Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Dear Sir/Madam, I would like to publish this article about multi-dimensions, and I tried to simplify my imagination of a multi-dimensional universe from my perception. My father taught me to visualize everything in-order to understand it, and I started to be interested in IT, and communications, afterwards with math and physics as natural sciences. There are some theories about multidimensions, among these are string theory and relativity theory, were time-space spatial coordinates are the first four dimensions, according to scholars, the four can not be separated (time and space), as we are drifting to the future by continuous present's clock ticking, as the general relative theory respects perspective and time, it propose the possibility of going back in time and portals to other worlds in the same universe through the ultimate power, the string theory prefers orthogonal layout of universe that propose multi-verse, I have been also wondering about the dimensions as we know it if they can fold on each other by some power to punctuate a hole to go back in time, as you might know all factors of dimensions is really vectors with directions, that may change direction abiding rules of dimensions like gravity and other forces may affect the Objects (elements-entities). I have chatted with ChatGPT about that, and it gave me (as an IT specialist) the code that I want to visualize the universe dimensions, that I seek, according to my perception. the chat was like this: Multi-dimensional Tree's Multidimensional Tree’s, The three dimensions that we know is x width or horizontal distance, y Hight or vertical distance, and z depth, which represents the 3D world, the fourth dimension is time, fifth is perspective, so if one to imagine that it would be looking to the world by his own eyes, the direction which we perceive, is our eyes receiving the light of the world and construct a map of the world we have, as earth is spherical on the horizon on a flat surface we would see in the middle of the horizon the sky meeting the ground, because earth is round, during day light sky is blue, and ground is shining with colors that the material reflects from the spectrum, if the 6th dimension is light and shadow and materials response to light particles colliding with surfaces that represents objects , events is the 7th dimension, which occurs with objects, 8th dimension is objects themselves which has dimensions of characters and properties, and rules of interaction like events. Write a C++ program that represents these dimensions as trees of vectors. Best Regards Amer Hwitat
Organizational dynamics are significantly influenced by internal factors, particularly communication and political conduct, which are critical in defining team dynamics. This study looks at how political tactics including manipulation, alliance-building, and self- promotion interact with communication styles to impact team cohesion, trust, and productivity. The study uses a quantitative approach with demographics analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 20, MATLAB and Stata MP 17 on cross sectional data collected online. The results of the study show how political behavior can strategically enhance or impair team performance based on communication effectiveness and leadership styles. The study found that while too politicized behavior may erode trust and collaboration, effective communication can mitigate these effects and foster a more peaceful work environment. The study provides businesses with helpful recommendations for lowering adverse political effects and promoting candid and open communication in order to enhance team effectiveness. By addressing these traits, leaders may create a more peaceful and effective work environment.
Since radar systems can function in a variety of environmental conditions, they are essential to autonomous surveillance. However, complex target profiles and dynamic clutter are common problems for conventional signal processing techniques. The use of machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance radar systems' target detection and classification is examined in this thesis. We assess a number of machine learning models, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), using a dataset that includes drone, vehicle, human, and background clutter signals. To get the data ready for training and testing, preprocessing and feature extraction methods are used. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matrix are used to evaluate performance. With an accuracy of 96.2%, CNN outperformed the other models, exhibiting robustness to noise and strong generalization. According to the study, radar target classification is greatly improved by machine learning algorithms, especially deep learning models. With their high detection accuracy, flexibility, and real-time processing capabilities, these results lend support to the incorporation of machine learning (ML) into radar-based autonomous system.
This paper examines economic dependency in Adichie’s Half of a Yellow and in Valerie Taguira’s The Uncertainty of Hope. The paper highlights gender stratification which hinders women’s empowerment in African society. Patriarch puts African women in an endless situation of economic dependency. The paper therefore attempts to explore and analyze the factor which hampers African women’s autonomy by using Marxist feminist criticism. The women in Achidie’s and Taguira’s fictions are not presented as victims since they are showed the agency. The paper exposes how women characters in the two fictions faced economic dependency and how they struggled to be survivors. The paper concludes that African women portray gender stratification in patriarchal system through prostitution due to poverty, lack of education for economic dependency. Key words: Dependency, stratification, Marxist feminism, African women, Patriarchal ideology, narrative analysis Sample analysis of the novel excerpt inclusive of introduction, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion is included in this pamphlet. The introduction shows the importance of analyzing a novel while the objectives indicate the purposes of doing novel analysis. Methodology on the other hand, shows the applied techniques & process in doing an analysis, while results and discussions provide meanings and interpretations of the coded texts. As for the conclusion, it presents the outcomes of the analysis based on the objectives, while the references support the concepts provided by the authors in the discussions. Finally, it is envisioned that this instructional material, designed in the form of a pamphlet, will truly enrich the College students’ understanding in their engagement in fiction analysis and will surely guide them in their journey pertaining to writing and analysing works of literature.
