Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Pneumonia remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for effective treatment. Traditional diagnostic approaches based on chest X-ray interpretation are often limited by radiologist expertise and variability, especially in resource-constrained settings. This study proposes a transfer learning–based ensemble deep learning framework for automated pneumonia detection using pediatric chest X-ray images. Three pre-trained convolutional neural network models—DenseNet121, VGG16, and InceptionV3—were fine-tuned and integrated using a weighted ensemble strategy to enhance classification performance. The models were trained on a dataset of 5,856 chest X-ray images with data augmentation and standardized preprocessing techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed ensemble model achieved a classification accuracy of 96.84%, outperforming individual models and demonstrating strong performance across evaluation metrics, including an AUC of 0.9959 and a Kappa score of 0.9251. The findings highlight the effectiveness of ensemble learning in improving diagnostic accuracy and robustness. This study contributes to the growing field of AI-driven medical diagnostics and presents a scalable solution for supporting clinical decision-making in pneumonia detection.
This study identifies effective strategies that enhances freshness of vegetables in open markets, from Ghanaian Women-led SMEs perspective. The study employs Fleiss Kappa as a statistical tool to assess reliability and validity of the data. The study combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative design is employed to identify the strategies enhancing the freshness of vegetables in the open market, barriers and solutions, while a quantitative tool such as Python is used to calculate Fleiss Kappa to determine the reliability and validity of the data. The finding that Fleiss Kappa, κ≈0.94, indicates almost perfect agreement among raters. This suggests that the coding scheme is highly reliable and consistently applies the same criteria. The study addresses critical issues related to food security, economic empowerment, gender equality, public health, and sustainable development. Strategies identified enhances freshness of vegetables in the open markets, women-led SMEs can adopt these practices to reduce spoilage, extend shelf life, and improve quality of produce. Originality lies in the novel application of Fleiss' Kappa to assess inter-rater reliability in a gendered, informal market context, bridging qualitative insights with quantitative rigor. This methodological innovation strengthens the credibility of findings, positioning informal markets as critical hubs of frugal and sustainable innovation.
The present study aimed to analyze the bioactive constituents of the leaf of Parinari curatellifolia. The methanol leaf extracts of the plant were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The functional groups of the isolated compounds were analyzed using a Bruker Alpha FTIR instrument (Software Opus 6.5). The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic leaf extract of Parinari curatellifolia was performed on a Hewlett-Packard GC–MS system (GC 5890 series II; MSD 5971A) and interpreted using the mass spectrum database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The FTIR absorption spectrum of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Parinari curatellifolia exhibited absorptions at 1058.21, 1203.39, 1365.71, 1450.73, 1621.00, 1741.42, 2350.59, 2867.26, 2931.21, 3429.32, and 3794.38 cm-1. The characteristic peaks suggest the presence of Aliphatic ether, Alkyl aryl ether, Sulphonamide, Methylene, Conjugated alkenes, Esters, Carbon dioxide, Alkanes, amine salts, and Alcohol groups, respectively. The GC-MS profile of the methanolic leaf extract of Parinari curatellifolia showed the presence of 16-Methyloxacyclohexadeca-3,5-dien 2-one; E, E-10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate; Tricosanoic acid, methyl ester; 1H Imidazole-2-methanol. 1-decyl; 3-Benzo [g] quinoxallin-2yl propanoic acid; 2-Ethylacridine; 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; E-8-Methyl-9-tetradece-1-ol acetate; 2,4-dimethyl Benzo (h) quinoline. This reveals that the plant is highly valuable in medicinal usage for the treatment of various human ailments.
This study developed and validated the Filipino Teacher Work Values Scale (FTWVS) using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. It established a contextually grounded, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring Filipino teachers’ work values. Seven core themes emerged from the in-depth interviews and FGDs with public and private school teachers in Region X: malasakit, integrity and fairness; responsibility and commitment to the profession; patience and emotional self-regulation; respect and pakikipagkapwa; bayanihan, collaboration, and the perception of teaching as a vocation or service. These were the basis for the initial 35-item checklist. EFA reduced the initial item pool to a 29-item, fourfactor solution grouped into: (1) compassion, integrity, and fairness; (2) responsibility and professional commitment; (3) patience, emotional selfregulation, and respect; and (4) pakikipagkapwa, bayanihan, and collaboration. CFA further refined the model and retained 15 items in the final scale. The factors were conceptually relabeled as relational professionalism, pedagogical commitment, regulated professional stewardship, and communal solidarity, based on their shared characteristics. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients across dimensions range from 0.82 to 0.87, indicating good internal consistency. The findings confirmed the contextual grounding, validity, and reliability of the FTWVS. Educational institutions may use this scale for research, development programs, and internal evaluations to strengthen understanding of teachers’ work values and cultivate values-based professional practice.
