Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study analyzes the structural determinants of accounting system performance in public enterprises through the case of REGIDESO in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Using a structural equation modeling approach (SEM), the research examines the relationships between organizational structure, accounting processes, human capital, and accounting system performance. Data were collected from 174 accounting staff members across three operational zones. The findings indicate that organizational structure has the strongest impact on accounting system performance, followed by human capital and accounting processes. The model explains 71% of the variance in financial information quality. The study highlights the importance of combining organizational reforms, process optimization, and human resource development to improve accounting systems in African public enterprises.
Notre article a consisté à analyser l’impact de l’importation des biens à la consommation sur l’économie congolaise. Cette étude a tourné au tour de trois points hormis l’introduction et la conclusion. Nous avons fait recours à la méthode MCO pour vérifier cette étude. Après analyse, nous avons constaté qu’il y a une relation de corrélation de 87% entre les biens à la consommation qui est saisie dans ce travail à travers les alimentations et les boissons d’une part et de l’autre côté part le tabac, textile et habillements sur le Produit intérieur brut de la RDC. Il s’observe que ce faible participation de la structure des biens à la consommation figures les alimentations et boissons, et les tabacs, textiles et habillements qui ont une contribution faible. La solution pour inverser cette tendance serait de privilégier la production locale afin de créer de l’emploi local et soutenir l’économie.
Despite ongoing government promotion of agroforestry in Rwanda, many rural households in Rutsiro District still face food shortages and limited access to nutritious diets. This study examined how agroforestry practices affect household food security in Mushubati, Mukura, and Gihango sectors of Rutsiro District, covering the period from 2016 to 2025. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining structured questionnaires administered to 365 farming households with qualitative data from 12 key informants and field observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis in SPSS version 28, supplemented by thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings show that tree–crop integration (82.7%), fruit tree planting (75.1%), and soil conservation trees (66.0%) were the most widely practiced agroforestry systems. Household food security was generally moderate to high (composite mean = 3.85), though seasonal shortages were still reported. Agroforestry practices had a strong and statistically significant positive effect on household food security (r = 0.819, p < 0.05), explaining 67.1% of the variation in food security outcomes (R² = 0.671). Agroforestry also improved dietary diversity, especially increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. The study concludes that agroforestry is an effective strategy for improving household food security and nutritional outcomes among smallholder farmers. Adoption is still constrained by limited access to seedlings, land scarcity, insufficient technical knowledge, and pests and diseases. The study recommends increasing access to quality seedlings, strengthening extension services, and promoting agroforestry models adapted to small landholdings.
Keywords: Agroforestry practices, dietary diversity, food security, household nutrition, tree–crop integration
This paper examines the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Indonesia, with particular emphasis on the relationship between environmental protection and human rights. Although Indonesia became a signatory to CITES in 1978 and subsequently adopted domestic legal frameworks to regulate wildlife trade, enforcement remains weak. Institutional fragmentation, limited inter-agency coordination, judicial leniency, and persistent illegal wildlife trafficking continue to undermine the effectiveness of CITES implementation. Existing scholarship primarily focuses on either ecological conservation outcomes or legal compliance, leaving a significant gap in understanding the human rights implications of CITES enforcement. This issue is especially relevant for indigenous communities, whose cultural practices and traditional livelihoods are often affected by conservation measures and restrictions on access to natural resources. The study argues that CITES implementation contributes to biodiversity conservation and supports the emerging recognition of the right to a healthy environment. However, when conservation policies are applied without a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA), they may unintentionally marginalize indigenous populations by limiting access to culturally significant resources and weakening economic sustainability. The paper concludes that effective and equitable CITES compliance requires integrating international conservation objectives with local socio-cultural realities. It recommends strengthening community participation in decision-making, providing sustainable livelihood alternatives, enhancing institutional coordination, and improving legal accountability in enforcement mechanisms. Such reforms are essential to ensuring that biodiversity conservation in Indonesia is both environmentally sustainable and socially just.
