Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This paper is on the feminist utopia in Rokeya Shakhawat Hossain’s Sultana’s Dream, and it centres around reversal of patriarchal norms and call for reconciliation between sexes in the text. Using a qualitative literary analysis, the paper investigates narrative technique, characterization and dominant themes to decode Hossain’s criticism of male domination and her partiality towards women’s freedom. The analysis suggests that Sultana's Dream depicts a world where women possess the intellectual and social authority to rule without challenging traditional gendered hierarchies. Education, information and enlightened governance are dangled before us as means to social advance and freedom from patriarchal enslavement. The claim here is that Hossain constructs a utopia which serves as critique of South Asian society in the first half of this century and a (proto)feminist blueprint for thought and action. Building on Hossain’s feminist utopia production, this study contributes to an understanding of discourses of gender in Bangladeshi fiction and its reverberations in contemporary social change discourse. Yet, Sultana’s Dream has remained useful for the creative and feminist reader as gender justice (equality), and liberation from male domination makes them consciousness beyond patriarchal system.
The displacement of Somalis over the past three decades constitutes one of the most enduring and complex refugee situations in contemporary international affairs. Following the collapse of the Somali state in 1991, recurrent armed conflict, institutional fragility, human rights violations, environmental degradation, and economic instability have compelled millions to flee their homes. Today, Somali refugees are dispersed across the Horn of Africa, the Middle East, Europe, North America, and other regions, forming a globally distributed yet persistently vulnerable population. This study offers a comprehensive and multidisciplinary examination of Somali refugeehood, approaching it not merely as a legal designation but as a lived and evolving human condition. Drawing on international refugee law, forced migration scholarship, trauma theory, and policy analysis, the research investigates the structural and historical drivers of displacement, patterns of global distribution, and the layered realities of exile. Particular attention is given to the psychosocial consequences of protracted displacement, including complex and intergenerational trauma, identity disruption, and the challenges of belonging in host societies. The analysis further evaluates host-state responses and the broader governance of refugee protection, examining asylum systems, integration frameworks, and the persistent gaps between legal norms and practical implementation. Socio-economic marginalization, discrimination, securitization narratives, and limited access to durable solutions are assessed as interconnected dimensions of vulnerability. At the same time, the study recognizes the resilience, agency, and transnational networks that have enabled Somali refugees to rebuild lives and contribute meaningfully to host communities. By integrating legal, sociological, political, and psychological perspectives, this research advances a holistic analytical framework for understanding Somali refugeehood within the wider debates on global responsibility-sharing and humanitarian governance. It concludes by proposing rights-based, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive policy approaches aimed at strengthening protection mechanisms, promoting inclusive integration, and addressing the structural conditions that sustain protracted displacement. Keywords: Somali refugees; forced displacement; protracted refugee situations; trauma and resilience; international refugee law; migration governance; durable solutions; integration policy; protection gaps; Horn of Africa.
Healthcare systems function as complex adaptive systems characterised by continuous regulatory change, accreditation demands, and increasing clinical complexity. In such environments, traditional command-and-control leadership models are often insufficient to sustain patient safety and nursing performance. This article aims to reconceptualise nurse leadership as a mechanism for enabling safe adaptation rather than controlling change. Using a conceptual analysis of Scopus-indexed literature published between 2020 and 2025, this study integrates complexity science, nursing leadership theory, and patient safety frameworks. The analysis identifies five adaptive leadership roles of nurse leaders: policy translator, sense-maker, adaptive decision-maker, patient safety guardian, and culture builder. These roles support context-sensitive compliance, psychological safety, and organisational learning, particularly during hospital accreditation processes. Reconceptualising nurse leadership in this way offers important implications for nursing practice, leadership development, and healthcare system. Keywords: Nurse Leadership, Complex Adaptive Systems, Patient Safety, Healthcare Accreditation, Adaptive Leadership, Nursing Management.
Perspectives from Generations on Perceptions of the Transition to Adulthood in Ghana were examined among an adolescent (age 15), a young adult (age, 40), and an old adult (age, 79). The central concern was whether these three generations would have distinct ideas about the transition to adulthood. Distinctive events were regarded in all eras as significant indicators of the transition to adulthood. The major factors influencing respondents' views on the transition to adulthood were their personal experiences and the economic conditions they found themselves. The study made use of the Age-Period-Cohort Analysis to explain the changes in adult transitions and form analysis.
Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, has been facing worsening gully erosion in urban areas for several decades. This phenomenon, exacerbated by rapid urbanisation, disorderly occupation of slopes and degradation of natural drainage systems, now poses a significant threat to populations, infrastructure and the environment. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of geophysical, topographic and satellite data in identifying, mapping and analysing areas prone to gully erosion in Kinshasa, in order to improve the prevention of associated disasters. Using data from digital terrain models (DTMs), satellite imagery and spatial analysis via geographic information systems (GIS), a map of areas highly vulnerable to erosion was produced. The results reveal a concentration of gullies on steep slopes, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the city, where sandy formations, deforestation and unregulated urbanisation contribute to soil instability. This geophysical approach not only makes it possible to locate active sites, but also to predict the emergence of new erosion hotspots. The study demonstrates that the integration of geophysical data into urban management is a strategic tool for risk prevention, land use planning and the protection of populations from disasters related to gully erosion in Kinshasa.
The geographic landscape of Barangay Casinglot, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines was reckoned from the lens of their lived experiences using a phenomenological, ethnographical and anecdotal recording. The objectives of the study are to understand how residents lived, interact and adapt their diverse land usage including industrial, commercial, business, agricultural and residential geolocation. And, draw-out implications of these lived experienced through the thematic analysis. Casinglot’s geographic landscape presents a complex interplay of traditional agricultural, expanding industrial zones, growing commercial and business establishments, and increasingly dense residential neighborhoods. The demand of proactive planning and development is at stake due to the environmental concern.
In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to predict the poisson’s ratio and overall cost of chikoko blended concrete mixes based on Scheffe’s simplex lattice design. The overall cost of concrete was obtained based on the unit prices of the component materials. The model, with the aid of the written computer programs, can predict the optimum mix ratios and overall cost value corresponding to any desired value of poisson’s ratio. Both the experimental and the predicted values of poisson’s ratio were found to be almost identical at every point of experimental run. The model was tested for adequacy at 5% level of significance using F-statistic and was found to be adequate. The optimum value of the poisson’s rtio predictable by the model is 0.245 corresponding to mix ratio of 0.611:0.889:0.111:2.16:4.32 (Water:Cement:Chikoko:Sand:Granite) and total cost of N25145.965. This value of the poisson’s ratio falls within the recommended value of 0.20 to 0.30 recommended for concrete (Neville and Brook, 2000) showing that chikoko blended cement concrete is adequate for construction of reinforced concrete beams, columns walls and other structural members.
This paper looks into the cultural meaning, history, characteristics, and the fortunes of Tashe in the Hausa society. Tashe is an indigenous performance art style which is a combination of verbal, rhythmic, humorous and symbolic gesture so as to entertain, educate and strengthen social norms. The study used a qualitative research design with ethnographic orientation; it was based on primary data gathered using oral interviews with the elders, cultural custodians and performers and direct observation of live performances. Historical context and academic opinions were presented through secondary sources such as books, journals and archival sources. The results show that Tashe proved to be a communal activity with strong Hausa social life that played more than one cultural role, including entertainment, spiritual education, socialization, community building, and implicit social commentary. The paper also establishes the reasons of its decline, among which are modernization, urbanization, western education, media influence, religious reform and generational change of preferences. Nonetheless, Tashe has survived in the adaptation to the modern conditions of the school programs, cultural festivals, and digital media which contributes to the stability of this cultural practice as a heritage. The paper finds that although Tashe has undergone great change, its cultural pertinence may be retained by conscious conservation measures, such as the institutional aid, the intergenerational shift as well as the preservation. It has been recommended to incorporate Tashe in school programs, facilitate community involvement and conduct research on regional changes and contemporary adjustments. All in all, the study has contributed to the study of the Hausa cultural practices with special reference to the need to preserve the intangible heritage in light of a social and technological change.
Information is critical to a business's success. In many organizations, information tends to usually flows primarily from the top down, with executives discussing key developments or changes as needed while the barriers preventing employees from speaking up remain less explored. However, information is not unidirectional, and companies can benefit from receiving regular feedback from employees. Over the past decade, hundreds of studies have been published on employee voice and silence, stating thus the importance of Upward communication and how Hearing from employees may help managers avoid losing critical talent and achieve better results by reforming processes. In this paper, I review that body of work, investigating the causes and effects of upward communication barriers,as well as exploring the problems that these dynamics create for companies, employing ideas such as psychological safety, employee voice and power distance with the support of modern case studies and literature, it examines how silence effects morale, performance, and organizational outcomes.
