Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Abstract
Security of lives and properties had been a challenge in Nigeria in recent times. Thousands of lives and properties worth millions of naira had been lost due to militancy, insurgency, armed banditry and agitations of all kinds. Federal, State and Local government authorities have made several efforts to cushion the effects of insecurity on the lives of citizens but yet, the problem still persists. This study examined the intersection of chemical science, information and communication technology (ICT), and national security in South East Nigerian. It explored how advancements in chemical sciences such as forensic science, contribute to national defense and public safety. The theoretical framework is Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Systems Theory. The study adopted a multidisciplinary approach, situating chemical science and ICT within broader socio-political and economic contexts. It highlights how chemical innovations support counter-terrorism and border control, while ICT enables real-time data analysis, secure communication, and predictive modeling of security threats. The study also interrogates challenges such as inadequate funding, weak institutional frameworks, and limited technical expertise, which undermine the effective integration of science and technology into Nigeria’s national security architecture. Using the case studies, and empirical evidence approach, the study underscored the need for a holistic security strategy that will leverage on scientific knowledge and digital technologies. It then concluded that sustainable investment in chemical science research, ICT infrastructure, and human capacity development is essential for Nigeria to address evolving security threats.
ABSTRACT
Construction projects in Rwanda continue to face cost, schedule and quality pressures, making effective risk management important for reliable project delivery. This study assessed the effect of risk management practices on success of construction projects in Rwanda, focusing on Cercle Model Village in Rutsiro District. Specifically, the study examined the effect of risk identification, risk analysis, risk mitigation, and risk monitoring on project success. Guided by Normal Accident Theory, Theory of Change, Stakeholder Theory, and Theory of Constraints, the study adopted a descriptive and correlational research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population was 242 individuals drawn from different professional categories directly engaged in the project, from which Slovin's formula yielded a sample of 151 respondents, selected through stratified and simple random sampling. Data were collected using document review, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews, and analysed in SPSS Version 29 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, thematic analysis, and multiple regression. Of the 151 questionnaires distributed, 139 were returned complete, representing a 92.1% response rate. All four risk management practices had strong, statistically significant positive correlations with project success: risk identification (r = 0.828), risk analysis (r = 0.849), risk mitigation (r = 0.810), and risk monitoring (r = 0.805), each at p = 0.000. Jointly, the four practices explained 83.0% of the variance in project success (R² = 0.830, F = 165.926, p = 0.000). Risk Identification had a positive and significant effect on success of construction projects (B = 0.266, Beta = 0.251, t = 3.855, p = 0.000); Risk Analysis had a positive and significant effect on success of construction projects (B = 0.355, Beta = 0.348, t = 5.299, p = 0.000), the strongest individual predictor; Risk Mitigation had a positive and significant effect on success of construction projects (B = 0.221, Beta = 0.231, t = 3.746, p = 0.000); and Risk Monitoring had a positive and significant effect on success of construction projects (B = 0.160, Beta = 0.173, t = 2.712, p = 0.007), the smallest though still significant contribution. The study concluded that project risk management significantly contributed to success of construction projects in Cercle Model Village. It recommended that responsible institutions strengthen early hazard listing, risk source mapping and stakeholder participation in risk scanning while also strengthening the other significant practices identified by the study.
Keywords: Risk identification, Risk analysis, Risk mitigation, Risk monitoring, Construction project success, Rwanda.
