Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study examines the impact of FinTech adoption on the sustainable development of banks, with a particular focus on Bank Muscat in Oman. The objective of the study is to investigate how the implementation of financial technology contributes to improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, enhancing customer satisfaction, and supporting the long-term sustainability of banking operations. A descriptive research design was employed, and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to Bank Muscat customers and employees. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, including frequencies and percentages, to evaluate respondents’ perceptions of FinTech adoption and its effectiveness. The findings reveal that FinTech adoption has a positive impact on the sustainable development of Bank Muscat. Most respondents agreed that FinTech technologies improve operational efficiency, reduce transaction and administrative costs, enhance the quality of banking services, and provide greater convenience for customers. Furthermore, the results indicate that digital financial services promote innovation, increase accessibility, and strengthen the bank’s competitiveness, which are essential factors for sustainable growth. The study concludes that FinTech plays a significant role in supporting the sustainable development of Bank Muscat by improving banking performance and customer experience while fostering innovation and long-term sustainability. Therefore, continued investment in FinTech solutions and digital infrastructure is recommended to maintain competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth in the banking sector.
This qualitative study, titled “Teaching in the Digital Age: Experiences of Sta. Magdalena Senior High School Teachers in Using Multimedia Technologies in Classroom Instruction,” explored the lived experiences of Senior High School teachers in integrating multimedia technologies into their teaching practices. The study aimed to describe teachers’ profiles, examine their experiences, identify challenges encountered, determine perceived benefits, explore their coping mechanisms and professional development, and propose an instructional enhancement plan to strengthen multimedia integration in education.
Findings revealed that teachers varied in age, sex, specialization, and teaching experience, which influenced their level of familiarity and adaptability to multimedia technologies. Overall, teachers reported positive experiences, noting that multimedia tools enhanced student engagement, improved lesson delivery, and deepened learners’ understanding of concepts. However, these benefits were accompanied by significant challenges, including limited access to functional technological resources, unstable internet connectivity, insufficient training, and time constraints in preparing multimedia-based lessons. Despite these difficulties, teachers recognized multimedia technologies as valuable tools for creating interactive and motivating learning environments, although their effectiveness remained dependent on resource availability and technical stability.
Teachers developed their competencies through hands-on practice, peer collaboration, and participation in professional development activities, which contributed to their growing confidence and instructional improvement. Based on these findings, it was concluded that multimedia technologies significantly enhance teaching effectiveness and learner engagement, but their successful integration depends on both internal readiness and external support systems.
The study recommends strengthening school infrastructure, improving internet connectivity, and ensuring the availability of functional digital tools. It also emphasizes the need for continuous professional development, peer mentoring, and collaborative learning among teachers. Furthermore, institutional policies and support systems should be established to address technical and workload-related challenges. Overall, the study highlights the importance of sustained institutional support in maximizing the benefits of multimedia technologies in modern classroom instruction.
This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of eleven (11) Senior High School teachers at Dinapa National High School during School Year 2025–2026 as they navigated the challenges of digital transformation in education. The study aimed to understand their experiences, identify barriers, examine the effects on their professional well-being, explore coping mechanisms, and propose an appropriate institutional support framework. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Findings revealed that teachers perceived digital transformation as both beneficial and challenging, enhancing student engagement and instructional delivery while being constrained by unstable internet connectivity and limited technological resources. Participants encountered external barriers such as inadequate infrastructure, power interruptions, and insufficient digital tools, as well as internal barriers including limited digital literacy, lack of confidence, and insufficient practical training. These challenges negatively affected teachers’ workload, time management, stress levels, and confidence, although improved efficiency and job satisfaction were experienced when technology functioned effectively.
Teachers adopted coping strategies such as peer collaboration, self-directed learning, and personal investment in devices and skills development. Despite these efforts, participants emphasized the need for stronger institutional support to ensure effective integration of multimedia and digital tools in teaching practices.
Based on the findings, an institutional support framework is recommended that prioritizes infrastructure improvement, provision of adequate resources, hands-on training, peer mentoring, and continuous professional development. The study concludes that while digital transformation offers significant instructional benefits, its success largely depends on adequate support systems and teacher preparedness. Strengthening institutional mechanisms is essential to enhance teachers’ digital competence, well-being, and instructional effectiveness in a rapidly evolving educational environment.
