Volume 13, Issue 3, March 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Gut Bacteria and Lipid Metabolism: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications for Cholesterol Lowering []


It turns out, the active community of microbes living in our guts, the microbiome, plays a surprisingly crucial role in keeping our cholesterol levels in check. This review dives into how these microorganisms influence cholesterol, particularly their mechanism for breaking down cholesterol, modifying bile acids, and producing helpful short-chain fatty acids. Recent research has put a spotlight on bacteria like Oscillibacter, showing they are the real champions at lowering cholesterol (Li et al., 2024). This review explores how diet changes, such as eating more prebiotics, probiotics, and fiber-rich foods, can shape our gut microbiome and potentially improve our cholesterol numbers. Finally, the review discusses the exciting possibility of using microbiome-focused therapies to prevent and treat high cholesterol, while emphasizing the need for more research to fully understand the gut bacteria and lipid metabolism connection

Typology of Young Sexual Offenders in Ilocos Norte []


This study explores the typology of young sexual offenders in Ilocos Norte by examining the contributing factors, strategies, means, psychological and social effects, and lessons learned by offenders. The research aims to develop a comprehensive typology that categorizes young sexual offenders. A mixed-method approach was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection. A structured questionnaire was administered to participants, followed by one-on-one interviews to gather deeper insights and validate responses. Data was collected from 10 young sexual offenders in Ilocos Norte and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings highlight alcohol as the most significant influencing factor, while parenting issues had minimal impact. Among the strategies used, intoxication ranked the highest. Psychologically, shame had the most significant impact. Socially, self-isolation was the most prevalent consequence. The lessons learned by young sexual offenders emphasize the importance of setting boundaries and practicing self-control. This study recommends that the PNP conduct awareness campaigns, DepEd and CHED develop school-based programs to address the misuse of physical strength in peer interactions, the WCC promote self-defense training programs, and the DSWD implement individual therapy and counseling programs for young offenders.

Case Analysis of In-Clinic and Supervised Remote Vision Therapy Approaches in the Management of Amblyopia: A Focus on Suppression Scotoma Reduction and Binocular Function Improvement []


Intermittent Distance Exotropia (IDXT) is a common pediatric strabismic condition characterized by an outward deviation of the eye, particularly when viewing distant objects. This case report presents the optometric vision therapy approach for a 9-year-old male diagnosed with non-specific IDXT and severe convergence weakness. The treatment protocol consisted of 25 structured therapy sessions, emphasizing binocular coordination, suppression reduction, and accommodative improvement. The patient demonstrated significant post-therapy improvements, with enhanced stereoacuity, reduced ocular deviation, and strengthened convergence. The findings support vision therapy's effectiveness in managing IDXT and underscore the importance of structured intervention in improving visual function.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMIC MECHANISMS OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER WITHIN THE INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM OF THE CHENGXI SCI-TECH []


This research was investigatedon the computer simulation of the dynamic mechanisms of knowledge transfer within the innovation ecosystem of the Chengxi Sci-Tech Innovation Corridor. The strategic approach to knowledge transfer significantly influences the innovation landscape within a corridor. By leveraging various methods collaborative R&D, networking, industry partnerships, incubators, and open innovation organizations can enhance their innovation outcomes, ranging from new product development to patent creation and the formation of startups. The most effective innovation ecosystems will likely be those that integrate multiple knowledge transfer strategies, creating a synergistic impact that maximizes creativity, diversity of thought, and commercialization success. Emphasizing a culture of openness, collaboration, and continuous learning will ultimately drive sustained innovation and economic growth within the corridor. The computer simulation of the dynamic mechanisms of knowledge transfer within the innovation ecosystem of the Chengxi Sci-Tech Innovation Corridor provides several insightful findings that are crucial for understanding and enhancing innovation processes in this region. The simulation reveals that knowledge transfer is significantly influenced by various factors, such as the interactions among stakeholders, the networks of collaboration, and the availability of resources. It highlights the importance of fostering relationships between academia, industry, and government to create a more collaborative environment that encourages the flow of ideas and technologies. Additionally, the simulation identifies key leverage points within the ecosystem where targeted interventions can facilitate more effective knowledge transfer. Simulations helps policymakers understand the impact of various interventions on knowledge transfer dynamics. This can lead to more effective policies tailored to the unique characteristics and needs of the Chengxi Corridor.

