Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This paper presents an integrated analysis of Identity and Access Management (IAM) across multiple sectors in Cape Verde, including pub-lic administration, military systems, healthcare, energy infrastructure, and enterprise environments. The study identifies IAM as a common foundational component supporting secure digital transformation. By comparing six case studies, the research highlights the application of different access control models such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), Policy-Based Access Control (PBAC), Identity Federation, and Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA). The findings reveal that while each sector adopts IAM according to its operational requirements, there is a clear trend toward hybrid models that combine flexibility, scalability, and security. The paper con-cludes that interoperability, compliance with international standards, and adaptive security architectures are critical for the evolution of IAM systems in developing digital ecosystems.
This study examined the effect of sustainable entrepreneurship practices on the business performance of sari-sari stores in Poblacion, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental. Guided by the Triple Bottom Line Theory, the research focused on three key dimensions of sustainability: economic sustainability, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship, and how these contribute to business growth, customer satisfaction, and market competitiveness. The study employed a quantitative research design, using a structured survey questionnaire administered to 55 sari-sari store owners and 275 customers, resulting in a total of 330 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that most store owners began their businesses with minimal capital and relied primarily on loans as a source of financial support. Additionally, the majority of businesses had been operating for three to five years within the Poblacion area. The results showed that respondents positively evaluated sustainable entrepreneurship practices and perceived them as significantly influencing business operations and overall performance. The study further revealed that businesses adopting sustainable practices experienced improved operational efficiency, stronger customer retention, enhanced competitiveness, and greater overall enterprise development. The findings underscore the importance of integrating sustainable entrepreneurship practices to achieve long-term business success and resilience. Consequently, the study recommends that business owners, educational institutions, and policymakers strengthen sustainability initiatives and programs that can support small businesses in becoming more competitive, adaptive, and sustainable in the long run.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated ChatGPT's influence on the vocabulary skills, size and depth, of
100 Senior High School students at Southern de Oro Philippines College, assessing
educational and personal usage. Using correlational and causal designs, a researcher-
made questionnaire and an adapted Phil.IRI test were administered. Data were analyzed
using Mean, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression. Findings revealed
Moderately High overall usage, driven by High educational use but Undecided personal
use. Students had Good vocabulary size but Fair depth. Regression analysis showed
personal use negatively influenced both vocabulary size and depth. Educational use
positively influenced vocabulary depth but had no significant effect on size. The study
concluded that students use ChatGPT as a formal academic tool. Its impact is context-
dependent: educational use can promote depth, while personal use may hinder
vocabulary development due to overreliance. Recommendations include guided
integration by educators to build vocabulary depth and monitoring personal use.
Keywords: Vocabulary Skills, Vocabulary Size, Vocabulary Depth, Educational
Usage, Personal Usage
The construction of a minimal cell seeks to determine the lowest number of genetic and biochemical components required to support life-like behavior. This study analyzes design strategies for synthesizing a functional minimal cell capable of metabolism, gene expression, and membrane regulation. Lipid‐based Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) are employed to model cellular boundaries due to their structural similarity to natural membranes and their ability to encapsulate biochemical systems. Essential genes are selected using database-guided genome minimization and assembled through cell-free protein synthesis. Ribosome-dependent transcription–translation systems enable controlled expression of minimal gene sets without requiring a living host. The results identify four indispensable modules: energy generation (ATP supply), genetic information processing (transcription/translation), membrane transport, and waste management. When integrated, these components support protein synthesis within vesicles, demonstrating life-like metabolic activity. This analysis indicates that a modular “build-from-core-functions” approach can successfully mimic essential cellular behavior, offering insight into both the origins of cellular life and potential applications in synthetic biology and biomanufacturing. make this better tweak it around a little bit with more information abt this topic but don't make it long. just add a sentence or 2 and rework on the original para i sent as u like
A minimal cell is constructed by systematically identifying the lowest number of genetic and biochemical elements required for life-like behavior. This study refines strategies for designing such cells by integrating additional insights—highlighting that membrane protein insertion and lipid composition are major technical bottlenecks. Lipid-based Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) serve as cellular boundaries in these models, allowing the encapsulation of enzyme networks and gene circuits with structural fidelity to living cells.
Essential genes are chosen through database-guided minimization and assembled with cell-free protein synthesis, using ribosome-dependent transcription–translation modules to express minimal gene sets without a host organism. The design identifies four indispensable modules—energy generation, genetic information processing, membrane transport, and waste management—with the addition that successful synthetic metabolism often depends on precise regulation of membrane protein orientation and lipid-protein ratios for function.
By integrating these systems, protein synthesis and active metabolism are achieved inside vesicle-bound compartments, demonstrating that modular, build-from-core-functions approaches provide foundational insights for synthetic biology and the origins of life. These advances also have significant implications for biomanufacturing and biotechnology.
Student employment has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly among business students engaged in part-time work. This study investigates the relationship between part-time employment and the academic performance of working Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) students, focusing on workload, schedule flexibility, and job-course relevance. Data were collected from 132 working students and analyzed in relation to cognitive achievement, learning outcomes, and General Weighted Average (GWA). Findings indicate that students can maintain satisfactory academic performance while working part-time, provided that workloads are manageable, schedules are flexible, and job roles are aligned with their academic field. Demographic and employment-related variables, including age, sex, year level, job type, and hours worked, were not found to significantly influence academic outcomes. Moreover, moderate and relevant work engagement was shown to enhance key competencies such as time management, discipline, and organization. The study concludes that the impact of part-time employment on academic performance depends largely on the nature and relevance of the work. It recommends that institutions implement supportive policies and advisory systems to help students balance academic and work responsibilities effectively
Introduction : Perioperative chemotherapy using the FLOT protocol has become a therapeutic standard for resectable forms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this chemotherapy protocol in real-world practice.
