Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study investigates the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria from 2010 to 2024. Financial inclusion has increasingly been recognized as a key driver of economic development, particularly in emerging economies such as Nigeria (World Bank, 2020). Despite efforts by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and financial institutions to deepen financial access through mobile banking, agent banking, and fintech innovations, a significant proportion of the Nigerian population remains financially excluded (EFInA, 2022). This research employs a quantitative descriptive design, using secondary data sourced from the World Bank, CBN, and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The study utilizes multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between financial inclusion indicators (e.g., number of bank accounts, credit to the private sector, and mobile money usage) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The findings reveal a statistically significant and positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth. It concludes that improved access to financial services facilitates investment, consumption, and job creation, which are critical to Nigeria's economic expansion. The study recommends that government policies should prioritize digital financial literacy, rural banking infrastructure, and regulatory support for fintech companies. It also emphasizes the need for collaboration between financial institutions and telecommunication firms to promote innovative financial products
The use of psychometric testing in school environments constitutes an essential practice for psychologists and guidance counselors working within secondary education institutions. In the field of school and vocational guidance, tests serve as reliable tools to help students discover their interests and aptitudes, enabling them to make judicious choices regarding their academic paths. Several studies have highlighted the predominant role of testing in schools while also noting certain limitations, particularly concerning student orientation (Guédon et al., 2011; Boy, 2018). The general objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the National Selection and Vocational Guidance Test in the orientation process for 8th-grade basic education students in the city of Kikwit. To this end, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a random sample of 61 participants, all of whom are guidance counselors assigned to schools within the city of Kikwit. The results demonstrate that the National Selection and Vocational Guidance Test is ineffective. Specifically, a large majority of participants (68.9%) compared to a small minority (31.1%) state that the test does not effectively assess the skills and personality traits of the students being guided. Furthermore, 55.7% of subjects, as opposed to 44.3%, confirm that the instrument fails to achieve its assigned objectives. For 82% of respondents (compared to 18%), the test alone is insufficient to provide the necessary information to recommend study paths that align with students' interests and aptitudes. Finally, while 52.5% of participants consider students' choices of study paths to be a consequence of test results, another significant portion (47.5%) views the test as a mere administrative formality that has no actual influence on student choices. keywords : efficacity, school et professional orientation, selection and test
Artificial intelligence is gradually establishing itself as an essential tool in higher education. At the University of Kinshasa, its use by students is expanding significantly, yet the underlying motivations driving this adoption remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to analyze the reasons that lead students to use AI in their academic activities and to examine whether this use benefits from institutional support or regulation. A quantitative survey was conducted among 390 students from various faculties. The results reveal that the majority of students have regular access to the internet and frequently use AI tools, particularly ChatGPT, intelligent translation tools, Grammarly, and GitHub Copilot. The main uses include academic writing, literature research, translation, and exam preparation. The dominant motivations are time saving, improvement of work quality, and the desire to overcome comprehension difficulties. However, the study highlights a lack of institutional guidance : most students have received no training on the responsible use of AI and are unaware of any existing institutional policy on the matter. These findings show that AI is perceived less as a substitute for intellectual effort than as a strategic tool for academic efficiency. They also emphasize the urgent need for structured pedagogical integration in order to promote responsible and critical use. Keywords : Motivation ; Artificial intelligence ; appropriation ; educational uses.
Abstract
Developing reading - writing skills in an integrated way provides students with cognitive tools needed for academic success, critical thinking and effective communication. Despite teachers using integrated approach, students’ English performance in Kenya Certificates of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations dipped from 2021 - 2025. The co-occurrence of reading and writing problem is large however; there is little empirical evidence in Kakamega County, Kenya. This research focused on factors affecting reading and writing skills in learning English in public senior schools in the county. The research was guided by Bruner’s Constructivism Theory (1990) and adopted descriptive survey design. The study population was 153 principals, 251 teachers of English and 10,131 Grade 10 students. Simple random sampling method used to select 108 principals, 152 teachers and 370 students. Research instruments include: questionnaires and interview schedule. The findings of the study revealed students’ motivation and reading habits influence positively writing skills, conducive classroom environment improves students’ reading - writing abilities, and inadequate: instructional media, ICT skills, reading texts and ICT libraries impede actualization of reading - writing skills. The study intimated that reading and writing are interwoven which advocates for integrated learning, reading is essential for enhancement of writing skills and teachers use variety of technologies to enhance reading and writing activities. The study recommended that teachers should endeavor to understand integrated approach for learning language skills. Moreover, Ministry of Education (MoE) in conjunction with Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD) should organize refresher courses on classroom instructional media use.
Formative assessment practices such as oral questioning and written assignments gauge students’ language proficiency. They also improve students’ learning outcomes. However, Kenya Certificates of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations performance in English has continually dipped from 2021 – 2025 in Kakamega County, Kenya. More so, there is little empirical evidence on formative assessment practices used in the classroom. The purpose of the study was to establish effects of formative assessment practices on learning English in public senior schools in Kakamega County. The research focused on: formative assessment practices and strategies employed to improve students’ learning and challenges encountered during formative assessment practices and ways to overcome. The research was guided by Bruner’s Constructivism Theory (1990) and adopted descriptive survey design. The study population was 153 principals, 251 teachers of English and 10,131 Grade 10 students. Simple random sampling method used to select 108 principals, 152 teachers and 370 students. Research instruments include: questionnaires and interview schedule. Findings of the study include: Formative assessment practices contribute to students learning, formative assessment strategies enhance acquisition of problem solving skills, increase learners’ motivation, collaboration, participation, responses to questions and refine students’ reasoning ability. Nonetheless, challenges encountered included time constraints for individual or group to provide meaningful and timely feedback, large class sizes delay constructive feedback, curriculum overload and lack of necessary training on implementation of formative assessment practices. The study recommended that teachers should: prepare formative assessment practices in order to address learners’ challenges as they arise and attend in-service training on feedback improvement in the classrooms.
