Volume 13, Issue 1, January 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication


Use of spent earth in production of garden tiles []


Bleaching earth is an adsorbent used in edible oil refinery process. After using bleaching earth, the residues are called spent earth. The spent earth has no proper disposal method rather than landfilling which results severe environmental problems. In this study use of spent earth in production of garden tiles has been examined. Two experimental series have been suggested: use of spent earth as an alternative for (i) sand and (ii) cement. Measuring compressive strength and water absorption capacity is suggested to determine the quality of the produced garden tiles. This study reveals that 45 % cement and 40% sand can be replaced when the spent earth is considered as an alternative for cement and sand separately. These replacements yield 22 % and 45 % reduction in cost and CO2 emission respectively.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION IN OMAN BUSINESS: A CASE STUDY OF AMRI SIGNATURE LLC []


To succeed and fit into the market is a challenge for many people who want to be entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship is a mechanism to create a better future by continuous improvement and creating new things. With this, each entrepreneur is aware to be different by driving innovative impact to the business and other sides of life. Based on Sharma and Sharma (2022), the word entrepreneur means to take a risk when handling with some activities in market like the risk between the buyer and seller. This research’s main goal is to understand the concept of entrepreneurship inherent with some theories, framework and philosophies of Omani entrepreneur and the impact of its business to Omani growth. The methodology of gathering the data are the interview with an entrepreneur for traits analysis and secondary sources from online books, articles and relevant literature on entrepreneurship and innovation. The main findings reveal that positive work environment by managing resources effectively, and building good relationship can reflect and benefit business, the passion to work in the industry would lead to stay committed and adapted with uncertainties as risk taking trait; and the skills of good leadership in business would drive innovation that would reflect on product’s vision.

Repenser l’enseignement des langues à l’Université marocaine []


In the current context of globalization and rapid economic and technological social transformations, mastering foreign languages has become an essential skill. In Morocco, a country at the crossroads between Africa, Europe and the Arab world, language learning represents not only an academic challenge, but also an economic, cultural and social imperative. However, language teaching in Moroccan universities faces many shortcomings: outdated teaching methods, an almost complete lack of adaptation to market needs and a disconnect with the socio-economic realities of the country. This article proposes an analysis of this problem, examining the current limits of language teaching in Morocco, especially with the new reform put in place by the Ministry of Supervision and which entered into force from the start of the 2023/2024 academic year, identifying the issues specific to our country and exploring more innovative and ambitious reform paths adapted to its context. Key words: Language teaching, Pedagogical methods, reform, employability

STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF OMAN BROADBAND []


This study examines the impact of leadership management on organizational performance, focusing on Oman Broadband. Data was collected through a survey of 40 employees working at Madayn KOM5, representing various departments, including leadership and order management. The research explores four key objectives: the effect of leadership on productivity and morale, employee engagement and motivation, fostering collaboration and high performance, and leadership’s role in organizational success. Findings reveal that transformational and transactional leadership practices, when effectively implemented, positively impact employee performance, engagement, and overall organizational efficiency. However, gaps in leadership communication and decision-making processes were identified as areas for improvement. The study highlights the need for clear strategic vision, enhanced communication, and robust leadership development programs to drive organizational success. Recommendations include fostering a culture of accountability, implementing leadership training initiatives, and aligning leadership practices with organizational goals to enhance productivity and employee satisfaction. This research underscores the critical role of leadership in achieving sustainable organizational performance and provides actionable insights for Oman Broadband to strengthen its leadership approach.

Vers un dispositif intégré pour favoriser l’inclusion sociale des enfant en situation précaire au Maroc []


Cette contribution porte les effets des représentations sociales (RS) et des stéréotypes négatifs (SN) sur l’expérience éducative et sociale des enfants en situation précaire (ESP) vivant dans les centres d’accueil (CA) au Maroc. La marginalisation et les préjugés auxquels ces enfants sont confrontés influencent profondément leur estime de soi, leur motivation à apprendre, ainsi que leurs interactions sociales. En adoptant une perspective interdisciplinaire, mêlant la sociodidactique, la psychologie sociale et la psychoéducation, notre travail a examiné comment ces perceptions biaisées façonnent leur apprentissage, leur socialisation et leur intégration. Nous souhaitons vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle les stéréotypes et les représentations sociales négatives véhiculés à l’égard des enfants vivant dans les centres d’accueil au Maroc auraient des répercussions significatives sur leur parcours éducatif et leur intégration sociale.