This article presents a descriptive case study of negotiations in a heritage restoration project in Brazil. We analyzed contractual disputes between the parties, decisions made by managers under uncertainty, and the relationships between technical and organizational aspects. The study is a single-case study using documentary evidence, technical reports, and legal communications. The parties' negotiation profiles were competitive; the managers' decisions provided biased confirmation, and the Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) was progressively reduced. The elements of trust, persuasion, and BATNA affected the negotiation outcomes. The main constraints for the management of heritage conservation projects are the legal constraints, which must be balanced with the structural safety of the buildings within the framework of public-private partnerships. The findings of this case study have implications for organizational strategies, negotiation practices, and the conservation of heritage. Due diligence, adaptive tactics, and mediation are crucial for establishing sustainable agreements.
The growing internationalization of healthcare services and medical education has significantly increased the importance of English language proficiency among medical students. English serves as the primary language of scientific communication, medical research, and international professional collaboration. Consequently, higher medical education institutions face the challenge of developing students’ professional competence through effective English language instruction.
This study investigates the linguodidactic characteristics of exercises employed in developing medical students’ professional competence in English. Using theoretical analysis and synthesis of contemporary literature in linguodidactics, English for Medical Purposes (EMP), and competence-based education, the research identifies key principles underlying the design of effective instructional exercises. The findings reveal that communicative, profession-oriented, interactive, and problem-based exercises contribute substantially to the development of professional communicative competence.
Furthermore, integrating authentic medical materials and clinical scenarios into language instruction enhances students’ readiness for future professional practice. The study concludes that linguodidactically sound exercises serve as a critical mechanism for preparing competent healthcare professionals capable of functioning effectively in international medical environments.
Access to finance remains one of the most significant barriers to the growth and sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa, and Zambia is no exception. This paper examines the key determinants of SME access to formal finance in Zambia, drawing on existing empirical literature, national survey data, and theoretical frameworks including information asymmetry theory, the pecking order theory, and the resource-based view. The determinants identified are categorised into demand-side factors including collateral inadequacy, financial illiteracy, informality as well as credit history and supply-side factors, including high interest rates, stringent lending requirements, limited financial infrastructure in rural areas, and structural weaknesses in the banking sector. The paper further examines the moderating role of institutional factors such as the regulatory environment, credit reference bureau penetration, and government policy. The findings suggest that a multi-stakeholder approach, combining regulatory reform, targeted financial literacy programmes, development of credit guarantee schemes, and promotion of digital financial services, is essential to meaningfully improve SME financial inclusion in Zambia. Policy recommendations are offered for government, financial institutions, and development partners.
This study aims at establishing the effect that social media marketing has on purchase decisions made by customers in Oman. As the use of digital marketing tools such as Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and X continue to change the way marketers interact with their target audience, it is worth conducting a study that will fill in an existing research gap in relation to the Omani setting. This study will have four goals. First, the study will seek to establish social media use trends among customers in Oman, investigate the effects that it has on forming attitudes toward brands, identify factors affecting purchase decisions, and compare it with conventional marketing practices. The participants of the study will be social media users aged between 18 and 40 years living in Muscat.
Cette étude analyse l’impact de la satisfaction client sur la fidélisation dans les banques commerciales à Kinshasa, en prenant le cas de Rawbank et FBNBank RDC. Dans un contexte marqué par l’intensification de la concurrence bancaire et l’évolution des attentes des clients, la fidélisation constitue un enjeu stratégique majeur pour les institutions financières.
L’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’évaluer l’influence de la satisfaction client sur la fidélisation bancaire. L’étude mobilise une approche quantitative fondée sur des données collectées auprès de 150 clients des banques étudiées à l’aide d’un questionnaire structuré. Les données ont été analysées à travers les statistiques descriptives, l’analyse factorielle exploratoire, l’Alpha de Cronbach, la corrélation de Pearson et la régression linéaire multiple sous le logiciel Stata.
Les résultats montrent que la satisfaction client exerce un effet positif et significatif sur la fidélisation bancaire. La qualité des services bancaires et la confiance relationnelle influencent également positivement la fidélisation des clients. En revanche, la digitalisation des services bancaires ne présente pas d’effet significatif dans le contexte étudié. Ces résultats indiquent que les clients accordent davantage d’importance à la qualité des interactions humaines, à la confiance et à l’efficacité des services bancaires.