Using gloves in medical procedures at Badeen hospital, a quality improvement project []


Background: Using gloves is very important during any medical procedure to insure safety of patients, nurses and doctors from contaminated blood or needles or any body secretions, and to reduce healthcare associated infections. Methods: cross sectional study at the patients at Badeen hospital who undergo peripheral canulation and blood sample analysis at laboratory from 2nd January to 30th January 2025. Results: all patients at Badeen hospital from 2nd of January till before 30th of January who underwent peripheral canulation ,blood sample taking at laboratory and small surgical procedures, all these done without using any gloves, and sometimes one glove was used during highly infectious small surgical procedures as dressing a diabetic septic foot. Conclusion: non sterile gloves must be used during any medical procedure to provide the highest degree of safety for patients and for who doing the procedure, and to reduce the percentage of healthcare associated infections. Key words: non sterile gloves, medical procedures, safety, infections, healthcare workers

CAPABILITY OF METRO COTABATO WATER DISTRICT IN THE DELIVERY OF WATER SERVICES []


This study was conducted to assess and evaluate the level of capability of Metro Cotabato Water District in providing good services to its concessionaires. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the extent of capability of Metro Cotabato Water District in the delivery of water services in terms of manpower, infrastructure and water facilities, capacity of water supplies, application process, installation, repair, and maintenance of pipes, and water distribution to household in MCWD service area. This study used descriptive design. Fifty five (55) respondents were randomly chosen wherein thirty (30) came from concessionaires of Metro Cotabato Water District from different service areas and twenty five (25) employees from MCWD specifically assigned in the Engineering Department and Administration Services Department. The findings of the study resulted into the capability of MCWD in the delivery of water services which were described by the respondents as “agree” and “moderate”. This indicates that the conditions were observed to a greater extent. The recommendation were mainly about the additional water sources to meet the water demand of the growing population, improvement of the equipment and billing system, and accessibility of water meters to households. Keywords: Delivery of Water Services, Capability, Water District, Metro Cotabato

Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA, A new species from Bangladesh []


Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA was described and illustrated (Fig-1) as a new species from the district of Bogura, Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh. It belongs to the Rudraksha family. However, the Rudraksha fruit is a blue marble and rounded seed-shell/stone. This new species is deeply sculpted similar to Rudraksha seed. But not round shaped. It was lance-shaped with pointed tips. Elaeocarpus is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia. The genus Elaeocarpus was first formally described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus (Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume (Fig-2) ( CoL: 38XY8GBIF: 7291062) for its round but pointed fruits and obtuse to broadly rounded apex leaves. It is does not match any Bangladeshi species. This is why named after the Greek god “Zeus”. However, the seeds were too hard to crack. So, germination take May be 2 years. Sweet fruit has a flavor. Not sour like other Elaeocarpus species, Like, E. serratus and E. floribundus. Keywords: Elaeocarpaceae, Elaeocarpus, New species, Bangladesh.

Mentha alba zinia & B. Uddin, a new species from Bangladesh []


Mentha alba Zinia & B. Uddin was described and illustrated as a new species from the district of Bogura, Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh. It’s belonging to Lamiaceae family (Harley, Raymond M.; Atkins, Sandy; Budantsev, Andrey L.; Cantino, Philip D.; Conn, Barry J.; Grayer, Renée J.; Harley, Madeline M.; de Kok, Rogier P.J.; Krestovskaja, Tatyana V. (2004). "Labiatae". In Kubitzki, Klaus; Kadereit, Joachim W. (eds.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VII. Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. pp. 167–275. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert). However, 2 mentha species half wild in Bangladesh. They are 1. Mentha arvensis L. & 2. Mentha spicata L. This new species is compared with these 2 species and other 2 species. (See fig-2,3,4) Family- Lamiaceae.