Keywords: Filipino Teacher Work Values Scale, work values, Filipino teachers, scale development, instrument validation, exploratory sequential design
Mariel V. Alvarez, Michael Jarvin L. Mejorado, Princess Dianne L. Garay, Cedric B. Galang, Jezeal G. Monsanto, Kristel Shane E. De Roxas, Renalyn P. Coralde, Princess C. Pacpac
This study investigates the effect of teachers’ community orientation on the
development of mobility skills in visually impaired children. Assessing the relationship
between community orientation and mobility skills, investigating the significance of
community participation, and proposing successful techniques for incorporating community
resources into instruction are among the goals. The study, which was conducted in Placido Del
Mundo Elementary School, included 50 primary teachers that caters visually impaired children.
A quantitative method was used, utilizing survey questionnaires. The findings indicate a
positive relationship between community orientation and mobility skills. It also emphasize the
significance of a community-based strategy in improving the mobility abilities of visually
impaired youngsters. Emphasizing community engagement in teacher education programs and developing techniques for incorporating community resources into teaching practices are
among the recommendations.
Nigeria’s digital transformation is at a crossroads. While individual ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs) have made strides in digitization, the public sector remains a collection of "digital islands."
This white paper outlines a strategic conceptual model to bridge these gaps in consideration of the Nigeria e-Government Interoperability Framework (Ne-GIF) and the emerging Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). The goal is to move from fragmented portals in silos to a "Whole-of-Government" or “Single Window” approach that lowers costs, increases efficiency and improves overall citizens’ experience. It x-rays Estonia’s X-Road® architecture and comparatively analyses some popular data exchange & interoperability architectures.
This study examines the influence of parental presence on the attention span of daycare learners during structured learning activities. Specifically, it compares children’s focus, independence, and engagement when parents are present versus absent. The study involved 30 children aged 4–5 years enrolled in a daycare center. A descriptive observational research design was used, and data were collected through a structured observation checklist focusing on key behavioral indicators such as focus maintenance, instruction-following, and prompting frequency. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean scores and percentages. Findings revealed that children demonstrated higher levels of attention, independence, and on-task behavior when parents were not present. In contrast, parental presence was associated with increased dependency and reduced engagement. The results suggest that limiting parental presence during structured activities may support the development of sustained attention and self-regulation among young learners. The study provides practical insights for educators and parents in improving early childhood learning environments.
This study explores the positioning and decision context of elite referees in the Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) under the IFAB 2025 Laws of the Game, where special attention is given to psychomotor awareness and movement synchronisation during match play. Based on the qualitative photographic data captured from live NPFL matches, the study focuses on body orientation, spatial positioning, proximity to play, and coordinated movement of the referees relative to the situation when critical officiating takes place. Interpretation of the positioning of referees and addressing as well as responding to visual and spatial challenges on dynamic aspects of play was done through a qualitative observational analysis guided by IFAB regulations and the FIFA Referee Education Development (RED) framework.
The analysis shows that spatial coverage, clear vision, and contextual knowledge of officiating decisions are enhanced through proper positioning and anticipatory movement in all those situations where it is essential to judge whether the situation is a penalty area incident, an offside decision, or a set play. On the contrary, poor positioning was linked to limited sight lines, high chances of interference with the play, and uncertainty of decisions. The results put into focus the primary status of positioning as an enabling contextual factor of accurate officiating verdicts instead of a direct indicator of decision quality. The research highlights the role of formal psychomotor and movement-based training in referee development programmes and provides best practices in enhancing the standards of referee performance in the Nigerian professional football. Keywords: Decision contexts, elite referees, movement synchronisation, Nigeria Premier Football League, psychomotor awareness, spatial orientation.
Engineering projects routinely generate large volumes of highly technical data that must be communicated to stakeholders including clients, investors, regulators, community representatives, and board-level executives who lack the specialised background to interpret conventional engineering reports and data formats. The failure to bridge this communication gap carries significant practical consequences, including uninformed decision-making, reduced stakeholder confidence, project delays, and regulatory non-compliance. Infographic design, understood as the deliberate visual organisation of data, text, and imagery to produce clear and accessible representations of complex information, has emerged as one of the most promising instruments for addressing this challenge. This article provides a comprehensive theoretical and empirical examination of infographic design as a communication tool for engineering data, analysing the cognitive foundations of visual information processing, the design principles most relevant to engineering communication contexts, the specific challenges posed by different categories of engineering data, and the practical frameworks through which engineering communicators can develop effective infographic strategies. Drawing on cognitive load theory, dual coding theory, information design scholarship, and empirical research on stakeholder comprehension, the article argues that well-designed infographics are not merely aesthetic supplements to technical communication but structurally superior instruments for non-technical comprehension of complex engineering data. A five-stage design framework is proposed and evaluated, and practical guidelines are offered for engineering practitioners engaged in stakeholder communication.
