Volume 11, Issue 8, August 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Causes and Effects of Malnutrition in Chin State, Myanmar []


Being the poorest state in Myanmar, lacking suitable infrastructure such as health institutions, robust policies, and armed conflicts, malnutrition has recently been a growing concern in Chin State. It became the primary reason for the state's high mortality rate among under-5-year-old children. The study was conducted with both quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher analyzed different data, literature, reports, and policies to examine the policy gaps in malnutrition in Chin State and develop policy recommendations. The study found five main factors causing malnutrition in Chin State. They are poverty, food shortage, maternal education, unhealthy conditions, and inaccessibility to health care. The researcher also came up with four policy suggestions in infrastructure, health care, agriculture policy, and health education to tackle the issue.

STUDENT DIGITAL ADMISSION AND ACADEMIC MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN WESTERN KENYA []


COVID-19 crisis forced Education Systems worldwide to find alternatives to in-person Management. As a result, digital management of student’s academics was used on an unprecedented scale. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of digital platform on the management of student’s academics in public universities in western Kenya. The study was designed to examine the use of digital tools on Admission in management of student’s academics in public universities in western Kenya. The target population was picked from 1043 respondents comprising 543 university academic staff in Western Kenya comprising; lecturers, CODs’ and 500 students. The study adopted a sample size of 289 respondents that were a representative of the study population. The mixed research design was adopted where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Sampling involved the use proportionate stratified random sampling. Data collection instruments included the use of questionnaires, interviews and observation. Data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics; Mean median and standard deviation while inferential statistics used were Logistic regression analysis and Chi square test. The study was informed by the theory of online collaborative learning and the management theory. The outcome displayed that student digital admission had some significance on academic management in public universities in Western Kenya with a constant coefficient value of 2.534. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that digital admission of students offers consistent evaluation techniques, assessment, tracking, monitoring and evaluation of students. This study recommends that admission of students in universities should be done through the digital platform in order to reach out many students and especially those who are very far from the university.

Organizational Justice and Employee Commitment: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Selected Public Sector Organizations within Jos-Bukuru Metropolis. []


ABSTRACT Inadequate commitment of the employees in the public sector organizations inspired this research work, to enable the researcher to discover and ascertain the relationship between organizational justice and employee commitment. This dissertation joins vibrate conversation in human resource management about the challenging nature of dispensing justice and fairness that will trigger commitment of public servant. The objectives of the research were to establish the relationship between organizational justice and employee commitment in Jos-Bukuru metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. Job satisfaction was used in the study as a mediating variable between the independent and dependent variables. Equity theory, reactive content theory and the proactive content theory was used as the underpinning and supportive theory. Survey research design was adopted while stratified sampling was used as a technique. Primary data were used in the study, questionnaire was administered with the aid of four-point likert scale designed. 382 questionnaires were administered, while 350 questionnaires were returned. Product moment correlation and multiple regression model was used as a tool for the analysis, four null hypotheses were tested in the study. The result of the finding reveals that, there is significant relationship between organizational justice and employees commitment. The study also recommend that fairness, equity and justice should be employed in rendering welfare, incentives and social intervention scheme to the public servant in their respective organizations. The main contribution to knowledge is that the study will improve the administrative capacity of managers, knowledge of justice and implication in the organization growth and development. Key words: Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Employee Commitment and Public Sector Organizations

Exotoxins: Molecular Mechanisms, Pathogenicity, and Therapeutic Implications []


