acquis et ses principales limites. Il préconise des réformes portant sur le financement, la formation des enseignants, la qualité des apprentissages, l’équité territoriale, la gouvernance et la professionnalisation des filières. Il soutient que l’amélioration durable de l’éducation exige de dépasser la seule augmentation du nombre d’élèves scolarisés pour garantir à chaque enfant un apprentissage réel, équitable et adapté aux besoins de la société congolaise.
Bottomline of empiricism is that an individual’s performance is the sum of experiences. On this traction, Africa’s past experiences model its present identity. Thus, this study biulds on the believe that issues of contemporary Africanity should gear towards developing measures that can harness African past in modelling present African identity. As general aim, the study explores transcoloniality as progressivist approach that integrates pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial experiences of Africans. The specific aim is to showcase scientific development in Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a functional tool for developing post-colonial Africanity. To achieve this, the study applies critical realism methodology as an exploratory method in integrating philosophical concept and scientific achievement. The objectives of the study are two-fold; to justify the resourcefulness of transcoloniality as a progressivist approach in developing contemporary Africa; and, to identify AI as a sustainable tool in re-establishing Africanity in the global stage of pluriversal knowledge. The study finds that AI solutions and programmes such as Meta and Deepbrain AI align with cultural prospects of African communalism, logic and epistemology, and are veritable tools to sustain them. It concludes that there is existential need for collaboration of African philosophers, scientists and developers in exploring the wave of AI in developing and sustaining Africa’s presence in global stage.
Keywords: coloniality, transcoloniality, artificial intelligence, Africanity, post-coloniality, African identity.
This study examines the promptness of social media and traditional communication channels during the November 2022 Williamson Diamonds Limited (WDL) tailings dam failure in Kishapu District, Tanzania. Adopting a qualitative case study approach guided by an interpretivist paradigm, data were collected through key informant interviews, five focus group discussions with displaced households in Nyenze and Ng’wangh’olo villages, and corporate digital record audits. Findings revealed that traditional channels, including public address systems, community meetings, drums, whistles, and interpersonal alerts, outperformed social media during the immediate disaster phase. While 89% of respondents identified traditional methods as their primary sources of immediate alerts, official Facebook, Instagram, and corporate websites published no emergency updates during the crisis. The study concludes that in rural settings with limited resources, communication promptness depends more on accessible community networks than technological capacity. It advocates assessing emergency communication speed through timely, actionable message reception rather than transmission rates alone.
The main aim of the project is to structurally analyze and design a seismic resistant multi-storey_x000D_
building. A building has to perform many functions satisfactorily. Amongst, these functions are_x000D_
the utility of the building for the intended use and occupancy, structural safety, fire safety; and_x000D_
compliance with hygienic sanitation and ventilation and daylight standards. The design of the_x000D_
building is dependent upon the minimum requirement prescribed for each of the above functions._x000D_
As per the recent following of the Gorkha Earthquake that occurred in 25th April, 2015, the_x000D_
construction of multi-storey building has been of major concern. So, proper selection of the_x000D_
building site is required. The analysis and design of our building is based on increasing the_x000D_
seismic capacity through proper configuration of the structure as well as proper designing and_x000D_
ductile detailing of structural elements._x000D_
The project is commenced within the above-mentioned criteria. Also, the strength and_x000D_
serviceability criteria are fulfilled. The final output of the project is object in the form of detailed_x000D_
drawings.
Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes remains the most medically important among all mosquito’s species. This research is aimed at determining the species composition and diversity of adult Anopheles mosquitoes. The study was carried out in eight communities of Keffi Local Government Area, Nasarawa State from May to December, 2025. Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) method was used to collect indoor resting adult mosquitoes from thirty-two (32) randomly selected homes within the eight (8) sampled communities. Morphological identification was carried out on all the mosquitoes collected. Out of the five hundred and ninety-six (596) Anopheles encountered, 63.8% were An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l), 21.5% An. funestus, 7.5% An. coustani, 4.7% An. pharoensis and 2.5% An. rufipes. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant species while Anopheles rufipes was the least prevalent. Sabon Gari recorded the highest number of mosquitoes composition while Angwan Lambu recorded the least number. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the composition and distribution between mosquitoes and sampled locations. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson’s Index showed that Keffi hold a complex diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes. Liman Abaji recorded the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of 1.417(H’) closely followed by Angwan Lambu with 1.365 H’ while Angwan Jaba recorded the lowest with 0.454 H’. The findings revealed the preponderance of An. gambiae s.l. species indicating high malaria transmission potential in the study area. This underscores the importance of generating intensive spatio-temporal information on the risk factors associated with malaria transmission on a local scale. However, mosquitoes’ management should be species-specific base and localized.