This project focuses on the mapping of government infrastructures in Afikpo Urban, Ebonyi State, using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The study was motivated by the need for accurate and up-to-date spatial information on infrastructures such as schools, health centers, police stations, banks, and other public facilities, which are essential for planning, development, and decision-making. Field data were acquired using a handheld GPS receiver to capture the coordinates of identified infrastructures. The data collected were processed with the aid of computer applications including ArcGIS, Google Earth, and Microsoft Excel, while attribute information was recorded in a field notebook. A base map of the study area was prepared, georeferenced, and digitized to produce a spatially accurate representation of the infrastructures. The results of the study include a digital map showing the spatial distribution of government infrastructures in Afikpo Urban. The analysis revealed that most infrastructures are concentrated around major roads and the Eke Market axis, while some areas remain underserved. This distribution has important implications for future planning, accessibility, and equitable allocation of resources. The study demonstrates the relevance of GIS in infrastructure mapping and provides a reliable database for government agencies, planners, and researchers. It also highlights the need for regular updates to maintain accurate records of infrastructures for sustainable development.
This study evaluates the effect of zirconium silicate addition on the thermophysical properties of bentonite clay based ceramic composites at elevated temperatures. Bentonite clay was blended with zirconium silicate at different proportions to obtain C100, C80Z20, C60Z40, C50Z50, C40Z60, C20Z80, and Z100 compositions, where C and Z denote bentonite clay and zirconium silicate, respectively. The samples were sintered between 1100 and 1600°C, and their bulk density, refractoriness, thermal conductivity, water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, modulus of rupture, and cold crushing strength were assessed. Results show that zirconium silicate addition generally increased thermal conductivity, reduced water absorption, and improved mechanical strength relative to bentonite clay. Thermal conductivity increased from 1.31–1.58 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ for C100 to 1.72–2.02 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ for C20Z80 and 1.85–2.10 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ for Z100. The C50Z50 and C20Z80 compositions showed the best balance of thermal conductivity, refractoriness, densification, and strength at high temperatures. However, C40Z60 showed a refractoriness drop above 1300°C, indicating that not all zirconium silicate additions produce stable refractory behaviour. The results demonstrate that controlled zirconium silicate addition can transform bentonite clay into a more thermally conductive, mechanically stronger, and refractory ceramic material suitable for furnace components, technical ceramics, refractory tiles, and high temperature structural applications.
Aortic stenosis is increasingly treated using bioprosthetic heart valves, though their long-term bio durability still remains limited by structural deterioration that is associated with progressive calcification. this is mainly in context to younger patients who often necessitate early reintervention. Valve calcification is now known as a biologically regulated process rather than one that’s purely degenerative. It involves osteogenic signaling, inflammatory pathways and not maintaining pyrophosphate levels. Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) plays a central role in this process by hydrolyzing pyrophosphate. It is a key inhibitor of mineral deposition, making it a relative molecular target in bioprosthetic valve calcification.
This study investigates TNAP in the context of valve failure; whether bisphosphonates: Etidronate, Alendronate and Clodronate can inhibit TNAP activity since they are structurally like pyrophosphate. Docking analysis suggested binding at TNAP's catalytic site, consistent with competitive inhibition of its function. Unbiased in silico molecular docking was performed using AutoDock vina via PyRx on TNAP (PBD ID: 1EW2). The binding affinity, ligand position and interaction regions across the enzyme surface were assessed.
All three bisphosphonates showed stable binding within TNAP's catalytic pocket. Etidronate and Alendronate exhibited the strongest binding affinities of ( -5.5 kcal/mol) followed by Clodronate ( -5.1 kcal/mol), supporting competitive inhibition. Moreover, secondary regions were identified, raising a possibility of non-competitive interactions for TNAP inhibition.
Although limited to an in-silico approach, this study helps clarify TNAP inhibition in bioprosthetic valve calcification and highlights specific interactions that need experimental validation.
This study analyzes the dynamic effects of economic sectors and industrial policies on economic development in the Democratic Republic of Congo over the period 1985-2024. The main objective is to identify sectoral factors and industrial policy instruments that significantly influence real GDP per capita growth. Annual data obtained from the World Bank are analyzed using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to examine the dynamic interactions among the selected variables.
The findings reveal that mining rents, agricultural productivity, manufacturing value added and foreign direct investment in manufacturing positively and significantly affect economic development. Manufacturing value added emerges as the most important sectoral driver of growth, while manufacturing foreign direct investment represents the most influential industrial policy variable. Conversely, variables related to services, electricity consumption and industrial infrastructure display statistically insignificant effects.