This pamphlet entitled “Fiction Analysis Protocols for Classroom Use” intends to foster students’ interest to critical analyses that contribute directly to literary interpretation of women’s experiences based on the literary text (novel). Further, it hopes to provide its readers with an overview about the rational of the fiction analysis and prose fiction elements, which facilitate their understanding of the author’s message to the society after a deep critical reading. Furthermore, it intends to acquaint students with the idea of the use of content analysis in the novel. Sample analysis of the novel excerpt inclusive of introduction, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion is included in this pamphlet. The introduction shows the importance of analyzing a novel while the objectives indicate the purposes of doing novel analysis. Methodology on the other hand, shows the applied techniques & process in doing an analysis, while results and discussions provide meanings and interpretations of the coded texts. As for the conclusion, it presents the outcomes of the analysis based on the objectives, while the references support the concepts provided by the authors in the discussions. Finally, it is envisioned that this instructional material, designed in the form of a pamphlet, will truly enrich the College students’ understanding in their engagement in fiction analysis and will surely guide them in their journey pertaining to writing and analysing works of literature.
This study analyzes the implementation of flood control, river management, and drainage/slope protection measures in a flood-prone region, demonstrating that the majority of strategies are only "Slightly Implemented." The overall grand mean score of 2.48 shows that there hasn't been much progress. For example, floodways (mean = 2.65) and terrace slopes (mean = 2.57) have only been implemented to a small extent. Meanwhile, nature-based solutions—such as vegetation planting and pond creation—scored lower (means between 2.29 and 2.46), reflecting underutilization of sustainable approaches that could enhance long-term flood resilience. Urban drainage systems also show minimal integration of water-sensitive practices, with a mean of 2.66. Even though there have been some small efforts to lessen the effects of urbanization and protect water quality, current designs still don't include things like groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Likewise, drainage and slope protection along national roads received a slightly higher score (mean = 3.02), especially when it came to protecting public health and preventing floods. However the environment and infrastructure resilience obtained lower scores, which shows that a more complete approach is needed. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) led the way in monitoring and evaluation practices, which were only moderately followed (mean = 3.18). There is still not enough oversight, quality control, or long-term impact assessments. Progress is slow because there is no dedicated river basin authority and agencies don't work together very well. The study says that the way we handle floods now is too reactive, too reliant on old infrastructure, and too scattered. To make progress, we need to change how we manage floods so that they are more integrated, environmentally friendly, and focused on the community. To make flood control strategies that are strong and flexible, key recommendations include better coordination between institutions, more green infrastructure, better monitoring systems, and more formal governance structures. Keywords: Flood control, nature-based solutions, monitoring and evaluation, sustainable development, and planning public infrastructure.