Helianthus debilis subsp. Debilis & Helianthus debilis subsp. cucumerifolius (Torr. & A.Gray) Heiser, Two new records from Bangladesh []


Helianthus debilis subsp. Debilis & Helianthus debilis subsp. cucumerifolius (Torr. & A.Gray) Heiser,(Fig-1) two new records from from the district of Dhaka 23.8041° N, 90.4152° E, Bangladesh. It is described and illustrated as half wild species from Bangladesh. It’s belongs to Asteraceae family. However, in this research, these 2 species compared with another 2 species Helianthus debilis subsp. silvestris Heiser & Helianthus debilis subsp. vestitus (E.Watson) Heiser (Fig-2). Keywords: Asteraceae, new records, Bangladesh.

Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA, A new species from Bangladesh []


Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA was described and illustrated (Fig-1) as a new species from the district of Bogura, Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh. It belongs to the Rudraksha family. However, the Rudraksha fruit is a blue marble and rounded seed-shell/stone. This new species is deeply sculpted similar to Rudraksha seed. But not round shaped. It was lance-shaped with pointed tips. Elaeocarpus is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia. The genus Elaeocarpus was first formally described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus (Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume (Fig-2) ( CoL: 38XY8GBIF: 7291062) for its round but pointed fruits and obtuse to broadly rounded apex leaves. It is does not match any Bangladeshi species. This is why named after the Greek god “Zeus”. However, the seeds were too hard to crack. So, germination take May be 2 years. Sweet fruit has a flavor. Not sour like other Elaeocarpus species, Like, E. serratus and E. floribundus. Keywords: Elaeocarpaceae, Elaeocarpus, New species, Bangladesh.

Lasianthus Bangladeshinensis ZMA, A new species from Bangladesh. []


Lasianthus bangladeshinensis ZMA is described and illustrated as a new species from the district of Bogura, Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108 Bangladesh. It is morphologically similar to Lasianthus species (Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 125 (1823), nom. cons., but not matched to anyone. There are 2 species are recorded from Bangladesh, they are - 1. Lasianthus hirsutus (Roxb.) Merr (J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 229 (1952) and 2. Lasianthus constrictus Wight (J. Nat. Hist. 6: 515 (1846). There are some differences of those 3 species in fig-2, described below. Lasianthus is a large genus from Rubiaceae family. There are 180 species in the Old World. Some species found in Tropical Asia. 59 species from Malay Peninsula. 37 from Indo-china. 28 species from Java and 47 recorded from Thailand. Lasianthus species usually grows in rainforests. Also, habitat to grow primary forests and bamboo forest. This is the interesting distribution patterns. Keywords: Rubiaceae, Lasianthus, New species, Bangladesh.

Putranjiva pundrabogura Zinia & Miraz, A new species from Bangladesh []


Putranjiva pundrabogura Zinia & Miraz is described and illustrated as a new species from the district of Bogura, Bangladesh Putranjivaceae contains 3 genera and about 210 species of evergreen trees of the tropics, especially Africa to Malesia. Drypetes (about 200 species) is found throughout this area. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. Retrieved 2013-06-26. Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). First published in Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner] Tab. Diagn. 345, Comm. 258. 1842 [13-15 Feb 1842] (as "Putranjiveae") (1842) isonym. It is morphologically similar to P. roxburghii but is distinguished by the tree size, leaves texture, bark texture, fruiting position, smallest leaf size etc. Putranjiva pundrabogura Zinia & Miraz, this new species available in Bogura district and RDA campus. After the rainy season seedlings are available under this tree. After diagnostic the morphological characters for Putranjiva pundrabogura Zinia & Miraz include the round wavy trunk (Images-G & H), not hairy leaves and branches. These are the main characteristics of this new species. Whitish-ash color bark on trunk and branches of this species compare with another species P.roxburghii Wall. Morphologically (Fig-1) most similar, which is also available in Bangladesh. Also, the fruits shape, leaves-shape difference showing below in mentioned of these 2 species (Fig-2). Showing chart (Fig-3). Distribution showing in maps(Fig-4) also. Medium to big tree also seen in P. pundrabogura Zinia & Miraz. But P.roxburghii Wall seen as a medium tree. Mentioning also that Chinese Putrajivi is a big shrub. “The leaves are dotted beneath with glands which exude a waxy excretion. Seed 1.2 x 0.55 cm, drying orange brown.”- Putranjiva zeylanica. This narration not matching with P. pudrabogura Zinia & Miraz leaves, fruits color and seeds. Showing these 3 species differences below. Keywords: Putranjivaceae, Putranjiva, New species, Bangladesh.