Bio-Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Exploring Bio-Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Sustainable Farming []


As global food demand increases, sustainable farming practices have become a necessity. Bio-nanotechnology offers promising innovations to enhance agricultural efficiency and reduce environmental harm. This article focuses on bio-encapsulated nanoparticles as a novel solution for targeted and controlled micronutrient delivery. These biodegradable nanoparticles ensure efficient nutrient uptake while minimizing wastage and environmental pollution. By integrating biodegradable polymers and microbial components, this technology aligns with the principles of precision agriculture. This article reviews the potential applications, benefits, and future research directions for bio-encapsulation in agriculture, contributing to the transition toward sustainable and resilient farming systems. Keywords: Bio-encapsulation, Nanotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture, Micronutrients, Precision Farming

Evaluating Factors Influencing the Integration of Intelligent Technologies in Oman’s Renewable Energy Projects []


Cutting-edge technologies enhance incorporation processes such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain, improving efficiency, scalability, and transparency within Oman's renewable energy sector, which is in line with the goals of Vision 2040 for sustainability and economic diversification. As Oman progresses in its renewable energy transition, innovative solutions will be crucial for enhancing energy production, stabilizing grids, and eliminating operational inefficiencies. Despite its potential, adoption is hindered by unclear legislation, economic constraints, and inadequate infrastructure. This article thoroughly evaluates the factors influencing the adoption of intelligent technologies in Oman's renewable energy sector based on structured surveys conducted with policymakers, project managers, and technology providers. The surveys evaluate essential elements, including legislative frameworks, economic viability, infrastructure readiness, and stakeholder engagement. The relationship between these variables and rates of technological adoption is assessed using statistical techniques, such as regression analysis. Initial findings indicate that clear legislation, financial incentives, and advanced infrastructure facilitate adoption, while high initial costs, lack of technical expertise, and fragmented regulations impede growth. The study emphasizes the importance of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in accelerating innovation and improving technological capabilities by sharing resources and knowledge. Furthermore, workforce development and technical training are crucial in tackling the skills gap and promoting ongoing growth. The study suggests changes in regulations, increased investment in smart grid infrastructure, and economic measures to lower adoption costs, grounded in quantitative findings. This research provides empirical data aimed at helping policymakers and industry leaders propel Oman toward becoming a leader in renewable energy within the Middle East. It emphasizes the importance of aligning with global best practices while tailoring strategies to fit the country's unique socioeconomic landscape. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Intelligent Technologies, Oman, Sustainability, Vision 2040, Technology Integration

The Effect of Supply Chain Integration on Firm's Performance: Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Firms in Egypt []


This study explores the impact of Supply Chain Integration (SCI) on various financial performance ratios of firms. SCI is assessed across three dimensions: Internal Integration, Customer Integration, and Supplier Integration. The financial ratios considered in this analysis include liquidity (Current Ratio), solvency (Debt Ratio), profitability (ROA, ROE), operational efficiency (Inventory Turnover), and market performance (EPS). Correlation analysis reveals significant relationships between SCI and financial performance, suggesting that integration within the supply chain has both positive and negative effects on liquidity and profitability. Multiple Linear Regression analyses further reveal that Internal Integration significantly impacts key financial ratios, such as the Current Ratio and ROA, while Customer Integration plays a role in improving profitability metrics like ROA and ROE. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of SCI in enhancing firm performance, with varying impacts depending on the specific financial metric being assessed.

ENHANCED BRAIN TUMOR SEGMENTATION USING ADVANCED U-NET ARCHITECTURES []


Brain tumors are among the most aggressive types of tumors and they are very hard to accurately segment due mainly to their contours, complexity and location. This paper presents a novel approach to these problems by proposing a new U-shaped Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) aimed at better integrating the morphology and anatomical structure of these brain tumor masses. Moreover, these target areas can include the whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC), and tumor-enhancing region (ET). In addition, the framework contains a new feature fusion module that automatically adjusts the importance of different MR modalities for the purpose of improving lesion specific feature extraction. Further a scale aware attention embedding is incorporated into the network to obtain global feature representations of the features at different scales. Based on the use of multi-modality images, this method is able to achieve an improved segmentation performance which will greatly enhance the analysis of tumor in the brain in medical imaging.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY INTERMEDIATE PUPILS IN USING QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES : CASE OF SOME SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BASOKO TERRITORY []


Cet article traite de mauvais emploie des adjectifs qualificatifs par les élèves du degré moyen des établissements secondaires. Nous parlons ici d’une particularité des écoles du secteur de BOMENGE dans le territoire de BASOKO. Ces élèves font des confusions d’usage des objectifs qualificatifs en français et utilisent les mêmes réalités en Anglais, chose qui ne se conforme pas à la syntaxe anglaise. Ces difficultés sont telles qu’ils ne savent pas la position qu'occupe un adjectif qualificatif dans une phrase et ils ont des confusions d’emploie des adjectifs dénombrables et indénombrables qui expriment la qualité et la quantité. Après analyse, nous avons noté qu'il ya surement l'influence soit du français, soit de la langue maternelle qui domine dans leurs esprits en oubliant qu’ils font des traductions littérales.