Philippines has Local school boards (LSBs) that are assigned in ensuring the development of schools all over the country. Due to the challenges of resource scarcity, teacher competency issues, and inadequate infrastructure, the study explores the role of Local School Boards (LSB) in Maguindanao del Sur, specifically focusing on the utilization of the Special Education Fund (SEF), a one percent real property tax allocated for school development. This study employed a descriptive-correlational quantitative methodology to analyze the relationship between LSB contributions and the overall progress of the school. Findings show that the LSB in Maguindanao del Sur is effective at managing resources, governing, and hiring teachers who are competent. The board's strongest areas of influence are its role as a consultant for hiring staff and its role as an advisor to the Sanggunian. Correlational analysis, on the other hand, shows a more complicated picture. The study found that certain LSB actions, such as being on an advisory committee or consulting with the school board, were linked to better school performance. However, other financial factors did not show this link. There were also no signs of strong connections between development indicators and the distribution of cash or extra budgets for operations and maintenance. As De Guzman and Reyes (2017) show, this difference means that budget allocation doesn't always lead to clear benefits. The study finds that for LSB contributions to really make a difference, they need to be paired with strong local government and good ways to carry out the work to make sure that academic growth continues over time. Keywords: Local School Board, Special Education Fund, School Development, Maguindanao del Sur, Resource Management
JOHN PHILIP D. AGUSTIN, ARON FRANCISCO R. BUEZA, JACK B. BUMANGLAG, ANGELO CALANO, MARC JUSTINE CASTRO, JONATHAN U. CUARESMA, JOHN KENNETH G. DALERE, CHARLEMAGNE KLAUDE B. DE LA CRUZ, WARREN M. MIGUEL, JERALD QUETULA, KENNETH JOHN RAGONJAN, CHRIST
This qualitative study explores the recovery journeys of former youth drug offenders in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, focusing on their personal backgrounds, rehabilitation experiences, and post-recovery practices. Utilizing case studies and narrative analysis of in-depth interviews, the research identifies peer influence, curiosity, and family dysfunction (such as broken homes or lack of guidance) as the primary drivers of initial drug involvement. The transition to rehabilitation was motivated by both internal factors, such as conscience and health concerns, and external factors like judicial mandates. Findings reveal that rehabilitation centers provided transformative, holistic services, including skills training (e.g., woodcraft and massage therapy), educational support through the Alternative Learning System (ALS), spiritual guidance, and disciplinary routines. To maintain long-term recovery, participants adopted practices such as continuing their education, avoiding negative social circles, and applying their newly acquired livelihood skills. The study concludes that successful reintegration is possible through comprehensive programs that address the root causes of addiction, foster internal motivation, and provide strong family and community support.
Over time, activated carbon has been used as the adsorbent of choice for the removal of toxic organic and inorganic contaminants from water. However, the price of activated carbon has become very exorbitant globally, making it unaffordable to the common man. To solve this global problem, researchers are increasingly searching for alternative low-cost adsorbents from naturally occurring, eco-friendly materials like clays. In that regard, chemical modification of clay and the use of modified products as absorbents for the removal of heavy metals from surface and underground water of Otukpo have been studied. Hence, Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometric methodology was used for metal detection, while clays treated with various concentrations of acidified KMnO4 were used as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from the surface and groundwater of Otukpo. The results obtained showed that: Cr (1.38±0.01); Mn (24.20 ± 0.32); Fe (90.10±0.17); Co (0.82±0.05); Ni (1.66±0.05); Cu (18.27±0.40); Zn (20.50±0.40); Cd (0.52±0.05); Pb (1.73±0.11); Hg (0.43±0.05), As (0.06±0.05) and were detected in the water samples by Inductively Coupled-Plasma Graphite Furnace Atomizer. Also, the results showed that: Cr3+ (98.6%); Mn2+ (92.5%); Fe2+ (99.7%); Co2+ (94.8%); Ni2+ (94.2%); Cu2+ (99.5%); Zn2+ (98.3%); Cd2+ (100%); Pb2+ (100%); Hg2+ (100%) and As2+ (100%) were absorbed by the modified clays in 300 minutes and at 115oC. The results of metal ions’ absorption showed that the modified clays were very effective and efficient as absorbents for metal ions. Hence, modified clays can adequately compete with activated carbon, zeolites as absorbents for heavy metals and for pet wastes.
Inherent to human activities, waste can have significant environmental impacts. African urban areas struggle to manage it due to uncontrolled urbanization driven by explosive population increase, often accompanied by sprawl that deviates from urban planning patterns, not to mention evolving consumption patterns. Unfortunately, developing countries lack the infrastructure and resources (both financial and human) for waste collection and treatment. Stored for extended periods in temporary discharges (most of which are unauthorized), this waste eventually decomposes, forming leachate that can infiltrate and pollute groundwater and waterways. This study addresses this issue and focuses primarily on the impact of household solid waste on the physicochemical quality of groundwater in the Bamako District. Our work focused on the physi-cochemical analyses of soils taken from landfills and their surroundings, landfill leachate and water from wells near landfills. The results of physicochemical soil analyses revealed that the soils, being rich in metallic elements, act as a filter, partially retaining the metals. The leachate is laden with nitrates, chlorides, and some heavy metals, with a conductivity that far exceeds the maximum limit for wastewater discharges in Mali. Analyses of wells near the landfills confirmed the presence of nitrates and nitrites, as well as some traces of metals, in the groundwater. While several studies have demonstrated natural geological origins for most of the elements, it is possible that they also originate, in part, from these long-stored wastes, which produce leachate that seeps into the soil. Cumulative infiltration over the years has eventually reached groundwater, although inadequate hygiene and sanitation facilities (septic tanks, cesspools, gutters) in these densely populated, older neighborhoods may also be another source of contamination. If a solution is not found to these contaminations, they risk compromising the achievement of SDG N˚ 6.