Exotoxins, a diverse class of potent virulence factors produced by pathogenic microorganisms, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases by manipulating host cellular processes and eliciting robust immune responses. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of exotoxins, encompassing their classification, intricate molecular mechanisms of action, significant contributions to disease pathogenicity, and potential therapeutic applications. By elucidating the intricate interplay between exotoxins and host physiology, this study provides crucial insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies against exotoxin-mediated infections. Infectious diseases caused by exotoxin-producing microorganisms continue to pose substantial global public health challenges. Understanding the molecular intricacies of exotoxin action is imperative for devising effective treatments and preventive measures. Exotoxins are classified into several major groups based on their structural and functional characteristics. A-B toxins, exemplified by diphtheria toxin and cholera toxin, consist of two functional subunits: the enzymatically active A subunit and the receptor-binding B subunit. Other classes include membrane-damaging toxins, such as alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus, which disrupt host cell membranes, and superantigens like Staphylococcal enterotoxins, which induce an excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanisms by which exotoxins interact with host cells are highly specific, enabling the subversion of cellular processes. For A-B toxins, receptor binding initiates endocytosis, leading to the translocation of the A subunit into the host cell cytoplasm, where it disrupts essential cellular functions. Membrane-damaging toxins form pores in host cell membranes, causing cell lysis and tissue damage. Superantigens interact with MHC class II molecules and T cell receptors, triggering an overwhelming release of cytokines. Enzymatic toxins, exemplified by botulinum neurotoxins, specifically act on intracellular substrates, leading to functional disruption and cell death. Exotoxins significantly contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of various infectious diseases. Corynebacterium diphtheriae-produced diphtheria toxin causes severe throat inflammation and necrosis through the inhibition of protein synthesis. Vibrio cholerae-secreted cholera toxin induces profuse diarrhea and dehydration by stimulating uncontrolled secretion of electrolytes and water in the intestines. Alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus disrupts cell membranes, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Clostridium botulinum-produced botulinum neurotoxins cause muscle paralysis and systemic toxicity by inhibiting neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions.

Relationship between effective communication and service delivery in institutions of higher learning. A case study of Presbyterian University of East Africa []


The role of effective communication and continuous improvement is vital in the development of service delivery in a growing institution. Effective communication and service delivery is linked with the adoption of quality management systems in institutions of higher learning. Therefore, this project has established the depth at which communication affects service delivery in the institutions of higher learning, research being carried out at the Presbyterian University of East Africa, Kikuyu Campus. The literature review for this project was reviewed according to the objectives of this study. The project adopted a descriptive research design. Qualitative and quantitative data sampling has been used to determine the sample size. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires that were administered to the respondents randomly. The findings of the study found that 158 respondents emphasize that the management of institutions of higher learning needs to motivate employees and improve channels of communication to enhance the flow of information. Secondly, 43.9% of the population signifies that communication both ways is practiced in the institution. In all levels of the organization, 48.78% of the population felt indicated that they were not satisfied by the way information was availed to them either from the management, departments, seniT;,55555555555555555555555555M,,,,,';[-9or staff to junior staff, or vice versaJJBJJJUJUUVHBUGYT7V UUUUTJVV ,M.,,,,,,,,KX8,/. The research done for Figure 4.11 signifies that almost all the population interviewed via a questionnaire were surAKKTGe communication has everything to do with service delivery at 307.32 out of 360 degrees. In this case, then it is clear that communication is a factor that is of essence to service delivery in an institution of higher learning, the case of the Presbyterian University of East Africa.

Clinical Waste Management Practice and Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers In Kabgayi Hospital, Rwanda. []


ABSTRACT Background: The remarkable increase in waste generation is seen, where globally 75%–90% of non-hazardous wastes, whereas 10%–25% are hazardous wastes and Around 0.5 kg (bed-day) of hazardous waste are generated in the high-income countries, whereas 0.2 kg (bed-day) are generated in low-income countries. (Emad,2011). For the only African continent over 67,000 healthcare facilities generate 283,000 tons of clinical waste each year and the proportion of healthcare facilities that use inappropriate waste disposal method varies from 18% to 64%. In Rwanda national volume of 5.168 kg/day of medical waste is generated by inpatients and outpatients and total amount of 60,775,164 kg of waste annually, which is made of 74% of non-infectious waste, 24% of liquid waste and 1.2 % of infectious and/or hazardous waste. (MWMP, 2017). Material and Methods: My study used a cross-sectional study design with quantitative method approach. A simple random sampling technique was performed for 200 representative sample out of 400 total population including doctors, nurses, midwifes, lab technicians, pharmacists and allied health professionals. A Structured questionnaire was the main tool of data collection. Descriptive analysis displaying frequency and proportions were as well used. P-value less than 0.05 were significantly considered to associate with outcome variable in binary logistic regression analysis and the strengths of association multivariate logistic regression analysis were measured by AOR with a 95% confidence level. Results: The study revealed that more than a half (68%) had a good practice. The factors strongly associated with good practice after multivariate analysis were gender, profession, and working hours in a day. Males had good practice of clinical waste management (AOR: 1.837, 95% CI:1.09-4.116), medical doctor had good clinical waste management practice (AOR:4.035, 95% CI:1.382-11.778), working hours in a day was strongly associated with good clinical waste management practice (AOR:1.899, 95% CI:1.000-3.608) than over time. Conclusion: The current study found that practice about clinical waste management were high at 68% and Gender, occupation and working hours in a day were the factors strongly associated with good clinical waste management practice among healthcare workers in Kabgayi hospital, Rwanda. Therefore, there should be an increase in continuous education and training, towards waste management and to make it a responsibility to anyone among healthcare workers from both gender and from different professional groups at the hospital. There should be an increase of number of healthcare workforce to bring about improved team work and task shifting at district hospital. And researchers should be encouraged to conduct research pertaining clinical waste management over a wide geographic area. Key words: Clinical waste management practice, factors associated with clinical waste management practice, health care workers, Kabgayi hospital, Rwanda.