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Water Using Chitosan []


In this study, the processes of treating water contaminated with heavy metals using chitosan were examined. Chitosan, a natural polysac-charide, stands out as an environmentally friendly adsorbent with the potential to remove various pollutants, particularly heavy metals, from water. The study investigated whether chitosan could effectively remove heavy metal ions such as iron (Fe) and cadmium (Cd) through adsorption processes. Experimental results revealed that chitosan exhibits a higher adsorption capacity compared to activated carbon in removing these metals from solutions. This finding highlights the potential of chitosan for environmental applications, particu-larly in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals. The combination of chitosan’s properties—such as low cost, bio-degradability, and environmental compatibility—suggests that it could serve as a significant alternative in water treatment technologies. Additionally, chitosan-based adsorbents are considered to offer more efficient and sustainable solutions compared to conventional treatment methods. This study underscores the potential of chitosan in water purification and contributes to the development of envi-ronmentally friendly alternatives.

The Tragic Leap of Flames: Fire Victim Survivors []


The research study discovered the lived experiences of Fire Victim Survivors (FVS), specifically focusing on the causes of the physical injuries they incurred, the safety measures they undertook during the fire incident, the struggles they faced, the assistance they received, and their realizations following the event. Utilizing qualitative research through a phenomenological approach, the study involved four participants from Laoag City and the City of Batac, Ilocos Norte. Data-gathering tools included an approved and verified interview guide, recording devices, and interviews, with narrative analysis employed to interpret the findings. The results highlighted the physical injuries sustained by the survivors, such as amputated feet and varying degrees of burns. The study revealed participants’ lack of knowledge regarding safety measures. It emphasized the struggles they encountered in adjusting to their new life circumstances after the fire incidents. Ultimately, the survivors realized the importance of being responsible and cautious to prevent future fire incidents. The study concluded that the FVS faced numerous challenges linked to the fire incidents underscoring the need for vigilance and caution, lack of knowledge during fire emergencies, the support received from government entities and relatives, and the realizations that prompted them to adopt a more careful approach to safety. Recommendations emphasized the importance of continued vigilance and caution among the survivors. It suggested that they attend seminars on fire safety measures, prepare for potential job opportunities, seek assistance from the government and their community, and maintain a careful approach to prevent future fire incidents. Keywords: || Tragic Leap of Flames, Fire Victim Survivors, Incurred Physical Injuries, Fire Safety Measures, Struggles Faced, Assistance Received, and Realizations.

THE UNSEEN BURDENS: A STUDY OF LIFE AFTER TEENAGE PREGNANCY AT TAGOLOAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL" []