Technology in education enhances collaboration, peer – learning, self – esteem and critical thinking skills. Despite of overall process of invention and innovation, there has been little empirical evidence on integration of technological resources in learning of English in public senior schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. Specific objective of the study was to: Examine effects of technological resources in learning of English in public senior schools. The study revealed that teachers used technological resources in order for students to investigate, receive feedback, understand, build knowledge and demonstrate retention during learning process. Moreover, teachers had positive attitudes towards adopting technological resources for learning listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills, writing skills and grammar. Nevertheless, they reported limitations in competent use of technological resources and lack of digital resources. Based on the findings, the study recommended that for effective integration of technological resources in learning schools should provide technological resources. Also, they should offer training in digital access, retrieval, storage and use of information for learning practices.
Internet technologies (such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, Wi-Fi, Local Area Network (LAN) and social media) have revolutionized education sector. They allow sharing of resources and prompt interaction of learners. Literature review showed successful use of internet technologies; nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence of internet technologies transforming learning outcomes in Kakamega County, Kenya. Further, English performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations slumped from 2021 - 2025. It was from this background that formed the study. Specific objective of the study was to: examine internet technologies integration and its perceptions in learning of English in public senior schools in the county. The study revealed that students often use internet technologies (such as AI tools, Wi-Fi, LAN and social media) that transform learning by providing vast information access, offer interactive content, foster collaboration and develop critical literacy and writing skills. Besides, Internet technologies enhance student-teacher connectedness, student-centred learning and teacher-learner centred method. Teachers and students also have positive attitudes to adopting internet technologies for searching, reading and writing purposes however, they reported limitations in their proficient use. Lastly, the internet technologies were inadequate in schools due to senior schools’ little budget allocation for: provision of internet technologies, maintenance of soft ware and hard ware and professional development programmes regarding use of internet. Based on the findings, the study recommended that for effective integration of internet technologies in learning, senior schools should provide ICT resources and offer training on effective use of internet technologies for learning purposes.
An application of Information Communication Technology (ICT) allows sharing of e-material and enhances prompt interaction amongst teachers, learners and parents. Literature review showed successful use of ICT. Nevertheless, there has been little empirical evidence of ICT integration in learning of English language in public senior schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. Besides, performance of English in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations had dipped from 2021 – 2025. It was from this background that formed the study. Specific objective of the study was to: determine ICT integration and its pedagogical benefit to the learning of English in public senior schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study found out that teachers and learners used ICT for information search, organization, communication and assessment in learning practices; ICT enhanced learner-centred, teacher-learner centred/mixed methods which improve learning outcomes and schools to increase availability of ICT resources. Still, there was inadequate use of ICT in preparation of professional documents, lack of up-to-date hardware and software which take long time to open files/applications and teachers required continuous ICT in-service training to improves e-pedagogic competence. Based on the findings, the study recommended Board of Management (BOM) should continuously supervise and provide support for effective implementation of ICT in schools. Moreover, BOM should provide adequate up-to-date computer software and hardware to accelerate information search. The study contributed to development of teacher in regard to use of ICT in learning of English language
Time travel has long fascinated human imagination. The idea became widely popular after the publication of The Time Machine in 1895. Later, scientific discussions about time travel were influenced by the theories of Albert Einstein. His work on relativity suggested that time can behave differently depending on speed and gravity. Although building a time machine is still beyond current technology, theoretical physics indicates that certain forms of time travel may be possible. This paper discusses different scientific ideas and theoretical possibilities of time travel.
This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), exports, and economic growth in Nepal from 1988/89 to 2023/24. The analysis shows that Real GDP has steadily grown over time, reflecting improvements in productive capacity, structural reforms, and rising domestic demand, whereas exports have expanded slowly and irregularly, and FDI inflows have remained volatile. Econometric results indicate that all variables are stationary, and Johansen cointegration tests confirm significant long-run relationships among Real GDP, FDI, and exports. Stability tests (CUSUM and CUSUMSQ) show that the model coefficients are stable, while Granger causality analysis reveals that economic growth drives both FDI and export performance in the short term, emphasizing GDP as a key driver of investment and trade. Regression analysis further demonstrates that FDI and exports have a significant positive impact on Real GDP, explaining approximately 94% of the variation in output. These findings highlight the importance of policies aimed at attracting stable foreign investment, enhancing export competitiveness, improving infrastructure, and fostering a favorable investment climate to promote sustained economic growth. The study underscores the interconnected role of investment, trade, and economic growth in Nepal and provides evidence to guide future economic planning and policy-making.