Granger causality tests confirm the existence of dynamic relationships between several economic sectors, industrial policy variables and economic development. The study concludes that accelerating economic development in the Democratic Republic of Congo requires stronger industrialization policies, productive diversification, an improved business environment and increased attraction of productive investments.
This study, conducted at the University of Kindu, investigated the impact of substituting wheat flour with sweet potato starch on the organoleptic qualities of bread. The central hypothesis was that partial substitution could influence sensory attributes such as taste, color, odor, and texture. The objective was to determine the extent to which sweet potato starch could replace wheat flour while maintaining acceptable bread quality and nutritional value. The research also aimed to promote local product consumption, reduce foreign currency expenditure, and improve living conditions in Kindu. Experimental results revealed that substitution levels between 10% and 25% did not produce significant differences in bread’s sensory qualities. Therefore, wheat flour can be replaced by sweet potato starch up to 25% without adversely affecting bread’s taste, color, odor, or consistency.
Keywords : Sweet potato starch,Wheat flour substitution, Organoleptic qualities, Brea
This study, conducted at the University of Kisangani, examined the effect of substituting wheat flour with cassava starch on the organoleptic qualities of bread. The objective was to evaluate how different substitution levels influence sensory and nutritional attributes, and to determine the maximum proportion of cassava starch that can be used while maintaining acceptable bread quality in terms of taste, color, odor, and texture. The findings revealed that bread samples (P1–P5) showed variations in sensory averages: P1 had the highest color score, followed by P2, P3, P4, and P5; taste averages for P1–P4 were nearly identical, with P5 slightly lower; odor averages across samples were almost equal; consistency was best in P1, followed by P2–P4 with similar values, and finally P5. Moisture content decreased progressively with substitution, and protein content declined as cassava starch proportions increased. However, statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in color, taste, odor, or texture among the samples. These results suggest that partial substitution of wheat flour with cassava starch can be achieved without compromising bread’s sensory qualities.
Keywords : Cassava starch, Wheat flour substitution, Organoleptic qualities, Bread preparation, Kisangan
Since 2002, the DRC has experienced an increase in its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Despite this performance, the overall trend in unemployment is clearly upward. In light of this situation, this research aims to determine not only the economic growth threshold at which the unemployment rate begins to decline in the DRC, but also the economic growth threshold that allows for a 50% reduction in unemployment each year until 2032 in the DRC. The research covers the period 2002-2024. After analysis, the results reveal that the GDP per capita threshold at which unemployment begins to decrease is US$470,853. Conversely, the economic growth threshold that allows for a reduction of at least 50% of unemployed individuals each year until 2032 lies within the range of 20% to 25%. The initial approach is primarily econometric, employing a simple threshold effects model. The second is a forecast, based on projected economic growth rates. In light of the study's findings, Congolese policymakers can consider economic diversification specific to the DRC with the aim of reaching the economic growth threshold that would significantly reduce unemployment.
Keywords: economic growth, unemployment, and threshold effect model.
Since 2002, the Democratic Republic of Congo has returned to economic growth after the recession of the 1990s. Despite this economic recovery, unemployment has been steadily rising. In light of this situation, this research aims to analyze the impact of economic growth on unemployment in the DRC. It covers the period from 2002 to 2024. The results of the analysis reveal that economic growth only impacts unemployment in the long term. The approach is econometric and uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Based on the study's findings, Congolese policymakers can consider creating a Congolese financial market to boost the economy and hopefully achieve the level of production necessary to significantly reduce unemployment in the DRC in both the short and long term.
Keywords : economic growth, unemployment, Auto Regressive Distributed, and Lag model.
This study investigates the prediction of companies financial distress using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique with financial and non-financial data. The research key objectives are to evaluate the mixture of financial and non-financial data in AI financial distress predictions, to compared AI models with traditional distress prediction approaches, to assess the accuracy of different AI models, and to frame guidelines for AI models in regard to monitoring and prevention of financial distress. Moreover, a mixed methods research design is utilized, which involved an existing literature review and primary data collection through a questionnaire. Additionally, the research collected data from 30 non-financial companies that are quoted on the Muscat Stock exchange (MSX). Furthermore, the results show that monetary and non-monetary data are useful for improving the financial distress prediction. Participants also emphasize the need to ensure interpretability and transparency alongside predictive power with the deployment of AI systems. Machine Learning (ML) is most commonly viewed as the most relevant and accurate technique of AI, while Deep Learning (DL) is believed to handle large and complex datasets. Additionally, the suggested guidelines are explainability and transparency, preceded by governance and accountability, data quality, privacy, and human oversight. Based upon the justifications, the study suggests managers to adopt AI models, investors to leverage AI for signs, and regulators to build a governance framework for AI. Finally future research can investigate a standard AI governance framework for financial distress surveillance and management.