La transformation numérique constitue aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur pour les établissements d’enseignement supérieur, notamment en matière de communication institutionnelle, de modernisation administrative et de recrutement des étudiants. Le présent article analyse le rôle du marketing digital dans l’augmentation des effectifs étudiants à l’Université pédagogique nationale (UPN), en mettant particulièrement l’accent sur la numérisation des inscriptions. Elle vise à examiner la contribution des campagnes numériques à l’attractivité universitaire ainsi que le rôle de la dématérialisation des procédures d’inscription dans la modernisation des services administratifs. La recherche repose sur une démarche qualitative à visée descriptive et analytique, mobilisant les techniques documentaires et d’enquête auprès des personnes concernées.
Les résultats indiquent que les réseaux sociaux, les témoignages d’étudiants, les vidéos explicatives et les informations relatives aux filières constituent des moyens importants de communication et d’attraction des candidats. Ils mettent également en évidence l’existence de difficultés d’utilisation de la plateforme d’inscription pour une partie des enquêtés. L’analyse statistique ne permet toutefois pas d’établir une association significative entre l’existence de campagnes de marketing digital et l’augmentation des effectifs étudiants. Ce constat invite à considérer avec prudence la contribution effective de ces campagnes au recrutement universitaire. L’étude recommande ainsi le renforcement de la communication numérique, l’amélioration de la plateforme d’inscription, la formation du personnel administratif, la sécurisation des données et l’évaluation régulière des performances des actions numériques. Elle souligne que le marketing digital peut constituer un levier de modernisation et d’attractivité pour l’UPN, à condition d’être intégré à une stratégie institutionnelle cohérente et accompagné.
BSTRACT
The objective of this research is to prove that the gravitational force is a repelling force. My hypothesis in this respect
was derived from At-Tariq Sura in the Holy Quran; the verses number 11 and 12, which translated as 11: “By the sky that
it returns” and 12: “And the earth that cracks open”, [1]. These verses indicate that the property of the sky is to repel
what would come from the earth and the property of the earth is to be broken down by what would come from the sky.
The methodology of the research is a pure discussion of different theories and findings in this respect in the literature.
The key points in the discussion are: first; the so called scientific facts are not absolute facts; second; the paradox in
different theories related to this concern needs some solutions; third undiscovered information on natural phenomena
would have indirect unseen relationships with current theories; fourth; the dark energy is the main area of our
arguments, taking into consideration its very strong force, which would play a major role in the expansion of the
universe. We end our discussion with a conclusion that the contracting Newtonian force would be due to the domination
of magnetic forces at short distances such as the height of an apple tree or a little more; whereas at somewhat higher
distance the repelling gravitational force of dark matter would start to dominate. The centralization of the earth was
given special attention in the paper.