ABSTRAT
This scientific article presents the results of our various practical studies related to water supply and treatment, specifically drinking water, conducted over the past three academic years at ISTM-KIN (DRC). This work was carried out to fulfill one of the regular missions of higher education institutions: action research/research and development. The study focused on home treatment of drinking water without emphasizing the need to identify the associated harmful risks. This work clearly demonstrates that any responsible drinking water treatment is fraught with risks, if not drawbacks, that must be managed to ensure human health, ecosystems, and biodiversity. It explores biological techniques for obtaining safe and low-risk drinking water at a lower cost. The only remaining burden on strictly adhering to the principles adopted for the safe use of a sand filter is the cost of laboratory testing of the water quality to be treated and/or consumed, a responsibility for which governments are regularly held accountable. Various studies conducted in different local laboratories have shown that our Bio-filter has a 96% success rate when all the principles are followed. The margin of error is significant when treating water polluted with heavy metals because their removal required the use of natural resources available in our environment: Moringa oleifera seeds and charcoal from coconut shells.
Key Words : Biological treatment, Boiling Treatment, Bio-filter, Total Coliforms
ABSTRACT According to MALDANGUE (2001), sustainable development is only possible if local authorities have the necessary powers and skills. This scientific article follows this logic and provides, in a clear, concise, scientific, and schematic manner, the legal procedure for obtaining a land concession for public or private use in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which ensures environmental protection and land-use planning.To allow informed readers to fully grasp the fundamental concern of this article, we have considered a concrete case: the land concession requested by ISTM/KIN for public use, located in the Funa Valley in the Mont Ngafula commune of the city-province of Kinshasa.In practice, the article begins with the operational definition of basic concepts before the actual analysis of the procedure. A clear and precise explanatory diagram summarizes the legal procedure for obtaining a land concession in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its foreseeable consequences for the environment and land-use planning. The field results confirm our hypothesis that failure to comply with the legal procedure for obtaining a land concession for public or private use has a significant impact on environmental governance and land-use planning.The study identified, among the environmental disruptions, numerous land disputes, the proliferation of unauthorized construction and slums, poor waste management, various forms of erosion due to inadequate stormwater management, and non-compliance with urban planning standards. A conclusion and several recommendations for public authorities, ISTM/KIN, and other stakeholders conclude our study.
Aim: The purpose of the study is to compare the dose characteristics of the hybrid dynamic arc therapy (DCA) and 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) techniques for the treatment of prostate cancers using various indices to evaluate the quality of the plan and provide insights into the clinical implications of each approach.
Method: 20 prostate cancer cases planned with both DCA and 3D-CRT were analyzed. They were planned on the Varian eclipse system using both hybrid DCAT, a 360-degree rotation and 2 static beams, and 3D-CRT techniques for each case for adequate comparison.
Results and Discussion: There are strong similarities between hybrid and 3D-CRT as clearly observed in above in terms of conformity, dose distributions among OARs, Monitor Units and total PTV coverage. Regardless, Dynamic Conformal Radiotherapy with 360-degree arc only can readily be applied in palliative plans as it may be superior to 3D-CRT in terms of both conformation and speed of planning and delivery
Conclusion: Dynamic Conformal Arc Therapy (DCAT) is recommended to provide a useful substitute in some prostate cancer treatment planning situations which necessitate equal or a higher level of 3-dimensional (3D) conformation than shaped static fields but for which Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) is inapplicable.
Currently in Kenya, biomass such as sawdust from sawmill industries and agro wastes, like banana leaves and pseudo stem, are potential sources of renewable energy. However, in most cases biomass is normally discarded in the fields with no value addition and also little information exists on their use as fuel in blended briquettes. Consequently, this study investigated the use of carbonized sawdust and banana waste as raw materials for briquettes production as an alternative energy source. Specifically, the study aimed at characterizing physical properties of the raw materials, fabricating blended briquettes at varying mix ratios/particle sizes and characterizing physical and combustion properties of the blended briquettes. In the study, pseudo stem and banana leaves from Musa acuminata AAA species and sawdust from Eucalyptus tree species were collected, dried to 8 % moisture content, hammer milled, sieved and carbonized in muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 5 minutes. The briquettes were then characterized in terms of mass density, durability index, ash content, moisture content, volatile matter and calorific value. Raw materials: sawdust, banana waste and molasses had moisture contents of 12.52 %, 14.63 % and 22.23 %; volatile matter of 25.32 %, 31.45 % and 43.25 %; calorific value of 15.92 MJ/kg, 12.35 MJ/kg and 11.24 MJ/kg; ash content of 5.79 %, 6.89 % and 8.00 %, respectively. The density ranged from 392.54 kg/m3 to 681.21 kg/m3. In conclusion, sawdust had better calorific value, lower ash and moisture contents, lower volatile matter and higher mass density than banana waste. From the study, it is recommended that briquettes with high and fine sawdust content (50% above) should be used owing to their good durability, low moisture content, low CO emission and higher calorific value. Future studies should determine effects of interaction between variables such as compaction pressure, blend ratio and particle sizes on combustion properties.
Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming modern agriculture by offering innovative strategies for pest management that are both effective and environmentally sustainable. Traditional chemical pesticides, while widely used, often pose significant ecological and health risks, including soil degradation and toxicity to non-target organisms. To address these challenges, green synthesis approaches have emerged, allowing natural biological systems to produce functional materials without harmful byproducts. Fungal extracts, in particular, have shown great promise as eco-friendly agents for generating nanoparticles with potent biological activity. Here we show the use of silver nanoparticles synthesized via mushroom extracts to control cabbage aphids, a common agricultural pest that significantly reduces crop yield and quality. Our approach demonstrates that biologically derived nanoparticles can target pests effectively while minimizing damage to the plants and surrounding ecosystem. By combining nanotechnology with sustainable biological methods, this research highlights a practical pathway toward reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals in agriculture. The results suggest that fungi-assisted nanoparticle synthesis can serve as a valuable tool in creating safer, more resilient, and environmentally conscious farming practices.
Abstract
In a previous article entitled How to merge quantum mechanics and general relativity we explained how to apply the B-transition matrix statistical chains techniques to solve 6 unanswered questions and generate new laws and rules in wide area of classical and quantum physics, statistics, and pure mathematics.
In this article, which extends the previous one, we use the same theory to expand our previous statistical analysis by answering and analyzing 6 new important and urgent questions:
1-What is the physical control volume (CV) proposed by the author in 2020, which we call Abbas' control volume to distinguish it from the almost inactive standard or classical mathematical control volume, and how is it used to accurately describe the nature of time-dependent events?
2-Why is it impossible to merge Schrödinger's quantum mechanics with Einstein's general relativity, while it is simple to merge Abbas's quantum mechanics with Abbas's general relativity?
3-Did Einstein go through ten years of confusion and loss of knowledge in physics just before presenting his theory of general relativity?
4-Is it true that Special Relativity is just a special case of General relativity?
5. How can we introduce and solve the time-dependent Schrödinger squared partial differential equation, and more generally, those of quantum systems?
6. How can we unify Abbas's quantum mechanics and Abbas's general relativity?
Thanks to the FRAMEWORK of the statistical theory of B-matrix chains, the answer to all the above questions is provided in a rigorous manner and, moreover, new rules and theorems have been generated
This striking fact is the subject of this article.
Finally, it should be clarified that this article does not aim to minimize the major contributions of the great physicists and mathematicians of their time such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert and Riemann, among others, but rather to address the main errors and limitations of their theories, where applicable.
Note: If you are not familiar with the universal laws of physics, please stop reading. This article is not intended for you.
This paper presents a descriptive case study that examines the connections among genetics, neurobiology, and organizational leadership. The research involved 49 participants, located in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The genetic marker SNP rs4950, previously found to be associated with leadership and other personality traits, was investigated, along with socio-economic variables, using the 16 Personalities behavioral inventory. An integrative methodology of a qualitative and quantitative nature was used, consisting of a genetic test, the 16 Personalities behavioral inventory, and statistical analysis. The results show a prevalence of Sentinel-type personality and confirm findings from large-scale studies on leadership regarding the genetic marker rs4950 and higher education and income among leaders. However, there was no statistical association between the rs4950 marker and the personality types. The research is innovative and is expected to open space for discussion on behavioral genetics, neuroplasticity, and endocrinology in relation to leadership, as well as on organizational strategies, ethical guidelines to be considered, and suggestions for further studies.
The objective of this work is to analyze whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes, such as arbitration, mediation, conciliation, and dispute boards, especially in complex construction contracts. The work aims to analyze the connection with law—national and international—as well as with institutional rules and the new ethical standards for engineering experts who intervene in ADR proceedings. It provides a brief overview of AI history, the underlying theories, and their application by engineering experts, focusing on issues related to confidentiality, accountability, transparency, and technological competence. It also examines the standards of the institutions (for example, SVAMC, CIArb, ICC, and VIAC) as well as the current national legislation in Brazil, Europe, and the US. In conclusion, even though the use of AI tools may be a very useful resource for the acceleration of the dispute resolution proceedings and for the improvement of the analysis and investigation made by the engineering experts, the final consideration is that the use of these tools must always be under the control of the humans to preserve fairness, ethics, and the trust in the ADR proceedings. Further research and legislation are recommended.
This study aimed to determine the understanding of Bangsamoro youth in the 21st Century about Bangsamoro history. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach to collect data from 23 participants in Maguindanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, and Cotabato City. Using this design, the researcher was able to determine an in-depth understanding of youth in Bangsamoro History. The study focused on the profile of the Bangsamoro youth; understanding Bangsamoro history in terms of key concepts, historical events, and cultural traditions; learning Bangsamoro history; the challenges and hindrances they encounter in learning Bangsamoro history; their initiatives to overcome those challenges and hindrances; the knowledge sought about Bangsamoro history; and their knowledge and awareness of Bangsamoro history that may contribute to co-existence and understanding among different communities in the BARMM.
This study shows that Bangsamoro youth have varying levels of understanding of the Bangsamoro historical context due to limited knowledge or awareness of Bangsamoro history. They know about historical events such as the arrival of Islam in the Philippines, massacres and injustices that happened in Bangsamoro, armed conflicts, sacrifices of their elders and ancestors in the Bangsamoro peace process, and colonization by the Spanish, Americans, and Japanese. However, only a few of them know the details of these events due to their limited knowledge of history; most of what they know and understand is based on the stories of their parents and community.