Cette étude met en évidence la nécessité pour les banques commerciales de renforcer les stratégies centrées sur la qualité des services, la relation client et la satisfaction afin d’améliorer durablement la fidélisation de leur clientèle.
Cet article présente les résultats et l'interprétation d'une campagne de prospection hydrogéophysique par Sondages Électriques Verticaux (SEV) menée dans la commune de Wembo-Nyama (Sankuru, RDC). L’objectif est de traduire les résistivités apparentes brutes en un modèle structural et géométrique des aquifères sédimentaires du Plio-Pléistocène. Le traitement par inversion numérique 1D (logiciel IPI2Win, 2020) de quatre stations stratégiques (SEV1 à SEV4) affiche une excellente convergence mathématique (RMSE moyen de 4,53%). L’analyse statistique démontre l'homogénéité spatiale du toit de la nappe, localisé à une profondeur moyenne de 27,9 m avec un coefficient de variation très faible (12,82%). Les modèles révèlent deux faciès hydrostratigraphiques majeurs : un système de sables saturés à l'Ouest (Kalonda, ρ= 336 Ωm) et un puissant réservoir sédimentaire de grès tendres humides au Centre et à l'Est (Shingoyoyo et Omatete), dont l'épaisseur dépasse 125 m. L'effondrement systématique des résistivités en profondeur (ρ< 2 Ωm) met en évidence un mur marno-argileux ou une interface d'eaux hautement minéralisées, fixant le plancher imperméable de l'aquifère. Ces données fournissent les critères décisionnels requis pour l'implantation du futur mini-réseau d'adduction d'eau potable de la commune.
Pour dimensionner le futur mini-réseau d'eau potable de Wembo-Nyama, quatre stations de Sondage Électrique Vertical (SEV) ont permis de cartographier l'aquifère sédimentaire libre du Plio-Pléistocène. L'inversion des données (RMSE < 5 %) révèle un réservoir tabulaire continu d'une puissance exceptionnelle (dépassant 125 m à Ekungu et Omatete) dont le toit régulier se stabilise à une profondeur moyenne de 27,9 m. La dynamique piézométrique indique un écoulement global du Sud-Ouest vers le Nord-Est sous contrôle topographique, tandis que l'analyse de la vulnérabilité montre un risque maximal de contamination anthropique au quartier Kalonda en raison d'une nappe plus superficielle (23,9 m), ce qui impose l'établissement prioritaire de périmètres de protection immédiate (PPI) autour des futurs forages à gros débit (F1 et F2).
This article addresses a conflict unfolding within a Brazilian NGO dedicated to health promotion and support for women in difficult situations. The conflict centers on two approaches to financial accountability and the minutes of a recent assembly. As the dispute unfolds, it threatens to tarnish the NGO's reputation. The findings point to structured negotiation, transparency, and ethics that the NGO's directors employed to resolve the controversy. Implications for organizational strategy and management practices in the third sector are then elaborated. Finally, the article offers some suggestions for future research on negotiation in nonprofit organizations.
This study investigates the application of machine learning techniques for economic classification under uncertainty using macroeconomic data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) database covering the period 2000–2023. The objective is to compare the performance of three supervised learning models Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and identify the most accurate and reliable approach for predicting economic conditions.
Model performance was evaluated using multiple metrics, including accuracy, Kappa statistic, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrix analysis. The empirical results demonstrate that the SVM model significantly outperforms both DT and RF, achieving an accuracy of 98.4% and a Kappa value of 0.969, indicating excellent predictive performance and near-perfect agreement between predicted and actual classifications. In contrast, DT and RF exhibit low predictive accuracy (approximately 52.7%) and weak agreement levels.
Further analysis confirms the superiority of SVM, with high precision (0.973), recall (0.997), and F1-score (0.985), reflecting strong robustness and classification reliability. Feature importance analysis from the Random Forest model indicates that GDP growth rate is the most influential predictor, followed by unemployment rate and temporal effects, while geographic and administrative variables contribute relatively little to prediction accuracy.