This study examined the effect of project management practices on the performance of Karisimbi Cave Resort in Musanze District, Rwanda. Specifically, the study sought to evaluate the effect of project planning, examine the effect of risk management, and analyse the effect of resource management on the performance of the resort. The study was guided by Project Management Theory and adopted a convergent parallel mixed research design, collecting quantitative and qualitative data during the same phase. From a target population of 135 (120 guests, 10 management staff and 5 operational staff), a sample of 100 participants was selected using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample-size table, comprising 85 guests selected through simple random sampling and 15 management and operational staff selected through purposive sampling. Quantitative data were collected from management and operational staff using a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale, while qualitative data were collected from guests through an interview guide, supplemented by a document review of planning, risk and resource records. The overall Content Validity Index was 0.94, and Cronbach's Alpha ranged from 0.802 to 0.811 across the three study variables, confirming very good reliability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics, while qualitative data were analysed thematically, with results triangulated across questionnaire, interview and document-review sources. All 15 questionnaires distributed to management and operational staff were completed and returned, a 100% response rate. The findings showed that project planning had a positive and statistically significant effect on resort performance, explaining 81.1% of its variance (R² = 0.811, B = 0.722, Beta = 0.872, F = 941.365, p = 0.000). Risk management also had a positive and significant effect, explaining 68.2% of the variance (R² = 0.682, B = 0.727, Beta = 0.826, F = 635.701, p = 0.001). Resource management likewise had a positive and significant effect, explaining 61.3% of the variance (R² = 0.613, B = 0.741, Beta = 0.783, F = 518.763, p = 0.002). When considered together, the three practices explained 83.4% of the variation in resort performance (R = 0.913, R² = 0.834, F = 893.052, p = 0.000). Interview findings showed that guests generally experienced organised service delivery, prompt handling of problems, and adequate resources, although delays and resource shortages occurred during peak periods. Document review confirmed the existence of planning, risk and resource records, but found weaknesses in detailed documentation, contingency planning and regular monitoring. The study concluded that project planning, risk management and resource management each significantly and positively contribute to the performance of Karisimbi Cave Resort, and recommended that management strengthen detailed project planning, risk documentation and contingency planning, and periodic resource assessment and staff training to further improve performance.
Keywords: Project Planning, Risk Management, Resource Management, Organisational Performance, Karisimbi Cave Resort, Rwanda.
Biotechnology and biosafety are linked development and governance priorities for the East African Community (EAC). This publication synthesizes nine consultation documents covering all eight Partner States from 10 April to 6 June 2025, supplemented by checks against official legal instruments, treaty records and international guid-ance. It reviews research, regulation, institutional capacity, skills, infrastructure, financing, public participation, biosecurity and regional cooperation.
The evidence points to an uneven but substantive regional biotechnology base. Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda reported relatively diversified activity, while Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia and South Sudan highlighted needs for foundational or consolidated capacity. These groupings reflect the con-sulted evidence, not national rankings. Research capability, biosafety legislation and implementation readiness do not always progress together.
Recurring challenges include unpredictable funding, shortages of specialised skills, infrastructure constraints, fragmented mandates, limited information exchange and insufficient public engagement. The review also found inconsistencies in reporting treaty participation, legal dates and product approval stages.
Regional progress requires tailored national support within a shared, risk-based cooperation framework. Priori-ties include verified national baselines, stronger regulation, shared scientific tools, networked laboratories, sus-tainable financing, transparent public participation and phased regional coordination. Cooperation should sup-port—not replace or predetermine—national regulatory decisions.
Nigeria’s electricity access deficit remains disproportionately rural, with national access at 61.2 percent in 2023 against a rural rate of 32.9 percent, leaving over 80 million Nigerians without reliable power. Decentralised solar PV mini-grids are a least-cost pathway to closing this gap, reinforced by Nigeria’s Vision 30:30:30 target and the Mini-Grid Regulations, 2026. This study integrates geospatial site selection with simulation-based techno-economic design, extending earlier work that identified Kaduna State as a priority for agricultural-value-chain electrification (Odion, 2026). The Energy Access Explorer (EAE) screened candidate communities in Kaduna’s Kudan Local Government Area, and PVsyst designed and financially appraised the selected system.
Likoro emerged as the priority site, with a composite EAE score of 40.3 percent and a location 2.37 km beyond the range at which grid extension is least-cost. A 101 kWp standalone PV mini-grid with a 442.4 kWh lithium-iron-phosphate battery and a 60 kW diesel back-up generator was designed for an estimated load of 400 kWh/day, yielding 1,442 kWh/kWp/year and a solar fraction of 99.54 percent. Financed through a blended own-funds, subsidy, and loan structure, the system returned a levelised cost of electricity of USD 0.28/kWh, a net present value of USD 102,037, an internal rate of return of 39.52 percent, and a payback period of 10.4 years, financially viable though subsidy-dependent. It avoids 117 tonnes of CO2 annually, a 99.6 percent reduction against a diesel baseline. Combining EAE screening with PVsyst-based design offers a bankable, replicable pipeline for site-specific mini-grid projects, provided blended financing bridges the tariff-affordability gap.
