Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Sexual education plays a critical role in equipping children with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and AIDS. This study assessed sexual education among school-going children aged 10 to 15 years at APADE, with particular emphasis on its role in the prevention of STIs, HIV, and AIDS. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed among 227 pupils drawn from upper primary classes, representing 42.5% of the total school population. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to puberty, STIs, HIV/AIDS, sexual behavior, and preventive measures.
The findings indicated that 54% of respondents were able to correctly identify at least three physical characteristics of puberty, including voice changes in boys, onset of menstruation in girls, and growth of body hair. Awareness of HIV/AIDS was high, with 89% of learners identifying it as a sexually transmitted infection, and 91% recognizing unprotected sexual intercourse as a major risk factor for HIV, AIDS, and other STIs. Abstinence was cited as the primary method of prevention by 67% of respondents. Despite this awareness, gaps remained in comprehensive sexual health knowledge.
Regarding attitudes and behaviors, 25% of the pupils reported having engaged in sexual intercourse, a concerning proportion given their age. Among those who were sexually active, 85% reported having had sexual intercourse only once. More than half (53%) reported that their first sexual experience occurred with peers, while 21% indicated involvement with family members. Additionally, 79% of reported sexual encounters occurred at home, and 53% of respondents cited curiosity or pleasure as the main reason for engaging in sexual activity.
In terms of preventive practices, 63% of sexually active respondents reported not using a condom during sexual intercourse, and 74% perceived condom use as being contrary to cultural norms. These findings highlight early sexual initiation, low condom use, and persistent cultural barriers as major challenges to effective STI, HIV, and AIDS prevention among school-aged children.
The study concludes that although basic awareness of HIV/AIDS exists, comprehensive sexual education among children aged 10 to 15 years at APADE remains inadequate. The high prevalence of early sexual activity combined with low protective practices underscores the urgent need for structured, age-appropriate sexual education programs integrated into school curricula, strengthened parental involvement, and culturally sensitive community-based interventions to improve sexual and reproductive health outcomes among children.
Abstract: This journal paper presents a novel approach for vehicle detection by integrating an improved version of the YOLOv13 object - detection algorithm with advanced attention mechanisms. The proposed method aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of vehicle detection in various real - world scenarios, such as traffic monitoring, autonomous driving, and intelligent transportation systems. By leveraging the strengths of the improved YOLOv13 architecture and attention - based feature enhancement, the algorithm can effectively handle vehicle scale variations, complex backgrounds, and occlusions. Experimental results on standard vehicle detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing state - of - the - art methods in terms of detection accuracy and speed.
Keywords: Vehicle Detection, YOLOv13, Attention Mechanism, Deep Learning, Object Detection
Language is a precious gift designed for the human species. Each world language has its way of combining letters and words (signs), which are then assembled into phrases and sentences. The study of distinctive units of language, called phonemes, examines how they are combined and transformed within a linguistic system. This study will focus on the phonological errors made by learners of French language in some selected Polytechnics in Southwest, Nigeria. It will also explore the fusion of phonology and syntax to form the term phonosyntax, which will further immerse us in analsing phonological errors among learners in Southwest region. The primary objective of this work is to analyse phonological errors, examine their effects, causes, and implications on speech perception and understanding, and highlight the importance of studying phonological errors. Phonological variations have a significant impact on communication.
La RDC présente une Procyclité budgétaire marquée (b=+0,45,p<0,05) sur 1980-2026, caractérisée par des expansions budgétaires en phases de boom minier (+25% dépenses 2022) et des coups draconiennes en récession (-45% dépenses 2016).
Il est inéluctablement incontestable qu’à ce jour, l’exploitation minière en RDC devient une réalité indéniable à l'ère de la transition énergé-tique visant la décarbonisation de la production énergétique au profit de l’augmentation de l’électricité dans les usages. Cependant, il se trouve que les minéraux porteurs de cette vague se retrouvent pour la plupart dans notre pays, la République Démocratique du Congo et feront l'objet d'un appétit de plus en plus vorace, susceptible, il faut l'espérer, d’être exploité paisiblement et à contre-courant.