In conclusion, the findings reveal that Support Vector Machine is the most effective model for economic classification under uncertainty. The results also highlight the critical role of macroeconomic indicators, particularly GDP growth, in predictive accuracy. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning methods in economic analysis and their potential to support data-driven policy formulation.
La corruption en RDC demeure l’un des principaux freint au
développement économique et institutionnel de la République
Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Les autorités publiques déployent les
efforts énormes pour renforcer la gouvernance financière, limité les
détournements de fonds, la fraude fiscale, le blanchiment d’argent et
l’importance de l’économie informelle continuent de compromettre
l’efficacité des politiques publiques. Dans ce contexte, il important que la
République Démocratique du Congo opte pour la transformation
numérique de son système financier comme une opportunité stratégique
en fin d’améliorer la transparence et la traçabilité des flux monétaires. La
Monnaie Numérique de Banque Centrale l’e-franc congolais (MNBC),
définie comme une forme numérique de la monnaie émise par la banque
centrale, suscite un intérêt croissant à travers le monde en raison de son
potentiel à renforcer l’intégrité financière. Cet article analyse la
contribution potentielle de la MNBC à la lutte contre la corruption et à
l’amélioration de la transparence financière en RDC. À travers une
approche documentaire basée sur l’analyse des publications scientifiques,
des rapports institutionnels et des expériences internationales, l’étude met
en exergue les avantages de la MNBC en matière de traçabilité des
transactions, de contrôle des dépenses publiques et de réduction des
activités financières illicites. Toutefois, des défis importants demeurent,
notamment la faiblesse des infrastructures numériques, les risques liés à
la cybersécurité et les préoccupations relatives à la protection des
données personnelles. Les résultats indiquent que la MNBC pourrait
constituer un instrument efficace de modernisation financière et de bonne
gouvernance si son déploiement est accompagné d’un cadre
réglementaire robuste et d’investissements adéquats dans les
infrastructures numériques.
Mots-clés : MNBC, transparence financière, corruption, gouvernance
publique, République Démocratique du Congo, Banque Centrale du
Congo.
L’essor des monnaies numériques de banque centrale (MNBC) transforme profondément les réflexions contemporaines sur la politique monétaire et l’architecture des systèmes financiers. Si les MNBC sont présentées comme des instruments capables d’améliorer l’inclusion financière, l’efficacité des paiements et la souveraineté monétaire, leur introduction dans des économies caractérisées par une fragilité bancaire structurelle soulève d’importantes préoccupations relatives à la stabilité financière. Cet article analyse les risques systémiques associés à l’introduction d’une MNBC de détail en République démocratique du Congo . En s’appuyant sur les théories de l’intermédiation financière, des paniques bancaires et de l’instabilité financière, l’étude montre que la MNBC pourrait accentuer la désintermédiation bancaire, accélérer les retraits massifs de dépôts, réduire l’offre de crédit et renforcer certaines vulnérabilités liées à la dollarisation et à la cybersécurité. Les résultats suggèrent que les bénéfices potentiels de la MNBC ne pourront être pleinement réalisés que dans le cadre d’une mise en œuvre progressive accompagnée d’un renforcement institutionnel et réglementaire substantiel.
Mots-clés : MNBC, CBDC, risque systémique, stabilité financière, banques commerciales, RDC, e-franc congolais.
Water availability has become a critical challenge in Nyamata Sector, Bugesera District, Rwanda, due to increasing climate variability characterized by irregular rainfall, rising temperatures, and frequent droughts. This study assessed the impact of climate variability on water availability in the area over the period 1995–2025. Three specific objectives guided the study: (1) to analyze climate variability trends, (2) to assess the level of water availability, and (3) to determine the relationship between climate variability and water availability. A descriptive and correlational research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 393 respondents using structured questionnaires and interviews, while secondary meteorological data (rainfall and temperature) were obtained from Meteo Rwanda. Findings revealed significant climate variability: rainfall fluctuated between 965 mm (2020) and 1202 mm (2011), and mean annual temperature rose from 21.28°C in 1995 to 23.14°C in 2025. Respondents strongly agreed that drought, irregular rainfall, and rising temperatures have reduced water quantity, worsened accessibility, increased costs, and undermined supply reliability. A Pearson correlation of r = 0.702 (p < 0.01) confirmed a strong positive relationship between climate variability and water availability, while ANOVA results (F = 64.833, p = 0.000) confirmed overall model significance. Rainfall variability emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.389). The study concludes that climate variability significantly and negatively affects water availability and recommends strengthening climate adaptation strategies, expanding water infrastructure, promoting rainwater harvesting, and fostering community participation in water resource management.