They have different sources and methods of learning history, however, the youth also identified challenges and hindrances due to inaccurate information and limited sources but they try to mitigate those challenges and hindrances through proactive initiatives including research, reading reliable sources, community engagement, volunteering, advocacy, seminars and workshops, peer communication, and self-learning. The Bangsamoro youth believe that knowledge and awareness can foster co-existence among diverse communities.
Keywords: Bangsamoro Youth; Bangsamoro History; Bangsamoro Identity and
Aspiration; Historical Incidents or Milestones; Preservation of Cultural and Heritage
Access to healthcare remains crucial in determining the well-being of a
community especially in urban and rural areas. This study aims to assess the spatial
accessibility of hospitals in Tagum City using the Quantum Geographic Information
system (QGIS) application, a type of Geographic Information System (GIS), and the
Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) method. Utilizing four main
datasets which are the administrative boundaries, population distribution, road
networks, and hospital location. The datasets were processed in QGIS and with the
E2SFCA model accessibility scores were calculated for population groups, children
(ages 0-9), adolescents (ages 10-19), adults (ages 20-59), and elderly (ages 60 & above),
these were then visualized through maps. It is found that those with higher E2SFCA
scores have better access to healthcare facilities, barangays located in the southern and
peripheral zones have the lowest scores indicating that their access to hospitals is
limited. Barangays such as Magugpo Poblacion, Canocotan, and Magugpo North
showed high accessibility, meanwhile over half the city showed low accessibility,
specifically the rural barangays like Pandapan, New Balamban, San Agustin, and
Cuambogan. This emphasizes that due to longer travel times, poor connection, and the
lack of infrastructures are major barriers in healthcare accessibility. Though
interestingly, central barangays also ranked low due to their population size, 56.52% of
the city scores low, overall, distance alone does not determine healthcare accessibility.
The findings highlight the unequal distribution of hospitals in Tagum City, emphasizing
the need to target health infrastructure planning for the better development of the city.
Keywords: Geographic Information System (GIS), Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area
(E2SFCA), Healthcare Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility, Population, Road Networks, Maps
This study explores Thai consumers’ purchase intentions on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs), using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) as a theoretical foundation including performance expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, price value, and additional variables like brand trust. As the EV market rapidly expands globally, Thailand has emerged as a promising destination for Chinese EV manufacturers. This research aims to analyze key factors influencing consumer behavior in this market, by conducting an empirical survey and analyzing data using WarpPLS 8.0, the study offers insights into the relative impact of each factor on purchase intention. A survey of 341 respondents revealed that brand enjoyment and credibility significantly influence Thai consumers' purchase intentions for Chinese electric cars. This research not only supports marketing and policy formulation but also enriches the academic discourse on EV adoption in emerging economies.
Bananas are grown extensively around the globe and their
consumption is mainly in tropical areas. These fruits' that peels are, however,
frequently thrown away and considered as waste thus, they lead to
environmental pollution and waste treatment problems. The present research
focuses on producing bioethanol from Cavendish (Musa acuminata) banana
peel as an economic and eco-friendly fuel alternative. The banana peels
underwent drying , grinding to powder (1.15 kg in total) and mixed with
distilled water after which 0.52 g of α-amylase and 30 g of diastatic malt
powder were added per pot. After that, the active dry yeast was added for
fermentation. The hydrolysate was sent to the DNSC laboratory for distillation
and alcohol concentration and density analysis. As for the distilled samples,
they did not yield a high ethanol concentration, with an average of 0.408%
alcohol content and 0.00593 g/mL density indicating slight starch conversion
under current conditions. The results have shown that even though the yield is
low, the use of banana peel waste for bioethanol production is still a promising
source. It is suggested to further enzyme levels and fermentation conditions to
increase the production efficiency of ethanol.
Keywords: banana peels, Cavendish (Musa acuminata), bioethanol
production, agricultural waste, eco-friendly fuel, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation,
α-amylase, diastatic malt powder, active dry yeast, ethanol yield, distillation, density
analysis, sustainable energy, and waste utilization.
Malathion is extensively used by farmers, even in domestic households, and enormous quantities of it seep into groundwater and wastewater effluent. Human and animal life get poisoned by it. It is therefore removed from wastewater. This study aims to synthesize and analyze a composite material of Musa- biochar and Caridea-Hydroxyapatite through Photocatalytic degradation of malathion pesticide from water. This way, providing a sustainable and effective method in the removal of organophosphate pesticide from water. Musa-biochar was synthesized from banana peel waste through calcination, while Caridea-hydroxyapatite came from shrimp shell waste through carbonization. The photocatalytic degradation test under UV light revealed that the Musa-biochar/Caridea-HAp composite recorded a degradation efficiency of -1.17%, meaning minimal photocatalytic activation. The Caridea-HAp catalyst had a degradation efficiency of 22.01%, which implied its ability to degrade Malathion through UV-activated photocatalysis. The photocatalytic performance analysis revealed that Caridea-HAp recorded the highest degradation efficiency of 22.01%, followed by the composite at –1.17% and Musa-biochar at –4.23%. The findings established that Caridea-HAp acted as the dominant active photocatalyst, while biochar was mainly used as an adsorbent material. The findings are in agreement that waste-based photocatalysts are good alternatives for the remediation of pesticides and offer great potential for use in the future in sustainable water treatment and environmental management.
