Volume 10, Issue 12, December 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Projected analysis of cropped area changes in agro-climatic Gujranwala zone of Punjab, Pakistan []


The present research study was planned during FY 2021-22 for projected analysis of the major cropped area changes in agro-climatic Gujranwala zone of Punjab, Pakistan. Projections were worked out with time series analysis “Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average” (ARIMA (2, 1, 4) model) on the secondary data set of past 32 years (1990-2022). The projected percent change area of crops i.e. wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize were estimated at -0.58%, 1.5%, -1.66% and -0.21 for Gujranwala zone while same of crops estimated at 0.44%, 1.38%, 1.55%, -1.24% and -0.94 for Punjab respectively up to 2030. The yield of only cotton and maize is projected to decline over years from 2023 to 2030 with values of -0.78% and -0.21% respectively. While yield trends of wheat, rice and sugarcane is projected to increase (0.29% to 1.92%) over the same period at both levels i.e. Gujranwala zone as well as Punjab province against the Pakistan’s population growth rate of 2.40 percent. Overall more than 82% cropped area lies under rice-wheat cropping pattern in Gujranwala zone. The remaining cropped area was recorded as rice-berseem (10%), sugarcane-wheat (3.5%) and maize-berseem/wheat (1%). Based on field survey crops data the descending order of net returns (PKR/acre) with BCR were estimated as Garlic, Potato, Sugarcane, Rice, Wheat and Maize (hybrid) respectively. The economic analysis depicted that there is a need to shift from production of low-value crops to high-value crops in order to make agriculture sector more profitable and competitive. With employed ‘multiple linear regression analysis’ the slope coefficients of independent variables i.e. support price and yield for dependent variable (wheat area) were calculated as 0.044 and 0.161 for Gujranwala zone while same of values 0.153 and 0.688 estimated for Punjab respectively. Similarly, the slope coefficients of described independent variables for sugarcane area were calculated as -0.132 and 0.00 for Gujranwala zone while same of values 0.028 and 0.006 estimated for Punjab. The reasons for comparatively declining area trends under major crops particularly in Gujranwala zone might be rapid urbanization, sudden climatic changes, labor shortage, lower support price, lack of farm mechanization and uneconomic land holding size etc. Keywords ARIMA model, Cropped area, Gujranwala; Net returns, Projected, Rice-wheat

ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY PROJECT IN MUHANGA RWANDA []


1.ABSTRACT This research paper focused on the community participation on project implementation using a case of electricity supply Project in MUHANGA District, which is very significant in the economic development of Rwanda and the entire global community. This research dissertation was guided by the following specific objectives which were to examine how need analysis influences project implementation, to examine the analysis of project planning on project implementation and to determine the analysis of project monitoring on project implementation. This research study will help both Researcher, University and Society. For researcher, it will help the researcher to get Master’s degree in MBA-Project Management and once her dissertation will be used as reference at UOK and the policy recommendations drawn will be used by policy makers in both Private and Public institutions for the areas of improvements. This study will help both researcher, University of Kigali and even both Public and private institutions to improve the area of improvement. It will use theories such as ladder participation theory, system theory and empowerment theory for more understanding deep community participation and project implementation. The study used both descriptive and correlation statistics, where the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approach. The period of this study ranged from the year 2018 to 2021, the researcher used a sample size of 90 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study was stratified random sampling method. Results of the study indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between community participation and success of project implementation; an increase in community participation leads to an increase in success of project implementation. Similarly, a decrease in community participation leads to a decrease in success of project implementation. The study also showed that there is a noteworthy correlation between community participation and success of project implementation; when their participation is zero, success of project implementation is negatively influenced. The study also established that the various aspects of community participation influence success of project implementation with different magnitudes as shown by the regression analysis. Community participation in need analysis have the utmost influence, followed by community participation in planning. Community participation in project monitoring & evaluation has less influence on success of project implementation. Overall, success of project implementation improves with greater community participation throughout the project cycle.