Keywords: Climate Variability, Water Availability, Nyamata Sector, Bugesera District, Rainfall Trends, Water Resource Management
Abstract
The implementation of precision agriculture is a way to optimize agricultural production while minimizing operating costs and environmental impacts. The Internet of Things (IoT) and certain artificial intelligence techniques offer new means of monitoring and intelligently managing crops. Connected sensors enable the collection of real-time physicochemical data from the soil, including parameters such as pH, moisture, temperature, electrical conductivity, as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels.
This article discusses the fundamental concepts of the Internet of Things (IoT) in relation to precision agriculture, the principles of neural networks used for predictive analytics, and an integrated architecture combining data acquisition, processing, and machine learning. Improved decision-making on farms, more efficient resource management, and potentially increased yields are expected. The advantages, limitations, and future prospects of this technology are then discussed within the context of developing smart and sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Precision agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, soil analysis, soil fertility, agricultural prediction, smart sensors.
Conclusion
The integration of the Internet of Things and neural networks represents a major advancement in the field of precision agriculture. Thanks to smart sensors and artificial intelligence techniques, it is now possible to monitor soil parameters in real time and predict the most suitable crops.
This approach helps improve agricultural productivity, reduce costs, and conserve natural resources. Thus, the use of smart technologies represents a promising solution to meet modern agricultural challenges.
Understanding what factors and influences affect high school students’ success in mathematics is integral to increasing those very factors, leading to more positive outcomes for math students. This exploratory, pilot study method aimed to generate individual-specific factors that could lead to new paths of research in future studies, and to answer the question “What factors contribute to successful math performance for high school students at a suburban, international school in Cape Town, South Africa?” A mixed methods approach including administering a condensed ACT math section to voluntary participants, performing Repertory Grid interviews with a subset of the aforementioned test-takers, and implementing thematic analysis of the generated RepGrids. Of the 50 ACT test takers, 21 were identified as scoring at or above their corresponding grade-level ACT STEM CRB, which is the validated measure of “math success,” and were therefore eligible for the follow-up Repertory Grid interview. Four of these 21 subjects were randomly selected and interviewed, producing RepGrid templates that were analyzed for both inter-subject and intra-subject patterns. Most interviewed subjects stated motivation more than once as a construct, as well as identified a math teacher as an element in their success in the subject. The ninth-grade subject identified a peer as an element in their math success, and two subjects described emotional connections and states of being as enabling or driving their success in math.
Abstract
This study explains the interaction between methylene blue (MB) dyes, a cationic dye with an Ionic liquid, 1-butylpyridinium bromide. The studies have been reported in the presence of a wide range of IL concentrations, and the dimerization constant, KD of the dye in aqueous media and the geometry of the dye aggregates. Increasing concentration of IL resulted in lowering of KD which also leads to forming other higher aggregates. The fractions of monomer (α), molar absorptivity of the dimer (E_H and E_J), twist angle (θ1), tilt angle(θ2) and the distance between two monomer species (R) of the dye aggregates have been computed in the light of the Molecular Exciton Theory. The overall geometry of the aggregates would tend to be distorted H- aggregates with slight changes impacted by the presence of the Ionic liquid. Similarly, the reconstructed graph for spectra of monomer and dimer species of MB dye was done using KD values where the results have been analyzed using Molecular Exciton Theory. The calculation of twist and tilt angles shows that both angles decrease with increase in ILs concentration. There was slight deviation from the exact parallel stacking arrangement of dye molecular planes which means the dimer has sandwich structure according to the obtained results. Thus this explains the importance of both hydrophobic and dispersive forces in the dye aggregates formation.