Patients and Methods : This prospective observational study was conducted on 57 patients with resectable gastric cancer who were admitted to the Medical Oncology Department of Specialized hospital establishment Emir Abdelkader over a seven-year period (2018–2024), and treated with perioperative FLOT chemotherapy. Radiological response was assessed according to RECIST criteria, and histological response was evaluated using the Becker tumor regression grade (TRG). Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results : A total of 57 patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma were included. The mean age was 58.9 ± 9.4 years with a sex ratio of 0.9. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type (57.9%). The majority of tumors were stage II (63.2%). The objective radiological response after preoperative chemotherapy was 38.6%, and the histological response after surgery was 52.9%. The DFS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 78.4%, 57.8%, and 46.9%, respectively ; the OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 85.9%, 58.3%, and 49.8%, respectively. Perioperative FLOT chemotherapy was associated with grade 3–4 toxicities, predominantly neutropenia (64.9%) and asthenia (42.1%).
Conclusion : Our study confirms the efficacy of perioperative FLOT chemotherapy, improving both radiological and histological objective response rates. This regimen also enhances patient survival while maintaining an acceptable tolerability profile.
Keywords : Gastric; perioperative FLOT chemotherapy; adenocarcinoma
Inclusive education plays an important role in shaping the academic performance of pre-service teachers
by preparing them to address diverse learners’ needs. This study aimed to determine the problems encountered in
inclusive education and examine its effect on the academic performance of Bachelor of Early Childhood Education
pre-service teachers at Quezon City University during the academic year 2022–2023. A quantitative research
design was utilized, and data were collected through an online survey questionnaire from 116 respondents. The findings revealed that most participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward inclusive education, emphasizing equal access to quality education, respect for diversity, and collaboration among learners. Pre-service teachers also
showed strong academic performance and positive characteristics such as motivation, diligence, and willingness to
learn. However, challenges such as lack of resources, limited training, and difficulties in managing inclusive
classrooms were identified. The study found a significant relationship between inclusive education and academic
performance.
Abstract. Entrepreneurship played an important role in economic development and offered opportunities for self-employment and financial independence. For students who were enrolled in programs like BSBA Financial Management, entrepreneurial support such as education, self-efficacy, and locus of control influenced their intention to start a business. However, there had been a gap due insufficient studies that focused on rural colleges like Tagoloan Community College. This study aimed to examine the influence of student entrepreneurial support particularly entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, and locus of control on the business intentions of third-year BSBA Financial Management students in Tagoloan Community College. It also determined whether demographic factors were related to students’ business intentions. A descriptive-quantitative research design was used in this study. The data were collected from 207 third-year BSBA students who were selected through random sampling using survey questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Frequency Count, Weighted Mean, Chi-square, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings showed that entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, and locus of control were indeed highly influential and significantly related to student’s business intentions. Among these factors, self-efficacy showed the strongest influence, followed by locus of control, and entrepreneurial education. This showed that students’ entrepreneurial support significantly influenced business intentions. Students who had higher confidence, stronger personal control beliefs, and access to entrepreneurship education were more likely to pursue entrepreneurial activities. The students were encouraged to actively participate in entrepreneurship programs and mentorship activities. Educators were advised to strengthen experiential learning and confidence building activities, while Tagoloan Community College should expand entrepreneurship programs, training, and practical opportunities to support students’ entrepreneurial development
Abstract
Mathematics entered physics as a tool, but gradually transformed itself to become the master.
In the sense that most people believe that mathematics can generate new physics when the opposite is true.
In short, scalar and/or vector forms are not adequate for defining and/or describing physical quantities and, therefore, we must resort to a matrix/tensor description of physical quantities, sometimes called statistical chains of transition matrix chains B or Q for classical and quantum systems respectively.
In this article, The author the author defines and applies the quantum statistical chains Q and the classical statistical chains B to present a new reformulation for quantum physics and classical physics, as well as pure mathematics, probability and statistics in .
We believe that this new physical reformulation is far better than the classical one for understanding and describing the nature of our universe, which exists and operates in a unified four-dimensional space x-t, where the positive time axis t intersects and is perpendicular to the three perpendicular geometric axes x, y and z.
The foundation of the theory presented in this article rests on the following revolutionary equation:
Stress tensor × Strain or curvature tensor = I... (1)
For all free nodes located within the defined control volume of the physical problem under study.
i-Furthermore, we believe that equation 1 allows us to solve all problems in classical and quantum physics, as well as in pure mathematics and statistics.
ii-The physical significance of equation 1 is that each case, in both physics and mathematics, possesses its own energy density and its own spacetime curvature.
iii-The miracle of Equation 1 lies in its generality, that is, its application to all types of energy density U(x,y,z,t) in the most general case (electromagnetic energy density, quantum energy density, gravitational energy density, etc.), thus unifying all theories of energy density, such as quantum mechanics and general relativity, into a single theory.
Another physical significance of equation 1 is that spacetime xyzt is Lorentzian, in that it conserves its volume under the effect of motion, which is also a necessary condition for physical entropy, according to the second law of thermodynamics.
At the extreme, one could say that equation 1 is the only acceptable law in both mathematics and physics. In this sense, any mathematical or physical law or rule compatible with equation 1 must be accepted; any other would be refuted.
This is the subject of the present article.
In the present paper we introduce and answer the 4 important and urgent questions:
1. What is the problem with the Schrödinger partial differential equation?
2. How do the B and Q matrix chains represent new physics in quantum and classical mechanics?
3. Can it be shown that the Schrödinger equation and Einstein's theories of general and special relativity belong to the same theory?
4. What is the Planck distribution in quantum mechanics, and how can it be derived from the statistical quantum transition matrix Q?
Surprisingly, the fascinating challenge of combining Schrödinger’s partial differential equations with Einstein’s theory of special and general relativity, and solving time-dependent partial differential equations, becomes as simple as a school exercise when applied to the scientific principles of the new statistical theory of Cairo Techniques.