This study investigates the impact of cross-departmental communication on team collaboration and organizational efficiency. Despite widespread recognition of communication's importance in organizational success, empirical research examining these specific relationships remains limited. Through a survey of 200 employees across various organizations, this research explored perceptions of cross-departmental communication quality, team collaboration effectiveness, and organizational efficiency. Results revealed generally positive perceptions of all three constructs, with mean scores above the midpoint of the measurement scale. Regression analyses identified conflict resolution, mutual respect, and aligned goals as significant predictors of team collaboration (p < 0.001), while information clarity and timely responses emerged as significant predictors of communication quality (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that relational and strategic factors are crucial for effective collaboration across departmental boundaries, while the clarity and timeliness of communication are more important than frequency or formal systems. Based on these results, the study offers practical recommendations for improving cross-departmental interactions, including strengthening conflict resolution mechanisms, fostering mutual respect, aligning departmental goals, enhancing information clarity, and improving response timeliness. These insights contribute to our understanding of how organizations can enhance their ability to work effectively across internal boundaries, ultimately improving their efficiency and effectiveness.
Introduction: The primary objective of this dissertation is to understand the challenges facing the DRC in general, and Kasai Oriental in particular, so that they can reach the reconstruction stage, and to propose solutions for a bright future built on solid foundations. Methodology: This dissertation is qualitative. To collect the data for this study, we used direct observation and documentary research. Results: The Democratic Republic of Congo is a country of immense size, possessing all the necessary and potential assets for its reconstruction. However, a problem arises related to resource management, particularly human, economic, and cultural resources. To ensure this approach is persuasive, it is at the cost of terrible sacrifices that a collective endeavor is organized by common agreement, with a single objective. The development of life and civilization is all the more crucial because one mind alone cannot sweep the field; hence, unity is strength, while solitude kills. Indeed, it is imperative to rebuild the Congolese mentality, which consequently stifles development through the application of mafia-like practices at all levels. This must be achieved by providing them with training in civic education and the concept of the common good. Conclusion: The issue of national reconstruction in Congo is an urgent necessity that must be kept in mind by all stakeholders so that it is not a myth but a reality. However, its realization requires the rational awareness and good faith of Congolese politicians, who must base their actions on the constitution, which is the supreme framework and the very measure of all governance Keywords: National reconstruction, National values, Patriotism, Governance, Perspective. RESUME Introduction : cette dissertation a pour objectif primordial de comprendre les défis auxquels la R.D.C en général est confrontée et Kasaï Oriental en particulier afin qu’ils arrivent au stade de reconstruction et d’en proposer les pistes de solutions pour un avenir radieux ayant des fondements solides Méthodologie : cette dissertation se veut qualitative, pour collecter les données relatives à l’étude, nous avons fait recours à la technique d’observation directe et documentaire. Résultats : La République Démocratique du Congo est un pays à la dimension d’éléphant ayant tous les atouts indispensables et susceptibles pour sa reconstruction ;mais il se pose un problème liée à la gestion des ressources notamment : les ressources humaines ;économiques ; culturelles etc. …pour que cette praxis soit persuasive ; car c’est au prix de terribles sacrifices, qu’une entreprise collective s’organise en commun accord, avec unique objectif ; le développement de la vie et de la civilisation d’autant plus qu’un seul brain ne balaye pas la cours d’où l’union fait la force par contre la solitude tue En effet il va falloir impérativement reconstruire la mentalité du congolais qui ; par conséquent asphyxie le développement par l’application des pratiques maffieuses sur tous les plans en leurs donnant des formations sur l’éducation à la citoyenneté et la notion d’intérêt général Conclusion : La problématique de la reconstruction nationale au Congo est une nécessité impérieuse qu’il faut évidemment avoir en esprit par toutes les parties prenantes afin que cela ne soit pas un mythe mais réalité. Cependant sa réalisation requiert la conscience rationnelle et la bonne foi du politique congolais qui doit s’appuyer, dans ses actions, sur la constitution qui est le cadre suprême et la mesure même de toute gouvernance. Mots-clés : Reconstruction nationale, Valeur nationale, patriotisme, Gouvernance, perspective