The effect of calf milk replacers with different levels of raw egg on calves' performance and blood hematological composition. []


This study investigates the effects of various feeding regimens on the growth performance, dry matter intake, and blood biochemical and hematological parameters in calves. Four distinct treatment groups were established, those receiving only milk replacer, and those fed milk replacer combined with raw egg at concentrations of 0%,5%, 10%, and 15%. The primary goal was to evaluate how these dietary variations impacted the calves’ intake, growth metrics, and physiological indicators.The findings indicated that calves consuming milk replacer, especially when supplemented with raw egg, demonstrated a significantly higher daily intake of dry matter compared to those fed whole milk. Among the groups, those receiving the 10% raw egg with milk replacer achieved the highest average dry matter intake, measuring at 946.83 grams per day. This was followed by the 15% raw egg group at 845.84 grams and the 5% raw egg group at 767.24 grams. In contrast, the calves fed only milk replacer (0%) had the lowest dry matter intake at 699.67 grams. These results suggest that incorporating raw egg into the milk replacer significantly enhances overall feed consumption.In terms of growth performance, calves fed the milk replacer supplemented with 10% raw egg exhibited the highest average daily weight gain, recorded at 500 grams. This was followed by the15% raw egg group, which gained an average of 435 grams, and then followed 5%, and the milk replacer-only group(0%) which achieved 379 grams of weight gain per day. This evidence indicates that raw egg supplementation is beneficial for improving weight gain in calves.Blood biochemical and hematological evaluations revealed noteworthy differences across the treatment groups. Calves fed whole milk displayed the lowest levels of blood urea, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and hemoglobin. In contrast, calves consuming milk replacer, particularly those supplemented with raw egg, exhibited elevated levels of these blood parameters. Notably, the group receiving milk replacer with 10% raw egg showed the greatest blood glucose levels, follwed by the15% raw egg group and then follwed by 5% and then 0%. This suggests that the addition of raw egg may have a significant impact on glucose metabolism in the calves.Overall, the study illustrates that supplementing milk replacer with raw egg effectively enhances both dry matter intake and growth performance in calves while influencing critical blood biochemical and hematological factors. Specifically, the combination of milk replacer and raw egg resulted in greater weight gains and improved metabolic responses compared to feeding milk replacer alone or whole milk. These findings emphasize the potential of raw egg as a valuable nutritional supplement in milk replacers, presenting a viable strategy for enhancing calf growth and health outcomes. Additionally, the implications of this research extend to practices in dairy and livestock management. Further investigations are warranted to determine the long-term effects and optimal dosages of raw egg supplementation for maximizing calf development.

Problèmes d’interconnexion commerciale dans la région des Grands Lacs. Cas du Corridor Nord []


This article addresses the thorny issue of transport in the northern corridor of the Great Lakes region. It addresses the issue of commercial interconnection challenges in the Great Lakes region, particularly in the northern corridor. He tries to analyze these difficulties which are mostly linked to road infrastructure and the political instability of member countries. These difficulties without resolving them will not allow the region to improve its commercial and socio-economic growth. Although these challenges exist, there are some countries that have improved their infrastructure and are trying to stabilize the climate of peace, such as Rwanda and Uganda. On the other hand, the DRC and South Sudan constitute the backbone and by extension the real obstacles. Keywords: interconnection, northern corridor, great lakes country

The impact of forgiveness on Christian counseling a pathway to reconciliation and healing []


Abstract This dissertation examines the impact of Christian counseling as a pathway to reconciliation and healing, offering an integrative framework that bridges theology and psychology. Rooted in biblical principles, Christian counseling provides a unique approach to addressing emotional wounds, relational conflicts, and spiritual struggles by emphasizing core values such as forgiveness, grace, and restoration. This study explores the theological foundations of reconciliation and healing while evaluating the practical outcomes of Christian counseling in fostering mental, emotional, and relational well-being. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology, the research synthesizes insights from theology, psychology, and sociology to assess the role of Christian counseling in resolving interpersonal conflicts and promoting holistic healing. The study incorporates theological analysis approach from the Bible and highlighting over thirty five quotations that emphasizes the relevance of forgiveness and case studies with individuals and families who have experienced Christian counseling, alongside a comparative analysis of faith-based and secular counseling approaches. Findings show that Christian counseling not only facilitates emotional and relationship healing, but also spiritual growth, empowering clients to build trust, achieve forgiveness, and embrace change. This study contributes to the understanding of faith-based healing practices and has important implications for Christian counselors, churches, and mental health professionals. By highlighting the connection between spirituality and the mind, this study emphasizes the importance of Christian counseling in creating a holistic approach to reconciliation and healing in personal lives and communities.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A BLOCKCHAIN WEB-BASED APPLICATION FOR FINANCIAL SEVICES []