A perfect example of this is the replacement of the classical Schrödinger equation of 1927 with its quadratic form to align with modern physics (equation 1):
When the classical Schrödinger equation in 1927 is transformed into its square,
i-The squared equation is transformed to conform to Einstein's theories of special and general relativity.
ii-The squared Schrödinger equation is transformed into a relatively invariant partial differential equation in the appropriate spacetime, as it should be!
It is also worth noting that these modern scientific techniques do not use differential calculus or finite difference methods, but rather rely on the statistical perspective of the B and Q transition matrices.
Finally, it should be clarified that this article is not intended to minimize the major contributions of great physicists and mathematicians such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert, and Riemann, among others, but rather to address the main slips and limitations of their theories, where applicable.
Note: If you are not familiar with the universal laws of physics, please stop reading.
This article is not intended for you
Two heavy metals that are frequently found in the environment and have negative effects on the central nervous system are lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). It is unknown if they work together, despite the fact that both have been shown to have neurotoxic qualities. In this study, twenty (20) Wistar rats were exposed to different concentrations of Pb (40mg/kg), Cd (50mg/kg) and their combinations (50mg/kg Pb + 50mg/kg Cd), for 4 weeks. After the rats were put to sleep, the hippocampal tissue was removed for histological analysis. According to the observations, when compared to the control, combined exposure to Pb and Cd may result in abnormalities in neurobehavior, memory, and spatial learning, which may ultimately worsen neurotoxicity in the test groups. Additionally, the rats' locomotive activity was inhibited by either Pb or Cd staining, which was boosted by their high concentrations in a mixture. Molecular, pyramidal, and multiform cell layers burst and shrank, indicating severe brain damage, according to the histopathological analyses. All exposed groups exhibit disorganised, vacuolated, and apoptotic cells. This study offers a crucial theoretical foundation for the toxicity of mixed heavy metal exposure to the study animals.
Keywords: Heavy metals; co-exposure; neurotoxicity; Lead; Cadmium
The rapid global increase in solid waste presents significant environmental, health and economic changes, particularly in developing countries with limited waste management infrastructure. In Rwanda, household participation in sustainable solid waste management (SWM) remains inconsistent despite progressive policies. This study aimed at assessing household participation in solid waste management in Rwanda taking Kanombe Sector as a case study. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the author collected quantitative data from households and qualitative insights from four key informants (AGRUNI employees, Hygiene Officer, and Executive Secretary of Kanombe Sector). Findings indicated moderate to high engagement, with mean scores of 3.91 to 4.47 and standard deviations of 0.13 to 0.95. Multiple linear regression confirmed that socio-demographic factors, infrastructure access, and knowledge of best practices positively influence SWM participation (R² = 0.765, p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis revealed critical barriers, including low segregation rates, frequent service disruptions, and limited community involvement. The study concludes that optimizing waste outcomes requires accessible infrastructure, continuous environmental education, and targeted interventions addressing socio-economic disparities. Strengthening community engagement and reinforcing policy implementation are identified as critical imperatives for achieving sustainable urban waste management. These findings offer an evidence-based roadmap for policymakers and urban planners to improve household-level SWM and environmental sustainability in Kigali.
Keywords: Environmental sustainability, household participation, solid waste management (SWM), waste segregation, waste sources.
This study aimed at analyzing the impact of drought on community livelihoods in the Nyamata Sector of Bugesera District, Rwanda, between 2018 and 2024. Utilizing a descriptive, mixed-methods, the investigation sourced primary data from 393 stratified household units, determined via Yamane’s formula, supplemented by qualitative interviews with local authorities and a comprehensive analysis of historical weather records. The empirical findings reveal a marked escalation in both the occurrence (mean = 4.25, SD = 0.70) and persistence (mean = 4.21, SD = 0.81) of dry spells. Such environmental transitions were strongly associated with a substantial contraction in agricultural productivity (mean = 4.32, SD = 0.73) and a parallel reduction in domestic revenue (mean = 4.23, SD = 0.74). Crucially, the evidence identifies an alarming trend in food instability (mean = 4.34, SD = 0.76) as a central outcome of these climatic shifts. Regression analysis substantiated a robust correlation between drought-induced pressures and the stability of local livelihoods (R2 = 0.625, p < 0.001), identifying chronic water shortages and extended arid periods as the primary drivers of communal susceptibility. Broadly, the study concludes that the heightening intensity of these ecological threats progressively undermines rural prosperity by obstructing traditional rain-fed cultivation and limiting economic diversification. Consequently, the research advocates for a cohesive policy framework prioritizing climate-resilient farming techniques, optimized hydrological management, and enhanced social protection mechanisms to bolster the resilience of populations in semi-arid regions.
To comprehensively evaluate the cost-effectiveness and treatment outcomes of implementing Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) for the management of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) in children under a simplified protocol in Khartoum State. This evaluation will involve:
• Assessing the direct and indirect costs associated with the use of RUTF compared to standard protocols.
• Measuring key treatment outcomes, including recovery rates, default rates, and adverse events among children treated with RUTF.
• Analyzing the scalability and sustainability of the simplified protocol in the context of local health systems.
• Providing evidence-based recommendations for optimizing resource allocation and improving nutritional recovery in vulnerable populations.