Keywords: Photocatalytic Degradation, UV, Musa biochar, Caridea Hydroxyapatite, Shrimp peels, Banana peels, Malathion, organophosphate pesticide, wastewater treatment
Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un contexte où la sécurité sociale est perçue comme un élément fondamental de la cohésion sociale et de la protection des individus contre les risques liés à la vieillesse, à la maladie ou au chômage. Bien que son importance soit largement reconnue, elle demeure un sujet de débats : certains la considèrent comme une charge excessive pour l’économie, tandis que d’autres insistent sur son rôle incontournable dans la stabilité et le développement. En République Démocratique du Congo, la CNSS occupe une place centrale dans ce dispositif, mais son efficacité réelle dans l’accompagnement des retraités reste une question préoccupante.
L’étude met en évidence que l’efficacité de la CNSS est un enjeu transversal, partagé par l’ensemble des retraités. Elle recommande de renforcer la gouvernance et la transparence, d’assurer le respect des cotisations, de diversifier les sources de financement et d’améliorer la qualité des prestations sociales. La CNSS doit également s’adapter aux défis démographiques et instaurer des évaluations régulières de ses services. Ces réformes sont indispensables pour transformer la sécurité sociale en un instrument réellement efficace et équitable, capable de répondre aux attentes des retraités et de consolider la cohésion sociale en RDC.
The study's primary goal was to acquire a better understanding of the experiences of the victims who succumbed to Intimate partner violence (IPV) whilst they were locked up with their perpetrators during the confinement period, including the factors that exacerbated IPV during the lockdown period in Sakubva as well as to assess the effectiveness of the reporting structures/ways which were used by IPV victims to report their cases during the COVID-19 confinement period. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative approach was used to collect data and this included five participant in-depth interviews and a FGD with six men and three women, Together, 17 people participated in the study. The study borrows from the ecological perspective as the theoretical lens. The findings were presented and analyzed using three themes that emerged from the study. The research revealed fundamental causes of IPV during the lockdown period which are mostly social and economic factors (micro, meso and macro level factors). Most victims suffered more from emotional and physical consequences of the abuse that was inflicted on them by the perpetrators both females and males. Finally, it was concluded that most of the strategies/ways that were used to report IPV cases by victims during the lockdown period were somehow effective as they demanded physical movement and budgetary costs in terms of bus fare as well as airtime. As for recommendations, the Zimbabwean administration have to view IPV as a community health concern with an economic impact and providers of services in Sakubva should strengthen their coordination to prevent service replication and modest disintegration.
Keywords: IPV (Intimate Partner Violence), Victims, Perpetrators, COVID-19 and Lockdown.
The Constitution of February 18, 2006, which established the foundations of the Third
Republic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, provided for four institutions to govern the
country: the President of the Republic, Parliament, the Government, and the Courts and
Tribunals. It also established two political institutions to govern each province: the Provincial
Assembly and the Provincial Government.
Now that these political institutions for governing the country and its provinces are in
place, it is imperative that those in charge understand and master their roles and how best to
perform them. The effectiveness of any institution depends first and foremost on its members'
awareness of their responsibilities and their level of preparation to carry them out with dignity
and efficiency.
Thus, according to Articles 100, 101, and 197 of the Constitution, the Provincial
Assembly has three essential functions: to legislate by means of edicts, to oversee the actions
of the provincial government, and to represent the people. Members of the Assembly must
master these three functions and perform them properly.
Provincial edicts are one of the main normative instruments available to provincial
assemblies in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They reflect the autonomy granted to
provinces by the Constitution and aim to address the specific needs of decentralized territorial
entities. In Tshopo Province, created in 2015 following the division of the former Orientale
Province, provincial edicts are expected to play a central role in administrative organization,
the mobilization of local resources, and the promotion of socio-economic development.
However, there has been a significant decline in the productivity and effectiveness of
provincial edicts, both quantitatively and qualitatively. This situation raises questions about
the underlying causes of this decline, its consequences for provincial governance, and the
prospects for improvement.
This study examines the formal conditions governing access to artisanal timber exploitation and the
explanatory factors behind the proliferation of illegal logging in Haut-Uélé, in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, over the period 2018–2024. Against the backdrop of a marked increase in
unregulated activities, the research investigates how compliance with legal requirements, official
accreditation, prior agreement with local communities, and annual harvesting authorization affects
the regularity and traceability of artisanal operations. Grounded in a sociology of law approach, the
study combines documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and descriptive
statistical processing of data collected from a purposive sample of key stakeholders. Findings reveal
a substantial gap between the formal forest regulatory framework and actual practices,
characterized by a high proportion of operators lacking valid permits, quota overruns, logging in
unauthorized areas, and the circulation of timber without legally required transport documentation.
Institutional weaknesses including limited enforcement capacity, geographic isolation of forest sites,
corruption, and the absence of effective judicial prosecution emerge as critical determinants. The
study confirms that weak enforcement of formal access requirements undermines forest governance,
legal traceability, and the sustainable management of forest resources.
Introduction: Economic performance of hospitals is a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries. In Mali, the University Hospital of Point G (CHU-PG) has been experiencing persistent underperformance, largely due to a deteriorated social climate marked by recurrent union conflicts. This study aimed to analyze the impact of social dialogue on the hospital’s economic performance.