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on human resource management (HRM) strategy at the General Directorate of Customs and Excise (DGDA) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The objective is to understand how technological innovations reconfigure HR practices, organizational culture, and administrative governance within a strategic public institution. The research is situated in the context of public sector modernization in the DRC, marked by low digital literacy, bureaucratic rigidities, and an increasing dependence on digital tools for customs management.
The methodology is qualitative and exploratory, based on documentary analysis and a literature review (2018–2025), structured around three theoretical frameworks: human capital theory, contingency theory, and sociotechnical theory. Thematic analysis reveals three main axes: digital transformation as a driver of organizational reconfiguration, the evolution of HR practices and competencies, as well as cultural and managerial challenges related to digital governance.
Findings indicate that digitization strengthens the strategic role of the HR function, reshapes recruitment, training and performance evaluation systems, while raising challenges related to resistance to change, skills adaptation, and inter‑departmental coordination. The discussion stresses the need for DGDA to adopt an integrated digital HR strategy, grounded in continuous training, employee participation, and the alignment of technical and social systems.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the informal sector is the primary source of employment, accounting for nearly 85% of the active workforce. In Lubumbashi, it plays a central role in the local economy. However, this importance contrasts with the weakness of human resource management (HRM) practices, which remain largely informal, thereby limiting productivity and increasing workers’ social vulnerability (World Bank, 2023; ILO, 2023).
In this context, the present study seeks to address the lack of localized empirical research, particularly in the Kasapa area. Its main objective is to examine the challenges related to work motivation and social protection, as well as their relationship with workers’ level of education.
The study focuses on informal workers operating in kiosks, workshops, salons, and shops located in Avenue Église and Moise markets. It is based on a cross-sectional quantitative survey conducted among 150 respondents using a structured dichotomous questionnaire. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential methods, including the chi-square test, with R software (version 4.3.2), based on a stratified purposive sampling approach.
The findings reveal a high level of demotivation (82.7%) and limited access to social protection (66%). Furthermore, statistically significant relationships were found between education level and motivation (χ² = 19.041; p = 0.001), as well as between education level and social protection (χ² = 11.812; p = 0.008).
These results highlight the need to develop context-specific HRM policies aimed at improving working conditions and supporting the gradual formalization of the informal sector.
FINANCIAL REPORTS IN NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, COMPARATIVE ASPECT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA, THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO AND THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA
The African Great Lakes region has become a major geostrategic area due to its vast reserves of critical mineral resources, including cobalt, coltan, gold, copper, lithium, and rare earth elements. In the context of the global energy transition, digital transformation, and industrial restructuring, these resources have become the focus of growing competition among major powers, particularly the United States, China, the European Union, Russia, and several emerging economies. This article examines the dynamics of this international competition and its political, economic, security, and social implications in the Great Lakes region, with particular emphasis on the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The study adopts a geopolitical perspective and relies on documentary analysis to investigate the strategies employed by international actors to secure access to strategic minerals. The findings reveal that while international rivalry attracts foreign investment and stimulates economic opportunities, it also intensifies geopolitical tensions, contributes to the persistence of armed conflicts, weakens state institutions, and encourages illicit exploitation of natural resources. At the same time, these dynamics offer significant opportunities for economic development and regional integration, provided that governments strengthen mining governance and regional cooperation mechanisms.
The article concludes that the sustainable management of mineral resources in the Great Lakes region depends on the ability of states to balance national interests with the challenges of globalization while ensuring transparency, security, and inclusive development for local communities.
Keywords: Mineral Resources; Major Powers; International Competition; Geopolitics; Great Lakes Region; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Strategic Minerals; Resource Governance.
This article examines the global dynamics of natural resources and the international rivalries unfolding in the African Great Lakes region, a strategic area endowed with abundant critical minerals such as cobalt, coltan, lithium, gold, and rare earth elements. In the context of the global energy transition, digital transformation, and increasing competition among major powers, these resources have become a key issue of economic security and geopolitics.