Objective:
Strengthen and expand access to sustainable nutrition interventions in vulnerable communities by implementing effective and efficient new protocols, with the aim of improving health outcomes for children
Design:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 11,962 cases of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), identified through comprehensive total coverage sampling from Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) registration records. The study utilized mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as the exclusive criterion for both program admission and discharge, ensuring standardized case identification and outcome assessment. Data collection encompassed detailed treatment outcomes, patterns of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) consumption, and associated programmatic costs, systematically gathered over a four-month observation period. The research was situated within CMAM program sites across Khartoum State, Sudan, providing a representative evaluation of community-level interventions for acute malnutrition in this setting
Setting
The "setting" in nutrition interventions refers to the specific environment or context where nutrition-related activities, services, or programs are delivered. This can include locations such as health facilities, schools, communities, or households. The choice of setting is crucial because it influences accessibility, effectiveness, and the reach of nutrition interventions, ensuring that target populations—such as children, adolescents, or pregnant women—receive appropriate support. Application in UNICEF’s Strategic Plan UNICEF’s approach to nutrition interventions emphasizes strengthening primary health care and delivering high-impact health services in accessible settings. This includes: Health facilities for immunization, maternal and child health, and malnutrition treatment. Community-based platforms for early detection of malnutrition and promotion of breastfeeding and optimal diets. Schools and adolescent-focused settings for addressing micronutrient deficiencies and promoting healthy behaviors. The setting is also important for integrating nutrition with other services, such as mental health, early childhood development, and adolescent health, to ensure a holistic approach. Key Considerations The effectiveness of nutrition interventions often depends on tailoring activities to the specific needs and characteristics of the setting, such as local resources, cultural practices, and existing health infrastructure. UNICEF’s work highlights the need for equitable and inclusive access to nutrition services across different settings, especially for the most vulnerable and excluded populations. Program Implementation Successful program implementation requires: Identifying the most appropriate settings for reaching target groups. Coordinating with local partners and stakeholders within those settings. Ensuring that interventions are contextually relevant and sustainabl
Participants:
Children aged 6–59 months diagnosed with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and enrolled in community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programs, who received therapeutic intervention with ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) in accordance with a simplified treatment protocol, refers to:
Pediatric patients between 6 and 59 months of age identified as having MAM based on anthropometric criteria (such as weight-for-height z-score between -3 and -2 or mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC] between 115 mm and 125 mm).
These children are admitted into CMAM programs, which are designed to deliver decentralized, community-based care for acute malnutrition.
The intervention involves administration of RUTF, a lipid-based, nutrient-dense therapeutic food, following a simplified protocol that may include adjusted dosage, frequency, or admission/discharge criteria to optimize program efficiency and coverage.
The objective is to achieve nutritional rehabilitation and recovery, reduce morbidity and mortality, and support healthy growth and development in line with UNICEF’s strategic focus on decreasing the percentage of children under 5 who are stunted or wasted due to malnutrition and improving child health outcomes
Results:
The median length of stay for children in the program was 5 weeks, indicating that half of the children were discharged 5 weeks and half after.
Most children were discharged by week 4, suggesting an efficient recovery process and timely management of cases.
2. RUTF Consumption and Cost
A total of 589,545 sachets of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) were consumed during the intervention.
The total expenditure for RUTF amounted to USD 35,372,700, reflecting the scale and resource allocation for the program.
3. Anthropometric Recovery and Protocol Efficiency
The program achieved anthropometric recovery rates that met established humanitarian standards, indicating effective nutritional rehabilitation.
Notably, the RUTF consumption per child was lower than that observed in traditional treatment protocols, suggesting improved efficiency in resource utilization without compromising recovery outcomes.
Implications and Relevance
These results demonstrate that the intervention was both cost-effective and efficient, achieving desired health outcomes for children while optimizing the use of therapeutic food resources.
The shorter median length of stay and lower RUTF consumption per child may reflect improvements in program delivery, adherence to protocols, or innovations in treatment approaches, all contributing to better resource management and potentially broader program reach.
Conclusions:
The simplified RUTF protocol for MAM is feasible, effective, cost-saving, and improves coverage and logistics in emergency settings. Larger-scale studies are recommended to validate long-term
This study investigates the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on transforming Nigeria’s education system within the context of digital education. Recognizing education as a key driver of human capital development and national growth, the research examines how IoT technologies such as smart classrooms, connected devices, learning management systems, and automated administrative processes enhance teaching, learning, and educational management. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Constructivist Learning Theory, the study traces the historical evolution of Nigerian education from traditional and colonial systems to the present era of digital transformation. Using a survey research, data were collected using structured questionnaires from pupils, students, teachers, and staff across three purposively selected institutions: Kadwel International School Kaduna, Federal Science and Technical College Kafanchan, and Bayero University Kano. Out of 228 distributed questionnaires, 202 were analyzed using Likert-scale weighted mean calculations. Findings reveal that IoT adoption positively influences teaching effectiveness, student engagement, and learning experiences, though inadequate infrastructure and limited technical skills remain major barriers. The study recommended that, Government and private bodies should invest in reliable electricity, high-speed internet, and affordable smart devices for schools and universities and there should be continuous professional development for teachers, administrators, and technical staff on IoT applications and digital pedagogy. Furthermore, it concluded that, IoT holds significant transformative potential, contingent upon investments in infrastructure, capacity building, and coordinated stakeholder support.
Abstract
This article advances a sustained, critical interrogation of the gradual reorientation of South Africa’s civil justice system from adversarial litigation toward dialogical and relational modes of dispute resolution, focusing on the Gauteng Mediation Protocol (GMP) as both institutional innovation and normative experiment. While litigation continues to be defended for its doctrinal precision and procedural safeguards, a growing body of scholarship has questioned its capacity to respond adequately to disputes embedded in ongoing social relations and shaped by structural inequality. Against this backdrop, the GMP represents not merely a managerial intervention designed to alleviate court congestion, but a more ambitious attempt to reconfigure the meaning of justice through the incorporation of ubuntu as a guiding ethical framework. Drawing on an interpretive qualitative synthesis of legal scholarship, mediation studies, and African philosophical literature, this article argues that the GMP does not displace adversarialism so much as destabilise its dominance by introducing competing logics of engagement centred on dialogue, recognition, and relational accountability. At the same time, the analysis resists celebratory narratives of transformation by foregrounding the institutional, epistemic, and socio-economic constraints that shape mediation practice. In doing so, the article contributes to ongoing debates on transformative justice, legal pluralism, and the decolonisation of legal processes, proposing that the significance of the GMP lies in its capacity to expose the limits of litigation while opening, albeit unevenly, a space for more contextually grounded forms of justice to emerge.