ACISDMT: Aemilianum College Inc. Smart Document Management and Tracking System is a developmental research project that designs, implements, and evaluates a QR-integrated digital document management solution for Aemilianum College Inc. The system addresses inefficiencies in the institution’s manual handling of administrative, academic, and student-related documents by ensuring accessibility, traceability, and data security. The study’s scope encompasses document flow processes, including submission, routing, approval, archiving, and monitoring, while excluding financial, medical, grading, attendance, and human resource functions. Utilizing a hybrid Rapid Application Development (RAD) and Agile methodology, the project was developed through iterative prototyping and user feedback, integrating the open-source SeedDMS platform with a custom php-qrcode extension on a LAMP stack. Evaluation involved user acceptance testing among ten administrative staff and expert reviews from ten IT professionals and five technical consultants, using the ISO/IEC 25010 Software Quality Model as the evaluation framework. Findings revealed that the ACISDMT system successfully streamlined document operations, significantly improving retrieval speed, workflow transparency, and collaboration. It achieved high scores in functional suitability, usability, and performance efficiency, with a user satisfaction rate of approximately 95%. Reliability tests confirmed 99.9% uptime, while security assessments validated the system’s resistance to unauthorized access. The integration of cryptographically signed QR codes further enhanced document authenticity, accountability, and real-time traceability. The study concludes that ACISDMT effectively modernizes Aemilianum College Inc.’s document management practices, transforming them into a secure, efficient, and standards-compliant digital environment. The system demonstrates technical robustness, institutional relevance, and scalability, serving as a replicable model for other academic institutions. Recommendations emphasize the institutional adoption of ACISDMT, continuous user training, and enhancement through mobile compatibility, analytics dashboards, and multi-factor authentication. Regular maintenance, vulnerability assessments, and exploration of blockchain-based extensions are encouraged to ensure sustained innovation, reliability, and compliance with evolving data protection standards. Keywords: Academic Administration, Data Security, Digital Records Management, Document Tracking System, Information Management System, Institutional Document Processing, Smart Document Management System, Web-Based Management System, Workflow Automation
This study examined the effects of anti-illegal drugs initiatives on values formation and student engagement among junior and senior high school students in selected public and private schools in Malungon using a quantitative research design. Data were collected to determine the extent of implementation of school-based and LGU-supported anti-illegal drugs programs and their influence on students’ moral values, decision-making skills, sense of responsibility, and level of participation in academic and co-curricular activities. The results indicated that the initiatives were implemented to a high extent and yielded positive outcomes, including strengthened values formation, increased awareness of the harmful effects of illegal drugs, improved student participation in school activities, and a more supportive and drug-free school environment. Overall, the findings suggested that consistent implementation of anti-illegal drugs initiatives across both public and private schools contributed significantly to positive student behavior and engagement, highlighting the importance of sustained collaboration among schools, communities, and local government units.
This study examined the work performance and job satisfaction of LGU employees in SPMS Box, Maguindanao. It specifically reviewed the respondents' demographic profile in terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, position, and length of service, as well as employee performance in areas such as management policy, salaries and allowances, and professional advancement. The employees' level of job contentment and the relationship between work performance and job satisfaction were also assessed. The study used a quantitative research design, with 80 LGU employees chosen as respondents. The statistical methods employed were frequency and percentage, weighted mean, t-test for independent samples, and one-way ANOVA. Findings revealed that most LGU employees in SPMS Box Maguindanao are 36 years old or above, male, married, college graduates, Maguindanaon, Muslim, with regular employment status, 1-5 years of service, and earning a salary of ₱10,000-₱19,000. The results showed a positive opinion of management policy, discontent with salaries and allowances, and a desire for continued professional development. Employees also reported being generally satisfied with their jobs. Furthermore, the study found no significant association between employee performance and job satisfaction. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to conduct a comprehensive salary review, implement performance-based incentives, improve compensation transparency, foster a positive work environment, solicit regular employee feedback, provide professional development opportunities, adjust allowances, and promote work-life balance.