ULTRA-LOW SENSITIVE FBG HYDROGEN GAS SENSOR BASED ON LASER ABLATED FIBER MICRO-TRENCHES AND PT-WO3 []


The correlation between hydrogen concentration (0–0.5%) and peak wavelength shift of FBG optical fiber sensors were investigated and analyzed. In order to enhance its sensitivity, the fiber cladding was ablated into eight straight micro-cavities (19 μm in depth) using Femtosecond laser facility. This process was aimed at increasing the fiber cladding surface area covered by hydrogen sensitive transducer. Pt-WO3 nano lamellae were prepared by hydrothermal process at molar ratio of 1:5 respectively and deposited on the surface of fiber cladded micro-trenches forming ~2 μm uniform coating. The choice of Tungsten oxide (WO3) as the hydrogen gas transducer was dictated by the following facts. First, it reacts exothermically in low hydrogen environment under Pt catalyst generating massive heat leading to FBG central wavelength shift. Secondly, the Pt-WO3 nano-lamellae exhibits a morphological porosity in its micro-structure thus, enhancing hydrogen gas absorption and desorption. The proposed sensor has a quick hydrogen response and recovery time of 25 and 30 s respectively. Additionally, it exhibits a high sensitivity of 434.21 pm∕H% within the range of 0%–0.4%.

CORRELATES ON THE OPERATION OF POLICY ON ROAD SAFETY SYSTEM AND ROAD SAFETY IMPROVEMENT OF LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE IN COTABATO CITY []


This research aimed to determine the policy implementation of the road safety system of the Land Transportation Office in Cotabato City using descriptive – correlational design to the 60 selected respondents composed of 15 LTO personnel, 20 drivers, 20 commuters, and 5 Smoke Emission owners. The study made use of mean and Pearson r- correlation in the data analysis. The findings revealed the extent of policy implementation of the five pillars of the road safety system regarding road safety management, safer roads, safer vehicles, safer road users, and improved trauma care and rehabilitation that were interpreted as implemented. The extent of safety improvement in terms of awareness of road safety measures was highly implemented. On the other hand, the acceptance of road safety measures, alternative road safety measures, and actions to ensure road safety were all interpreted as improved. The correlational analysis between implementing the five pillars of road safety management and road safety improvement reveals a significant relationship. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. This means that the implementation of a road safety management system is helpful in the advancement of road safety for the public. The study concludes that the performance of road safety management system had been implemented. Still, some aspects are not fully monitored and enforced, such as using a cellphone while driving that can become a cause for accidents, and using a seatbelt, which is very helpful in protecting the rider in case accidents happen. The study recommends that intensification of advocacy campaigns on the road safety measures be done to increase cooperation and compliance. Keywords— Social Science, public governance, road safety, land transportation, descriptive-correlation, Philippines

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF REUSE OIL FOR FRYING FAST FOOD IN RESTAURANT IN BAUCHI, METROPOLY. []