Methodology : A mixed-methods case study was conducted between 2019 and 2022 at CHU-PG. The quantitative phase included 70 hospital staff surveyed through structured questionnaires, while the qualitative phase involved 23 key stakeholders interviewed via semi-structured interviews. Hospital financial records and reports from the National Agency for Hospital Evaluation (ANEH) were analyzed. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results : Most staff (61.4%) perceived the social climate as poor, mainly due to mistrust between management and unions (74.3%) and internal conflicts (68.6%). Between 2019 and 2022, the hospital recorded an average of 8 strike weeks per year, leading to estimated losses of 56 million CFA francs annually. The self-financing rate remained low (9.62% in 2021). A significant correlation was found between deteriorated social climate and reduced economic performance.
Conclusion : The absence of a structured social dialogue contributes to the economic fragility of CHU-PG. Strengthening institutionalized mechanisms of negotiation and consultation is essential to improve both economic and organizational performance in Malian hospitals.
Keywords: Social dialogue; Economic performance; Hospital strikes; Governance; Mali.
Land administration plays a major role in economic growth, urban development, and public trust. In Nigeria, manual and paper-based land records have historically led to delays, disputes, and inefficiencies. Despite the introduction of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in several states, there is limited empirical evidence showing its measurable impact on land registration performance in Anambra State. This study was justified by the need to move beyond assumptions and provide data-driven evaluation of GIS outcomes in public land administration. The objectives of the study were to examine trends in land document registrations before and after GIS implementation, assess growth and productivity changes, and determine whether GIS significantly influenced land administration performance at the Awka substation. Secondary data were obtained from official records of the Anambra State Ministry of Lands, covering 2020–2024. Data were analyzed using trend analysis, growth rates, efficiency ratios, Spearman correlation, and Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) with R Console version 4.4.3. Results show that total land registrations increased from 1,424 in 2023 to 3,442 in 2024, representing a 141.7% year-over-year growth. Certificates of Occupancy rose from 488 in 2020 to 1,850 in 2024, while Deeds of Assignment increased by 6.75 times within the period. Spearman correlation for C of O was perfect and significant (ρ = 1.00, p < 0.0001). These findings indicate substantial efficiency gains after GIS implementation. The study concludes that GIS significantly improved land administration throughput and service delivery. It recommends sustained funding, staff training, workflow simplification, and public reporting of performance indicators to strengthen transparency and public confidence.
Medicinal plants play a major role as sources of bioactive molecules in both traditional and modern medicine, yet the potential toxicity must be evaluated.
The toxicity of four Philippine ethnomedicinal plants, namely Annona muricata (soursop) leaves, Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizomes, Piper betle (betel leaf), and Paspalum conjugatum (carabao grass), was investigated on ethanol extracts.
The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test was used to determine lethality against Artemia salina nauplii (Brine Shrimp) at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ppm for the individual as well as synergistic treatments.
Mortalities were observed at 24 hours of exposure, and probit regression was used for the calculation of LC₅₀ values.
There were significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) in toxicity within the treatments, as per statistical tests (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD).
Mixtures of plant extracts were more toxic than their individual counterparts, suggesting a synergic effect between phytochemicals.
The results showed a concentration-dependent relationship, with greater concentrations associated with higher mortalities. Findings observed that these plants, apart from the medicinal properties, the toxicity depends on dose and combinations.
BSLT proved to be a simple, cost-effective, and reliable method for preliminary toxicity screening of ethnomedicinal plants.
Introduction : la rage est une maladie infectieuse virale constituant un problème de santé publique dans le monde. De 2021-2022, le Mali a enregistré 14cas de rage humaines dont 02 pour la région de Kayes avec une létalité de 100,00%. Depuis plus de dix ans, la base de données de surveillance de la rage n’avait pas fait l’objet d’analyse au niveau régional d’où le présent travail intitulé analyse des données de surveillance de la rage humaine dans la région de Kayes afin de mieux adapter les stratégies de lutte pour la prévention et l’élimination de la maladie d’ici 2030. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive sur les données de surveillance de la rage humaine dans la région de Kayes du 2018-2023. L’analyse a été faite sur Excel® 2016 et Epi-Info 7.2.5.0. Nous avons calculé des fréquences, la moyenne et les ratios. Résultats : L’incidence de la morsure de chien était de 32,66 pour 100 000 habitants par an. Les moins de 15ans ont représenté 66,38% et 73,98% étaient de sexe masculin. Sur les 06cas de rage humaine dans la région de Kayes, le district sanitaire de Kita a lui seul enregistré 03cas durant la période dont la létalité était 100,00%. L’analyse de tendance indique que c’est au premier semestre qu’il avait le plus de cas de morsure et de rage. Conclusion : Notre étude rapporte que les masculins de moins de 15ans et le district sanitaire de Kita avait le nombre de cas le plus élevé. Nous recommandons une sensibilisation accrue de la population pour la vaccination des chiens et la promotion de la prophylaxie post-exposition.
Mots clés : Analyse, Surveillance, Rage, Kayes, 2023.