Key Words: KD, Tilt angle, Molar absorptivity of the dimer, Twist angle, Molecular Exciton Theory
Gold mining remains one of the main economic activities in Ituri Province, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, persistent insecurity and the implementation of the state of siege since May 2021 have raised concerns regarding the effectiveness of legal mechanisms designed to ensure gold traceability and mining governance. This study examines the effectiveness of legal and institutional gold traceability mechanisms under the state of siege in Ituri Province.
The research adopts a mixed-methods approach combining documentary analysis, questionnaire surveys, interviews, and direct observation. Data were collected from state mining services, artisanal miners, local communities, and civil society organizations. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS, while qualitative information was analyzed through thematic analysis.
The findings reveal a significant gap between the existing legal framework and its practical implementation. Despite the existence of formal traceability mechanisms, respondents reported the persistence of informal trading channels, weaknesses in administrative controls, and challenges in verifying the origin of gold production. The study also highlights the continuing influence of insecurity, armed groups, and smuggling practices on the effectiveness of traceability systems.
The research concludes that the state of siege alone has not resolved the major constraints affecting mining governance in Ituri. Strengthening the effectiveness of traceability mechanisms requires improved institutional capacity, enhanced inter-agency coordination, greater community participation, and sustainable security improvements in mining areas.
Keywords: Gold Traceability; Mining Governance; State of Siege; Ituri; Democratic Republic of the Congo..
This article examines the historical dynamics of the slave trade and ivory commerce in the Kasongo territory, located in Maniema Province (Democratic Republic of Congo), during the 19th century. Drawing on historical sources, colonial archives, and recent archaeological studies, it highlights the interdependence between slavery and ivory trade in the region. Kasongo, as a strategic hub, was integrated into Arab and Swahili trade networks linking the interior of the Congo to Indian Ocean markets. The study analyzes caravan organization, the roles of local elites and foreign merchants, and the demographic, social, and environmental impacts of these activities. It also demonstrates how the gradual decline of trade networks due to ivory depletion, demographic pressures, and colonial interventions left lasting legacies on local societies and collective memory.
Keywords : historical dynamic, ivory, trade, Independence, caravan organization
The present research paper focuses on the analysis of communication between school and family through the use of the communication notebook. It starts from the observation that this tool, supposed to serve as a bridge between teachers, school administration and parents, sometimes seems to function more as a means of transmitting downward information than as a real space for reciprocal exchange. Thus, the present study attempts to analyze the functioning of the communication notebook in the school-family relationship, in order to assess the nature of the messages exchanged, their orientation, their volume, their themes as well as the effective existence of feedback between the two parties. To do this, the study is part of a mixed approach, combining the quantitative analysis of the messages written in the notebooks and a qualitative reading of their content, taking into account the teaching sector, the degree, the direction of the exchanges, the themes addressed and the reactions observed. The results show that private schools have a higher average number of messages than public schools. However, exchanges remain largely dominated by school, with messages going mainly from school to family. The contents mainly focus on educational aspects, followed by logistical or administrative information. The reaction of parents remains generally weak, but when it becomes active, it mainly comes from families, especially around educational issues. Thus, the communication notebook appears to be a useful tool, but still insufficiently exploited as a real instrument of school-family collaboration.
Keywords: school-family communication; communication notebook; parental feedback.
L’objectif de ce papier est de présenter successivement les traitements comptables des subventions d’investissement en SYSCOHADA et IAS/IFRS, et ensuite faire une analyse comparative de ces traitements par l’approche comparative fondée sur la méthode FFOM. Après l’analyse comparative, les résultats démontrent que, bien que les deux traitements présentent les similitudes et divergences, le traitement selon OHADA présente une approche stable et uniforme, facile à appliquer et donne une vision très conservatrice. Tandis que celui de IAS/IFRS, bien qu’il est flexible dans la présentation, il reste plus complexe pour certaines entreprises, et présente le risque de manipulation selon la méthode choisie.