The present study was carried out to investigate the degree of rancidity and quality of reused cooking oil for frying fast food such as fish, beans cake, potatoes, maza (fermented puff batter) and doughnut, in Bauchi State, Nigeria. 100ml of reused cooking oils from each food sample were collected from five (5) different fast food restaurants. Physicochemical properties of each sample of reused oil were analyzed has followed: acid value (6.02-16.06 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (18.09-38.12 mEqv/kg), Iodine value (2.56-6.04mEqv/kg), saponification value (186.25-210.07mEqv/kg), Free fatty acid (2.44-8.12%), moisture content (2.40-2.80 %)and viscosity (22.14-48.22mm2/S) respectively. The results obtained for sensory properties for reused cooking oil suggested that there was significant (p>0.05) in the level of rancidity. Due to hazardous secondary oxidative products which make it unsafe for human consumption. The reason given for this is that the oil has been used for frying for too many times instead of the recommended two times. The values obtained in this study far exceeded the stipulated standard acceptable ranges given by WHO, FAO and INSO. It is therefore recommended that there should be awareness and education among the fast food seller on the reuse of cooking oil for frying food products. In the same vein, public should be advised and oriented that oil that has been used for frying food items twice should be discarded and food from such oil be avoided. Also, Policy makers and relevant authorities should pass a bill and to determine when frying oils should be discarded.

COMPARATIVE EVALUTION OF NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF CEREAL- BASED COMPOSITE PORRIDGE SUPPLEMENT WITH SOY AND ALMOND MILKS. []


Traditional complementary foods are with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like soy beans and almond seeds. This research thus aimed at investigating nutritional quality of infant formulated diet from locally underutilized almond seeds, soybeans and coconut. The milks were produced from locally accessible plant –based vegetable. The energy was supplied from cereals. This finding was set to evaluate the formulation of weaning food from cereal-based composite porridges that supplement with soy-milk and almond milk as an alternative source for breast milk. The mixture of malted rice, powdered carrot, date and almond milk were mixed to slurry (formulation I) and boiled for 3-4mins. The same procedure was repeated for formulation II. The formulations and commercial based meal (control) were fed to experimental animals (white albino rat) for the period of three week (21-days). The performance in term of protein efficiency ratio, nitrogen retention and tissue weights were comparable with those of similar commercial weaning food (cerelac) sold in the market. The proximate and sensory analyses were also determined on new baby food as well. The results showed that the study successfully produced two different formulated diets of rice, carrot, date palm and using soy and almond milk as alternative sources for breast milk with acceptable sensory characteristic as well as excellent nutritional quality.

DEMONSTRATION DE La Conjecture de Christian Goldbach []


true on many examples and that has never been proven. In mathematics there are several conjectures, such as the Goldbach conjecture discovered by mathematician Christian Goldbach. In a letter addressed to Leonhard Euler in 1742 Goldbach submits his conjecture. Many mathematicians have tried and are still trying to explain it, but for now no one has done it yet. So I propose my demonstration of this conjecture hoping that it will be validated by you.

Analysis of the Potential Effects of the Alaoji - Onitsha 330 kV Transmission line on Environmental Resources []


The study analysed the potential effects of the Alaoji-Onitsha 330 kV transmission line on environmental resources. The study made use of landsat satellite imagery for landuse classification, soil nutrient imagery and MODIS for vegetation health. Buffering analysis was used to generate 30 m and 50 m right of way from the transmission line in ArcGIS 7.0 environment and the radii polygons were used to generate the potential spatial extent of the environmental resources considered for the study. Descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. Results showed that at 30 m ROW, settlements and waterbodies was expected to have more spatial coverage of 0.59 sq km (25.32%) and 1.1 sq km (47.21%). Similarly, 2.61 sq km (47.11%) of settlements and 1.83 sq km (33.03%) were expected to be affected at the 50 m ROW. The mean soil nutrient of 1109.51 mg/kg and 1237.05 mg/kg were to be affected at the 30 m ROW and 50 m ROW respectively. Also, the mean vegetation health of 0.3629 and 0.4788 were to be affected at the 30 m ROW and 50m ROW of the transmission line respectively. The study concluded that the potential effect of the acquisition of the right of way on soil nutrient, landuse and vegetation health increased with increasing distance from the transmission line. It is recommended among others that periodic study is very essential to checkmate the extent of violation of the defaulters and to discover the activities going on in the reserved setback for the transmission lines.