ABSTRACT Blockchain technology was initially created for digital currencies, offers revolutionary opportunities to improve financial security and efficiency. This research article examines the broad applications of blockchain technology in a number of fields, with a particular emphasis on how these applications may affect green logistics advancements in the financial sector, comparing conventional and proposed architectural systems. This study attempts to reveal the complex effects of blockchain on supply chain management in the banking industry, including operational efficiency, transparency, and sustainability. It does this by conducting a thorough analysis of the body of existing literature and the new system.

Challenges in Teaching English at Trincomalee Campus of Eastern University Sri Lanka []


This research attempts to dig out the major challenges in teaching English to the undergraduates of Trincomalee Campus of Eastern University. There are 7 departments functioning under 3 faculties. The medium of instruction for all the academic programmes is English. Teaching English seems to be a herculean task, especially teaching to the first-year students who enter the university with the medium of instruction either in Sinhalese or Tamil all throughout the schooling from grade one to GCE A/L. However, lectures at Trincomalee Campus begin with English medium from the first day onwards no matter in which standard the students are in at the point of entry. This contradictory situation in medium of instruction is further aggravated by numerous challenges arising from linguistic diversity, socio-economic disparities, resource constraints, and outdated pedagogical practices. These issues hinder the effective acquisition of English skills, which are critical for students’ academic and professional development in a globalized world. This paper explores these challenges in detail, highlighting their root causes and impacts on teaching outcomes. It also provides recommendations to improve English language teaching (ELT) at Trincomalee Campus. The researcher has collected the primary data through observing the classes directly, having discussions with the students on their difficulties, conducting discussion with the fellow lecturers on their challenges in teaching and observing the available teaching tools and aids at the campus. Key words: Challenges in teaching, ELT, teaching tools and aids

Simulation of a Thunderstorm Event occurred over Cox’s Bzazar, Kutubdia Island and Chattogram Using WRF Model []


Abstract: An attempt has been made to simulate a thunderstorm event occurred over Cox’s Bzazar, Kutubdia Island and Chattogram (21.3°N-22.3°N, 92°E) on 30 May 2017, by using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW version 4.3.0) model. The model was run on a single domain of 09 km horizontal resolution utilizing six hourly Global Forecast System (GFS) datasets for 72, 48 and 24 hours respectively from 0000 UTC of 28 May, 0000 UTC of 29 May and 0000 UTC of 30 May 2017 to 0000 UTC of 31 May 2017 as initial and lateral boundary conditions. The simulation has been done using Yonsei University (YSU) scheme as Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) scheme, Kessler scheme for microphysics, Kain-Fritsch (KF) for cumulus physics option, Revised MM5 scheme for surface layer physics, Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) for longwave radiation and Dudhia scheme for shortwave radiation. The model performance has been evaluated by analyzing some thermodynamic parameters such as, Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP), Temperature, Relative Humidity (RH), Wind pattern at various pressure level, Vertical wind shear, Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Rainfall. Model generated outputs for every 30 munities interval are visualized by Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS). Model-simulated values of MSLP, RH, temperature and rainfall were compared with observational data of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and it is found that the performance of WRF model is reasonably well to predict the thunderstorm over Bangladesh.

Worklife Balance And Turnover Intention In Private hospitals : The Mediating Role Of Worklife Conflict []


Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of work-life balance (WLB) practices (schedule flexibility, manager support and job autonomy) on work-life conflict and turnover intentions. As well as the mediating effect of work-lifeconflict on the relationship between WLB practices and turnover intentions in private hospitals. Method: Data collected from 350 private hospitals employees adapted questionnaire on a 7-point Likert scale. 286 complete responses received, yielding an 82% response rate. Descriptive and causal-comparative research design utilized with independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses. Findings: The findings showed that manager support, job autonomy and schedule flexibility had a positive significant relationship with turnover intention and worklife conflict.. Also the worklife conflict significantly mediates the relationship between manager support, job autonomy and schedule flexibility. Implications: The implications of these findings suggest that organizations need to take a proactive approach to address work-life balance issues and mitigate turnover intention among employees in private hospitals. By prioritizing supportive managerial practices, managing flexible scheduling arrangements, implementing work-life balance interventions, and investing in training and development programs, organizations can create a positive work environment that supports employee well-being and retention. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Turnover intention, Work-life conflict, Private hospitals, Employee retention, Workplace stress