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the paradigm shift in industrial production, transitioning from Industry 4.0’s digital efficiency to human-centric, sustainable, and resilient models (Industry 5.0), and toward the prospects of Industry 6.0. The paper investigates the role of Generative AI, Agentic AI, and Digital Twins in achieving "Net-Zero" goals. Based on a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature for 2025, the study finds that integrating these technologies reduces waste by 24% and enhances energy efficiency by 30-65% through a "Technology Convergence Framework." The research proposes a strategic roadmap for operations managers to ensure compliance with strict global regulations, such as the EU Clean Industrial Deal and Saudi Vision 2030.
Pregnancy complications remain a major public health challenge in South and Southeast Asia, where socioeconomic disparities, cultural norms, and nutritional deficiencies continue to affect maternal well-being. This qualitative study explored how nutrition and lifestyle behaviors influence pregnancy outcomes and what barriers prevent women from adopting healthier practices. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted four with pregnant or postpartum women and four with healthcare providers using purposive sampling across urban and rural settings in Pakistan. Thematic analysis revealed poor diet diversity, limited physical activity, and cultural food taboos as major contributors to adverse outcomes, compounded by poverty and weak health system support. Participants emphasized the need for culturally tailored nutrition education, free supplement programs, and stronger community-based interventions. The findings highlight that improving maternal nutrition and lifestyle through multi-level, culturally sensitive strategies can reduce preventable pregnancy complications and strengthen public health outcomes in Pakistan.
This research examined the effectiveness of integrating gamification into kindergarten mathematics instruction at San Antonio De Padua Catholic School. The study aimed to determine the levels of learners’ motivation and engagement before and after the imple-mentation of gamified lessons during one academic quarter. Using a descriptive quantitative design, the researcher administered a validated, researcher-made pretest and posttest survey containing ten child-friendly items answered through happy and sad face symbols. Twenty-two(22) kindergarten learners participated through purposive sampling. Pretest findings revealed low motivation and engagement, particularly in counting objects, joining math activities, and expressing confidence during lessons. After introducing gamified instructional strategies, such as interactive games, rewards, and playful learning tasks, posttest results showed substantial improvements across all indicators. Learners demonstrated heightened enjoyment, increased participation, and stronger attentive-ness in mathematics activities. The overall results indicate that gamification is an effective approach for making mathematics more engaging, interactive, and developmentally appropriate for young children. The study recommends continued use of gamified instruc-tional strategies, expanded teacher training, and application of gamification in other learning areas to support holistic learner devel-opment.
This study examines the impact of palm oil production on the income of agricultural households in the Bulungu territory, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In this rural area, agriculture remains the main source of livelihood, and the palm oil sector plays a significant economic role despite its predominantly artisanal nature.
The main objective of the research is to assess whether palm oil production contributes to improving household income. To achieve this, a survey was conducted among 384 households, including both producers and non-producers. The analysis is based on statistical and econometric methods, including the Mann-Whitney test, Probit model, and Propensity Score Matching (PSM).
The results reveal a significant income difference between producing and non-producing households, with producers earning higher average incomes. Econometric findings confirm that palm oil production has a positive and significant effect on household income. This activity therefore represents an important source of income diversification and poverty reduction.
However, several constraints limit the sector’s potential, including low mechanization, inadequate infrastructure, limited access to markets and credit, and price volatility. Despite these challenges, palm oil production contributes to improving household welfare, particularly in terms of food security, education, and healthcare.
Malaria is a life threatening illness that affect millions of people all over the world even though significant effort have been implemented with the use of Insecticide treated net, the disease remains chronic, however we formulated the model using the basic reproduction number and it was found that the basic reproduction number is less than 1, the disease free equilibrium and the Endemic Equilibrium of the disease were carried out. The dynamics of the model is also invested numerically using published data. Results suggest that the vaccination can be effective in wiping malaria, Specifically, it indicates that with vaccination, malaria eradication efforts could see a substantial boost, potentially leading to significant reductions in cases and deaths.