The Mediating influence of institutional characteristics on the relationship between school administrative culture and student academic performance. Evidence from Public Secondary Schools in Makueni County []


The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of institutional characteristics on the perceptions of teachers and students on the relationship between school administrative culture and students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Makueni County. This research employed descriptive survey design. The target population comprised 379 public secondary schools in the county which have 379 principals and 1,895 Heads of Department (HODs). The researcher used proportionate stratified sampling technique to select the desired sample size of 1,440 respondents. An open and closed ended questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect data. Random sampling was used to identify the 114 schools whereby 570 HODs and 570 students participated in the study. The findings showed that institutional characteristics partially mediated the link between school administrative culture and the students’ academic performance. The study makes valuable contributions to theory development, policy formulation and management practice.

MECHATRONICS SKILLS NEEDED BY MOTOR VEHICLE MECHANICS IN MINNA METROPOLIS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA []


This study was carried to determine the mechatronics skills needed by motor vehicle mechanics in Minna metropolis of Niger State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out in Minna metropolis of Niger State. The population for the study comprised 1,563 out of which 1540 are master Motor Vehicle Mechanics (MVM) and 23 are Institutional experts on mechatronics. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 310 master MVM using the Krecie and Morgan decision model table to choose them. All the 23 institutional experts on mechatronics were used because of their manageable number. All together a sample size of 333 respondents were used for the study The instrument used for the data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire for Assessing Mechatronics Skills of Motor Vehicle Mechanic (QAMSMVM). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument and the reliability index was found to be 0.91. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while the null hypotheses were tested using z-test statistic at .05 significant level. The study found among others, that the MVM needed all the mechatronics skills in the maintenance of ignition system, and automatic transmission system which included ability to perform magnetic sensor testing, test running ignition system using multimeter, diagnosing defective reflector sensor, replacing leaking torque converter, among others. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made; MVM should be compelled to go through re-certification as a condition for renewing their registration upon the completion of a training program in mechatronics. Automobile industries should be encouraged through legislation to established well equipped mechatronics laboratories for the use of MVM as part of their corporate social responsibility.

Research / Analytical and experimental study on the influence of large seismic deformations on the out-of-plane instability of highly-reinforced shear walls []


In the context of the present work, the influence of the degree of tension on the phenomenon of transverse instability of reinforced concrete seismic walls is examined. The present investigation is both experimental and analytical and consists of 4 test specimens. These specimens simulate the extreme boundary edges of structural walls. All columns simulate only the extreme reinforced areas of the walls, in order to study the basic mechanism of the phenomenon. The detailing of the specimens consists of 4 rebars with a diam-eter of 10 mm for each bar and 2 rebars with a diameter of 8 mm for each of the two bars. The geometric dimensions are the same for all specimens. What differentiates the specimens from each other is the degree of tension they have sustained. More specifically, the tensile degrees used are 10‰, 20‰, 30‰ and 50‰. The loading stages of each specimen for all specimens are as follows: (a) Uniaxial central tensile loading on each test specimen; (b) Uniaxial central compression loading on each specimen till its failure due to buckling or due to an excess of its cross-section compressive strength. The present study focuses on the tensile loading stage only. Extreme tensile strengths are also used, e.g., 30‰ and 50‰, in order to take into account, the cases of extreme seismic excitations. The experimental study is followed by the numerical investigation of these 4 specimens using appropriate statistical software and finite elements. Useful conclusions are drawn regarding the influence of the degree of elongation on the phenomenon of transverse buckling. These conclusions are substantiated both experimentally and analytically, as the results of the experiments are compared with the corresponding results of the analytical investigation.

Impact of Corona pendemic's social and academic adjustment on academic performance as perceived by undergraduate students of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria []


Abstract The study examined impacts of corona pandemic’s social and academic adjustments on academic performance among undergraduate students of Kogi State University, Anyigba. The descriptive survey was used for the study while stratified random sampling techniques was used to sample 240 undergraduate students at of 30each from the eight existing faculties in the University. A self-constructed questionnaire titled “Impacts of Social and Academic Adjustments of Corona Pandemics on Students’ Academic Performance” (ISAACPSAP) was used to measure the relative effects of academic and social adjustments on students’ academic performance. The structured questionnaire was divided into three sections. Section “A” identifies the bio data of the respondents while sections “B” and “C” have 30 items divided into 15 items each centered on academics and social impacts of corona pandemic’s adjustments. The questionnaire instrument was rated on four points scale of Very Great Extent (VGE= 4points), Great Extent (GE= 3points), Some Extent (SE= 2 points) and Very Little Extent (VLE=1 point). The reliability and internal consistency of the instrument was established through Pilot Testing on 15 students who did not participate in the study while test-retest method using Pearson Product Movement Correlation Coefficient that yielded a value of 0.86 was used for testing the reliability of the instrument. Mean score was used in answering the research questions while Chi-square statistical method was used to test the generated hypotheses at 0.5 level of significance. The study revealed among others, that Corona pandemic social and academic adjustments impact the students’ academic performance, no significant relationship between male and female social and academic adjustments on academic performance and that not all the topics could be thought to the students understanding through e leaning and not all the students are financially buoyant enough to use I pad phone or smart phone. The study recommends among others that e- learning be complimented with class teaching and tutorial class and parents should be more supportive financially to the students’ needs. Keywords: corona pandemic, Academic adjustment, Social adjustment, academic performance

Employee training and organizational performance , A case of Rwanda Social Security Board []


The general aim of this study was to find out how employee training influences organizational performance of Rwanda Social Security Board with a time scope of 2017 to 2021. The specific research objectives were to assess the influence of employee training procedures on organizational performance of RSSB; to determine the influence of Employee training environment on organizational performance of RSSB and to examine the influence of employee training risk assessment on organizational performance of RSSB. The study considered 210 RSSB staff who work in Human Resource, Risk Management, Investment, Procurement & IT, Quality Assurance & Audit, Finance & contributions; and Corporate Affairs & Legal departments. Findings revealed that there were effective and efficient employee training and was supported by 92.5% of the respondents who strongly agreed that RSSB trainings are carried out by only eligible instructors. Secondly, findings discovered that 97.6% of the respondents strongly agreed that employee trainings at RSSB allow staff to learn through different methods. Thirdly, research results revealed that 97.6% of the respondents revealed that RSSB keeps the staff safe and appoints a competent staff to uphold safety. Finally, from the spearman correlation analysis, the value of rs=0.775 and p=0.001 which explains that there was a strong, positive monotonic correlation employee training and the organizational performance in RSSB. Basing on the study results, as regards to employee training procedures, the procedures aren’t incorporated in the new updates and reforms into RSSB training staff needs. Regarding employee training risk assessment, the human resources department at RSSB ought to offer diverse trainings and approaches that encourage and motivate employees.

Research title : INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT MANAGED WATER SUPPLIES AT KANZENZE WATER SUPPLIES, BUGESERA DISTRICT RWANDA []


The purpose of the study was to examine and assess the influence of community participation on water supplies projects, to determine and assess the effect of project financing and to assess community training of government managed water supplies in Rwanda specifically at Kanzenze water supplies in Bugesera District. Three theories was used to underpin the study. These theories are Resource Dependency Theory, Ecological Theory and Community Participation Theory. A descriptive survey design was used. The study population was composed of members of household water consumers, executive committee members and key informants and the targeted population consist of 154 respondents. The respondents were asked through survey method of the subject matter and government officials from relevant local institutions. The data collection was classified and organized in a methodical manner with the use of SPSS software package. Quantitative data techniques was analyzed by making inferences from the statement made by the respondents on the questionnaires around variables. The data used was presented by use of frequency distribution tables, percentages, and Pie Charts. The results of the study indicated that community participation affect the project sustainability by 94.04%,project financing by 94.70%, Staff Training by 89.40% , Technological impact do also influence the performance and sustainability of government water projects. The study concluded that a good number of the community water management was familiar with the performance and sustainability condition of the water supply projects and hence able to give reliable information. The study recommends that the improvement of capacity building programs and increasing the level of community ownership Interventions such as participation in community activities for cleaning constructed infrastructures (such as Umuganda), Water Catchment areas construction, Rain Water harvesting and the responsibilities provided by community to be introduced in Water Project long term plans to meet the objective of Water Project performance and sustainability.

ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AT A RWANDA-BASED NGO: THE CASE OF THE UNIVERSITY LEADERSHIP PROJECT []


ABSTRACT University leadership project is a Non-profit organization established in Rwanda from 2013 that invests in University students because they believe in them to lead and empower their communities. They support students to go for their higher education and organize pieces of leadership training to empower them to be future leaders One path in which poor project administration aptitudes as a rule shows itself is fizzled projects or delays in project execution. The failure to achieve the target of projects is due to different factors including leadership. The study present study entitled "Role of Organizational Leadership on Project Implementation at a Rwanda-based NGO: The case of the University Leadership Project" was guided by the general objective which is to analyse the role organizational leadership on implementation of University leadership project and the study also is guided by the following specific objectives: to determine the role of leadership skills on implementation of University leadership project; to find out the role of leadership experience on implementation of University leadership project; to assess the role of leadership control on implementation of University leadership project and to analyse the role of leadership styles on implementation of University leadership project. The study used descriptive research design and inferential research design. The sample size of the study was 56 employees of University leadership project. They study was based on two theories namely: Goal Setting Theory Traits Theory of Leadership. The study used universal sampling techniques because the sample size equals to the population of the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics as method of data analysis were also used. For the first objective, the study revealed that leadership skills has significance positive role on the implementation of University leadership project as indicated by β1= 0.314, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=6.926. For the second objective, the study revealed that leadership experience has significance positive role on the implementation of University leadership project as indicated by β2= 0.587, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=14.560. For the third objective, the study revealed that leadership control has significance positive role on the implementation of University leadership project as indicated by β3= 0.101, p-value=.008<0.05, t=3.060. For the fourth objective, the study revealed that leadership styles has significance positive role on University leadership project implementation as indicated by β4= 0.135, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=4.002. The study concluded that leadership skills, leadership experience, leadership control and leadership style are significantly linked to the implementation of University leadership project; they play an important role in enhancing project to be implemented. The study suggests introduction of effective controls including processes and procedures and that the management of the project should focus on longstanding approach on control in order to gain competitive advantage, ensure effective and efficient utilization of resources and achieve satisfactory progress on project implementation.

RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN RWANDA: A case of BUT General Trading Ltd []


ABSTRACT This research aimed at establishing the relationship between risk management practices and performance of construction projects in Rwanda as a general objective of this research. It was anchored on four main specific objectives, namely: to examine the relationship between risk avoidance and performance of construction projects; to assess the relationship between risk reduction and performance of construction projects; to establish the relationship between risk transfer and performance of construction projects, and to establish the relationship between risk retention and performance of construction projects. The study was of descriptive and correlation characters. It seeks to describe risk management strategies and performance of construction project at general trading in relation to the prescribed elements of conceptual framework. The population of the study comprised 64 respondents made of 15 supervision managers, and 49 technical staff. The study considered all population in the sample because they were less than hundred. Both primary and secondary data were sourced out for information of this research. Questionnaire and interview guide were the main research instruments used. SPSS was used to perform analysis of collected data. Correlation analysis was also used to analyse and quantify the relationship between variables. The study found that risk management speed up the project and prevent any unexpected delay and guide the implementation of prepared budget for making sound expenditure through following standard cash utilization process. Pearson correlation values of risk management strategies were greater than .5 shows high positive correlation with performance of construction projects. The regression analysis was done per objectives: For the first objective, it was revealed that risk avoidance has significance positive relationship with the performance of construction project as indicated by β1= .204, p=.017<0.05. For the second objective, the findings indicated that risk reduction has significance positive relationship with the performance of construction project as with β2=.163, p=.040<0.05. For the third objective, the findings showed that risk transfer have significance positive impact on performance of construction project as indicated by β3=.288, p=.002<0.05. For the fourth objective, the findings proved that risk acceptance has significance positive with the performance of construction project as indicated by β4=.296, p=0.003<0.05. The study recommends the increase of workshop sessions in order to develop young engineer’s capacity to identify and face the risk at construction site through organized seminars with construction professionals to exercise with project staff about risk cycle so that all staff take responsibility of managing risk for undertaken project because transferring a risk sometimes incur some costs.