The study explores the interests and strategies of major international actors, including the United States, China, the European Union, and regional powers, in accessing, controlling, and securing strategic mineral supply chains. It highlights the interactions between global resource market dynamics, state policies, and the governance challenges facing the region.
To do this, the study used the strategic analysis of Michel Crozier. This method was supported by the documentary technique, the indirect observation technique and content analysis in its qualitative dimension.
The findings reveal that the Great Lakes region has become a central arena of international competition over critical resources. While this situation creates opportunities for economic development, it also generates risks related to political instability, armed conflicts, and illicit resource exploitation. The article concludes that the sustainable management of mineral resources requires stronger governance mechanisms, enhanced regional cooperation, and greater economic sovereignty to transform mineral wealth into a driver of development and regional stability.
Key words: Critical Minerals; Geopolitics; International Rivalries; Great Lakes Region; Energy Transition; Resource Governance; Strategic Security.
Recent studies on the brewing market in Kisangani highlight a persistent gap between industrial production capacity and consumer accessibility. Stock shortages, aggravated by the geographical isolation of the Tshopo province, have contributed to making beer a quasi-luxury product. Within this context, the present research seeks to analyze the Boyomais market by examining its characteristics, challenges, and future prospects. Based on a randomized sample of 91 consumers, surveyed through a Kobocollect questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS v.27, the findings reveal a typical consumer profile marked by occasional consumption, primarily motivated by taste (58.2%). Bars and terraces remain the preferred consumption spaces for 63.7% of respondents. From an economic perspective, limited purchasing power emerges as a major constraint: 69.2% of participants spend less than 10,000 Congolese francs per week on beer. Nevertheless, nearly 80% of respondents consider product accessibility satisfactory, indicating a certain resilience of the market. Looking ahead to 2030, consumer perceptions are optimistic, with 58.3% anticipating a continuous expansion in consumption volume. Overall, the Kisangani beer market is defined by taste-driven demand, constrained by economic and logistical factors, yet sustained by a forward-looking vision of growth.
Key words : Brewing market, Industrial beer, Consumption
This article provides a literature review devoted to beer consumption, the dynamics of the brewing market and the factors that guide consumer behavior. Beer is not just a food product or an alcoholic beverage; it is also a commercial good, an object of sociability, a marker of identity and sometimes a support of social distinction. Based on contributions from consumer psychology, marketing, the sociology of consumption and studies on alcohol, the article examines the economic, cultural, social, personal, psychological and marketing determinants which intervene in the choice of a beer. The review highlights the role of product, price, availability, communication, brand image, reference groups, consumption habits and motivations. It also shows that beer consumption must be analyzed with caution, because alcohol remains a product with health and social risks, even when it is studied as a market good. The case of Castel Beer, often positioned as a premium beer in the Democratic Republic of Congo, serves as an illustration to think about the tensions between brand strategy, purchasing power, local attachment and the search for social recognition. The article concludes that beer consumer behavior results from a complex combination between perceived utility, economic constraints, social norms and symbolic meanings.
Keywords: Beer; brewing market; consumer behavior; marketing mix; psychological price; brand ; alcohol consumption;
Over the past sixty years, tourism has grown and diversified continuously. It has become one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors in the world. Thomas Cook had already grasped the economic importance of tourism and is considered its pioneer as a commercial activity. He didn't hesitate to create the world's first travel agencies in 1841. He grouped travelers together to obtain discounts on rail transport and offered services such as dining and entertainment.
Currently, tourism is considered by all informed observers to be a major economic force and one of the main sources of job creation worldwide. It is among the sectors of the global economy experiencing strong growth, capitalizing on its tourism assets to generate revenue.