La République démocratique du Congo, dont le sol et le sous-sol n'ont pas encore livré tous leurs secrets minéralogiques, abrite des gisements de classe mondiale de métaux critiques de la transition énergétique : le cuivre-cobalt pour ne citer que ceux-ci qui sont exploités pour l'essen-tiel en mode industriel, à côté d'une exploitation artisanale dynamique de mieux en mieux encadrée. Deuxième producteur mondial de cuivre, derrière l'incontournable Chili, avec 3.100.234 tonnes en 2024, la République démocratique du Congo détient la septième réserve mondiale de ce métal. Pour ce qui concerne le cobalt, métal critique prisé pour ses propriétés éminemment compatibles avec la chimie complexe des batteries électriques de type Lithium Ion tout autant que pour son usage sous forme d'alliages réfractaires dans les parties chaudes des turbo-réacteurs, notamment, la RDC en détient les réserves les plus importantes au niveau mondial et en est le premier producteur .
Face à cette position qu’occupe la RDC au regard des minerais de la transition énergétique, pour certains source de malédiction à cause des tragédies qu’ils occasionnent pour son exploitation parfois illégale et meurtrière puisque s’attendant à une croissance inclusive mais malheu-reusement sans toutefois la voir, nous, bien au contraire, affirmons notre optimisme dans la capacité de ce secteur à l’ère de la transition énergétique à revitaliser l’économie nationale pour un développement socio-économique intégral.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands that
may, in exceptional cases, develop within the paranasal sinuses.
We report the case of a patient presenting with unilateral nasal obstruction
associated with recurrent epistaxis, in whom investigations led to the diagnosis of an
adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.
Treatment consisted of surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.
The outcome after 18 months was favorable, with no local recurrence or metastasis.
Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma, maxillary sinus, sinonasal tumor, endonasal
surgery, radiotherapy, recurrence.
This study examines the role of super agents in telecommunications companies, particularly Orange and Vodacom, in the city of Bandundu between 2020 and 2024. It highlights the importance of the telecommunications sector in the socio-economic development of the Democratic Republic of Congo, especially through mobile money services that promote financial inclusion. In this context, super agents emerge as key actors in the distribution and management of mobile financial services.
The theoretical analysis shows that super agents occupy a strategic intermediary position between telecom operators and field agents. They perform several essential functions such as liquidity management, agent supervision, training, distribution of digital products, and operational data collection. The study also identifies the characteristics, skills, and strategies required for their effectiveness in a challenging technical and logistical environment.
The empirical findings, based on a survey of 11 super agents, confirm their crucial role in the functioning of the mobile money network. They contribute to customer growth, service improvement, and local socio-economic development. However, they face several challenges, including liquidity shortages, fraud risks, and operational difficulties. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance their efficiency and integration into the financial system.
In previous articles entitled "How to Generate New Mathematics - Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4" and "How to Merge Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity - Parts 1 and 2", we introduced and defined the new concept of physical control volume proposed by the author in 2020. We demonstrated that quantum mechanics and general relativity can be precisely defined, described and merged within this volume, sometimes called the Abbas control volume.
The question arises:
Does Maxwell's electromagnetic theory need to be reformulated to fit into, or be compatible with, Einstein's general relativity?
This question was Albert Einstein's last thought, but his limited skills in physics and mathematics prevented him from bringing it to fruition.
Einstein's idea is generally considered that of an absolute genius, but how could it have been implemented? In this article, we study Maxwell’s four equations of the electromagnetic field and examine the possibility of reformulating them to align with quantum mechanics and general relativity.
In reality, these three theories obey one and the same fundamental equation:
Energy density stress tensor × Spacetime curvature tensor = I . . . . (1)
It is clear that the combination of these three theories within the framework of this same universal equation (1) constitutes the ultimate theory, or the theory of everything.
