Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by negative-gram bacteria, Salmonella typhi. The gold standard study for typhoid fever is blood culture, however blood culture has several limitations including high costs, long time requirement, and sometimes lead to negative result if the patient has taken antibiotics. Widal test is a serological test for diagnostic tests that is relatively inexpensive, fast and easy and it is still widely used in laboratories for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, however diagnosing typhoid fever from widal test alone will lead to less accurate result, due to the large number of false negative and positive results. The purpose of this study was to illustrate antibiotic management in pediatric typhoid fever in Royal Prima Hospital in 2019. This study was an experimental study with the post-test only control group design. The samples were blood drawn from 25 children. Culture was carried out for isolation and identification using Kirby Bower method. Of the 25 patients with typhoid fever, six patient were found to be resistant to ampicillin and erythromicin antibiotics. On the other hand, they were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and chloramphenicol. Keywords: Typhoid Fever, Salmonella typhi, ampicillin, eritromicin.
Objectifs : étaient de mesurer le taux d’incidence des ISO chez les patientes césarisées et d’identifier les facteurs de risque associés à leurs survenues. Méthodes : L’étude était prospective, menée au niveau du service de gynéco-obstétrique du Centre hospitalier universitaire Oran. Elle a porté sur toutes les femmes ayant subi une césarienne du 1er janvier au 30 juin 2012. Les données ont été recueillies sur un questionnaire pré-établi. L’analyse était faite par le logiciel Epi-info V6.04 et l’analyse multivariée était réalisée à l’aide du logiciel SPSS20 Résultats : Trois cent quatre vingt quatorze patientes ont été incluses dans l’étude dont 38 ont développé une ISO soit 9.64%. Les facteurs de risque, identifiés étaient ; l’heure de l’intervention de 15h à 08h (OR, 3,88 ; IC, 1,54-9,77), l’incision de type LMSO (OR, 3,27 ; IC, 1,17-9,14) et le séjour préopératoire (OR, 1,06 IC, 1,01-1,11) Conclusion : Les mesures prophylactiques recommandées devront s’appliquer afin de réduire le taux des infections du site opératoire. Les césariennes doivent être limitées pour les cas sans indication. Mots clés : Infections du site opératoire; césarienne; Incidence; Facteurs de risque; Algérie
Management accounting offers a good best opportunity for firms to compete in the market in order to offer best quality products and services at affordable prices to consumers. The Judgmental and convenience sampling methods were applied to come up with the sample size, since the population in different firms was considered heterogeneous, implying that a simple random sample was going to be unrepresentative. The data collected was both quantitative and qualitative. Analysis was done using thematic analysis and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), allowing the researcher to present the information in form of tables and figures where desirable. The study concludes that Small and medium enterprises at large have not moderately adopted the use of management accounting practices despite this being at various stages of the firm life cycle. The most prominent practices are costing, information for decision- making for budgeting and aspects of performance evaluation, practiced unconsciously and latently. This study recommends that an integrative and committee system be put in place in the Small and Medium enterprise sector to spear head, promote and advance the adoption and use of modern accounting practices. In the same endeavor, there is need for a comprehensive awareness campaign in using management accounting approaches in decision making for sustainable development of the sector. Further research is proposed from a longitudinal perspective across the whole SMEs sector in Botswana.Key words: Management accounting, costing, budgeting, performance evaluation, Small and medium enterprises, Sector performance
The debate on motivation has been there for a long time, revolving on whether money is a motivator or not? The purpose of this study is to establish whether money is the only motivator. The study reveals that while money is regarded as a high motivator, they are also other critical factors such as- recognition, safety, feedback, teamwork, recognition, social networks and self-esteem that move employees in organisations. A review of existing studies complemented by cross sectional case study based approach in which 38 employees in Botswana were interviewed provided further findings on the cash based controversy phenomena within the motivation circles. The results indicate that the association between salary and job satisfaction is very weak. Furthermore, the correlation between pay and pay satisfaction appears not marginally higher indicating that people’s satisfaction with their salary is mostly independent of their actual salary. The study recommends a combination of money based incentives with non-monetary rewards as the two complement one another. The results from this mini-survey and review of exiting secondary data have important implications for management: that is; if we want an engaged workforce, money is clearly not the answer. In fact, if we want employees to be happy with their pay, money is not the answer. In a nutshell: money does not buy engagement and engagement is more critical and encompassing in enhancing employee performance than monetary incentives in many a case. Key words Motivator, Cash Reward, Motivating Controversy, Non- monetary
Macrozoobenthos plays an important role in the transfer of energy in the form of a food chain. This study aims to see the abundance and distribution of macrozoobenthos in the waters of Sangiang Island. The method used is purposive sampling using a transect squared along 100 m with three repetitions of each station. Macrozoobenthos found in 42 species, namely 77% class gastropods, 15% class bivalves, and 8% grade Holothuroidea. The highest abundance of macrozoobenthos was at station 2. The most species of the gastropod class were 37 individuals, Cerithium salebrosum, from the Bivalvia class were 8 individuals Vasticardium flavum, and from Holo-thuridae class were 16 individuals Holothuria atra. The results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis show that the distribution of macrozoobenthos at stations 1 and 3 is influenced by pH, current velocity, and Dissolve Oxygen. Distribution at station 2 is influenced by Total Organic Material, temperature, and salinity.