A Comprehensive Review for YOLO-based Vehicle Counting Systems in Traffic Management []


Traffic management remains a pressing challenge globally, with particular complexities in the context of Nigeria's diverse road conditions and traffic patterns. This research paper presents an in-depth literature review for You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm-based vehicle counting systems for optimized traffic management in Nigeria. The study critically analysed eight selected papers, highlighting their contributions and identifying opportunities for improvement. However, a significant research gap is identified—the limited adaptation of these algorithms to Nigeria's unique transportation challenges. This research's findings are expected to contribute significantly to Nigeria's traffic management strategies, offering a roadmap for the adoption of YOLO-based systems that align with the country's unique transportation landscape.

Blood donation management system using K-Nearest neighbor []


Blood donation management plays a critical role in ensuring a constant supply of safe and compatible blood for transfusion purposes. This research paper proposes a Blood Donation Management System that employs the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm to optimize the process of matching blood donors with recipients. The system aims to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of blood donation operations, ultimately saving more lives. The research includes an implementation of the system, and a comparison with alternative algorithms.

Intelligent travel recommendation system for transforming Nigeria Tourism []


The tourism industry's rapid growth and increasing complexity necessitate innovative solutions to enhance travelers' experiences and industry growth. This research focuses on addressing challenges in travel recommendation systems to provide personalized and effective recommendations. Literature reviews reveal the prevalence of information overload, generic experiences, and limitations in existing algorithms. Notable studies emphasized hybrid filtering's accuracy and diversity. Collaborative filtering's potential, content-based features, machine learning-based enhancements, and hybrid recommendation systems are investigated. However, gaps exist in deeper algorithm comparisons, content-based emphasis, and integrating various algorithms effectively. The proposed research aims to design and implement an intelligent travel recommendation system addressing these limitations. A hybrid approach, integrating collaborative and content-based filtering, will be employed. The system will leverage user feedback, historical data, and contextual factors to offer personalized travel recommendations. Implementation will emphasize user-friendly interfaces, and evaluation will focus on recommendation accuracy, user satisfaction, and diversity. The research will contribute to both the field of recommendation systems and the broader tourism industry, fostering better user experiences and sustainable growth.

Attendance management system for blended learning in tertiary institutions: a proposal []


Most educational administrators are concerned about students’ irregular attendance, and staff’s inappropriateness and unavailability in lecturing students. A variety of attendance systems have been adopted, including biometric-based attendance systems, RFID-based attendance systems, geofencing mobile-based attendance systems and web-based attendance systems. With the increasing relevance of blended learning, attendance collecting systems are no longer adequate to meet the needs of Institutions. In this research, we proposed a unified standardized relational database design, algorithms and architecture for the proposed attendance system for blended learning. The proposed system allows for the tracking of engagement and early identification of disengagement through the use of rich analytics, allowing for intervention as well as efficient and effective report evaluation for staff and students.

Examining the Impact of IPOB Sit-at-Home Lockdown and Insecurity on School System in Imo State, Nigeria []


The paper examined the impact of IPOB Sit-at-Home Lockdown and Insecurity on School System in Imo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify impacts of sit-at-home and insecurity on the school system in the Imo state and to find out the common causes of insecurity in Schools. Content analysis method was used in the paper presentation. Primary and Secondary data were sorted from online publications. The paper adopted Structural Violence Theory. The paper identified weak security system, corruption, youth unemployment, porous borders, poverty, and ideology, and so on as the causes of insecurity in Imo state and the Southeast region. The impacts of these orders and insecurity include loss of access to education, disruption of school calendar the psychosocial well-being of learners, and the teaching-learning process was also affected and destruction of basic Schools facilities were some of the negative impacts of insecurity on the School system in Imo state, Nigeria. It was recommended based on the findings that the Federal and State government should employ political solutions to address the issues of the agitators in the southeast region. This will help to reduce the tension in the region and restore parent confidence in the safety of their children in schools across the state and the region.