Depuis de nombreuses années, l'administration publique subit une succession de réformes. L'objectif principal étant de s'ajuster de manière optimale aux exigences du contexte économique et politique actuel. Toutefois, la fonction « Ressources Humaines » n'a pas subi de transformation significative en raison de plusieurs éléments liés à son utilisation instrumentale. Cette recherche a pour objectif de déterminer diverses problématiques de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) du point de vue des leaders, grâce à un questionnaire distribué en 2024. Il y a deux niveaux dans ces préoccupations. La première porte sur les politiques de gestion des ressources humaines (12 éléments), comme la communication, l'amélioration des compétences, l'indépendance dans la prise de décisions, etc. Le second niveau englobe diverses pratiques de la gestion des ressources humaines (18 éléments), comme le recrutement, l'évaluation et la gestion des salaires. L'analyse factorielle, à la fois exploratoire et confirmatoire, a été mise en œuvre pour extraire des informations fiables sur les enjeux de la GRH et pour valider les échelles de mesure développées. Cette recherche met en lumière un certain nombre de recommandations visant à aider les organismes publics à valoriser les aspects stratégiques de la gestion des ressources humaines. De plus, elle propose l'établissement d'une culture de changement par le biais de programmes de formation et d'amélioration personnalisés en fonction des exigences identifiées.
A prospective diagnostic study was conducted in 2025 including 80 patients with previously undiagnosed pleural effusion to assess the accuracy of transthoracic ultrasound in predicting malignant etiology. Sonographic variables analyzed comprised pleural thickness, pleural nodularity, intrapleural septations, pleural mobility, echogenicity, and the presence of the jellyfish sign. Cytological analysis of pleural fluid was used as the reference standard. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that pleural thickness ≥2.35 mm had excellent discriminative performance (AUC = 0.96), with high sensitivity and specificity. Pleural nodules also showed strong diagnostic performance. In contrast, septations, reduced mobility, and the jellyfish sign exhibited limited predictive value. Multivariable logistic regression identified pleural thickness ≥2.35 mm and pleural nodularity as independent predictors of malignancy. The final model achieved an overall diagnostic accuracy of 94.8%. These findings indicate that specific transthoracic ultrasound features, particularly pleural thickening and nodularity, provide robust, non-invasive markers for differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusions.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has introduced innovative instructional approaches aimed at improving teaching and learning outcomes. One such approach is AI-enhanced personalized instruction, which adapts learning content, pace, and feedback to individual learners’ needs. This study investigated the perception of pre-service Biology teachers on the usability of AI-enhanced personalized instruction in learning Biology concepts at Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education (A.I.F.U.E), Owerri, Imo State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised 285 pre-service Biology teachers, while a sample of 70 third- and fourth-year students was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire titled Perception of Pre-service Biology Teachers on the Usability of AI-Enhanced Personalized Instruction Questionnaire (PPBTUAEPIQ). The instrument was validated by experts, and reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that pre-service Biology teachers had positive perceptions of the ease of use (grand mean = 3.26), usefulness (grand mean = 3.40), accessibility (grand mean = 3.13), and instructional support (grand mean = 3.34) of AI-enhanced personalized instruction in learning Biology concepts. The study concluded that AI-enhanced personalized instruction is perceived as usable, beneficial, and supportive of Biology learning among pre-service teachers. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teacher education institutions should integrate AI-enhanced instructional tools into Biology teaching and provide adequate training and infrastructure to support their effective use.
The fundamental aim of an asset maintenance practise is to enhance asset performance, minimize downtime, prolong the lifespan of assets, and manage maintenance expenses. While this objective can differ across various industries, this extensive research experience indicates that it remains a common goal.
Developing a maintenance plan suitable for organizations ranging from small businesses to large enterprises can be quite challenging. This process encompasses multiple components and methodologies, along with diverse approaches, all aimed at ensuring the thorough and efficient upkeep of assets, which include equipment, machinery, facilities, and infrastructure.
While some of these assets may not be the expensive, they are crucial for producing production achievable or services, highlighting their importance in operational workflows. The failure of these essential assets can initiate a chain reaction that disrupts the entire production operations and may even lead to a complete halt in organisational operations. To guarantee that vital assets operate at peak efficiency consistently, it is essential to establish a maintenance management practise that is both effective and dependable. This meticulously designed strategy plays a pivotal role in maintaining the ongoing performance of such assets, resulting in fewer operational failures, minimizing errors or quality issues, and significantly reducing the need for constant oversight or monitoring.
Background: Diverse plant extracts with antibacterial activities can be of great help in the control of multidrug resistant bacterial infection (MDR) pathogens.
Objectives: Investigating the antimicrobial potency and phyto-active chemicals edible plant Emilia coccinea against multidrug resistance pathogenic bacteria in combination with conventional antibiotics against multi-drug-resistant pathogens.
Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination was done using INT (iodonitrotetrazolium) colorimetric assay. Antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic plant extract of Emilia coccinea against MDR pathogenic strains of S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Shigella, Salmonella species and Escherichia coli was carried out by the broth micro diffusion method with the use of Mueller Hinton broth. Checkerboards testing for combination between the edible plant extract of Emilia coccineae and conventional antibiotics were carried out. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals was conducted using qualitative chemical method.
Results: There was a significant increase in antibiotic efficacy when in combination with the hydroethanolic plant extracts with results <0.5 synergy, >0.5 but <1 indifference/additive and >4 antagonistic. Plant Extracts show the presences of phytochemical which supports the traditional use of this plant as an antimicrobial.