Crop production is highly affected by harmful organisms in which the quality and quantity of harvest is being deteriorate. The study was primarily aimed to assess farmer knowledge of pests with practicability of control mechanism employed by farmers. Community based cross-sectional study was carried out in May to June 2019. A validated structured questionnaire, face-to-face interview, focal group discussion with elders and key informant with experts were used for data collection. For the sake of triangulation, personal observation was conducted. The data was analysed using logistic regression using SPSS version 16. Out of 422 farmers estimated to be included in the study 398 of them provided complete information while the remaining 24 were not found in the house during the date of interview or unable to complete the questionnaire. Consequently, almost three fourth, 295 (74.3 %) of them had excellent knowledge while the remaining 25.7 % of the farmers possessed good knowledge. Even though farmers of the age group 26–35 had a bit higher percentage of excellent knowledge (76.7 %) than the other two age groups i.e., 15–25 (71.7 %) and 36–45 (71 %), the association was not statistically significant (P = 0.85). In an effort to control pest, majority of farmers used cultural method in the form of crop rotation, row plantation, weed control, and time of sawing. Hand removal, mimicry (for wild pests), noisemakers and creating barriers were used as mechanical pest control method.
This paper aimed at exploring the effects of climate variability on coffee production in Moshi rural district. So-cio-economic survey design was used and both qualitative and quantitative research approaches was employed. Data were collected using questionnaires survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions as well as field observation. A total of 96 farmers were involved in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The data were presented in condensed form in terms of tables, and fig-ures.The findings revealed that communities were knowledgeable about the effects of climate variability. Their knowledge was based on the effects already felt and attributed to climate variability, including unpredictable patterns of rainy seasons. Climate variability was associated with decrease in cash crop production and increase in household food supply, unpredictable farming calendar including drying of water sources used for irrigation and domestic uses. The findings revealed a decreasing trend of Coffee yields during the year 1990 to 2016. The decreasing trend of coffee production in the area was not only contributed by climate change variability but also fall of coffee price in the world market. The communities in the study area developed different adaptation strategies in responding to effects of climate variability. The developed strategies include among others; crop substitution, intercropping, planting early maturing crops and drought resistant crops and the use of traditional canal irrigation system. The projected climate change effects show that; the future is unreriable for rain-fed dependancy farming practices. Therefore, this paper recommended farmers options to include among others irrigation of crops and conservation farming with a potential to increasing coffee production in order to ensure food security as well as socio economic development of farming communities.
There is no doubt in today’s world that we are living in the modern age of computer technology. Today’s computers are faster and more reliable but despite all the advancement in computer technology experts around the world are still trying to make the systems more efficient both in their performance and in use of their hardware and software resources. One of the techniques use to improve resources efficiency or handle the limited share of resources for a specific system is virtual Memory. The sole purpose of this technique is to efficiently utilize the resources in order to increase the overall performance of the system itself. This paper explains the history of virtual memory and how this technique can be used in efficient resource allocation. There are lots of techniques through which virtual memory can be implemented, this paper performs a study of how virtual memory is being managed on different operating systems whether Personal OS or mobile OS or other physical devices such as flash devices, etc. In Cloud Computing techniques like Virtual Swap Memory Mechanism and ESX are used, in windows Page replacement algorithms are used and in physical devices like flash memory, the concept of dirty bit is used.