ABSTRACT The legal status of the injured party (persona offesa) in criminal proceedings occupies a critical space between state authority and private redress under Somaliland law. Governed by the Criminal Procedure Code, 1963 (Legislative Decree No. 1 of 1 June 1963) and the constitutional continuity clause in Article 130(5) of the Somaliland Constitution, the distribution of procedural power between public prosecutors and injured parties requires rigorous doctrinal evaluation. Employing a systematic four-stage doctrinal methodology grounded in statutory interpretation and functional doctrinal analysis, this study examines the procedural capacities of the injured party across three core dimensions: decision-making authority, procedural participation, and institutional responsiveness. By examining provisions governing reporting (denuncia), formal complaints (querela), charge withdrawal requiring judicial consent and a reasoned termination order (Criminal Procedure Code, 1963, art. 112) alongside judicial termination for lack of evidence (art. 115) and pre-trial jurisdictional orders (art. 228), trial evidentiary involvement, civil joinder (parte civile under arts. 14, 119, and 130–131), and a bifurcated appellate analysis distinguishing express civil damages standing under Article 227(2)(d) (governed by the conditions of Article 220) from the open interpretive question regarding independent penal appeals (arts. 208, 211, 226, and 230), the inquiry tests whether private participation establishes independent procedural control or functions within a framework of public prosecutorial direction. The study demonstrates that the Code recognises the injured party as a distinct legal subject, while the legal effects of particular participatory capacities depend on the provisions governing each procedural route. Reporting, conditional complaints, witness participation, civil joinder and appellate standing must therefore be analysed separately. The civil-damages claim is examined through the accessory model, whereas the broader relationship between private participation and public prosecutorial authority is assessed through the Code’s allocation of powers and its express procedural safeguards. Within the provisions examined, the Code does not expressly confer a general right on the injured party to compel investigative steps, require pre-decision consultation, or challenge prosecutorial administrative closure through an independent review mechanism. These findings are provisional textual conclusions; a categorical conclusion that no alternative mechanism exists requires verification of the complete relevant procedural framework through a documented statutory audit log. Consequently, within the examined statutory framework, the injured party occupies an institutional position of structural subordination. The study concludes that under Somaliland criminal procedure, private participation is recognised and legally consequential, but the injured party does not thereby acquire general authority to direct public investigations or control the course of prosecution. Prosecutorial direction remains principally within the public prosecution structure under Article 12, subject to the judicial powers and safeguards expressly conferred by the Code.
The proliferation of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems has transformed urban security governance. However, African cities, including Kampala, often lack robust surveillance regulations and accountability frameworks. Although Uganda’s national CCTV system supports crime detection, traffic management, and public order, concerns about misuse, mass surveillance, and political targeting raise questions about public trust and legitimacy.
This study examined the policy frameworks and operational practices governing Uganda’s national CCTV system, focusing on residents’ perceptions of safety and privacy. A mixed-methods design combined an online survey of 94 Kampala Metropolitan Area residents with 11 Key Interviews (KIIs) involving Uganda Police Force (UPF) officials responsible for managing the system. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, ordinal logistic regression, and correlation analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic content analysis.
Findings revealed that 67% of respondents perceived CCTV as enhancing public safety, with mean ratings of 4.2–4.4 on a five-point scale. Safety perceptions showed no significant demographic differences (p > 0.05), and regression identified no significant predictors. However, 44% expressed privacy concerns, particularly regarding footage misuse (54%) and unauthorized access (44%). Privacy concerns showed no significant demographic variation (χ²(2) = 1.78, p = 0.411). The relationship between safety perceptions and privacy concerns was weak and statistically insignificant (Spearman’s ρ = −0.124, p = 0.28).
The study concludes that CCTV enjoys conditional legitimacy, as perceived security benefits coexist with privacy concerns. Inadequate oversight, unclear access procedures, and accountability gaps constrain public trust. Sustainable implementation requires transparency, independent oversight, stronger data governance, and public accountability to safeguard fundamental rights and strengthen institutional legitimacy.
Digital transformation has rapidly emerged as a powerful modern catalyst driving long-term business sustainability. This study examined digital transformation as a catalyst for business sustainability in Makindye Division, Kansanga, Uganda. It explored three core dimensions of digital transformation: the role of digital marketing, the impact of digital transactions, and the contribution of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption to long-term business viability. A mixed-methods case study design was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, documentary review, and focus group discussions. A total of 140 respondents participated, yielding an impressive 88.3% response rate. Quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA, SPSS, and Microsoft Office tools, while qualitative data were thematically interpreted. Findings revealed that digital transformation significantly enhances business sustainability. Digital marketing improved customer engagement, broadened market reach, and strengthened brand visibility. Digital transactions increased operational efficiency, reduced costs, and improved financial transparency. IoT adoption enhanced real-time monitoring, supported informed decision-making, and optimized resource utilization. The study further established that digital transformation reduces knowledge-flow barriers, enabling faster information access and improving internal business processes. However, businesses that rapidly digitalize tend to attract highly skilled individuals, potentially widening talent gaps among less digitalized enterprises. The study concludes that digital transformation is a powerful enabler of sustainable business growth in Kansanga, but requires balanced strategies to manage associated risks. The findings provide valuable insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to harness digital technologies for resilient and competitive business ecosystems.
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