Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
In this study, a natural soap with antibacterial properties was produced by using waste obtained from the Jujuba (Ziziphus Jujuba) fruit, and the effect of this soap on different bacterial species was investigated. In the study, Ziziphus Jujuba extract, which are normally considered waste after food consumption, were used by adopting an upcycling approach. In this way, it was aimed to obtain an environmentally friendly product with high added value. The produced soap was prepared without synthetic antibacterial agents and heavy chemical additives. In this respect, it offers a natural alternative to commercial antibacterial soaps. The antibacterial activity of the soap was tested on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus Hirae bacteria. The results showed that the soap was effective against different bacterial species. This study demonstrates that plant-based waste materials can be transformed into valuable products through sustainable production approaches. At the same time, the findings suggest that natural antibacterial soaps can contribute to both environmental sustainability and human health.
Abstract
Mathematics entered physics as a tool but little by little by little traransformed to be the master.
In the sense that most people believe that mathematics can generate new physics when the opposite is true.
The author proposes a reformulation of classical and quantum physics and mathematics using the statistical matrix B in bounded statistical systems and new mathematical frameworks to discover hidden laws in classical and quantum physics as well as in mathematics and statistics.
1. How can the quantum energy density be reformulated as a suitable curvature tensor/matrix C(x,y,z,t) in a closed control volume bounded by appropriate Dirichlet boundary conditions?
2. Then, similarly, determine the corresponding 4D unit spacetime tensor/matrix C(x,y,z,t) for the same configuration.
3. Apply the golden rule of spacetime curvature (sometimes called Abbas's rule):
Energy density tensor U(x,y,z,t) × Spacetime curvature tensor C(x,y,z,t) = I . . . . (1)
OR:
U(x,y,z,t) × C(x,y,z,t) = I . . . . (1)
The miracle of Equation 1 lies in its generality, that is, its application to all types of energy density U(x,y,z,t) in the most general case (electromagnetic energy density, quantum energy density, gravitational energy density, etc.), thus unifying all theories of energy density, such as quantum mechanics and general relativity, into a single theory.
This is the subject of this article
Energy density matrix such as gravitational energy density, EMF energy density , sound intensity energy density, etc. . and then find the corresponding energy density tensor for Curved Space Describes how a quantum system evolves when spacetime itself is curved by gravity.
In previous seven articles entitled How to Generate New Mathematics-Parts I, II , III, IV, Can we think outside the box , How to Merge Quantum mechanics in General Relativity and New Physics and Quantum Mechanics-Part I, we discussed how to apply the statistical theory of Cairo techniques to generate new laws and rules in most fields of classical and quantum physics, statistics, and pure mathematics.
In this article entitled New Physics and Quantum Mechanics – Part II, we use the same techniques to examine the Schrödinger equation in particular and the subject of quantum mechanics as a whole, which is in fact currently poorly defined, or even imperfectly defined.
The statistical matrix mechanics is our choice.
Statistical transition matrix mechanics is not a new discovery, but we assume it is one of the best ways to represent nature in our universe.
Today, we know of only two types of statistical transition matrices: the Markov matrix and the statistical B matrix, the latter being clearly superior.
It should be noted that the Heisenberg quantum transfer matrix is neither a transition matrix nor a statistical matrix.
We assume that the statistical transition chain B, which combines almost all the universal laws of physics such as the continuity of total energy, the thermodynamic laws, the Pythagoras' theorem and Einstein's curvature, among others, is the only valid one.
Let us also logically assume that any attempt to generate equivalent statistical transition mechanisms is doomed to failure.
Preliminary conclusion’s
It is not yet possible to derive the Schrödinger equation and Einstein's field equations from a single, accepted theory. The current state of the art involves a two-way bridge: one direction extends quantum mechanics to operate on the curved spacetimes predicted by GR, and the other seeks a deeper principle from which both emerge.
The unifying theme across all these efforts is geometry. Einstein taught us that gravity is geometry. Quantum mechanics, with its wave functions and operators, may be waiting to be reinterpreted in a similar, deeply geometric language, finally revealing the profound and hidden connection between these two pillars of modern physics.