Pharmaceutical quality control under Current Good Manufacturing Practice ensures identity, purity, potency and stability of medicines
This seminar evaluates the enduring role of classical absolute methods - titrimetric and gravimetric analyses as primary referee methods in pharmaceutical QC. Unlike relative instrumental methods that depend on calibration curves, classical methods rely on direct SI-traceable measurements of mass and volume, offering superior metrological integrity.
The work reviews fundamental principles, calculations on titrimetry,gravimetry), primary standard systems (KHP, Na2CO3, Zn metal), and end-point detection (visual vs potentiometric per ICH Q2(R1), 2005).
Titrimetry is examined across its six compendial types: acid-base (aspirin back-titration), non-aqueous (ephedrine HCl/codeine in glacial acetic acid with perchloric acid), redox (ascorbic acid), complexometric (calcium gluconate with EDTA), precipitation (argentometric assay of NaCl infusion - Mohr's method), and Karl Fischer (volumetric and coulometric) as the referee method for water determination under ICH Q1A(R2) (2003). Gravimetry is examined as precipitation gravimetry ( BaSO4 for sulfate, AgCl for chloride), volatilization gravimetry - Loss on Drying <731> at 105°C ( ≤15.0% for starch, ≤0.5% for aspirin) and Residue on Ignition / Sulfated Ash <281> at 600±50°C with H2SO4 ( ≤0.1% for synthetic APIs), and electrogravimetry.
Classical methods remain indispensable for bulk assay and raw material verification, while HPLC is complementary for trace impurity profiling below 0.1%.
Finally, the seminar integrates Green Analytical Chemistry principles through micro-titrations, automation and benign solvent substitution to reduce waste, concluding that classical methods are cost-effective, regulatory-mandated and highly relevant for resource-limited settings and emerging manufacturing hubs in Nigeria.
Abstract
Territorial planning is an essential instrument for spatial organization, sustainable natural resource
management and local development. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, urban development,
cultural heritage preservation, ecosystem protection and improvements in local living conditions call for
an integrated approach to territorial planning. In this context, Lumumbaville, located in Sankuru
Province, provides a relevant case study for examining how spatial planning can support tourism that
respects local communities, cultural heritage and the natural environment.
This article proposes a methodological framework for integrating controlled Indigenous tourism into
territorial planning instruments. It combines documentary analysis, participatory territorial diagnosis,
resource mapping, geographic information systems, functional zoning, stakeholder analysis and
monitoring indicators. The proposed approach emphasizes meaningful community participation, cultural
and environmental protection, free, prior and informed consent where Indigenous peoples’ rights are
concerned, and transparent distribution of tourism benefits.
As no fieldwork results are presented, the proposed findings should be understood as methodological
recommendations and expected outcomes rather than empirically established conclusions. The article
provides an operational framework for integrating sustainable tourism into local territorial planning in
Lumumbaville
The rapid growth of big data ecosystems has transformed organizational decision-making and at same time increasing exposure to cybersecurity threats. Although Business Intelligence (BI) and Data Science offer robust engines for descriptive reporting and predictive modeling, their analytical outputs remain highly vulnerable to pipeline manipulation, unauthorized access, and data poisoning. This research explored how a tightly coupled BI, Data Science and Cybersecurity model can improve decision quality, reduce organisational risk, and support adaptive responses in dynamic data environments. A mixed-method, systems-oriented research design was adopted, incorporating architectural modelling, machine-learning analytics, and cybersecurity evaluation. The framework was implemented using heterogeneous datasets, Python-based analytics tools, Apache Spark, and a secured cloud environment. Security mechanisms such as encryption, access control, intrusion detection, and anomaly monitoring were integrated into the analytical pipeline and assessed through simulated cyber-threat scenarios. Findings indicated that the integrated framework significantly improves data integrity, analytical reliability, and decision-support quality. BI dashboards generated more consistent reports, predictive models exhibited greater robustness under attack conditions, and cybersecurity mechanisms effectively detected and mitigated anomalous activities before they could compromise analytical outputs. Although the inclusion of security controls introduced moderate computational overhead, the resulting gains in resilience, trustworthiness, and decision accuracy outweighed performance costs. The study contributes to the emerging field of secure analytics by demonstrating that the integration of BI, Data Science, and Cybersecurity provides a scalable and effective approach for intelligent, secure, and data-driven decision-making in modern organizations.