In the Philippines, the escalating rate of teenage pregnancies presents a critical societal challenge, directly contradicting the aspirational belief that youth are the nation's beacon of hope. This study addresses the stark reality that the increasing number of adolescents experiencing early pregnancies has profound and alarming consequences, notably the disruption of educational trajectories and the exacerbation of poverty within young families. This research aims to delve into the lived experiences of teenage mothers, elucidating the multifaceted impacts of early pregnancy on their lives, with a particular focus on the educational and socioeconomic barriers they encounter. The study seeks to comprehensively explore the socio-demographic profiles of respondents, their perceived mental and physical health impacts, and the intricate relationships between these impacts and socio-demographic factors. Participants will be teenage mothers, aged 13 to 19, who gave birth at a local government hospital in Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental. Data will be collected using a researcher-developed survey questionnaire, designed to gather detailed information on socio-demographic profiles and perceived post-pregnancy impacts. Employing a descriptive research design with a purposive quota sampling method, the study will conduct structured interviews to ensure a representative sample. Statistical analysis will utilize frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviations, and correlation tests (Spearman and Chi-square) to rigorously evaluate the relationships between variables. The findings reveal that teenage mothers experience moderate levels of mental and physical health challenges, with significant correlations observed between these challenges and educational attainment. While most respondents reported strong family support networks, they consistently faced economic hardships. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted support programs that prioritize educational opportunities and provide comprehensive health and psychological support tailored to the unique needs of teenage mothers. It is recommended that community-based initiatives be implemented to mitigate stigma, enhance access to essential resources, and deliver targeted interventions that empower young mothers to improve their quality of life and achieve economic stability."

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC FINANCIAL AND CRIMES COMMISSION (EFCC) IN CURBING CYBERCRIMES IN NIGERIA []


Mismanagement, corruption, a lack of accountability and transparency. Systemic inefficiencies, particularly in the public sector, were caused by fraud that went undetected. Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa with a population of over 200 million and 91 million active internet users. With 47% of its population from West Africa, the nation is multicultural and multiethnic. The study adopts the general deterrence theory because it integrates choice theory and rational choice theory because the seriousness, promptness, and certainty of punishment can deter criminal behavior. This study is aware of how cybercrime affects the Nigerian system. This study aims to evaluate the contribution made by the EFCC to lowering cybercrime in Nigeria using data from all three senatorial districts in Kwara State as well as a few selected government parastatals. The purpose of this study was to better understand the nature of cybercrime, its effects on the Nigerian system as a whole, and the efficiency of the EFCC in reducing cybercrime among young people in Kwara State and throughout Nigeria. The study reveals that cybercrime has penetrated the Nigerian system profoundly and if left unchecked, would persist in the nearest future due to the EFCC's failure to permanently reduce youth cybercrime. Conclusions were generated based on the results of the test performed using all pertinent information gathered and examined for each of the analyses. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of EFCC efforts in promoting financial accountability and transparency in cyberspace, as well as its capacity to identify and tackle cybercrime across the nation of Nigeria.

Small and medium-sized plant production companies and intra-regional trade: the case of Mali in the ECOWAS region []


Abstract Our article aims to promote the link between the participation of small and medium-sized crop production companies and intra-regional exchange from Mali within the ECOWAS region. Indeed, it first examines the importance of the mango production basins of (Sikasso, Bamako and Koulikoro) illustrated in (figure no. 2. Then the article shows that, mangoes from Mali are intended mainly for three geographical areas: Europe, Maghreb and Africa. Finally, the article identified the profile of the actors operating in intra-regional ECOWAS trade in plant production, in particular the mango sector. This mainly concerns the profile of the suppliers and applicants in the production activities of the mango sector On the other hand, the economic literature remains poorly documented on the subject, especially very specifically for our region. Among the studies which are interested in our subject, we can cite: that of (Bassolé, 2022; Ibrahim Ag Abdoulaye Ag Sid Ahmad, 2020). ECOWAS intra-regional trade. Keywords Micro businesses, intra-regional exchange, ECOWAS area, Mali

Cultural Acculturation and Its Impact on Ka-k-wing (Wedding Practices) in Royal Meranaw Families []