In other words, how to unify Abbas's quantum mechanics, Abbas's general relativity, and Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic fields?
We assume that the theoretical framework of the statistical chain theory of B matrices can provide a rigorous answer to all these questions and, moreover, establish new rules and new theorems.
Furthermore, in this article, which extends our previous work, we use the same control volume (or inbox theory) to further our earlier statistical analysis by addressing five urgent unanswered questions:
1- Is it possible to think outside the box?
2- Does Maxwell's electromagnetic theory need to be reformulated to be compatible with Einstein's general relativity?
3- Is it true that the special relativity is the flat space limit of general relativity?
4- Is it true that Special Relativity is just a special case of General relativity?
5- Nature, is it reversible or irreversible?
This is the subject of this article.
Finally, it should be clarified that this article does not aim to minimize the major contributions of the great physicists and mathematicians of their time such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert and Riemann, among others, but rather to address the main errors and limitations of their theories, where applicable.
Note: If you are not familiar with the universal laws of physics, please stop reading. This article is not intended for you.
Today, communication, its strategies, and strategic actions are crucial assets in finding sustainable solutions to many of the problems facing society. They allow us to inform people in real time, organize and manage the community, and guide and facilitate exchanges between those who govern and those who are governed, and between leaders and employees, with the aim of ensuring and maintaining a climate of trust among stakeholders. In short, communication has become an all-encompassing tool; nothing can be achieved or succeed without it, regardless of the field in which you operate. Therefore, establishing an effective communication system is essential to enabling all organizations, institutions, and businesses to achieve their assigned objectives. This is the case for the provincial government of Tshopo, which, in order to achieve its objectives, must equip itself with a communication system that will allow it to communicate in real time or maintain constant contact with its constituents in order to ensure a climate of trust and involve the population in the management of the province. Our analysis is therefore structured as follows: In addition to the introduction and conclusion, it comprises three parts. The first deals with general information; the second focuses on the communication systems used; and the third examines the contribution of communication to the management of the province.
Keywords : communication, leader, employee, encompassing tool, management
Any organization or individual that values its development or future must know how to communicate with its environment, both general and specific. The question of why to communicate is now outdated, the cause being definitively settled, but the question of how to communicate remains relevant. To communicate effectively, organizations or individuals must employ communication techniques and implement effective strategic actions to achieve their objectives. The importance of communication is undeniable, as it has become vital in all relationships, a driving force that generates significant interest among organizations and individuals of all sizes. This is why we are generally convinced of the necessity for individuals and organizations to organize themselves and communicate with their environment. Among these techniques, we cite patronage, considered by some authors to be the oldest technique, and sponsorship, which is also considered the most recent. Both are capable of ensuring effective communication between the organization and/or individual and their environment, both general and specific. Given the relevance of these two techniques in the lives of organizations and individuals, this research focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences that can exist between these two communication techniques, which are sometimes confused. Our analysis is structured as follows: in addition to the introduction and conclusion, it comprises three parts. The first part deals with general information; the second focuses on the similarities and differences between these two techniques; and the third on the distinctions between them.
Keywords : environment, sponsorship, development, communication
Sierra Leone’s transition to multiparty democracy since the end of its civil war in 2002 has produced notable gains, including five peaceful elections and institutional reforms. However, as of early 2026 the country continues to face serious challenges that undermine democratic quality. Endemic corruption disputed electoral processes, political repression, weak rule of law, and economic vulnerabilities exacerbated by external shocks remain persistent. Drawing on data from Transparency International, the Economist Intelligence Unit, Freedom House, the Bertelsmann Transformation Index, the World Bank, and Afrobarometer, this paper analyses these issues through empirical trends and visualizations. Key findings include a Corruption Perceptions Index score of 33/100 in 2024 (rising to 34/100 in 2025), a hybrid-regime classification in the EIU Democracy Index (4.32/10), and low public trust in institutions (only 28 % trust the police). Perpetual corruption, loopholes in rule of law and justice delivery, violations of civil and political liberties, and executive dominance have subsequently undermined accountability and inclusivity. The paper offers actionable policy recommendations, strengthening the independence of the Anti-Corruption Commission, biometric electoral reforms, judicial autonomy, inclusive political dialogue, and data-driven monitoring, aligned with the Medium-Term National Development Plan 2024–2030. It concludes that targeted reforms, supported by international partners, can strengthen democratic resilience. In the absence of immediate structural reforms including constitutional amendments to promote decentralization, promote electoral independence, checks and balance, and cross-party cooperation, these issues might threaten the 2028 elections and hinder the democratic process.