This study investigates how Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance (CPM) contribute to enhancing the sustainability of buildings. CPM is a methodology that leverages sophisticated sensors and analytical data to predict and avert equipment malfunctions, thereby promoting the seamless and efficient operation of systems. By examining practical examples, it becomes evident that CPM offers advantages such as energy conservation, lower maintenance expenses, and prolonging the durability of building elements. In the current rapidly evolving industrial environment, the significance of implementing proactive maintenance strategies is crucial. Predictive maintenance, facilitated by advanced edge computing and condition monitoring technologies, has become an effective means to enhance equipment efficiency, maximize operational uptime, and lower maintenance expenses. Despite this, many companies still depend on outdated maintenance practices that focus on addressing issues after they arise instead of preventing them. condition monitoring and predictive maintenance signify a pivotal change from this traditional reactive methodology. By consistently assessing the health of their equipment and leveraging data-driven insights, organizations can avert expensive failures, prolong the lifespan of their assets, and enhance their maintenance schedules. Condition monitoring and predictive maintenance signify a pivotal transformation in asset management practices for organizations. The advantages—such as lowered expenses, enhanced reliability, improved safety, and streamlined operations—render these technologies indispensable for gaining a competitive edge.
This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents, nutritional composition, mineral profile, and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful Kola). Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted using methanol for phytochemical and antioxidant analyses, while standard AOAC methods were employed for proximate and mineral evaluation. Qualitative screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols, while alkaloids and phlobatannins were absent. Quantitative analysis showed appreciable levels of phenols (14.86 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g), cardiac glycosides (9.83 ± 0.74 mg/g), saponins (7.71 ± 0.64 mg/g), and tannins (6.43 ± 0.96 mg TAE/g). The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with a DPPH radical scavenging value of 89.19 ± 0.48%. Proximate analysis indicated high carbohydrate content (69.16%), moderate protein (12.52%), and low fat (3.20%), suggesting good nutritional value. Mineral assessment identified potassium (84.06 ppm), calcium (61.92 ppm), and magnesium (36.11 ppm) as the predominant elements. The findings demonstrate that Buchholzia coriacea leaves are rich in bioactive compounds, possess remarkable antioxidant potential, and contain essential nutrients and minerals, supporting their potential use in nutraceutical, functional food, and pharmaceutical applications.
The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has made device identity management a core security and privacy requirement. Centralized identity systems remain common, but they expose IoT ecosystems to single points of failure, unauthorized access, data breaches, weak autonomy and poor scalability. This article presents a concise journal-style synthesis of a dissertation that developed a privacy-preserving authentication framework for IoT devices using blockchain and self-sovereign identity (SSI). Using a mixed-methods, descriptive and design-oriented approach, the study collected 92 valid questionnaire responses from IoT administrators, developers, blockchain experts and industry specialists. The findings show strong support for decentralized identity management, although adoption is constrained by latency, limited device resources, energy consumption, lack of standardization and integration complexity. The proposed MobiChain IoT Identity Framework uses decentralized identifiers, verifiable credentials, edge-assisted verification, consortium blockchain anchoring, revocation registries and short-lived capability tokens. Sensitive identity attributes remain off-chain, while the blockchain functions as a trust, verification and audit layer.
This study examines the contributions of early Arab scholars and *Tajweed* (Quranic recitation) scholars to the field of phonetics. It focuses on specific themes—namely, their methodology for studying consonants and the origins of this specialization—within a timeframe spanning from the first to the fifth century AH. The study highlights the early emergence of phonetic specialization among Arabs, noting that independent works on phonetics were authored as early as the fourth century AH. Titled "Contributions of Arab Scholars to Phonetic Studies (1st–5th Century AH): An Approach to Methodology and the Origins of Specialization," the study comprises an introduction, two main sections, and a conclusion. The first section, "Their Methodology for Studying Consonants," consists of three subsections, while the second, "Specialization in Phonetic Studies," comprises two subsections. The study concludes with a summary of key findings and recommendations. Among the findings is that phonetic specialization among Arabs began in the fourth century AH, with the first two independent works on phonetics being *Sirr Sina‘at al-I‘rab* by Abu al-Fath Uthman ibn Jinni and *Al-Ri‘ayah* by Makki ibn Abi Talib al-Qaysi. The study recommends prioritizing research that links linguistic studies with Quranic studies within universities and specialized research centers.