The study entitled “Cultural Acculturation and Its Impact on Ka-k-wing (Wedding Practices) in Royal Meranaw Families investigated the Impact of Acculturation to the of Royal Meranaw Families. In this paper, the criterion change indicates cultural acculturation. The researcher emphasizes “Acculturation” into the culture of Meranaw Royal Families as a “foreign element” that impinges into the Meranaw original culture. In specific, answers the following question is sought “how have the Meranaw been acculturated, in terms on wedding practice. This research used purely qualitative ethnographic study of the royal Meranaw’s especially on the self –perceived impact of Cultural Acculturation of Royal Meranaw Families. The research sample consisted of eleven agamas/ eleven sultans in Marawi with their families with a total of 52 Respondents. The researcher conducted one on one interview, Focus Group Discussion and written interview in every respondent with respect to civil status, community involvement. In addition, both the verbal technique that includes participant observation and the non-verbal technique through the employment of photography in gathering data were used. The study's findings reveal that royal Meranaw weddings have undergone significant acculturation, reflecting changes in both practices and values. These shifts include the following:1. The inclusion of non-traditional leaders and elected officials, from both national and local governments, in wedding ceremonies. 2. The adoption of modern attire, with women wearing wedding gowns and men in coats and ties. 3.The use of stages and function halls for wedding celebrations. 4.The practice of marrying foreigners. 5. The shift to buffet-style catering for food service. 6. A growing trend of couples traveling for their honeymoon. 7. The incorporation of Islamic concepts into the wedding ceremony. These findings suggest that, over time, wedding traditions and royal coronations have progressively evolved to align with newly assimilated norms that reflect the values of this generation. Much like other prominent cultures, weddings in the Meranaw royal lineage play a crucial role in preserving family heritage and status. However, as the years go by, this sacred and traditional rite sometimes transcends its historical boundaries, as some royal families embrace innovations and practices from other cultures, finding them both enjoyable and satisfying. Keywords: Sultanate, Acculturation, Wedding ceremony, Taritib wa Igma, Royal Meranaw Families

Review of sporopollenin exine microcapsules, and compatibility with excipients for potential oral delivery of drugs possessing liquid crystalline properties. []


This review focuses on using sporopollenin exine microcapsule (SpECs) to encapsulate different drug components for oral delivery. This review investigated the various extraction methods used to isolate sporopollenin exine microcapsules from plant spores, and the application of the exine for potential oral delivery of drugs. The review probed further into an underexplored area of using excipients with SpECs for drug delivery, to gain knowledge into the potential use of sporopollenin in the encapsulation of drugs with liquid crystalline properties for potential topical or oral administration. The molecular architecture of sporopollenin has been discussed with insights into its non-allergenic, non-toxic, and stable properties. Sporopollenin has been used to encapsulate several bioactive substances to enhance their release in a controlled manner as they are transported for oral delivery in biological environments such as the gastrointestinal tract. The initial loading and efficiency of delivery for several SpECs-biomaterial drug delivery systems have shown great biocompatibility, which allows for release and residual activity studies. Many drugs show liquid crystalline properties and hence, their properties have been the most studied compounds across several science fields and their properties and application in pharmaceutical chemistry have been discussed. Keywords: Sporopollenin, SpECs, Lycopodium clavatum l., Liquid crystals, Sunset Yellow, Release studies, chitosan.

EFFECT OF ANNONA MURICATA (SOURSOP) SEED EXTRACT ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE OF MALE WISTAR RATS []


In this study, the effects of Annona muricata seed extract against phenylhydrazine-induced anemia on the antioxidant profile were investigated in rats. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats weighing 130-145 grams were assigned to 5 groups of rats (n = 5), were used for the main study, and were treated accordingly: Group 1 (0.2 ml normal saline and served as the control), Group 2 (phenylhydrazine only, 20 mg/kg), Group 3 (20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine + 200 mg/kg body weight Annona muricata seed extract), Group 4 (20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine + 400 mg/kg body weight Annona muricata seed extract), and Group 5 (20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine + 200 mg/kg body weight Annona muricata seed extract). The treatments lasted for 14 days, after which their body weight measurements and blood samples were taken for antioxidant essay results, after which they were analyzed and means values of P˂0.05 were considered significant. The decline in the values of antioxidant parameters due to phenylhydrazine administration was also significantly ameliorated in the groups co-treated with the extract. The study suggests Annona muricata seed as a good antioxidant agent in the face of hemolytic anemia, even in the face of phyenylhydrazine poisoning, while protecting the structural integrity of RBC. Keywords: Annona muricata, seed, phenylhydrazine, oxidative stress, hemolytic jaundice.