: This article examines the misinterpretation of François Rabelais’ educational thought in certain pedagogical materials used in the Democratic Republic of Congo, particularly in Mbujimayi. Several textbooks and lecture notes wrongly attribute to Rabelais the defense of the “well-filled head,” understood as the mechanical accumulation of knowledge—a position associated with medieval scholasticism and artificially opposed to Montaigne’s thought. The study aims to critically analyze this conceptual shift in order to contribute to epistemological clarification and to the improvement of educational practices. It draws on documentary, historical, comparative, and discourse analysis, supported by thematic content analysis techniques. The findings reveal the persistence of this misinterpretation in some certified textbooks, lecture notes, and academic discourse. However, an examination of primary sources shows that Rabelais criticized mechanical memorization and instead advocated a humanistic, comprehensive education focused on the development of judgment. The famous formula contrasting the “well-made head” with the “well-filled head” belongs to Montaigne. The study recommends the scientific revision of pedagogical materials and the strengthening of a culture of academic verification. Résumé : Le présent article analyse le détournement de la pensée éducative de François Rabelais dans certains supports pédagogiques en usage en République Démocratique du Congo, notamment à Mbujimayi. Plusieurs manuels et notes de cours lui attribuent à tort la défense de la « tête bien pleine », comprise comme une accumulation mécanique des connaissances, posture héritée de la scolastique médiévale et artificiellement opposée à la pensée de Montaigne. Cette recherche vise à examiner de manière critique ce glissement conceptuel afin de contribuer à une clarification épistémologique et à l’amélioration des pratiques éducatives. L’étude mobilise l’analyse documentaire, historique, comparative et l’analyse de discours, appuyées par une technique d’analyse de contenu thématique. Les résultats révèlent la persistance de cette interprétation erronée dans certains manuels certifiés, notes de cours et discours académiques. Or, l’examen des sources primaires montre que Rabelais a plutôt critiqué la mémorisation mécanique et plaidé pour une formation humaniste, intégrale et orientée vers le développement du jugement. La formule opposant la « tête bien faite » à la « tête bien pleine » appartient à Montaigne. L’étude recommande la révision scientifique des supports pédagogiques et le renforcement de la culture de vérification académique.
Anacardium occidentalis is a popular edible nut with supposedly great nutritional value. The ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts were obtained and their potential antisickling properties were determined. The plant is reported to have anti-fungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Detailed study of the phytochemical parameters and anti-oxidant activity were determined and the Phytochemical tests reveal the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponin, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenolic compounds in ethanol and DCM extract of leaves either in high (+++), moderate (++) and low concentration. The quantities of phytochemical recorded for total phenol and total flavonoid were (0.511 ± 0 mgGAE/g) DCM, (0.182 ± 0.003e-15mgGAE/g) ethanolic extract and (1.3083 ± 0.0591mgQE/g) DCM extract and 1.295 ± (0.001mgQE/g) Ethanolic extract. The antioxidant activity testing showed that the ethanolic extract has higher Nitric Oxide and DPPH scavenging activity over DCM extract and Quercetin. Keywords: Anacardium Occidentale, Anacardiaceae
Security has become a major issue today, transcending national borders on a global scale. However, despite the joint efforts of states and international organizations, insecurity threatens the peace of thousands of citizens and persists in several countries. Terrorist attacks, the proliferation of gruesome images and digital information about massacres committed by armed groups, and tensions related to migration serve as reminders that insecurity is not confined to war zones. This article aims to identify the causes and factors behind the military regime's communication deficit in managing insecurity in the Djugu territory of Ituri province, in eastern DRC, in order to establish the conditions for a peaceful restoration of lasting peace and security. Keywords: deficit, communication, management, insecurity.
In this paper, a regression model is developed to optimize the flexural strength and the corresponding mix ratios of chikoko blended concrete using Scheffe’s statistical theory. The regression model is a multivariate function of the proportion of the component materials. The regression model was coded in a Visual basic 6.0 environment to predict the mix corresponding to any desired value of the flexural strength and vice versa. The observed and the predicted values of flexural strength were found to coincide at every observation point. The model was tested for reliability at 5% level of significance using F-statistic and was found to be adequate. The optimum value of the flexural strength predictable by the model is 4.933N/mm2 corresponding to mix ratio of 0.526:0947:0.053:2.10:4.20 (Water:Cement:Chikoko:Sand:Granite). Keywords: Regression model, Flexural strength, Statistical theory, Multivariate function, Reinforced concrete
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