In effort to improve quality assurance and safety of fishery products, especially in fish cracker processing, the Directorate General of Fisheries Products Processing and Marketing, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries introduced Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Production Methods (SSOP) ) or Sanitation Operation Standard Procedure (SPOS) for processing fish crackers to processors, including those in Indramayu. The purpose of this study is to find all the factors that influence the continuity of the process of applying GMP and SSOP for fish crackers and to see the latest conditions of GMP and SSOP application in crackers processing plants that do not continue. Processing and data analysis using the described method. Factors that influence the continued implementation of GMP and SSOP in fish cracker processing plants that are not very competent in running GMP and SSOP can be divided into internal factors, namely lack of education, and lack of experience, external factors, namely lack of government policies in socialization, lack of water portable and ice supply, lack of cold chain system facilities, lack of government policies in training, monitoring, no market requirements, and characteristics of innovation factors that have relative advantages in implementing GMP and SSOP. To encourage the application of GMP and SSOP in fish cracker processing plants that do not apply GMP and SSOP applications, it is advisable to increase socialization, guidance, training, monitoring and technical in a special locus, facilitate water and ice supply, carry out the application of GMP and SSOP in fishery products in the domestic market, and increasing education about the importance of applying GMP and SSOP in the fish fillet industry to the public.
Heavy metals of selected foodstuffs (egg, banana, onion and milk) obtained from three different locations in Khartoum state, Sudan were determined and compared with dietary reference intake for both adult and children using Student’s t-test. The foodstuffs samples were digested using dry ashing procedure and their minerals were determined by Atomic Emission spectrophotometer (ICPE). The results showed that intake of 100 gm per day of egg by adults or children significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) increased the level of Sc, Al, Cu, Hg, As, and Ba and exceeded the dietary reference intake in all locations. Intake of banana (100 gm per day) significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) increased the level of TI, I, Cr, Al, Pb, and Ba in all locations while intake of onion significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) increased the level of Sc, I, Cr, Se, Al, As, and Ba. However, intake of 100gm per day of milk had no adverse effect and increased (P < 0.05) the level of Sc, As and Ba only. It was observed that Ba is the predominant elements in all foodstuffs and locations and significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) exceeded the dietary reference intake.
This study seeks to develop a conceptual model to determine the effect of competence on employee performance in the Bureau of Planning and Performance Management of the Secretariat General of the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia. Determined mediating variables are incentives and moderating variables are motivation. The study uses a quantitative approach to taking a saturated sample of 58 bureau employees. Data will take in the form of primary data using questionnaires and observations and secondary data through institutional documents. Analysis of the data is doing by inferential. Literature review, conceptual model, hypotheses development and research methodology are discussed. Practicing this paper instantly would provide information about the relationship of work conflict, career development, job stress and employee performance at the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Manpower.
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of leadership on job satisfaction and its impact on work discipline at the BBPP of Indonesia’s Ministry of Manpower at Bekasi. Literature review, conceptual model, hypotheses development and research methodology are discussed. This paper uses quantitative research methods. Practicing this paper instantly would provide information about the relationship among leadership, job satisfaction, work discipline and motivasion at the BBPP of Indonesia’s Ministry of Manpower at Bekasi.
Romance in the workplace is a common phenomenon and inevitable from organization. When this romance occurs then dynamics and impacts occur both positive and negative. This impact does not only affect to those who are in love but also to the people around them. Therefore, organization must be careful in formulating policies concerning this phenomenon. This research tries to find out dynamics and impacts of romance in the workplace using qualitative method. Subject of experiment is employees in one of the government ministry who has the experience in having romance in workplace and also the government employees who have work at least ten years of working experience in witnessing the romance in the workplace that has happened until now and the Head of HR in the ministry. Result shows that romance is human right that shouldn’t be banned unless it violates the social norm norms of decency that apply here. Romance can bring motivation to the people who has it but it can bring problem when it doesn’t work or to the love affair.
This paper set out to develop a conceptual model for testing the influence of leader member exchange (LMX) on job satisfaction mediated by work commitment and work motivation. Literature review, conceptual model, hypotheses development and research methodology are discussed. This paper uses quantitative research. Practicing this paper instantly would provide information about the relationship of leader member exchange (LMX), job satisfaction, work commitment and work motivation at the PT Oyo Rooms Indonesia.