The Design of A Proportional Plus Integral Controller for Complex Process Plant Application. []


The paper work of a process plant that present the design of a proportional plus integral (PI) controller for a chemical process plant which investigate two PI controller tuning algorithms; Hagglund – Astrom and cohen-coon tuning relations that is required for adequate re-tuning of a chemical process plant is represented. The Ziegler-Nichols PI tuning method is used as a baseline to judge the performance of both algorithms, as to determine which of the tuning relation is more conservative and has a better control Approach. The Design and analysis of the PI controller was carried out in the laboratory, using the national instrument’s labView Virtual software. Also, the labview VI math scrip is used for the PI controller setting and PI controller calculation. The PID controller that contain; the proportional, integral, and the derivative term is developed as shown in figure 1. The proportional term (k_p ), controls the output change that is proportional to the error, the integral term(k_i), is proportional to the momentary error that exist in the system over time, and when sum to the proportional part, increases the movement of the process towards set point by eliminating the steady state error; while the derivative term(k_D), is proportional to the rate of change of the process error. The second part of this paper work is to investigate and analysed the effect of saturation on the three term controller (PID) design. A modification was implemented in other to combat the effect of actuator saturation on the performance of each controller; also the anti-wind up was used to control the effect of the saturation on each controller as discuss in this paper work. However, this paper work is aimed at obtaining a suitable model of a chemical plant that allows the tuning of PI controller loop and to investigate two tuning algorithms; Cohen & Coon and Hagglund-Astrom PI tuning relation and to calculate the PI controller setting using algorithms, and compare the performance of both controller and establish the most conservative using the third design; the Ziegler-Nichols tuning relation as a base line design. Key Word: System Design, Proportional control, Integral control, Hagglund-Astrom PI Tuning Relation, Saturation.

DIGITAL PEDAGOGY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: TOWARDS GRADUATES’ GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURIAL RELEVANCE. []


Entrepreneurship education is a vital part of the education system in Nigeria while digital pedagogy is a global trend of the moment. The study explored a range of scientific literature on the relevance of digital Pedagogy in Entrepreneurship Education with a focus on strategically positioning Nigeria graduates as they acquire new knowledge in order to be globally relevant in entrepreneurship activities and practices. This study adopts a systematic literature review where forty-five (45) reliable and relevant sources were reviewed following comprehensive screening of all data were analyzed and evaluated viz pre-existing knowledge about digital pedagogy's effect on entrepreneurship education. This study found very low adoption of digital pedagogies in the teaching of entrepreneurship in higher education in Nigeria It is therefore recommended that efforts should be geared towards the formulation of policies targeted towards an adoption of appropriate pedagogies in teaching entrepreneurship to promote the global relevance of Nigeria graduates in entrepreneurship practices. Measures should also be mounted to Up-skill entrepreneurship educators on the use of digital pedagogies, collaborating with Professional associations in digitalization, and be ethical in its adoption viz responsible use, safeguarding data privacy, and exhibiting courteous behavior within digital contexts. Key Words: Entrepreneurship education, Digital Pedagogy, Technology, Pedagogy

"Navigating Change: The Impact of Digital Transformation on Botswana's Banking Sector" []


Digital transformation is considerably raised by the Botswana banking sector, with both challenges and opportunities. The integration of advanced technologies improves operational efficiency and customer experience, but also requires investment and reinforcement of substantial capacities among banking establishments. In addition, the risk of cybersecurity can increase as services migrate online. However, the digital bank facilitates greater financial inclusion, in particular for poorly served populations, thus promoting economic growth. By filling gaps in access to financial services, digital solutions can stimulate entrepreneurship and stimulate local savings. In the end, the evolutionary landscape of the Botswana banking sector highlights the need for strategic executives that maximize advantages while attenuating associated risks.