Conclusion: The present study showed antimicrobial properties of E. coccinea, against S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Shigella, Salmonella species and Escherichia coli. Hence, poses a pace for further investigations on the mechanism of action of E. coccinea.
Key words: checkerboard combination, Emilia Coccineae, MDR pathogenic strains, antimicrobial, MIC and MBC, phytochemical.
The theory of Cognitive Load has always been a major influence in the field of educational psychology (Skulmowski & Man Xu, 2021). Cognitive load theory pertains to the amount of information that a person's working memory can hold at a time. The cognitive load instrument consists of four to five items for each domain of cognitive load. Therefore, this study aims to try out initially the cognitive load instrument and determine the index of discrimination. The researchers conducted this study in Quezon City University during the 1st semester of the academic year 2024-2025. The general population of this study are students from Quezon City University, whereas the sample population includes 30 students from Bachelor of Early Childhood Education. After the pilot testing of the Cognitive Load Instrument, it has been determined that from the remaining thirteen (13) questions, only nine (9) will be used for the next tryout. Moreover, it was shown that the majority of the students have extraneous cognitive load.
This article develops an integrative conceptualization of spiritual leadership to examine contemporary dynamics of organizational ethical alignment within corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. While prior research on spiritual leadership has primarily focused on intra-organizational outcomes such as employee engagement and well-being, and CSR literature has emphasized stakeholder governance and external legitimacy, the relationship between these two fields remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, the study proposes a multilevel conceptual model of integrative spiritual leadership structured around four complementary dimensions of organizational ethical alignment: personal, organizational, societal, and environmental.
The model conceptualizes leadership as a process of aligning individual values, organizational cultures, and societal expectations, thereby contributing to the coherence of CSR policies. It further introduces the Organizational Spiritual Quotient (OSQ) as an exploratory conceptual indicator for assessing the degree of ethical alignment within organizations. By integrating internal meaning-making dynamics with external responsibility commitments, the proposed framework extends both spiritual leadership and responsible leadership literature.
The article contributes to research on the microfoundations of CSR by highlighting the role of value alignment and organizational meaning-making in shaping responsible practices. It also outlines a research agenda for empirical validation, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method approaches. Overall, the study advances a systemic and multilevel understanding of leadership as a key driver of ethical alignment in contemporary organizational contexts.
The study examines how couples in subsequent marriages achieve inner peace by exploring their lived experiences through a qualitative approach. It founds out inner peace us developed through emotional healing, rebuilding trust, and forming new foundations of love after past relationship challenges. Couples rely on maturity, forgiveness, and resilience while navigating blended families and societal expectations.
Religious guidance, particularly from Islamic teachings, plays a crucial role in helping couples find stability and resolution. The study also highlights that commitment remains essential for marital satisfaction, despite modern shifts toward individual priorities two participants.
Additionally, the integration of the “Nine Tasks” of remarriage with faith emphasizes that marriage, love, and shared aspirations are strengthened through a relationship centered on Almighty. While subsequent marriages present challenges such as trust issues and family adjustments, they also offer opportunities for growth and renewal.
Overall, the study concludes that faith, commitment, and shared purpose are key factors in helping remarried couples rebuild their lives and achieve lasting inner peace.
Keywords:
Subsequent marriage, remarriage, inner peace, lived experiences, emotional healing, trust rebuilding, marital commitment, blended families,
The portal vein (PV) and hepatic artery are the main sources of blood supply of the liver. Portal hypertension is a major abnormality of the portal venous system. Studies on hepatic blood flow changes in pregnancy have not been consistent, while some studies have reported no significant changes in hepatic blood flow during pregnancy, despite a marked increase in cardiac output, others have demonstrated an increase, and this increase has been attributed to a preferential increase in portal venous blood flow, so sonography is a good diagnostic tool that plays a significant role in diagnosis and follow-up patients with portal hypertension.
ملخص الدراسة
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التحقق من الخصائص السيكومترية لبُعد السلوك الجنسي ضمن مقياس ستوكس وكاور (Stokes & Kaur, 2005) لدى الأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد، في انسجام مع الخصوصيات السوسيوثقافية المغربية. وقد أُجريت الدراسة على عينة تقنين مكونة من 345 وليّ أمر لأطفال ومراهقين مشخصين باضطراب طيف التوحد من المستويين الخفيف والمتوسط، تتراوح أعمارهم بين 13 و21 سنة، مع اعتماد المبادئ التوجيهية للجنة الدولية للاختبارات (ITC) في جميع مراحل التكييف، بما يكفل التكافؤ الثقافي واللغوي للأداة. وأسفرت نتائج التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي عن بنية عاملية ثلاثية الأبعاد فسرت 61.93% من التباين الكلي، كما كشفت عن تمتع المقياس بمؤشرات سيكومترية مرضية، تمثلت في اتساق داخلي جيد وفق معامل ألفا كرونباخ بلغ 0.796، وثبات زمني مرتفع جداً في إعادة الاختبار بلغ 0.998. وأظهرت النتائج كذلك وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً في السلوك الجنسي تبعاً لشدة الاضطراب لصالح المستوى المتوسط، إلى جانب تسجيل مسار نمائي تنازلي بلغ ذروته في الفئة العمرية 13–14 سنة، بينما لم تُسجل فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس. وخلصت الدراسة إلى اشتقاق معايير إكلينيكية ودرجات قطع خاصة بالبيئة المغربية لتصنيف شدة السلوكات الجنسية غير التكيفية، بما يؤكد أن النسخة المكيفة من هذا البعد تمثل أداة علمية موثوقة للتقييم والتوجيه، وذات قيمة تطبيقية وبحثية في الممارسة النفسية والتربوية داخل المغرب.