- Entrepreneurial leadership has been tipped as one of the millennium solutions to challenges associated with the current competitive and dynamic global business environment. Majority of businesses operating in the localities of Benue state in Nigeria including Makurdi, the state capital are on small and medium scale. For decades now, SME’s are considered as an important aspect of Nigeria’s economy and this makes it quite necessary to investigate the extent to which entrepreneurial leadership may boost performance of SMEs in Benue state. Considering this fact, this study seeks to examine the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Benue state, Nigeria. The study employed a quantitative survey research design. To ascertain the relationship between the variables, this study targeted a population of 708 owners/ managers who assume leadership positions in SMEs across Benue state. This number cuts across sectors like food processing, livestock rearing, trading, art/craft, bakery, table water, fashion and designing/hair dressing and ICT. Out of this figure 400 managers/leaders were selected to represent the sample through purposive sampling technique. The data collection instrument for the study was a self-administered questionnaire A validity and reliability test was carried out on 30 employees from other organizations who were not part of the sample and through Cronbach’s alpha the overall reliability co-efficient of 0.896 was obtained. The instrument was therefore considered consistent to be used in this study. The cleansed data was further quantitatively analyzed by product moment correlation and multiple regression. Correlation was used to determine the magnitude of the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and performance of SMEs while multiple regression was used to test how leadership style explains changes in business performance of SMEs. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21). Results of correlation analysis reveal that there is significant relationship between all the constructs of Entrepreneurial leadership (miner behavior, explorer behavior, accelerator behavior and integrator behavior) and performance of SMEs. The result of regression analysis showed that miner behavior, explorer behavior, accelerator behavior and integrator behavior jointly contribute to the observed change in SMEs performance. This study concludes that entrepreneurial leadership behaviors of managers/owners of SMEs significantly affect performance of such SMEs. Arising from the findings and conclusion, it is recommended that mangers/owners of SMEs avail themselves to available training options on how to effectively create and communicate vision as this is found to be a leadership behavior that positively correlates performance of SMEs. This study also recommends that entrepreneurs to develop their ability to inspire followers and act as role models for followers, as well as refine their opportunity recognition, innovation, and creativity skills since this too significantly affects firm performance. Finally, it is recommended that entrepreneurs should seek out development opportunities to enhance their entrepreneurial leadership skills before and during a business venture
This research examined the relationship between organizational resources and competitive advantage of mobile internet service providers in Port Harcourt. The study adopted the cross sectional survey design. Primary data was collected using structures questionnaire. Data for the study was generated from sixty six (66) existing managerial level employees who were drawn across eleven (11) selected firms in Port Harcourt. The population size was adopted as the sample size due to its size. The hypotheses were tested using Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. These analyses were carried out using the statistical package for social sciences version 21.0. The evidence from the bivariate analysis showed that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational resources and competitive advantage of internet service providers in Port Harcourt. Thus the study concludes that organizational resources significantly influences cost leadership and differentiation. The study recommends that managers must intensively invest in the firm’s strategic resources and critically identify their organizational resources or develop them where absent, finally they should move to formulate the firm’s strategy around these core organizational resources so as to gain and sustain competitive advantage.
This study investigated the relationship between corporate culture and employee engagement of private secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The target population of this study was 250 employees drawn from (12) Twelve Private Secondary Schools in Rivers State. The sample size of 154 was determined using calculated using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between power culture and employee engagement in private secondary schools in Rivers State. The study recommends that Management should ensure that employees are delegated to work based on their specialization, interest and qualifications and have autonomy to deliver the best outcome for the organization.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of leachate on groundwater in Gashua, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configuration and ten (10) profiles of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) using Wenner electrode configuration were used to investigate the effects of leachate on groundwater in Gashua and its environs. The electrical resistivity field data were interpreted by using Winresist for VES and RES2DINV for ERT. The results of the electrical resistivity survey revealed that the study area is composed of five geoelectrical layers which are; the topsoil, clay, sand, sandy clay and sand. The resistivity of the first layer range from 42.7 to 199.7Ωm and its thickness range from 0.6 to 1.9m, the second layer has resistivity ranging from 16.5 to 37.9Ωm with a thickness ranging from 4.1 to 10.7m. The resistivity of the third layer ranges from 101.2 to 288.2Ωm and its thickness ranges from 38.9 to 99.7m, it is the first aquifer in the study area. The fourth layer has resistivity ranging from 100.7 to 214.3Ωm and its thickness ranges from 28.5 to 94m. The fifth layer is the second aquifer and its resistivity ranges from 254 to 350Ωm. It has a very large thickness. The aquifer resistivity ranged from 101.2 to 288.2Ωm for the first aquifer and from 253.8 to 350.1Ωm for the second aquifer. The 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles showed areas of low resistivity zones which were interpreted as zones infiltrated by contaminants from the dumpsites and high resistivity zones depict areas with less or non-conductive materials in the study area. Results from the four solid waste dumpsites showed that leachate from the waste dumpsites infiltrated into the aquifers and polluted the groundwater. The presence of the contaminants in the groundwater was identified by a decrease in the formation resistivity values. It is evident, from the results of the geophysical survey that the water in the study area is polluted and it is responsible for the prevalence of water related diseases common in the study area. Keywords: Resistivity, leachate, groundwater, pollution, geophysical and infiltration.