: This study evaluated the implementation of the National Drug Education Program (NDEP) in public schools within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao through a descriptive-evaluative design. There were 100 principals and teachers who answered for SY 2024–2025. Mean and thematic analysis revealed that the implementation of NDEP in curriculum and instruction, co-curricular and auxiliary services, research, monitoring, evaluation, and information campaigns was assessed as highly frequent. The program was also successful in lowering drug-related incidents and substance use, as well as encouraging good behavior and life skills in students. But interviews showed that there were problems, like not enough class time and not enough training for teachers. The study found that NDEP is generally well implemented and works well in public schools, even though there were some limitations.
Today, addressing the issue of slavery, a widely contested social fact, allows us to take a critical look at certain social dynamics and forms of local resistance in a cultural area strongly attached to its uses and customs. Captivity, in what does this state consist that has been wrongly confused with slavery, how can one become free, become captive and vice versa? The issue of captivity or slavery is delicate from all points of view: it goes against all egalitarian and humanitarian ideas. It was wrongly confused with slavery, and it will not be difficult to show what a huge difference there is between the two states, which seem however so close. From an economic point of view, it is in our study area of paramount importance. The present research is intended as a contribution to understanding the phenomena of survival of these practices, based on oral sources and observation of social practices. Our approach relied on qualitative data collection from key informants, using interview guides. It appears that the phenomenon of captivity for some or slavery for others remains culturally and socially rooted in the Malinké area of Kita, despite the different repressions from colonial times to the present day. The study highlights the causes of survival and provides a perspective on its future. Key words : captivity, slavery, social dynamics, survival, perspective.
This study examines Free Convection flows across a semi-infinite vertical plate imbedded in a porous medium being affected by Heat source term. Using the numerical method of implicit finite difference scheme, the set of ordinary partial differential equations is resolved. Embedded flow parameters affect the Heat source in terms of velocity, temperature, concentration. The rate of heat transmission and the mass transfer coefficient are calculated and clearly described using graphs. It is observed that the velocity curves and the corresponding momentum boundary layer thickness increases with increasing values of Heat source parameter and all other parameters used, the Heat source increases also in temperature and concentration as its values increases, this is because it strengthens the heat transfer directly from the fixed point to its absorbable plate. KEYWORDS: Heat Source or Sink, Heat and Mass Transfer, MHD, Unsteady and Free Convection Flow.
This study examines the relationship between power dynamics and team success. It looks at how formal and informal power structures affect teamwork and organizational growth. Using a mix of methods, the research combines quantitative regression analysis with qualitative insights. It evaluates factors like role hierarchies, industry context, and perceived power dynamics. By analyzing data from 100 participants in various sectors, the study seeks to reveal how power distribution, communication patterns, and relationships influence team resilience and adaptability. It challenges the usual views of power as either helpful or harmful. Instead, it suggests a model where power is a flexible force that changes based on team interactions. The theoretical framework connects studies of organizational behavior with relational leadership theories. It highlights the importance of psychological safety, inclusivity, and emotional intelligence in managing power-related conflicts. The practical implications focus on ways to build collaborative environments. This includes creating feedback systems to make decision-making more democratic, leadership training to tackle biases, and fostering cultures that view power as a shared resource. This work adds to discussions on agile teams and provides a guide for organizations to manage power dynamics to support growth, innovation, and shared responsibility.
The study examines the challenges and concerns in the Monitoring and Evaluation system of the Department of Public Works and Highways in Cotabato First District Engineering Office, highlighting the crucial role of Monitoring and Evaluation plays in ensuring the effectiveness of implementing public infrastructure projects. Effective Monitoring and Evaluation is vital for project success, particularly in developing regions where resource allocation and strategic planning often fall short. This study identifies key issues including stakeholder engagement, time management, equipment adequacy, and budgetary constraints, and seeks to provide actionable recommendations to address these concerns. Utilizing a descriptive evaluative research method, the study surveyed 75 personnel from various sections within the DPWH Cotabato First District Engineering Office. The findings reveal that stakeholders, time frame, and equipment are significant concerns, whereas budgetary requirements are less problematic. The study recommends enhancing equipment procurement processes, ensuring transparency in budget allocation, and fostering better collaboration and training among team members. These measures are aimed at improving the overall Monitoring and Evaluation system and thereby enhancing project performance and sustainability. The research concludes that a robust Monitoring and Evaluation system is essential for the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. Key recommendations include prioritizing quality equipment, sustaining transparent budget processes, and implementing comprehensive training programs. Additionally, the study suggests the adoption of advanced tracking systems for real-time project monitoring. Further research is recommended to evaluate Monitoring and Evaluation systems in other districts to generalize the findings and improve public infrastructure project management across in the broader regions.
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