Environmental degradation is a critical challenge in rapidly urbanizing districts of Rwanda, despite national community-based conservation initiatives. This study assessed the impact of community engagement on environmental conservation practices in Gasabo District, Kigali City. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 200 randomly selected residents using structured questionnaires. GIS-based Land Use and Land Cover analysis was conducted to evaluate environmental changes between 2015 and 2025. The study examined the forms and levels of community engagement, the factors influencing engagement, the effects of engagement on conservation, and the relationship between engagement and conservation outcomes. The findings provide important insights into how community participation shapes environmental conservation in a rapidly urbanizing district and highlight the opportunities and constraints associated with community-based conservation. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening institutional support, integrating conservation with land-use planning, expanding environmental training, and enhancing community participation in environmental decision-making.
Abstract
Physics and mathematics seem like two separate fields, but a deeper look can show that, in fact, they're really just one field and the same.
In a previous article titled is it time to unify physics and mathematics? We have introduced, explained and analyzed seven important and urgent questions and answers showing that physics and applied mathematics are in fact two sides of the same coin, Nature.
Both classical physics and quantum physics as well as applied mathematics belong to the same universal law in physics 1* [2]:
Energy density curvature U (x,y,z,t) x Space time curvature C (x,y,z,t) = I n,n . . .. . (1*)
In this article, we apply the same traditional approach using Equation 1*, which has proven successful in combining physics with mathematics.
Note that equation 1* is the toughest equation in physics and applied mathematics, in the sense that any rule or theory that doesn't agree with it must be incomplete or even wrong and needs to be disproved.
At the limit we would say that equation 1* is the only equation describing nature.
Actually, equation 1* was introduced and applied in an innovative way by the author in 2020 [2-13] to describe new physics and new mathematics in a closed control volume bounded by a closed surface under Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Once again, this article is a continuation or an extension of the previous articles,[2-13], based on the golden equation 1*.
Abstract
Insecurity and Corruption: The Devastating Impact on Somalia presents a research-based, comprehensive analysis of the mutually reinforcing relationship between insecurity and corruption in Somalia and their profound consequences for governance, development, and human security. The book argues that Somalia’s prolonged political crisis cannot be understood as a problem of armed violence alone; rather, insecurity and corruption constitute an interdependent cycle in which weak institutions, clan-based patronage, and the absence of accountability enable violence, while violence and state fragility further expand opportunities for corruption. Drawing on historical analysis, institutional assessment, documented cases, international reports, and empirical studies, the book examines the historical roots of state collapse, the conceptual foundations of insecurity and corruption, and the rise of Al-Shabaab as both a violent extremist movement and an alternative governance actor. It further analyses clan militias and inter-communal conflict, displacement and humanitarian vulnerability, systemic corruption in public institutions, the clan corruption nexus, and corruption within the security sector, including ghost soldiers, procurement fraud, arms diversion, and payroll abuse. The study also explores the role of humanitarian aid, the erosion of the social contract, and the damaging effects of insecurity and corruption on the economy, education, health, justice, and the rule of law. It critically evaluates anti-corruption frameworks, security sector reform, and international engagement, finding that externally driven, capacity-focused interventions have often failed because they neglect governance, accountability, and local ownership. The book concludes that breaking Somalia’s vicious cycle requires integrated, evidence-based, and locally owned reforms: transparent public financial management, credible parliamentary and audit oversight, accountable security institutions, digital governance, civic participation, media freedom, and redesigned international partnerships based on mutual accountability. By connecting structural corruption to insecurity and insecurity to institutional decay, this book offers both a critical diagnosis of Somalia’s governance crisis and a practical framework for building a more secure, transparent, just, and prosperous Somali state.