Burning the Midnight Oil: Policy Review and Narrative Review on Teacher Work Hours and Ancillary Services for Effective Teaching and Support within the Framework of Section 13 and 14 of RA 4670 []


This research explores the disconnect between policy guidelines and the realities faced by teachers in the Philippines. Focusing on Sections 13 and 14 of Republic Act 4670, it analyzes how mandated work hours (Section 13) and the demands of additional duties (Section 14) can conflict, leading to excessive workloads. Through policy analysis and teacher narratives (case studies), the research exposes this tension. Recognizing the detrimental impact on teacher effectiveness, the study proposes recommendations to bridge the gap between policy and practice. The recommendations put forward aim to enhance the effective implementation of Section 13 and 14 of Republic Act 4670. These suggestions focus on streamlining work hour requirements outlined in Section 13 and clarifying the additional duties specified in Section 14 to ensure a balanced workload for teachers. By optimizing the application of these sections, the goal is to alleviate the burden on educators, promote their well-being, and ultimately enhance the quality of education delivery in the Philippines.

ALGERIAN SUICIDE PREDICTION SCORE []


ALGERIAN SUICIDE PREDICTION SCORE Dr Asma BOUCHAAR, Pr Mourad RAIAH, Pr Abdelmadjid ABOUBEKER, Pr Salim BOUMESLOUT. INTRODUCTION : Some see life as the set of functions that resist death [1]. The complete and definitive cessation of these vital functions could be secondary to either a natural process (natural death), an accidental process (accidental violent death) or a voluntary process (criminal violent death: homicide and suicidal violent death: suicide). Although the phenomenon of killing oneself or committing suicide has existed for a long time, it still attracts the interest of many multidisciplinary studies and research, including philosophy, sociology, psychology, psychoanalysis, psychiatry and medicine, particularly forensic medicine [2]. More than 800,000 people commit suicide every year worldwide - that's one every 40 seconds. With around 9,000 suicide deaths a year, three times as many as from road accidents, France has one of the highest suicide rates in Western Europe [3]. The frequency of suicides in Oran/Algeria is 19.8% compared to 80.2% of non-suicidal violent deaths during the period from the year 2015 to the year 2020 [2]. The suicide mortality rate in Oran rose from 0.65 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015 to 1.11 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019 and 1.09 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020 [2]. The suicide mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants in the Oranese and Algerian population during 2019 was low compared with certain countries on different continents: Tunisia: 3.3, Morocco: 7.2, Libya: 4.5, Egypt: 3.0, South Africa: 23.5, Italy: 6.7, France: 13.8, Germany: 12.5, United States: 16.1, Australia: 12.5, India: 12.7, Bahrain: 8.9, United Arab Emirates: 6.4... [2]. The search for suicidal risk factors makes it possible to identify the population at risk, hence the need to develop a suicide prediction score specific to our population. This will help healthcare professionals to predict the medico-legal form of suicide the time of death and will enable emergency practitioners to identify suicidal patients so that they can be managed to prevent suicide and any recurrence of suicide attempts.

Chemistry, Title: The Miracle from Pistachio Shell: Natural Healing Gel []


This project examines studies on wound healing processes and the materials used. Wounds are classified into two types: acute and chronic. Acute wounds heal quickly, while chronic wounds heal slowly or recur. The wound healing process occurs in four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Various wound dressings are used to accelerate healing. Modern wound dressings such as hydrocolloids, alginates, and hydrogels support healing by providing a moist environment. Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory substances are also crucial in wound healing processes. Extracts obtained from the outer shell of pistachios possess antibacterial and antioxidant properties, making them a potential candidate for medical applications. The study highlights the sustainable recycling of pistachio shells for the production of an antibacterial gel. This approach is significant in terms of waste management and environmental protection. In the gel production process, chemical components such as carbomer, triethanolamine, and propylene glycol were used. Carbomer acts as a thickening agent, while triethanolamine serves as a neutralizer. The extraction process was applied to obtain extracts from pistachio shells. This project not only contributes to the reutilization of waste but also promotes innovation in the medical field by utilizing natural resources.