Belgium welcomes approximately 10 million tourists each year, including more than 6 million international tourists. Easy access, a dense public transport network, and proximity to tourist attractions make Belgium a popular destination for European holidaymakers. Belgium offers a wealth of excursion ideas, including caves, wildlife parks, amusement parks, museums, interpretation centers, and more. Several recent decisions have shaped tourism programs, particularly in Wallonia. A decree adopted in February 2024 replaced the previous code and introduced major reforms: the creation of two public bodies: Tourisme Wallonie (regulation and support) and VISIT Wallonia (promotion and marketing); the Walloon Strategic Plan 2023–2027, within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), includes the LEADER measure, which funds local tourism initiatives
Keywords: Governance, Local Governance, Tourist Site Maintenance and Tourism
This study analyzes the solutions considered by managers of tourist sites to improve the governance of tourist sites in Kisangani. It was observed that despite the existence of public institutions responsible for tourism and local governance, the public policies implemented to ensure the maintenance and management of tourist sites appear to produce limited results. This reality raises questions about the effectiveness of local governance mechanisms, the mobilization of financial resources, the coordination between public and private actors, and the level of involvement of local communities in the protection of tourism heritage. Based on this observation, the following question was posed: What solutions are considered by the managers of these sites to improve the governance of tourist sites in Kisangani? We determined that the solutions considered by the managers of these sites to improve the governance of tourist sites in Kisangani include highlighting the assets of the sites, defining clear and coherent tourism development strategies, improving site accessibility, strengthening institutional capacities, allocating sufficient public budgets, and community participation. To collect the data, we used documentary research, semi-structured interviews, and detached direct observation, while data processing was facilitated by qualitative and quantitative content analysis. After analysis, 81.1% acknowledged the importance of developing tourist sites; 50.6% proposed the definition of clear and coherent tourism development strategies; 53.3% emphasized the need for institutional capacity building; 88.3% supported the allocation of sufficient public funds; and 50.6% confirmed community participation.
Keywords: Tourist site, strategy, tourism, governance, and Kisangani
This research examines the formulation of learning objectives at Salama University of Aru (Democratic Republic of Congo) within the LMD system, which is based on a competency-based approach. Through a content analysis of 15 syllabi (110 objectives) and a questionnaire survey of the 15 teachers involved, the study shows that 68.2% of the objectives reflect a knowledge-based logic (mostly factual recall), whereas only 31.8% are truly competency-oriented. Furthermore, 73.3% of teachers report difficulties in formulating competency-based objectives, mainly due to a lack of training (66.7%) and the absence of disciplinary reference frameworks (46.7%). These findings, discussed in light of Biggs (2003), Tardif (2006), and recent studies in the African context, confirm a significant gap between LMD prescriptions and actual classroom practices. The article discusses the implications of this misalignment for student learning and offers systemic recommendations: mandatory continuing teacher training, participatory development of contextualised competency frameworks, the creation of a pedagogical support unit, and a review of institutional assessment policies.
Keywords : Learning objectives; competencies; LMD system; pedagogical alignment; revised Bloom’s taxonomy.
Abstract
The maximization of public revenue constitutes a major challenge for the economic and administrative development of provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This article analyzes the mechanisms for revenue mobilization within the General Directorate of Revenue of Ituri Province, with particular emphasis on strategies capable of improving fiscal and parafiscal performance. The study highlights the main constraints hindering the effectiveness of revenue collection, including tax fraud, insufficient control mechanisms, corruption, tax incivism, and the weak digitalization of administrative services. Using an analytical and descriptive approach, the article demonstrates that the modernization of collection procedures, the strengthening of staff capacities, taxpayer awareness campaigns, and the establishment of a transparent management system are essential levers for increasing provincial financial resources. The findings reveal that a significant improvement in revenue collection can be achieved through the integration of digital technologies, the broadening of the tax base, and improved administrative governance.
The article concludes that the maximization of public revenue represents not only an instrument for strengthening provincial financial autonomy, but also a determining factor for financing infrastructure, social services, and the sustainable development of Ituri Province. Practical recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of the revenue mobilization system and to promote more effective and transparent public management.
Key words: Management, financial autonomy, economic growth, DGRPI
This study focuses on tariff changes and the collection of excise revenues at the General Directorate of Customs and Excise (DGDA), Ituri Province, from 2001 to 2016. It is based on the observation that successive modifications of excise duty rates had varying effects on the level of revenues mobilized by the customs administration. The main issue addressed is to determine the extent to which tariff changes influenced the DGDA’s performance in collecting excise revenues during the period under study.
The principal objective of this research is to analyze the impact of tariff changes on the evolution of excise revenues in Ituri Province. More specifically, it seeks to identify the different tariff reforms implemented between 2001 and 2016 and to assess their effects on the fiscal performance of the DGDA.