Keywords: Somalia; insecurity; corruption; state fragility; Al-Shabaab; governance; security sector reform; accountability; humanitarian aid; institutional reform.
This study examines Toni Morrison’s later novels—A Mercy (2008), Home (2012), and God Help the Child (2015)—as philosophical texts that reconfigure the concepts of race, belonging, origin, and otherness. The research is grounded in the philosophy of race and draws primarily on deconstruction and postcolonial theory to demonstrate how Morrison’s fiction destabilizes fixed racial categories and reimagines identity as relational, historical, and ethically constructed.
The study is motivated by the gap in scholarship that has largely treated Morrison’s works from sociological, historical, or psychoanalytic perspectives, while underexploring their philosophical depth. It argues that Morrison’s later fiction should be read not only as literary representation but also as a form of philosophical inquiry into being, ethics, and human relationality in racialized contexts.
Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach, using textual analysis, thematic analysis, and comparative cross-textual reading. The analysis focuses on narrative structure, symbolism, character interaction, and historical embeddedness to uncover how meaning is constructed and deconstructed across the selected texts. The theoretical framework integrates Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction and postcolonial theorists such as Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak, alongside contributions from philosophy of race scholars, particularly Naomi Zack, whose work emphasizes race as a socially constructed and historically contingent category.
Findings from the study suggest that Morrison’s later novels systematically dismantle essentialist understandings of race, revealing it instead as a fluid and unstable category shaped by language, power, and historical trauma. The novels further demonstrate that belonging and otherness are not fixed opposites but interdependent conditions of human existence shaped by ethical relations and recognition.
The study concludes that Morrison’s later fiction constitutes a literary philosophy of race that contributes significantly to contemporary debates in literary theory, postcolonial studies, and philosophy of race. It therefore positions Morrison not only as a novelist but also as a philosophical thinker whose narratives articulate a complex ethics of relational humanity.
ABSTRACT
This study examines the relationship between visual pollution and commercial
legibility in the context of anarchic metropolization. The objective is to
measure the impact of unregulated proliferation of advertising structures on
the commercial performance of Kinshasa's main arteries compared to
regulatory models in New York, Jakarta, Seoul, and Tokyo. A mixed-methods
approach combined georeferenced direct observation of 4,500 structures on
12 main arteries of Kinshasa, a questionnaire survey of 120 traders, and
documentary analysis of international regulations. Results show an average
density of 87.4 structures/Km in Kinshasa against an international standard of
15/Km. 78.3% are non-compliant in size, 65% encroach on pedestrian right-of
way, and average eye fixation time is only 0.8 seconds vs 3.2 seconds in Seoul.
Linear regression shows a significant negative correlation (r = -.72, p<.001)
between display density and reported turnover. The study proposes the
"LISIBLISABLE KINSHASA" model based on a display code, visible m² tax, and
per-artery governance.
Keywords : Visual pollution, commercial legibility, outdoor advertising, urban
regulation, Kinshasa
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the strategic positioning of the Democratic Republic of Congo in the face of the 21st-century dual rupture: the technological shock induced by competition for critical minerals and the monetary shock characterized by massive printing and the debt crisis. Based on UN Comtrade 2018-2024 data, USGS and BCC reports, and 17 qualitative interviews, the study shows that despite holding 73% of global Cobalt reserves and potential Germanium deposits, the DRC loses USD 4.2 billion/year in value through raw mineral exports. A comparative analysis with Chile and Indonesia reveals that banning raw exports combined with mandatory local processing is the condition for resilience. The article proposes 6 operational recommendations for policymakers, research institutions, and students.
Keywords: DRC, Economic war, Critical minerals, Monetary shock, Sovereignty, Resilience
There are twelve points to discuss: definition and delimitation of the topic; The rationale for the choice of the topic and its rationale, the choice of the corpus for analysis, the research questions, the research hypothesis, the research problem, the research objectives, the thesis to maintain the literary approaches and its rationale, the research methodology, the background of the study, and the significance of the study.