“Filipino Mythology Through Interactive Play” is a mobile game designed to make Philippine mythology more engaging and accessible for students through interactive and entertaining gameplay. The study focuses on the development of an offline fighting game that combines education with culturally relevant game design. It features six unlockable characters representing significant Filipino mythical gods, allowing players to become familiar with their identities, roles, and characteristics. To strengthen cultural immersion, the game uses authentic Philippine landscapes as battle settings and includes original background music inspired by the country’s rich cultural heritage.
The main objective of the project is to create a learning tool that goes beyond traditional teaching methods by using the strong appeal of mobile gaming. Each character is paired with a set of quiz questions that test and reinforce the player’s understanding of mythological knowledge. Correct answers provide in-game rewards, encouraging both learning and motivation. Since the game works offline, it remains accessible to users without internet access, while an automated save system ensures that progress is preserved for continuous play.
This research evaluates the effectiveness of game-based learning in improving cultural awareness and mythological literacy among students. It examines how educational content is integrated into gameplay mechanics and measures the game’s ability to support deeper understanding of Philippine mythology. It also assesses user experience in terms of accessibility, engagement, and learning outcomes, contributing to knowledge on digital games as tools for education and cultural preservation in the Philippine educational system.
This study examines the foundations of African philosophy in Swahili literature as a means of building sustainable communities, with reference to the novels Parade la Kuzimu and Mirathi ya Hatari. A library-based research method was used, where data were collected through analysis of selected books related to Swahili literature and African philosophy. Epistemology theory was employed as the analytical framework and for discussing the data, helping to clarify how knowledge, beliefs, and social understanding are constructed, accepted, and conveyed through literary works. The study’s findings show that the selected novels deeply reflect African philosophical foundations such as humaneness, communalism, fraternity, solidarity, and social ethics, which contribute to strengthening peace, cooperation, and sustainable development in communities. It was also found that Swahili literature is an important tool for educating communities about the effects of moral decay and the need to restore African ethical foundations. This article emphasizes the need for further research on African philosophy in literature, the integration of these themes into school curricula, and the use of literature as a medium for moral education to strengthen sustainable community development.
The cycling of baryonic matter in the universe, from primordial nucleosynthesis to star formation, stellar evolution, feedback, and interstellar recycling, is governed by interconnected physical processes spanning a vast range of spatial and temporal scales. Contemporary cosmological simulations effectively replicate the overarching structure of this cycle; however, they are constrained by unresolved microphysical processes that generate systematic uncertainties. This study examines the inadequately resolved physical processes in simulations of matter cycling and assesses methods to mitigate their impacts. Employing a structured literature-based methodology, research was integrated across five principal domains: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), turbulence-regulated star formation, stellar evolution and chemical yields, feedback and circumgalactic medium (CGM) dynamics, and interstellar medium (ISM) recycling.
The analysis shows that there are still uncertainties at every stage of baryonic matter cycling. Changes in nuclear reaction rates change predictions of primordial abundance, unresolved turbulence and magnetic fields cause significant differences in how well stars form, uncertainties in how stars evolve affect chemical enrichment models, feedback processes are very sensitive to subgrid prescriptions and resolution, and simplified treatments of multiphase ISM chemistry affect gas recycling and the formation of molecular clouds. These uncertainties are not isolated; they propagate and amplify across scales, impacting large-scale predictions of baryon cycling, metallicity distributions, and galaxy evolution.
The current study found that enhancing individual model components is inadequate without considering the propagation of uncertainty across scales. To limit these effects, we need to use high-resolution simulations, better subgrid modeling, stricter rules from laboratory nuclear physics, and observational calibration all at once. To make cosmological models that are more accurate and physically sound, matter cycling should be treated as an interconnected system with a lot of uncertainties.
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between social media usage and the
communication skills of Senior High School students at Southern de Oro
Philippines College. Using correlational and causal research designs, along with
data from HUMSS and GAS students, the findings showed that students have a
moderately high level of social media use, particularly for academic purposes, and
demonstrate very satisfactory communication skills based on their English
performance. However, the results revealed no significant relationship between
social media usage and communication skills. Regression analysis further
confirmed that social media use does not significantly influence students’
communication performance. The study concluded that while social media
supports interaction and academic tasks, communication skills are more effectively
developed through formal instruction, consistent reading, and active language
practice. It is recommended that students use social media responsibly and with
limitations, while teachers should guide their proper and educational use.
Additionally, students are encouraged to engage in traditional learning practices
such as reading, writing, and personal interaction. Future researchers may explore
other factors affecting communication skills and include larger samples for further
validation.
Keywords: communication skills, English performance, social media usage
This study aims to analyze energy efficiency in corporate environments, considering the lighting system as a strategic vector for reducing energy consumption, optimizing operational costs, and strengthening organizational sustainability practices. The research is characterized as applied, qualitative, and analytical in nature, grounded in a systematic review of scientific literature, technical standards, and institutional documents related to energy efficiency and corporate sustainability. A comparative analysis was adopted between conventional lighting systems and modern LED-based solutions, considering technical, regulatory, operational, and economic criteria in compliance with the NBR ISO/CIE 8995-1 standard. Based on this analysis, a conceptual and replicable Energy Efficiency Optimization Plan (EEOP) was structured. The results indicate that replacing conventional systems with LED lighting can provide significant reductions in energy consumption, decrease thermal load, lower maintenance costs, and improve visual comfort and working conditions, in addition to positive environmental impacts. It is concluded that energy efficiency, when integrated into organizational strategy, constitutes a governance asset capable of aligning economic performance, environmental responsibility, and human well-being, consolidating itself as an essential pillar of corporate sustainability.