To achieve these objectives, the study employed descriptive and analytical methods, supported by documentary, statistical, and interview techniques. These approaches made it possible to collect, process, and interpret data relating to the applicable tariff rates and the revenues actually collected. The findings of the study reveal that tariff changes had a significant influence on the level of excise revenues. Increases or adjustments in tariff rates generally contributed to higher revenue collection, although this effect was sometimes constrained by factors such as customs fraud, inadequate control mechanisms, and economic instability. The study concludes that the effectiveness of tariff reforms depends not only on the relevance of the rates applied but also on strengthening the administrative capacity of the DGDA in mobilizing and safeguarding public revenues.
Keywords: Tariff Changes, Tariff Rates, Excise Duties, Revenue Collection, DGDA..
This study investigates the coherence between learning objectives formulated by teachers and the assessment methods they implement within the LMD (Bachelor-Master-Doctorate) system at Bunia University (Democratic Republic of Congo). While pedagogical alignment constitutes a major theoretical foundation of the competency-based approach (CBA), few empirical studies have systematically measured its effective implementation in Congolese universities. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic analysis of 15 syllabi and their corresponding final examinations, and administered a questionnaire to the 15 course instructors. Three independent judges, previously trained in the use of the revised Bloom's taxonomy, classified each learning objective (knowledge vs. competence) and each assessment task (according to its cognitive complexity level), then evaluated the degree of alignment between objectives and assessments. Results show that 65.5% of objectives follow a knowledge-based logic, whereas only 34.5% reflect a competence-based logic. Moreover, 72.7% of assessment tasks consist of recall questions or multiple choice items, while only 27.3% require complex operations involving integrated resource mobilization. The alignment analysis reveals strong coherence in only 18.2% of cases, weak coherence in 45.4%, and clear incoherence in 36.4%. Over 70% of teachers report significant difficulties, which they attribute mainly to lack of training, large class sizes, and the absence of discipline-specific competency frameworks. These findings confirm our general hypothesis: objectives and assessments are not sufficiently aligned with the principles of competency-based approaches. They highlight the urgent need for structured pedagogical support and a proactive institutional policy for teacher training.
Keywords: Learning objectives; Competency assessment; Pedagogical alignment; LMD system; Bunia University.
Cette étude analyse les effets des exportations minières sur le développement économique en République Démocratique du Congo sur la période 2001-2024. L’objectif principal est d’évaluer l’influence des exportations minières sur le PIB par habitant dans un contexte marqué par la forte dépendance de l’économie congolaise au secteur extractif. L’étude mobilise un modèle ARDL appliqué aux séries temporelles intégrant les exportations minières, les investissements directs étrangers, la formation brute de capital fixe, le taux de change, l’inflation ainsi que la gouvernance efficace.
Les résultats économétriques révèlent l’existence d’une relation de long terme entre les variables du modèle. Les exportations minières exercent un effet positif et significatif sur le développement économique, confirmant leur rôle dans la croissance de l’économie congolaise. Toutefois, les résultats montrent également que les déséquilibres macroéconomiques, la faible efficacité institutionnelle et la faible intégration des investissements étrangers limitent les retombées positives du secteur minier sur le développement économique.
Le modèle à correction d’erreur confirme par ailleurs la stabilité dynamique du système ainsi que l’existence d’un mécanisme d’ajustement vers l’équilibre de long terme. L’étude conclut que les exportations minières constituent un levier important du développement économique en République Démocratique du Congo, mais que leur efficacité dépend largement de la qualité de la gouvernance, de la stabilité macroéconomique et de la capacité de l’État à transformer les revenus miniers en investissements productifs et sociaux.
Children’s engagement with and understanding of picture books is important to their early literacy development. However, there is limited empirical research on how pictorial illustrations influence these aspects among primary school pupils in Nigeria. This research study examined students at the University of Ibadan Staff School. The study focused on pupils of the University of Ibadan Staff School. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 165 sample size from a population of 821. The study employed a survey research design and data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using SPSS in order to discover possible patterns and connections in the answers. It was discovered that pictorial illustrations are important in order for the children to get involved in the picture books. This is because they make the stories interesting to read since they capture the interest of the readers, retain the attention of the readers, and help in making the whole activity more enjoyable. It was also discovered that illustrations aid in comprehension since they provide visual cues and allow children to better understand the story. Moreover, engagement and comprehension were greatly increased when the illustrations were relevant and culturally based because they made the children relate to what was being talked about in the story. This research showed that illustration greatly improves children's comprehension and engagement in picture books through capturing their attention.