1. What is the grave error in Schrödinger's partial differential equation?
2. Is it true that Einstein and Schrödinger did not understand the Pythagorean theorem?
3. Can it be shown that Schrödinger's equation and Einstein's general relativity belong to the same theory?
4. Is it true that Fourier theory is contained in chains of B matrices?
5. Is it true that Einstein's curvature tensor is useless and does not represent the curvature of spacetime?
6. Can a new Schrödinger equation for physics be derived that would be invariant under relativistic transformations?
In this article, , we study and analyze the above six important and urgent questions that arise:
These questions and answers are part of the new physics, which we call, for the sake of distinction, Abbas's new physics.
It is important to note that the fundamental concept of Abbas's new physics for describing the nature of our universe rests on the application of a new four-dimensional unified space x-t, where time t is defined by four interlaced axes, perpendicular to the three geometric axes x, y, and z. Contrary to what was envisioned in the last century, time t is not a separate element, controlled from outside the system.
It should also be emphasized that this is the first time that time t has been properly defined and integrated into the four-dimensional unified space x-t.
For example, did Einstein claim that time was an illusion and did not exist?
Thanks to the rigorous statistical theory of the B-matrix series, derived from the Cairo techniques, the answer to the six preceding questions is yes. Furthermore, new rules and theories have been developed.
Finally, it should be clarified that this article is not intended to minimize the major contributions of great physicists and mathematicians such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert, and Riemann, among others, but rather to address the main slips and limitations of their theories, where applicable.
Note: If you are not familiar with the universal laws of physics, please stop reading.
This article is not intended for you.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), driven by social, cultural, commercial, and structural determinants that extend beyond individual behaviour and the reach of health systems. Despite sustained technical guidance and investment, progress in reducing NCD risk has been uneven, underscoring the limits of pre-dominantly biomedical and state-centred prevention models. There is growing consensus that effective and sustainable NCD responses in the Pacific require people-centred, culturally grounded, and whole-of-society approaches that engage trusted community institutions and reflect Pacific worldviews.
Faith-based organisations (FBOs) are among the most influential and socially embedded institutions across Pacific societies. Churches and faith networks shape social norms, leadership, and collective action, and maintain extensive reach into remote and underserved communities. How-ever, despite this central role, FBOs remain under-recognised within NCD policy, financing, and governance frameworks, often engaged sporad-ically as delivery channels rather than strategic partners.
This perspective paper argues that strengthening formal partnerships with FBOs represents both a pragmatic and epistemological shift neces-sary for advancing NCD prevention in PICTs. Drawing on regional experience, Pacific Indigenous scholarship, and civil society literature, it posi-tions FBOs as governance actors whose legitimacy derives from long-standing community relationships, volunteerism, and moral authority. It highlights their unique contributions to culturally resonant health promotion, sustained behaviour change, outreach to excluded populations, and advocacy that shapes enabling environments.
Aligned with the 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent, the paper recommends: formal recognition of FBOs as NCD governance partners; funding reforms to support long-term, locally led faith–health partnerships; and clear partnership principles that safeguard equity, inclusion, pluralism, and rights-based approaches.
This study explored the influence of cashless transactions on spending behavior in Cotabato City, Philippines. The research examined the perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, and advantages of cashless transactions, along with their impact on social influence, socioeconomic status, transaction efficiency, and cultural norms related to spending behavior. The utilized quantitative research design, data was collected through a structured survey questionnaire distributed to residents of Cotabato City. The study aimed to provide valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers into the adoption and impact of cashless transactions on spending behavior in Cotabato City. The findings of this study is expected to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on cashless transactions and spending behavior, particularly in the context of a developing city like Cotabato.
_______________________________________________________________________
Keywords: cashless transaction, spending behavior, perceive usefulness, perceive security, cultural norms
The Multiverse hypothesis has been proposed as a naturalistic solution to the problem of cosmic fine-tuning, suggesting that our universe is merely one of a vast number of randomly generated universes. This paper subjects this hypothesis to a rigorous quantitative test using the Cumulative Probabilistic Exclusion (CPE) framework.