Cet article examine la dynamique des interactions entre les sphères monétaire et réelle en RD
Congo sur la période allant de 1990 à 2025. Contrairement aux approches traditionnelles qui
saturent les fonctions de production avec des variables de contrôle intermédiaires, cette étude fait
le choix méthodologique de la parcimonie à travers une spécification bivariée épurée afin d’isoler
avec précision la contribution nette du taux d’inflation sur la croissance du PIB.
En mobilisant la méthodologie des modèles autorégressifs à retards échelonnés (ARDL), les
résultats empiriques révèlent une dichotomie structurelle entre le court et le long terme. A court
terme, le modèle valide l’existence d’une relation de cointégration caractérisée par une force de
rappel exceptionnellement vigoureuse, témoignant d’une convergence par oscillations amorties
où les chocs macroéconomiques se résorbent en moins d’un an. De plus, une impulsion
inflationniste immédiate exerce un effet marginal positif et significatif.
A l’inverse, l’équation en niveaux consacre la thèse de la neutralité de la monnaie à long terme, le
coefficient de l’inflation s’avérant statistiquement non significatif. Le faible pouvoir explicatif de
la variable monétaire (R-carré=0,19) indique que la croissance congolaise demeure exogène à
hauteur de 81 %, gouvernée par des facteurs réels et des chocs de termes de l’échange. Face à ces
évidences, nous préconisons l’abandon des politiques de désinflation régressives au profit d’un
ciblage d’inflation flexible et pragmatique situé dans une zone de confort tolérée entre 7 et 12 %.
Cet article examine la dynamique des interactions entre les sphères monétaire et réelle en RD
Congo sur la période allant de 1990 à 2025. Contrairement aux approches traditionnelles qui
saturent les fonctions de production avec des variables de contrôle intermédiaires, cette étude fait
le choix méthodologique de la parcimonie à travers une spécification bivariée épurée afin d’isoler
avec précision la contribution nette du taux d’inflation sur la croissance du PIB.
En mobilisant la méthodologie des modèles autorégressifs à retards échelonnés (ARDL), les
résultats empiriques révèlent une dichotomie structurelle entre le court et le long terme. A court
terme, le modèle valide l’existence d’une relation de cointégration caractérisée par une force de
rappel exceptionnellement vigoureuse, témoignant d’une convergence par oscillations amorties
où les chocs macroéconomiques se résorbent en moins d’un an. De plus, une impulsion
inflationniste immédiate exerce un effet marginal positif et significatif.
A l’inverse, l’équation en niveaux consacre la thèse de la neutralité de la monnaie à long terme, le
coefficient de l’inflation s’avérant statistiquement non significatif. Le faible pouvoir explicatif de
la variable monétaire (R-carré=0,19) indique que la croissance congolaise demeure exogène à
hauteur de 81 %, gouvernée par des facteurs réels et des chocs de termes de l’échange. Face à ces
évidences, nous préconisons l’abandon des politiques de désinflation régressives au profit d’un
ciblage d’inflation flexible et pragmatique situé dans une zone de confort tolérée entre 7 et 12 %.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are multidrug-resistant have appeared. This makes tuberculosis (TB) an even greater threat to global health. The fluoroquinolone antibiotic ofloxacin is an essential second-line therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis because of its capacity to prevent bacterial DNA replication. However, issues with bioavailability, resistance, and the effectiveness of medication administration call for creative treatment approaches. The application of metal nanoparticles like copper (copper nanoparticles) and zinc (zinc nanoparticles) in nanotechnology presents new ways to improve medication transport, targeting, and therapeutic results. These nanoparticles have the potential for regulated medication release, antibacterial action, and special physicochemical characteristics. Biological agents are used in green synthesis techniques to increase biocompatibility and decrease environmental toxicity. Copper nanoparticles have better antibacterial and wound-healing properties, according to comparative analysis, but zinc nanoparticles have better biocompatibility and less cytotoxicity. Additionally, this work evaluates the toxicological and biological consequences of nanoparticle characterization using analytical methods such as ATR-FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy and centrifuge tests. There are a lot of promises for increasing treatment effectiveness, reducing resistance, and developing nanomedicine applications in infectious illnesses, cancer treatment, and diagnostics by combining copper and zinc nanoparticles with traditional tubercular medicines. This study focuses on aiming to improve drug efficacy and reduce toxicity.