THE EFFECT OF SYSTEM QUALITY AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH E-SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE (CASE STUDY: TRAVELOKA USERS IN MAKASSAR CITY) []


It is important for companies to improve the consumer experience, which can also be called the user experience, so a product must have compatibility between product features and user needs. Good system quality and product quality in the Traveloka application are important to be able to improve the user experience, which will lead to consumer satisfaction and can lead to repurchase intentions. This study aims to determine the effect of system quality and product quality on repurchase intention through E-satisfaction as intervening variables for Traveloka application users in Makassar City. This research is a quantitative study and uses nonprobability sampling techniques to determine the research sample. The respondents in this study were users of the Traveloka application in the city of Makassar. 210 respondents were processed and analyzed using the partial least squares data analysis technique in the Smartpls software.The results showed that System Quality had a significant effect on Repurchase Intention through E-Satisfaction for Traveloka application users, this was indicated by a T statistic value of 2,682 or (> 1.96) and a P Value of 0.007 (< 0.05). Product Quality has a significant effect on Repurchase Intention through E-Satisfaction for Traveloka application users, this is indicated by a T statistic value of 3,653 or (> 1.96) and a P Value of 0,000 (< 0.05). Accordingly, it can be said that E-Satisfaction is able to mediate system quality and product quality variables on repurchase intention.

THE EFFECT OF WORK QUALITY, WORK ENVIRONMENT, WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE IN THE MINISTRY RELIGION OF BOMBANA DISTRICT []


This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of work quality, work environment, and work motivation on employee performance mediated by the variable job satisfaction of the Ministry of Religion, Bombana Regency. This research includes confirmatory research. This research is categorized as survey research, where the research instrument is a questionnaire. The sample in this study took the employee population at the Office of the Ministry of Religion, Bombana Regency, totaling 59 people. Data was collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used was the analysis using SEM PLS. The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a negative and not significant effect between work quality on performance (2) the work environment has a positive and not significant effect on performance (3) work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (4) there is a positive effect and significant between the variable quality of work and job satisfaction (5) work environment has a positive and not significant effect on job satisfaction (6) work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction (7) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, this study shows that (8) job satisfaction can mediate the effect given by work motivation variables on employee performance, and (9) job satisfaction does not mediate work quality on performance. and (10) job satisfaction does not mediate the work environment on performance.

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE OF LAND TENURE REGULARIZATION SUPPORT PROJECT []


Although different studies suggested different reasons that should cause the success of the projects, some projects are still failing in Rwanda because of many factors including organizational culture. The study entitled “Influence of organizational culture on project performance. A case of land tenure regularization support project” is guided by four objectives: to find out the influence of management leadership on performance of land tenure regularization support project, to assess the influence of innovative culture on performance of land tenure regularization support project, to determine the influence of communication culture on performance of land tenure regularization support project and to find out the influence of employee recognition on performance of land tenure regularization support project. The research design to be used in this study was descriptive research design and inferential research design. The population of the study was 72 employees of and tenure regularization support project. The study used questionnaire as method of data collection and the researcher used descriptive statistics by serving quantitative and qualitative approach and inferential statistics such as correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis as method of data analysis. For the first objective, the findings revealed that management leadership has significance positive relationship with the performance of land tenure regularization support project as indicated by β1= 0.615, p=0.000<0.05. For the second objective, the findings revealed that communicative culture has significance positive relationship with the performance of land tenure regularization support project as indicated by β2=0.433, p=0.008<0.05. For the third object, the findings revealed that innovative culture have significance positive effect on performance of land tenure regularization support as indicated by β3= 0.407, p=0.005<0.05. For the fourth objective, the findings revealed that employee recognition has significance positive with the performance of land tenure regularization support project as indicated by β4= 0.270, p=0.001<0.05.The study also recommended that activities such as giving recognizing employees by awarding them certificates, motivating employees by having the employee of the month, giving them appreciation cards and that appreciation cards since it served as a motivation to the employees hence increasing their job performance in LTRSP.