The study aimed at assessing the urban growth and their impacts on waste management in peri-urban area from 2015 up to 2025 in Nduba sector, addressing the critical problem where rapid expansion drives informal disposal practices due to severely limited infrastructure. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining spatial Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) mapping with qualitative key informant interviews and quantitative surveys from 398 households. To address the first objective, spatial analysis revealed rapid urban growth, marked by an explosive 600.25% surge in built-up areas from 2015 to 2020 and a sharp 15.43% decline in vegetation by 2025. For the second objective, evaluation of existing systems identified high community awareness but critical challenges, with 86.9% of respondents agreeing that irregular collection coverage and inadequate disposal infrastructure directly trigger widespread illegal dumping. Regarding the third objective, chi-square and regression analyses confirmed a powerful relationship between urban growth and waste management practices (R = 0.689, p < 0.001), with infrastructure development and service access emerging as the most dominant predictors (β = 0.358). The study concludes that rapid, unmanaged peri-urban growth heavily outpaces municipal logistics, proving that sanitation efficiency is an absolute function of proactive urban governance rather than isolated disposal fixes. It is recommended that local authorities integrate synchronized land-use planning, prioritize targeted investments in transport and collection infrastructure, and provide institutional support to translate high community awareness into sustained civic participation.
Several algorithms suggested to maintain constant false alarm rate (CFAR) in nonhomogeneous RADAR environments, such as closely multiple target situations and clutter edge environments, have been proposed but rarely consider closely multiple targets inside clutter clouds, which represent the worst radar environment. The variable index VI-CFAR detector that combines cell averaged CA-CFAR, greatest of GO-CFAR, and smallest of SO-CFAR shows good performance in homogeneous environments, but this composite approach not successful in inhomogeneous environments because there is no spike rejecting algorithm. In order to overcome this problem, a new algorithm of the spike eliminator constant false alarm rate (SE-CFAR) is used to construct the spike eliminator variable index SEVI-CFAR. The proposed method of spike eliminator is combined with the variable index algorithm to adapt to all radar environments. Selection of the reference cells and the background estimation is based on the ratio of the means of the reference windows two half and on the variability index (VI) values calculated for the leading and lagging reference windows to decide if the environment is homogeneous, contains multiple targets, or contains an extended clutter edge. Based on the decision, the proper method will be used. The SEVI-CFAR processor detects nine targets from ten that means the efficiency of detection of the proposed method is 90%. Also provides low loss constant false alarm rate performance in a homogeneous environment and also performs robustly in non-homogeneous environments including multiple targets and clutter cloud
Since 2014, the East African Community (EAC) has achieved robust economic growth averaging 5.7%, but this has not translated into inclusive development or progress toward Sustainable Development Goals. This compre-hensive assessment of the region’s innovation and technology transfer ecosystems, covering approximately 300 million people and a USD 240 billion Gross Domestic Product (GDP), used mixed methods, including global innovation indices and qualitative policy reviews. Data collected between 2022 and 2026 involved desk reviews, primary data from six countries, and stakeholder consultations. The findings show the EAC hosts 1,196 docu-mented start-ups that raised USD 2.3 billion (2019–2022) and is emerging as a leader in adopting AI and frontier technologies. However, no EAC Partner State ranks in the global top 100 for frontier tech readiness. Major gaps include fragmented innovation policies, outdated frameworks misaligned with SDGs, skills shortages, male-dominated leadership, and funding focused more on research than commercialization. Weak links among aca-demia, industry, and government, along with limited Intellectual Property (IP) use, further hinder regional inno-vation. Opportunities exist following the 2026 EAC Declaration on Artificial Intelligence (AI), which aims to establish a Regional AI Fund, a Centre of Excellence, and shared digital infrastructure. AI could add up to USD 1 trillion to Africa’s GDP by 2035 and create 40 million jobs. To achieve this, the EAC must harmonize policies, strengthen institutions, expand ecosystem support, improve financing, and implement inclusive, gender-responsive AI strategies. The study informs a Regional Innovation Strategy to guide targeted interventions across Partner States.
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