: The bibliometric analysis showed that research on OTC medication misuse has increased over the review period, with the highest number of included publications occurring in 2025. Most studies used quantitative methodologies, while mixed method and qualitative studies were less common. Saudi Arabia, India, and Ethiopia were among the most frequently represented countries in the reviewed literature. Common factors associated with unsafe OTC medication use included limited medication knowledge and health literacy, previous successful self-treatment, perceptions of illness severity, difficulties accessing healthcare, cost and time considerations, medicine availability, advice from social networks, and weaknesses in medicine regulation. The review also identified differences in research activity between countries and limitations in the methodological diversity of the existing evidence.
This dissertation explores the Social Impacts of Early Marriages on Girls in Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagascar in a comparative study, with the timeline being 2023-2026. Even though early marriage is a universal problem, the specifics of its appearance in the countries of the Indian Ocean islands are preconditioned by the socio-cultural, economic, and policy peculiarities. The study captures the effect of early marriages on the education, the health, the social mobility, and the empowerment of girls and their communities in general. It combines qualitative interviews and focus group discussions using a mixed methodology with the quantitative data analysis of the three countries. The findings point to similarities, i.e., interruption of schooling, premature maternity, and exposure to poverty, and differences depending on cultural traditions, law, and social security. This study contributes to the current discourse on child protection, gender equality, and sustainable development in the region by placing the knowledge on girls' experiences within the development and gender studies. Community-based interventions and policies, and education to reduce the negative impacts of early marriages and, at the same time resilience and empowerment of the young women are suggested.
Keywords: Early marriages, gender studies, social impacts, Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar, comparative study.
Cet article examine la dynamique des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) sur la période 2020-2024 à la lumière du cadre théorique de la croissance appauvrissante. Alors que les flux d'IDE entrants rebondissent en 2024, l'analyse montre que ce rebond reproduit, sans rompre la configuration structurelle de « croissance biaisée à l'exportation ». L'article examine ensuite le cadre juridique et institutionnel des IDE et met en évidence une bifurcation institutionnelle peu commentée dans la littérature. Les zones économiques spéciales (ZES), instituées par le décret n° 21/18 du 1er avril 2021, sont analysées comme la première tentative institutionnelle systématique depuis l'indépendance de reconstituer, par la voie de l'IDE, le secteur S2 effondré entre 1990 et 2022, constitue le mécanisme interne central de la croissance appauvrissante congolaise. L'article conclut par des recommandations de politique économique articulées autour de la stabilisation du régime fiscal minier, l'accélération conditionnelle du programme des ZES et au développement d'un marché obligataire domestique en dollars.
Security in hyper-connected healthcare networks is a structural prerequisite, not an architectural luxury. The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks alongside the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has transformed healthcare delivery by enabling ultra-reliable, low-latency remote patient monitoring. The same connectivity widens the cyber-attack surface and exposes critical healthcare infrastructure to sophisticated network intrusions. Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) frequently fail in these dynamic environments because of severe class imbalance, high-dimensional telemetry, and sub-optimal manual hyperparameter configuration. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an automated, metaheuristic-driven hybrid intrusion detection framework. The framework combines a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) for spatial feature extraction, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network for temporal sequence tracking, and an attention mechanism that weights critical threat indicators. A Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) wrapper searches the non-convex hyperparameter space, with the aim of reducing manual bias and the risk of convergence to local minima. Evaluated on the WUSTL-HDRL-2024 dataset, the GWO-optimised hybrid framework achieved an accuracy of 99.88%, a balanced accuracy of 99.66%, a macro F1-score of 99.62%, an attack recall of 99.39%, and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.9925. It outperformed the standalone baseline models on nine of the ten evaluation metrics.
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