Comparaison entre anesthésie générale versus rachianesthésie en neurochirurgie ( hernie discale lombaire) : étude réalisée a EHU ORAN (ALGERIE) []


Introduction La chirurgie de la hernie discale lombaire peut se faire sous anesthésie générale ou sous rachianesthésie. La rachianesthésie réduirait la consommation d'analgesiques et améliorerait le contrôle de l’analgésie postopératoire. Patients et méthodes Il s’agissait d’une étude de supériorité, randomisée, à inclusion prospective, unicentrique a l'EHU ORAN (ALGERIE) comparant les résultats cliniques de la rachianesthésie et de l’anesthésie générale. Tous les patients ayant participé à l’étude ont au préalable donné leur consentement oral et écrit. Cinquante patients pris en charge pour chirurgie d’une hernie discale lombaire ont été inclus dans l’étude. Selon la randomisation, les patients avaient soit une anesthésie générale soit une rachianesthésie (25 patients ont été opérés sous anesthésie générale et 25 patients sous rachianesthésie). Le critère de jugement principal était la consommation de morphine dans les 24heures après l’intervention chirurgicale. La consommation d’antiémétiques, la durée de l'acte opératoire, modifications hémodynamique (TA ,Fc,Spo2). l'evaluation globale de la douleur (EVA), les évènements indésirables se produisant dans les 24 premières heures nécessitant une prise en charge médicale étaient recueillis. Résultats La consommation de morphine pendant les 24 premières heures en postopératoire était réduite de manière significative (p<0,0022) dans le groupe RA (10,28mg±11,6) en comparaison avec le groupe AG (19,84mg±12,19), la satisfaction globale de la prise en charge (p<0,0024) et la stabilité hémodynamique (p<0,0001) étaient meilleures dans le groupe RA. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée concernant les complications peropératoires, le saignement peropératoire, les complications postopératoires, les nausées et les vomissements postopératoires (Tableau 1). Discussion La rachianesthésie diminue la consommation de morphine après chirurgie de la hernie discale lombaire, permet un meilleur contrôle de l’analgésie postopératoire, une meilleure stabilité hémodynamique peropératoire et une plus grande satisfaction globale des patients par rapport à l’anesthésie générale

Heated Towel []


Regular towels have been available to us ever since to assist in drying our bodies and avert the onset of chills. Once our bodies have dried after wiping, they just set the towel aside and continue their activities while dealing with shivers. A gadget to keep the body warm on chilly days was the goal of the investigation. It specifically established the device's properties, the voltage effect, and the power wattage of the final product. Construction and experimental approaches were used to get the data for this investigation. It also identifies the most effective material from all trials and experiments and the best material combinations for a heating pad at an affordable price to develop a more affordable device. The device was finally employed as a heating pad in a heated towel. It will be used as a warmer for those feeling chilly, especially during outdoor activities, so they updated it in terms of its longevity and efficacy. The materials combined with the design produced an exceedingly safe and well-designed device. The outcome is a heated towel to stay warm when engaging in indoor or outdoor activities. The material combination can maintain the temperature, and the heating pad's heat output may increase. The Heated Towel is an innovation of the towel sold in the market. It is unique because it can warm our bodies during cold days when outside of the house. The temperature of the heated towel is monitored so that users can adjust to the heat produced by the towel. Many materials have been tested to be used as heated pad, and this paper was able to show how temperature varies with the properties of materials.

PROBLEMATIQUE DU FONCTIONNEMENT DES NOUVELLES PROVINCES FACE A L'ENCLAVEMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO: CAS DE LA PROVINCE DE HAUT-UELE []


Le sujet a porté sur la problématique du fonctionnement des nouvelles provinces face à l’enclavement socio-économique en RDC. En effet, l’idée des 26 provinces tire sa source dans la constitution du 18 février avec comme objectif l’autonomisation de gestion des provinces en vue d’accélère a tous les niveaux les processus du développement. Certes, beaucoup des provinces sont devenues autonomes avec plusieurs défis à relever, notamment celui de l’enclavement socio-économique ne favorisant pas la connexion des flux-économique entre les provinces avec les autres parties du monde. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à relever ces multiples défis dans la province de Haut-Uélé et mettre en place au modelé à suivre comme piste de solutions pour amener la province de Haut-Uélé à accélérer le processus de son développement dans son environnement socio-économique malsain.