Urban flooding in rapidly urbanizing African cities is increasingly recognized as an infrastructure-mediated risk shaped by drainage inefficiencies, degraded road networks, and structurally vulnerable buildings. This study investigates the relationship between infrastructure failures and urban flood vulnerability in Messa II, Yaoundé II, Cameroon. Using a mixed-method approach, primary data were collected from 150 households through structured questionnaires, field-based infrastructure assessments, and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multiple regression modeling were employed to examine the predictive strength of drainage condition, road infrastructure quality, and building structural stability on flood outcomes. Results indicate that flooding is recurrent, with 64% of households experiencing at least two flood events annually and 68.7% reporting inundation lasting two hours or more. Drainage systems were widely rated as poor (80%), and 69.3% of respondents reported frequent drain blockage due to solid waste and sediment accumulation. Roads lacking adequate side drains and cross-fall diverted runoff into residential compounds (62%), amplifying flood propagation and restricting mobility. Building vulnerability further intensified impacts, as 74% of structures were located at or below road level and 75.3% exhibited moderate-to-poor construction quality. The integrated regression model explained 61% of the variation in household flood vulnerability (R² = 0.61), with drainage condition emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.48), followed by road infrastructure quality (β = 0.32) and building structural stability (β = 0.21). The findings demonstrate that flood risk in Messa II is a systemic outcome of interacting infrastructure deficiencies rather than rainfall intensity alone. The study provides neighborhood scale empirical evidence for integrated infrastructure-based flood risk management and offers actionable prioritization guidance for municipal planning in Yaoundé II and comparable Central African cities.
Keywords: Building vulnerability; Drainage systems; Infrastructure failure; Road geometry; Urban flooding;
La partie est de la R .D. C est toujors influencée par certaines langues parlées dans les pays frontalier comme langues officielles, notamment l'anglais et le swahili. Le contact à travers le commerce a occasionné l'expansion de ces deux langues : l'anglais et le swahili. cet article se focalise beacoup plus dans l'Anglicisation de Kiswahili et lesv differents aspects du processus de puriste Swahiliphones. nous avons demontré comment la structure Swahiliphone est anglophonisée, plus precisement au niveau lexical.
Mots clés : emprunt linguistique, influence linguistique, morpheme, phonologie
Ass Ir. Dieu merci BAWELEMISE Yenga, Ass Aimé Nakwety Disuma, Ass Pascal ANYONDRI Mafuta, Doctorant Stanislas OFEKA Ndomba, Ass Patrick LOKAMBE Bamale et Ass Patrick BOKOTA Amundala
This research is a study of the stability of a landslide occurring along National Road 4 (RN4) at kilometer point 77, axis Yangambi towards the village of Yalongosa. We observed road degradation caused by the landslide where the stretch of the road has been destroyed. It should be noted that the absence of an outlet on the right side of the roadway (since it is right in the village) necessitated the construction of a culvert; the poor sizing of the culvert placed at the location destroys the existing soil structure by eroding the embankment. The erosion of the embankment downstream of the culvert leads to landsliding and ultimately the rupture of the roadway.
Regarding the pedological material, we have soil samples taken from the site of our research, specifically in the village of Yalongosa. The choice of these different profiles is justified by their accessibility and the noticeable effects observed on-site in the study environment. The geological samples collected were placed in plastic bags, labeled, and brought to the IFA/Yangambi laboratory in Kisangani. Calculations of sums, averages, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation will be done using Microsoft Excel software. The results showed the percentage variation in clay. The average variations in clay differ depending on the points and intervals sampled.
In general, the average contents and standard deviations present the following descending order: 13.67 ±2.00% at point seven (P7), which is higher compared to 10.00 ± 3.33% at point three (P3), which is higher compared to 9.17 ±1.89% at point five (P5), which is higher compared to 8.00 ±3.00% at point two (P2), which is higher compared to 7.17 ±2.11% at point six (P6), which is higher compared to 7.00 ±1.00% at point one (P1). It emerges from the review that on average, the soil under these seven studied sub-points shows the following results: 79.17 ±0.56% at point seven (P7), followed by 81.83 ± 2.11% at point three (P3), followed by 82.83 ±2.83% at point five (P5), followed by 83.83 ±4.83% under point four (P4), followed by 87.33 ±1.22% at point one (P1), followed by 87.33 ±4.83%, and finally at point two (P2) of 88.50±2.67%.
Keywords: stability, slip, National Road, Yangambi and Yalongosa
Abstract
The evolution of contemporary armed conflicts, characterized by the rise of non-state actors and terrorism, challenges traditional categories of international humanitarian law. This article examines the legal status of irregular combatants and individuals accused of terrorism in non-international armed conflicts, focusing on the Democratic Republic of Congo. It highlights the tension between state security imperatives and the obligation to uphold human dignity. The study demonstrates that the absence of prisoner-of-war status does not imply the absence of legal protection. Through doctrinal, legal, and empirical analysis, particularly of atrocities committed by the ADF-NALU, the article underscores the limitations of international humanitarian law in addressing asymmetric conflicts. It advocates for an integrated approach that balances criminal repression with the protection of fundamental rights.
Keywords: International humanitarian law; irregular combatants; terrorism; prisoners of war; non-international armed conflict; DRC; human rights.
This study explores the protection of prisoners of war in the context of counterterrorism in the Democratic Republic of Congo, particularly in conflicts involving the FARDC and ADF. It highlights the tension between national security concerns and compliance with international humanitarian law. The findings show that despite an existing legal framework, significant violations persist, including breaches of fair trial guarantees, lack of judicial oversight of pre-trial detention, and inequality of arms before military courts. Furthermore, the classification of captured individuals remains problematic in asymmetric conflicts, as they are often treated as terrorists rather than prisoners of war. The study concludes that the ineffectiveness of international humanitarian law in the DRC stems from legal, institutional, and political factors, and calls for reforms to better balance security and fundamental rights protection.
Keywords: Prisoners of war; International humanitarian law; Terrorism; FARDC; ADF; Military justice; Fundamental rights.
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