Roger Penrose calculated the probability of our universe arising by chance at 1/1010¹²³ — a number so remote it defies all conventional probabilistic reasoning. We ask a simple but devastating question: how many universes must the Multiverse contain to make our universe probable by cumulative probability?
The answer is N = 1010¹²³ universes. We compare this against String Theory’s upper limit of 10500 universes (Figure 1), demonstrate that the gap is transfinitely unbridgeable, expose an irresolvable infinite regress (Figure 2), and apply the CPE framework to eliminate the Multiverse philosophically (Figure 3). We conclude that purposeful creation remains the only non-regressive explanation.
This study aimed to determine the biological effects of extracts derived from hazelnut shells and onion skins on breast cancer cells. Currently, large quantities of plant-based shell wastes generated by the food industry are often discarded without further utilization. This project treats these shells not only as waste materials but also as natural resources with significant biological value. The study introduces an innovative perspective by integrating the upcycling approach, which enables the reutilization of plant wastes, with biomedical research. Onion skins are a rich source of the flavonoid quercetin, while hazelnut shells contain gallic acid, tannic acid, and other phenolic compounds. The strong antioxidant properties of both materials underscore the scientific significance of investigating their potential effects on cancer cells. In this study, plant shells were dried under controlled conditions, ground, and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using an appropriate solvent. The purified extracts were prepared at various concentrations and applied to breast cancer cell cultures. Cell viability was evaluated spectrophotometrically, and morphological changes were examined through microscopic observations. The results demonstrated that the extracts reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, slowed proliferation, and induced alterations in cell morphology. These findings support the potential anticancer properties of plant waste-derived extracts. Additionally, the high free radical scavenging capacity of these natural extracts suggests that they may induce biological responses in cancer cells through suppression of oxidative stress. By integrating an upcycling approach that supports environmental sustainability with the biomedical potential of natural compounds, this study contributes significantly to the literature. It demonstrates that plant wastes can be transformed into high value-added materials in scientific research, thereby enhancing environmental awareness and establishing a scientific basis for the future use of natural anticancer compounds as supportive therapeutic agents.
Modern lifestyle, less activity and more sedentary life have contributed to anthropometric risk factors to hypertension among young adults globally. The study had sought to establish the effects of anthropometric risk factors on the on pre-hypertension among young adults (18-24 years) at a Medical Training College in, Nairobi, Kenya. The study used descriptive cross-sectional study that provided a "snapshot" of the prevalence and characteristics associated with a condition in a population at a specified time, the study targeted 5000 young adult students aged 18 -24 years at a Medical Training College in, Nairobi, Kenya. Through stratified random sampling the study selected 407 respondents with data collected through structured questionnaires. The respondents BP Measurement and Random Blood Sugar Testing were assessed using a standardized protocol and guidelines. Descriptive statistical analytics presented data results in form of mean, frequencies, percentages and standard deviation while inferential statistical analysis comprised of Pearson Correlation and Multi-Linear Regression. Results indicated that BMI, waist circumference for both male and female young adult students had an effect on whether the young adult’ students had prehypertension conditions or not, however Hip Circumference and Waist to Hip Ratio did not significantly affect prehypertension among male young adult students aged between 18-24 years. The study recommended that there is a need to screen young adults for prehypertension and hypertension, which include BMI and waist circumference measurement routinely as part of preplacement medical examination as they join institution of tertiary learning or employment so that cases can be detected early and managed
This study examined the contribution of proverbs in building, promoting, and sustaining the moral values of African philosophy. A literature-review methodology was used to collect and analyze primary data from books, articles, and various Swahili literary texts. In the data analysis, the theory of Conceptual Metaphor (the Main Chain Theory of Metaphor) was employed to examine how proverbs carry implied meanings and convey values through imagery and environmental relations. The study’s findings show that proverbs make a significant contribution to reinforcing honesty, truthfulness, responsibility, solidarity, and respect in society. It was also found that proverbs are an important instrument for preserving the history and culture of African communities by transmitting wisdom from one generation to another. Proverbs further stimulate deep reflection and help people make wise decisions in everyday life. This paper recommends that proverbs continue to be taught in schools and used in child-rearing to nurture African ethical values. Communities should also be encouraged to preserve and use proverbs as a means of sustaining African culture and philosophy for future generations.