Educational facility mapping is the process of identifying, recording, and analyzing the location and characteristics of schools in relation to the communities they serve. It is an important tool for planning and decision-making in the education sector. According to Olubadewo and Abiodun (2018), school mapping helps to identify areas where facilities are lacking and supports government in allocating resources more equitably. Adepoju (2018) further explained that facility mapping gives a clearer picture of spatial inequality in education, which makes it possible to design interventions that can improve accessibility and fairness in the distribution of schools. By showing the actual locations of schools on maps, decision-makers can better evaluate whether the facilities available meet the needs of the population. The use of GIS has become a major advancement in the mapping and analysis of educational facilities. GIS is a computer-based system that can collect, store, analyze, and display spatial data. This makes it a suitable tool for planning and managing schools. Longley, Goodchild, Maguire, and Rhind (2015) pointed out that GIS allows planners to visualize the distribution of schools and to measure accessibility to them. This study is designed to fill this gap by mapping the primary and secondary schools in Unwana and analyzing their spatial distribution
La congestion routière représente aujourd’hui un défi majeur de gouvernance urbaine dans les grandes villes africaines, particulièrement à Kinshasa, capitale politique et économique de la République démocratique du Congo. L’accroissement rapide de la population, l’urbanisation peu maîtrisée et l’insuffisance des infrastructures routières ont entraîné une saturation chronique du réseau de transport. Cette situation affecte considérablement la mobilité des populations, la productivité économique, la compétitivité urbaine ainsi que la qualité de vie des habitants. Dans une perspective de sciences politiques, l’étude analyse le rôle des acteurs publics et les limites des politiques de mobilité mises en œuvre pour répondre à cette problématique.
L’étude, fondée sur une approche qualitative combinant analyses documentaires, données institutionnelles et observations de terrain, révèle que la congestion routière à Kinshasa résulte principalement de trois facteurs : la dégradation et l’insuffisance des infrastructures routières, la prédominance d’un système de transport collectif informel peu réglementé, et une gouvernance marquée par une faible coordination institutionnelle et un déficit de planification stratégique. Face à ce constat, l’article propose une approche intégrée basée sur la création d’une autorité de gestion de la mobilité urbaine, l’organisation du transport collectif, le développement de corridors de transport à grande capacité et l’intégration de la mobilité dans la planification urbaine, en considérant les réalités institutionnelles, sociales et financières du contexte congolais.
Mots- clés : Mobilité urbaine, Congestion routière, Gouvernance urbaine, Politiques publiques, Transport urbain, etc.
Financial inclusion for SMEs remains a persistent challenge across sub Saharan Africa, even in dynamic fintech hubs like Ghana and Kenya. This study compares the impact of digital lending on SME financial inclusion in both nations using a robust mixed methods design. The research combines a structured survey of 215 SME owners per country, analysed with PLS SEM, and in depth interviews with 14 ecosystem stakeholders per country. It draws on seven theoretical frameworks, extending prior models with the Technology Acceptance Model, UTAUT, and behavioural economics.
The findings show that digital lending significantly boosts financial inclusion in both countries, with a notably stronger effect in Kenya, likely due to its more mature mobile money ecosystem. Critically, successful adoption of digital lending is a key mechanism for this effect. However, the pathway differs. Financial access mechanisms are a significant mediator in Kenya but not in Ghana, a divergence linked to Kenya's interoperable infrastructure versus Ghana's thinner formal lending channels and stronger loss aversion. Three moderators, namely digital infrastructure, institutional quality, and regulatory frameworks, also strengthen this positive relationship.
Qualitatively, the study uncovers a Ghana Digital Lending Access Gap driven by fragmented regulation and behavioural barriers, while Kenya's mature M Pesa ecosystem presents its own risk of exclusion through platform dominance. This research offers the first systematic comparative PLS SEM analysis in this area, an expanded theoretical model, and specific policy recommendations for the central banks of both countries.
Keywords: Digital Lending; Fintech; Financial Inclusion; SMEs; Institutional Theory; Comparative Analysis; Mixed-Methods
No papers found matching your search. Try a different keyword.
Published papers are indexed in
Submissions Open
See Your Research in the Next Edition
Join thousands of researchers published in GSJ. Submit your manuscript — peer review in 1–3 days, open access publication, EOI assignment, and global indexing across 150+ countries.