Palabuhan Ratu bay is one of the southern coast waters of the island of Java that has great potential in the supply of glass eel. One of the locations for eel fishing is the mouth of the Cimandiri River in the southern part of Palabuhan Ratu Bay. This research aims to analyze the marketing channel of eel fish (Anguilla sp.), Analyze the level of efficiency of eel fish marketing channels (Anguilla sp.) In the Palabuhan Ratu Sukabumi Regency, West Java. This research began in June 2019 until January 2020. The research method used was snowball sampling technique by using the recommendations of the farmers to determine respondents in each marketing institution so that the total number of respondents was 21 people. The results showed that there are 2 eel marketing channels and have business institutions namely fishermen, collector 1 and collector 2. Marketing channels that have the highest level of efficiency are found in marketing channel II with a greater total profit and have a shorter channel length than the marketing channel I. The level of efficiency in each channel can be calculated using Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), data obtained from the average BCR picker II is greater than other marketing institutions, namely 1.25, and 1.22 for collecting BCR I.
The aim of the study was to find out heritability, variance components, variability and genetic advance for some yield and yield related agronomic characters. 93 coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions, including five standard checks, which were collected from Tepi surroundings, were evaluated at Tepi National spice research station. The experiment was conducted in augmented design of four blocks during 2016 cropping season by superimposing on four years old coffee trees. Data on 22 quantitative characters were recorded. Analysis of variance of 22 quantitative traits revealed significant difference among the accessions in leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of primary branches, fruit length, bean length, bean width, bean thickness, hundred bean weight and green bean yield. The contrast between the mean of accessions and the mean of checks was significant for all traits except for leaf length, number of main stem node, girth of stem, number of nodes on primary branches, canopy diameter, fruit width and fruit thickness indicating the presence of variability. Genetic advance as percent of the mean was very high (62.6%) for green bean yield which also had very high PCV (36.7%),GCV (33.4%) and heritability (83.0%).Over all, the study confirmed the presence of trait diversity in Tepi surroundings coffee accessions and this could be exploited in the genetic improvement of the crop through hybridization and selection.
Natural lighting was the primary light source in buildings prior to the invention of the electrical lighting in 1879. Day lighting thought improves the structure proficiency as far as vitality. In private structures common light arrangement upgrade space quality and client prosperity. The primary motivation behind this research is to structure an office that joins the open library with a proficiency focus of factors influencing day lighting in library and literacy centres. The library and capability center assistance grown-up understudies and youths achieve training and freedom by giving instruction classes, similarly as information, resources and referrals and a wide extent of organizations (instructional, proficient, recreational) that will empower them to end up being dynamically capable in the overall population.
La TVA est un impôt sur la dépense que la plupart des pays ont intégré dans leur législation, compte tenu de sa neutralité économique et de sa relative simplicité, semble-t-il. Mise en place en France en 1954, elle est devenue peu à peu l'impôt sur la consommation dans plusieurs pays du monde y compris la République Démocratique du Congo [RDC] depuis le 1er Janvier 2012. Tout au long de ce travail, nous avons eu à démontrer le fondement de cette étude, définir les concepts clés devant éclairer ce travail, relever en détail les conditions pour que la TVA soit transférée dans une autre entité, répertorier les biens qui peuvent être concernés par la TVA transférée, fournir les comptes et la comptabilisation avant de prouver l’étude avec exemples chiffrés. Il ressort de ce travail, de relier la théorie de la TVA proposée par l’ordonnance-loi N° 10/001 du 20 Août 2010 à la pratique comptable en matière de la constitution des sociétés commerciales en RDC apparemment non découvert par les praticiens de la comptabilité. Mots clés : Comptabilité, Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée, Sociétés commerciales
This examination paper explores the effect of brand value on customers purchase choice of cell phones. The examination has featured the holes found in many promoting endeavors of cell organizations while displaying their market contributions to the objective market. The examination paper begins off by clarifying what mark value is, the way it is assembled and after that how it gradually and bit by bit winds up delivering faithful and in-adjusted shoppers, who won't change to some other brand regardless, just on the grounds that for them the brand has turned into their partner, which fulfills their necessities as well as encourages them complete themselves. Along these lines, it will help the advertisers to know such shopper bits of knowledge and suppositions of their objective market, what they need and require and from a portable brand, every one of these holes have been recognized in this investigation and it helps in setting out a vital arrangement which will be truly significant for promoting experts who need to build the piece of the overall industry of their image. A logical survey of writing has been done and polls were appropriated for information accumulation and Likert scale was intended to get some information about their bits of knowledge and sentiments and they were requested to rate them on a five point scale between unequivocally concur and emphatically oppose this idea. An example size of 250 respondents has been picked. The outcomes found were that all the four factors emphatically affect shopper buy choice of mobile phones, the hugest being brand trust and brand affiliation greatly effect on purchase intention.
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