In this study, it was aimed to develop an environmentally friendly and low-cost solution for the removal of heavy metal ions from water, which constitute a critical issue in terms of environmental pollution. For this purpose, a chitosan–silica composite adsorbent material was prepared using chitosan, a biodegradable biopolymer, and silica derived from wheat-based agricultural waste. In the study, the adsorption performance of this composite material in removing heavy metal ions such as Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Cd²⁺ was investigated. The performance of the produced silica gel and chitosan–silica composites was evaluated both observationally and experimentally by comparison with control solutions. In addition, the structural characteristics and functional groups of the obtained material were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The findings revealed that the chitosan–silica composite exhibited higher adsorption efficiency in the removal of heavy metal ions compared to silica gel used alone. These results demonstrate that agricultural wastes can be valorized for environmental applications and that the developed composite can serve as a sustainable and effective solution for water and wastewater treatment.
This study explores the legal, socio-political, and developmental dimensions of ancestral domain recognition among Non-Moro Indigenous Peoples (NMIPs) in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). It examines how overlapping frameworks—the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997 and the Bangsamoro Indigenous Peoples’ Act (BIPA) of 2024—shape governance processes and community experiences. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, the study synthesizes existing research, policy documents, and institutional reports to analyze issues related to land claims, social cohesion, and development.
Findings reveal that the transition from national to regional governance has resulted in jurisdictional ambiguities and administrative delays, creating a condition of “legal limbo” in ancestral domain recognition. These challenges weaken land tenure security and heighten tensions among Indigenous, Moro, and settler communities, particularly in areas with overlapping claims. Unresolved land issues are also linked to limited access to services, economic marginalization, and increased vulnerability to conflict and displacement.
The study highlights the importance of conflict-sensitive approaches, restorative justice, and hybrid governance systems that integrate customary and formal mechanisms. It concludes that effective ancestral domain recognition requires institutional coordination, culturally grounded governance, and inclusive peacebuilding strategies.
This note presents two original and creative divisibility tests for the integers 2
and 5. Both rules use the factorial of the last digit of a number, combined with
a small correction when the factorial value would disrupt the required modular
congruence. The resulting tests are mathematically equivalent to the classical last-
digit rules but reach the same conclusion through an unconventional factorial-based
approach. Each theorem includes a short proof sketch, an explanation of the mech-
anism, and four worked examples. The methods are valid precisely because 2 and 5
divide the base 10, allowing the last digit to fully determine the remainder modulo
these divisors. The work is intended as an accessible piece of recreational number
theory for educational purposes.
In the context of administrative reform and public service modernization, the digitization of human resources (HR) has emerged as a strategic tool for organizational transformation. This quantitative study, performed among 219 staff members of the Human Resources Directorate (HRD) at the Ministry of Agriculture, intends to analyze the influence of HR digitization on performance as seen by public workers. Based on a structured questionnaire cov-ering several dimensions—administrative efficiency, information accessibility, HR service quality, and internal user satisfaction the results show that digitization generally improves perceived performance, particularly in terms of the speed, transparency, and reliability of procedures.
Nevertheless, certain restrictions continue, connected to training, the acceptance of digital technologies, and the modification of systems. This research contributes to the literature on digital transformation in the public sector and suggests options for increasing digital administration of human resources in Morocco
No papers found matching your search. Try a different keyword.
Published papers are indexed in
Submissions Open
See Your Research in the Next Edition
Join thousands of researchers published in GSJ. Submit your manuscript — peer review in 1–3 days, open access publication, EOI assignment, and global indexing across 150+ countries.