GESTION DES MILITANTS DANS UN PARTI POLIQUE. ESSAI D’UNE ANALYSE SOCIOPOLITIQUE EN RDC []


L’expression politique des aspirations du peuple transite par des rouages bien organisés. Les partis politiques sont à ce stade bien placés car étant tout groupe d’individus qui englobant les mêmes vues politiques, s’efforcent de le faire prévaloir, à la fois en y ralliant le grand nombre possible de citoyens et en cherchant à conquérir le pouvoir ou du moins à influencer ses décisions. Pour arriver à cette fin, les partis politiques doivent être bien organisés avec un nombre assez suffisant des militants, et c’est là que se pose le problème de gestion de ces derniers dans la mesure où, il n’y a pas d’organisations viables sans engagement actif d’un minimum d’individu au service des objectifs qu’elle se donne. Bien que d’une manière générale les membres regardent vers la même direction, ils ont aussi des logiques d’intérêts et des analyses particulières qui peuvent les amener à des contradictions, d’où la nécessité d’une bonne gestion des membres en vue d’amener tout le monde dans la logique des idéaux poursuivis.

he impacts of capital structure strategies on financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria: A comparative study []


ABSTRACT This study examines the impacts of capital structure strategies on financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria: A comparative study. A regressions analysis was used for the analysis of the data and pre-estimation tests were carried out. 11 firms were randomly chosen from each of manufacturing sector and healthcare sector. Data were obtained from the yearly financial reports of the selected listed firms on the Market Price per Share (MPS), Equity Ratio (EQR), Dividend per Share (DPS) and Debt Ratio (DR) covering a period of 10 year, from 2012 -2021 to test for relationship that exists between capital structures and market values in manufacturing sector and healthcare sector. The findings of this study showed that the explanatory variables (EQR and DPS) in both sectors have significant positive relationships with dependent variable (MPS) while DR has significant positive relationships in both firms but the impacts of capital structure strategies on financial performance in healthcare sector is better than that of manufacturing sector. It was discovered that the impacts of capital structure on market values differ between these two sectors in the Nigerian economy. The study recommends that management of firms pay particular attention to equity in the capital structure (which results show has negative effect on market value).Key words: Capital structure; Market values; Optimal mix of capital

Assessment of monitoring and evaluation practice and performance of Akazikanoze Access project Nyaruguru distinct Rwanda []


Monitoring and evaluation practices in projects are crucial in identifying the organization’s achievements and effectiveness of its projects, the practices account for greater transparency and accountability. The study entitled “Assessment of Project Monitoring and Evaluation on Project Performance of Akazikanoze Access Project” the study was guided by four objectives: to determine the effect of monitoring planning on the performance of Akazikanoze Access Project, to analyze the effect of capacity building of on the performance of Akazikanoze Access Project, to find out the effect of budgeting on the performance of Akazikanoze Access Project and to assess the effect of monitoring tools and techniques practices on the performance of Akazikanoze Access Project. The study used descriptive research design and inferential research design. The sample size of the study was 67 employees of Akazikanoze Access project. The study used universal sampling techniques because the sample size equals to the population of the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics as method of data analysis were also used. For the first objective, the study revealed that monitoring planning have significance positive effect on the performance of Akazikanoze Access project as indicated by β1= 0.267, p=0.012<0.05, t= 2.6. For the second objective, the study revealed that capacity building has significance positive effect on the performance of Akazikanoze Access project as indicated by β2=0.218, p=0.025<0.05, t=2.195. For the third objective, the study revealed that budgeting has a significance positive effect on the performance of Akazikanoze Access project as indicated by β3= 0.243, p=0.002<0.05, t= 3.177. For the fourth objective, the study revealed that tools and techniques have significance positive effect on the performance of Akazikanoze Access project as indicated by β4= 0.411, p=0.003<0.05, t= 3.072. Based on the finding, the study indicated that there is a relationship between monitoring and evaluation practices such as planning, capacity building, budgeting, tools and techniques and the performance in Akazikanoze Access project where 70.1% of respondents stated that monitoring facilitates transparency and accountability of the of project resources and 64.2% reported that the project gives regular project progress reports on its performance. The study suggests that capacity building practice should be encouraged by the organizational management because most development organizations are involved in the practice for achieving development goals and contributing to sustainability in terms of specific skills through planned interventions, such as technical assistance, training courses and other actions.