IMPROVING INMATE INTERACTION THROUGH A STUDY OF CIRCULATION IN PORT HARCOURT REMAND HOME []


A good correctional facility derives from an understanding of the needs of the facility's users, who are the young people who live there and the institution in charge of providing for their care. At the architectural design stage of a correctional facility, it is necessary to consider the quality that enhances the rehabilitation process and implement. The study examined the home and environment of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria, with emphasis on Port Harcourt remand home as a case study. The main purpose of this study is to Improve Inmate Interaction through circulation. Hence, visual surveys were used to collect data and group discussions were held in juvenile correctional facilities. This study concludes that using practices of architectural circulation and supervision of inmate contact behavior management in the construction of a correctional facility, based on normative design principles plays a significant role in lowering crime and recidivism rates. Keywords: Inmate interaction, Juvenile, correctional facility, architectural circulation, rehabilitation.

LA LANGUE SPÉCIALISÉE : UNE RÉFLEXION TERMINOLOGIQUE POUR UNE CONCEPTUALISATION BIDIMENSIONNELLE []


In this article, we focus on the issue of specialized language, examining it from two analytical perspectives. Firstly, we examine the different denominations used and the associated concepts, which may lead to uncertainties regarding their usage. Secondly, we delve into the extra-linguistic aspects related to specialized language. The objective is to gain a better understanding of this notion by identifying the inherent difficulties in its definition. The article adopts a two-tiered approach to study: the first level focuses on the terminological aspect, while the second explores the extra-linguistic dimensions associated with it.

LECTURE THEATRE COMPLEX: EXAMINING/REDEFINING CIRCULATION/MOVEMENT FLOW PATTERNS FOR BETTER CROWD CONTROL []


The study focuses on addressing the challenges of managing crowd circulation patterns within lecture theatre complexes on university campuses. With a backdrop of increasing student populations and the need for efficient crowd control, the research aims to redefine movement flow patterns to enhance crowd management, adapt to growth, and provide design guidelines for architects. The study employs principles of crowd control to address the collision of inflowing and outflowing crowds, intending to design effective circulation systems in lecture theatre buildings. The research begins by exploring the concept of circulation as a defining dynamic in architecture, emphasizing the importance of controlling movement flows to optimize space usage. The significance of the study lies in its potential to provide architects with practical design insights for public buildings, particularly theatre complexes, which experience high crowd densities during transitions between events. The study draws on historical and contemporary examples of lecture theatre designs, analysing the evolution of crowd behaviour and crowd control strategies. It highlights the challenges posed by crowd behaviour and the need for effective circulation and management strategies. The concept of "The Mainstream Flow" is introduced as a one-way movement flow approach inspired by a river system, using crash bars to regulate entry and exit points to lecture theatres. The case studies of AULA at TU Delft and LT Building at Rivers State University provide concrete examples of the challenges faced in managing crowd circulation within lecture theatre complexes. The proposed "Mainstream Flow" concept is analysed and discussed, using a prototype 400-seat lecture theatre as a basis for simulation. The concept aims to minimize collisions between incoming and outgoing crowds by enforcing one-way movement paths. The study concludes by recommending the adoption of the "Mainstream Flow" concept to optimize crowd control in lecture theatre designs. It acknowledges the potential limitations of any design approach and emphasizes the need for continuous research to refine circulation management strategies.

THE RELEVANCE AND ORIENTATION OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE: ALIGNING WITH EDUCATION 5.0 []


Abstract This paper seeks to understand and explain the relevance and orientation of teacher education (TE) in Zimbabwe and is based on the multiple case study carried out by the author. Preliminary study identified a gap in form of a misalignment of teacher education with Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 policy in so far as entrepreneurship, innovation and industrialisation were lacking in TE curriculum and practice. The new government policy of Education 5.0 was perceived to have revealed a misalignment between the practiced Education 3.0 and the intended Heritage Based Education 5.0 Curriculum, because of the absence of entrepreneurship and innovation for industrialisation and sustainable development in the former. The study sought to add to literature on entrepreneurship and innovation in teacher education and also promote the development of entrepreneurial and innovative teacher graduates for industrialisation through heritage-based education 5.0 pre and in-service teacher education system in the context of sustainable development. This study was guided by the constructivist philosophy and the interpretivist paradigm. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the embedded multiple case study method because of the flexibility and diversity in data generation that they allow. The study utilised the three case sites (teachers colleges) within the broader teacher education case in Zimbabwe and that explains the embeddedness. The purposive, non-random probability sampling procedure, featuring judgemental and convenience sampling was employed in the study. Data generation process involved key and other informant interviews, focus group discussion, observations and qualitative document analysis. Data was presented and analysed using the thematic and N-vivo approaches respectively. The study found that there was misalignment between the practiced Education 3.0 teacher education curriculum and the intended Heritage based, HTE 5.0 informed curriculum and this was causing policy-practice dissonance that could be inhibiting the realisation of SDGs, and thus called for curriculum alignment and harmonisation through transformation. This study, therefore, suggested and recommended the Programmatic Framework for Entrepreneurial Teacher Education for the Zimbabwean context. The study contributes to policy alignment discourse by making multiple theoretical insights. The study, therefore, complements the extant perspectives on curriculum policy alignment and teacher education for industrialisation and sustainable economic growth. Key Words Design Thinking, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Education, Heritage Based Education 5.0, Innovation, Sustainable Development, Teacherpreneur.