This article aims to analyze the communication strategies of the state of siege regime in the restoration of state authority and the re-establishment of peace and security in the Djugu territory, Ituri Province. Drawing on the actantial approach and a questionnaire-based survey technique, the results of this study demonstrate that the communication strategies of the Ituri state of siege regime face several challenges regarding certain local socio-cultural issues and dynamics. Although it regularly organizes frameworks for exchange and dialogue with local communities, it fails to reach all social strata involved in the conflict and other relevant stakeholders. Consequently, the communication practices of the state of siege regime do not succeed as they should in unifying the communities affected by the conflict or in integrating their views and considerations into the management and restoration of sustainable peace in the Djugu territory.
Thus, the objective of this article is to identify the causes of the ineffectiveness of the Ituri state of siege regime's communication strategies, as well as the factors influencing the implementation of these strategies in the quest to restore security in Djugu. This is done to suggest potential solutions that could revitalize existing strategies to favor the achievement of the state of siege's objectives: rapidly improving civilian protection, neutralizing armed groups, and restoring state authority.
Mots clés : Communication policy, Security management, state of siege.
Communication serves as a strategic tool that links the various state agencies involved in land acquisition and tenure security. It enables the coordination of actions, prevents jurisdictional overlaps, and strengthens citizen trust. However, the Land Affairs Department faces difficulties in managing and securing land. Its communication remains insufficient to meet the population's expectations. The messages disseminated are often judged to be too technical, inaccessible, and sometimes contradictory to local customary realities.
Therefore, this article aims to analyze the communication challenges of the Land Affairs Department regarding land management and security in the Ituri Province, Eastern DRC, in order to propose solutions for improving land service communication in land tenure security within the city of Bunia.
Keywords: public communication, land tenure security
cremental delivery is a key component of software Projects, it allows us to deliver the most valuable elements of a system first, which allows our customers to start getting benefit from the system earlier, this can have a significant impact on time, cost, quality and project management. It helps both of the contractors and the owner's representatives to symplify the initial handover processes when an iterative work is repeated when an incrementally delivery occurs. The incremental build model is a method of software development where the product is designed, implemented and tested incrementally (a little more is added each time) until the product is finished. It involves both development and maintenance, the product is defined as finished when it satisfies all of its requirements .this model combines the elements of waterfall model with the iterative philosophy of prototyping. Phased construction method can deal with projects such as housing ,infrastructure and roads when each step, phase and stage can be delivered separately and give profits and benefits to some people ,companies or foundations even when the other steps, phases or stages can be done later (planned or not).
Then incremental delivery process is different from phased construction delivery method, which integration process is mandatory and important to reach the project objectives and deliverables. The difference here is in planning phase , when you plan to deliver a certain and a defined objective which can give you something (profit or benefit ) and then with integration process you can continue to accomplish the remain objectives incrementally with the same way to reach finally the project objectives and goals ,then an iterative work will take place every delivery stage and a repeated process for initial handover even a final acceptance certificate can be done with an ease of use saving time, effort, cost and conflicts specially in the documentation domain.
Incremental delivery process affect positively both of initial handover delivery and final acceptance certificate of the projects for all included parties and give a new approach to deliver projects deliverables incrementally which can get customer satisfaction and improve the projects quality in both implementation phase and closure phase.
Introduction: Economic performance of hospitals is a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries. In Mali, the University Hospital of Point G (CHU-PG) has been experiencing persistent underperformance, largely due to a deteriorated social climate marked by recurrent union conflicts. This study aimed to analyze the impact of social dialogue on the hospital’s economic performance.
Methodology : A mixed-methods case study was conducted between 2019 and 2022 at CHU-PG. The quantitative phase included 70 hospital staff surveyed through structured questionnaires, while the qualitative phase involved 23 key stakeholders interviewed via semi-structured interviews. Hospital financial records and reports from the National Agency for Hospital Evaluation (ANEH) were analyzed. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results : Most staff (61.4%) perceived the social climate as poor, mainly due to mistrust between management and unions (74.3%) and internal conflicts (68.6%). Between 2019 and 2022, the hospital recorded an average of 8 strike weeks per year, leading to estimated losses of 56 million CFA francs annually. The self-financing rate remained low (9.62% in 2021). A significant correlation was found between deteriorated social climate and reduced economic performance.
Conclusion : The absence of a structured social dialogue contributes to the economic fragility of CHU-PG. Strengthening institutionalized mechanisms of negotiation and consultation is essential to improve both economic and organizational performance in Malian hospitals.
Keywords: Social dialogue; Economic performance; Hospital strikes; Governance; Mali.
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