Trichomoniasis is a very common sexually transmitted infection (STI) especially among women caused by a motile protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis and this lead to vaginal discharge in women as it increases dysuria infected persons or individuals suffering from the illness can still pass the infection to others through sexual contact. A cross section of active teenage girls of one hundred and twenty one (121) samples were collected and analyzed from Asokoro general Hospital between aged 13-18yrs who attended a routine checkup with the hospital. Socio-demographic information was used by the structure questionnaires. The vaginal smears were obtained from the posterior formix of the vagina using sterile swab sticks and 2(9.5%) teenage girls were positive with T. vaginalis and, 8(20.0%) between the age of 14-17yrs old. Teenage girls at 18yrs and above (4.5%) were infected and the variance in age infertility showed a significant relationship among classified age group (ᵡ2 =0.81>P=0.09). though, the overall prevalence 14.04% indicates high prevalence rate (41.5%) among teenage girls of aged 18 and above attending secondary and high school though, lower prevalence rate (20.0%) was observed indicating 6.0% of T. vaginalis among teenage girls sampled at the Asokoro General Hospital. This poses a public health implications therefore, expose to early sex and safe sexual practicces among the teenage girls should be advocated with no cost.
Aguilar, Angeline M., Albano, Kenneth Jhon R., Dumlao, Clarence B., Mariano, Mark Christian S., Oasay, Manie F., Orlanda, Rafael Louise D., Rosales, Jerico A., Tagama, Marc Ave C., Sabido, Nnael Sebestien A.
ABSTRACT
This research study explored the inaudible statements of the offenders of vehicular homicide, focusing on the measures they take to avoid the vehicular accident, their reactions right after the vehicular accident, the effect of the accident on their lives and their realizations. Employing a case study design, five participants from the Province of Ilocos Norte who had involved in vehicular homicide cases were selected for in-depth interviews.
The analysis revealed that the participants’ preventive measures during vehicular accidents, such as braking and counter-steering, often proved ineffective due to the suddenness of the situations. Following the accidents, offenders experienced shock, nervousness, and trauma, with some attempting to escape responsibility. The emotional aftermath included guilt over causing fatalities, insomnia, and social isolation, particularly among those stigmatized as “killers.” Reflecting on these events, the offenders stressed the importance of road safety and the inevitability of accidents, advocating for preventive measures to protect others.
Based on the findings, the researchers recommend that Vehicular Homicide Offenders seek mental health support and engage in social reintegration activities, aided by family and friends. Group sessions can help provide emotional support. Suggested interventions for drivers include enrolling in safe driving courses and competency assessments to ensure qualifications. Thorough investigations by the Philippine National Police should consider all potential factors and involve sensitive interviews with witnesses. The Land Transportation Office is urged to impose stricter regulations on public transportation, including enhanced driver licensing, mandatory rest periods, and vehicle maintenance standards. Additionally, road safety improvements are advised, such as better signage, road visibility, and strict enforcement of traffic laws.
Abstract
Background: Risk factors associated with malnutrition among children under five in Jabel Awlia locality (Mayo area), Khartoum State, Sudan (March 2026): a cross-sectional assessment.
Objectives: This study aimed to describe the nutritional status and recent morbidity among children under five attending nutrition services in Mayo area (Jabel Awlia locality, Khartoum State), and to document infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.
Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional assessment using routine programme registers and caregiver interviews. Descriptive statistics summarized distributions and proportions. The study was conducted in Mayo area (Jabel Awlia locality, Khartoum State), March 2026 among 715 children aged <5 years.
Results: Of 715 children assessed, 45.3% (n = 224) were male and 54.7% (n = 391) were female. By MUAC, 16.9% (n = 121) were <115 mm, 8.7% (n = 62) were 115–124 mm, and 74.4% (n = 532) were ≥125 mm; bilateral oedema was rare (0.6%, n = 4). Recent morbidity was frequent: diarrhoea in the previous two weeks affected 22.9% (n = 164) and acute respiratory infection 49.2% (n = 352). Sudden weaning was reported by 91.6% (n = 654). Reported breastfeeding duration was 6–10 months in 37.9% (n = 271) and 11–15 months in 32.0% (n = 229).
Conclusion: A substantial proportion of children met MUAC criteria for acute malnutrition and nearly half had symptoms of acute respiratory infection, with one in five reporting recent diarrhoea. Findings underscore the need to strengthen IYCF counselling, promote timely care‑seeking for childhood illness, and integrate WASH and nutrition services in similar urban Sudanese settings.
Keywords: malnutrition; MUAC; diarrhoea; acute respiratory infection; IYCF; Sudan
In this paper, we address the challenge of dissecting linguistic awareness in Large Language Models (LLMs). We introduce the Linguistic Representation Analysis Framework (LRAF), a computational tool that integrates probing classifiers, information-theoretic quantities, and behavior tests to measure syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic ability quantitatively. When deployed on LLaMA-3 and GPT-4 models, LRAF reveals hierarchical representation of language, with syntactic and semantic peaks at middle and higher layers, respectively. The findings show good and strong cross-linguistic generalization of grammatical knowledge, supporting latent language-invariant representations. The research highlights how LRAF and feature-extraction methods like Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) provide a standardized probing of linguistic capacity in LLMs.
The focus of this paper will be on examining the effect of equity market announcements of supervisory stress tests. The tests are conducted within the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review framework administered by the Federal Reserve and whether its effect of this announcement on stock prices is contingent on the degree of information uncertainty before the disclosure. The sample consists of publicly traded US banking holding companies that are subject to the CCAR as well as the control group that are large financial institutions which are not subject to the stress test. The analysis uses an event study and difference in differences approach to measure the impact of CCAR announcements on abnormal stock returns and short term volatility. The results show that CCAR announcements are associated with positive abnormal returns and higher volatility for regulated banks. There is limited evidence that return responses vary with ex-ante uncertainty. The findings provide evidence that supervisory stress tests contain market relevant information and have a role in shaping investor expectations.
This article examines the question of social justice in nature conservation in the Democratic Republic of Congo from an ontological-existential perspective. It begins with the observation that classical approaches to environmental justice, centered on resource redistribution and participation, remain insufficient to grasp the depth of the injustices experienced by local communities. The method adopted is essentially philosophical-analytical and critical, drawing on a comparative reading of Western tradition (notably René Descartes and Martin Heidegger) and African ontologies, enriched by contributions from contemporary theories of recognition (Nancy Fraser, Axel Honneth) as well as decolonial perspectives (Arturo Escobar). This approach allows us to question the ontological presuppositions that structure conservation policies. The results show that the dominant conservation approach, based on a naturalist ontology that separates nature and culture, produces ontological violence by denying local relational ontologies where humans and non-humans coexist in a shared existence. This violence manifests itself through territorial dispossession, the erasure of African cosmologies, and an existential crisis marked by a loss of meaning and identity. The keywords : Social justice, Nature conservation, Ontological-existential perspective, Relational ontologies, Relational ethics, Democratic Republic of Congo.
No papers found matching your search. Try a different keyword.
Published papers are indexed in
Submissions Open
See Your Research in the Next Edition
Join thousands of researchers published in GSJ. Submit your manuscript — peer review in 1–3 days, open access publication, EOI assignment, and global indexing across 150+ countries.