PRODUCTION OF CASTOR OIL FROM RICINUS COMMUNIS AND ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN COMPARISON WITH PALM OIL []


The aim of this paper work is to produce castor oil and compare the physicochemical characteristics of pam oil and castor oil from Ricinus communis. The Ricinus communis is the important crop and has good quality and be in medicinal and industries according to good standard of free fatty acid, total acidity; peroxide value; saponification value and moisture content. Here, the seeds were cleaned and crushed. The oil was extracted by solvents extraction, the peroxide value of castor oil was tested and the result was 11.6±2.98. Accordingly, the castor oil has longer shelf life than palm oil where its value of palm oil was 10.6±3.93. The free fatty acids were tested the results were 0.33±0.86. This implies that castor oil has less free fatty acid compared to the palm oil which cause the castor oil to be good in human body. The saponification value was tested and the result was 194±6.01. The castor oil has lower saponification than palm oil where palm oil was 209±8.01 while castor oil was 194±6.01 due to the Ricinoleic chain present in castor oil. The total acidity was tested and the result showed a value of 0.68±0.17; which is lower than palm oil. Lastly, the moisture content was tested the result was 5.00±0.78. Therefore, the castor seed oil contains a good amount of oil with good physicochemical characteristics and it could be one of the promising sources of medicinal oil in Rwanda. Keywords: Castor oil, Ricinus Communis, Extraction, Palm oil.

Determination of the Prevalence of Depression Among Students in Public Universities In Kenya: A Case of Kisii University. []


Depression is a common and severe mental illness that impairs the sufferer’s emotional state. It is characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behaviour and poor relationship with other people. Moreover, depression is a complex illness, that takes many forms, while remaining widely under-diagnosed and under-reported. It has a global presence, is a significant contributor to the burden of disease, and affects people of all ages, sexes, and communities. In 2020, depression was estimated to affect approximately 280 million people, or 3.8% of the world population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among students in public universities in Kenya: a case of Kisii Universality. The study adopted a correlational research design and survey instruments to collect data to determine the strength and/or direction of the relationship. This study also utilized a random sampling technique because the methodology has a tendency of being free from bias, and results in a more representative sample of the population. A total of 896 respondents were used. The study was supported by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and found that the prevalence rate of depression among university students was 48.8%. In addition, gender, age, year of study, residency, field of study, and religious affiliation were among the factors that influence the prevalence of depression. Key words: Behaviour, Demographic, Depression, Health, mental, population, Prevalence, students,

Assessing Impact of different NP levels and Organic Fertilizers on wheat crop productivity []


A field trail entitled with “Assessing impact of various NP levels and Organic fertilizers on wheat crop productivity” was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during the Rabi Season of 2021-2022. The aim of this research was to examine how different levels of NP in combination with organic fertilizer impact wheat yield. To ensure accurate results, the experimental trial was set up using a (RCBD) with a split plot arrangement. The trial included four replications to enhance the reliability of the findings. Different Inorganic NP levels of 90:60, 110:80, 130:100, 150:120, and 170:140 kg/ha were applied at sowing time, with nitrogen being split into two doses, half at sowing and the remaining at the first irrigation. Different organic fertilizers, including 1.26 liters ha-1 of maxicrop sea gold sprayed after emergence, 6 tons ha-1 of poultry manure and 11 tons ha-1 of farmyard manure applied before sowing. The highest recorded values for, spike length (12.1 cm), productive tillers (268 m-2), 1000 grain weight (47.6 g), grains per spike (54.2), and biological yield (10450 kg/ha-1) were obtained with the application of 6 tons ha-1 of poultry manure. Similarly, the highest values for productive tillers (285 m-2), spike length (11.9 cm), grains per spike (55.9), 1000 grain weight (50.8 g), and biological yield (11103 kg/ha-1) were observed with an NP ratio of 130:100 kg ha-1 .The study found that there was a significant interaction between NP levels and organic fertilizers, which had a notable impact on several parameters, such as productive tillers, grains per spike, spike length, thousand grain weight, and biological yield. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the most effective combination for promoting the growth and yield of wheat was the application of NP at a ratio of 130:100 kg ha-1 in conjunction with poultry manure at a rate of 6 tons ha-1.

Technology integration and teachers’ professional development in Somalia []


Technology integration and teachers’ professional development in Somalia aims to examine the connection between teacher training and the use of education technology in Somali classrooms. Somalia faces considerable challenges in its education system due to years of conflict, but it is working to incorporate technology as a means to improve teaching and learning. While mobile phones and computer labs have expanded access, many teachers lack the skills to effectively utilize technology for instruction. Ongoing professional development is crucial for building digital literacy and pedagogical strategies among instructors. This paper analyzes the current status of integration efforts in Somalia and the challenges that remain, such as inadequate infrastructure and financial support limitations. It discusses recommendations including prioritizing long-term, skills-focused teacher training programs; encouraging collaborative communities; strengthening partnerships for expanded access to development; and employing blended learning models for flexible professional learning solutions. The paper concludes that investment in technology resources and teacher capacity building holds promise for advancing education quality and outcomes in Somalia.

ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL AWARENESS ON MAIZE FLOUR FORTIFICATION BY SMALL-SCALE MILLERS AND CONSUMERS IN KIBAIGWA, DODOMA. []


Fortification of staple foods is a globally accepted strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition in nutritionally vulnerable populations. Fortification can be done with one or multiple vitamins and minerals fortification is crucial to prevent severe micronutrient deficiencies in populations already at risk (low diversity before any crisis) .Food fortification is simply the addition of specific micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to specific foods. The general objectives of this study was to assess awareness of small scale millers and consumers on fortified maize flour in Kibaigwa district, Dodoma region. The study used a questionnaire involving 10 small scale millers and 30 consumers. Awareness information regarding maize flour fortification was collected through face-to-face interviews with the consent of the interviewee using semi-structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The results obtained revealed that many consumers of maize flour are unaware of the type of fortified maize flour as indicated by 76.66% of respondents were not aware of the fortified maize flour. While only 23.33% were aware fortified maize flour and for small scale, millers show that 80% were unaware of the type of fortified maize flour and 20% were aware of type fortified maize flour. The study recommends government should manage food fortification process .For food fortification improvement policy makers and government should ensure that fortification inputs were available and affordable. Education about maize flour fortification should be provided at Kibaigwa district, Dodoma region.

CHALLENGES WITH LIGHTING IN MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES []


People can explore and learn about the history, present, and future of culture and science in a museum. The lighting equipment, among the other technological systems, however must meet a number of criteria. To incorporate the required parameters into a single lighting idea for each project, lighting designers must overcome obstacles such as protecting the artefacts, being economical, working within the limitations of the architecture, and not least, the artist's creative goals. In order to discover issues with lighting in terms of enjoyment, artefact preservation, and energy usage, this research evaluates the lighting environment of a museum. This study outlines a few challenges museums and galleries face when lighting their spaces.

A Comprehensive Review for YOLO-based Vehicle Counting Systems in Traffic Management []


Traffic management remains a pressing challenge globally, with particular complexities in the context of Nigeria's diverse road conditions and traffic patterns. This research paper presents an in-depth literature review for You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm-based vehicle counting systems for optimized traffic management in Nigeria. The study critically analysed eight selected papers, highlighting their contributions and identifying opportunities for improvement. However, a significant research gap is identified—the limited adaptation of these algorithms to Nigeria's unique transportation challenges. This research's findings are expected to contribute significantly to Nigeria's traffic management strategies, offering a roadmap for the adoption of YOLO-based systems that align with the country's unique transportation landscape.