Introduction : L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la prise en charge de la malnutrition aiguë sévère (MAS) chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois dans le district sanitaire de Kalaban-Coro du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2020. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale rétrospective portant sur 317 enfants atteints de malnutrition aiguë sévère pris en charge durant la période d’étude. La population d’étude était constituée d’enfants malnutris âgés de 6 à 59 mois, sans distinction de sexe, suivis dans le district sanitaire au cours de l’année 2020 et disposant d’une fiche de suivi correctement remplie. Résultats : Dans l’échantillon étudié, le taux de guérison était de 85,8 %, un résultat jugé satisfaisant par rapport au seuil recommandé par le protocole national révisé de prise en charge de la malnutrition aiguë (PCIMA), qui fixe un taux de guérison supérieur à 75 %. Le taux de mortalité était de 8,8 %, inférieur au seuil recommandé de 10 %. Le taux d’abandon enregistré à l’URENI était de 4,4 %, également inférieur au seuil recommandé de 15 %. Ce résultat peut s’expliquer par la gratuité de la prise en charge assurée par les partenaires, couvrant les frais de traitement et d’alimentation des enfants et de leurs accompagnants. La durée moyenne de séjour à l’URENI était de 9 jours, inférieure à la durée recommandée de 3 à 4 semaines. Conclusion : Globalement, la qualité de la prise en charge de la MAS dans le CSRéf de Kalaban-Coro apparaît satisfaisante au regard des normes et recommandations de la PCIMA. Toutefois, il est nécessaire de renforcer les activités d’information, d’éducation et de communication sur la malnutrition, d’améliorer la prise en charge nutritionnelle dans les structures de santé, de renforcer les capacités du personnel de santé et d’intégrer systématiquement l’évaluation de l’état nutritionnel dans l’examen clinique de l’enfant.
Mots clés : Malnutrition aiguë sévère ; prise en charge ; enfants ; Kalaban-Coro ; Mali.
Introduction : La santé mentale et la maladie mentale ne constituent pas les extrêmes d’un continuum, mais représentent des concepts distincts bien que corrélés. La santé mentale influence directement le fonctionnement personnel et social des individus, ce qui justifie la mise en œuvre d’actions de promotion et de prévention. Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive transversale réalisée au Centre de santé de référence (CSRéf) du district sanitaire de Kadiolo. Les données ont été recueillies à partir de la base des données de l'Antenne Santé Mentale. La définition de la santé mentale utilisée est celle de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS, 2004), qui la décrit comme un état de bien-être permettant à l’individu de se réaliser, de faire face aux tensions normales de la vie, de travailler de manière productive et de contribuer à la vie de sa communauté. Résultats : Au total, 121 patients ont été enregistrés. Les femmes représentaient 51% des patients contre 49% d’hommes. Les tranches d’âge les plus représentées étaient celles de 20–29 ans (31%) et de 30–39 ans (28%). La majorité des patients provenaient de Kadiolo central (50%), suivis de la Côte d’Ivoire (8%) et de Zégoua (5%). Les diagnostics les plus fréquents étaient la bouffée délirante aiguë (25%), la schizophrénie (25%) et la dépression (14%). Conclusion : Les troubles mentaux constituent un problème de santé publique dans le district sanitaire de Kadiolo. Les jeunes adultes, particulièrement les femmes, sont les plus touchés. Le renforcement des ressources et des interventions en santé mentale apparaît nécessaire pour améliorer la qualité de vie des populations.
Mots-clés : Troubles mentaux ; santé mentale ; Kadiolo ; Mali.
Access to healthcare remains crucial in determining the well-being of a community especially in urban and rural areas. This study aims to assess the spatial accessibility of hospitals in Tagum City using the Quantum Geographic Information system (QGIS) application, a type of Geographic Information System (GIS), and the Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) method. Utilizing four main datasets which are the administrative boundaries, population distribution, road networks, and hospital location. The datasets were processed in QGIS and with the E2SFCA model accessibility scores were calculated for population groups, children (ages 0-9), adolescents (ages 10-19), adults (ages 20-59), and elderly (ages 60 & above), these were then visualized through maps. It is found that those with higher E2SFCA scores have better access to healthcare facilities, barangays located in the southern and peripheral zones have the lowest scores indicating that their access to hospitals is limited. Barangays such as Magugpo Poblacion, Canocotan, and Magugpo North showed high accessibility, meanwhile over half the city showed low accessibility, specifically the rural barangays like Pandapan, New Balamban, San Agustin, and Cuambogan. This emphasizes that due to longer travel times, poor connection, and the lack of infrastructures are major barriers in healthcare accessibility. Though interestingly, central barangays also ranked low due to their population size, 56.52% of the city scores low, overall, distance alone does not determine healthcare accessibility. The findings highlight the unequal distribution of hospitals in Tagum City, emphasizing the need to target health infrastructure planning for the better development of the city.
Keywords: Geographic Information System (GIS), Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA), Healthcare Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility, Population, Road Networks, Maps
The study was carried out on Control of Leaf Roller (Sylepta derogata) in Cotton using Moringa Seed oil in Hong, Adamawa State of Nigeria in 2025 Cropping Season. The objectives were to assess the effect of Moringa seed oil on number of leaves damaged, boll damaged and percentage reduction on different cotton varieties and cultivar on sprayed and unsprayed cotton plants. The research was carried out on split plot design with fifteen (15) treatments replicated three (3) times. The main plots were the different treatments while the sub plots were the five (5) varieties and cultivar of cotton (SAMCOT 8, 9, 10, 11 and EX Ngurore). Data were collected on growth, damaged leaves and bolls, yield and percentage reduction in yield and were taken and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software and means were separated using Students Newman- Keuls (NSK) test for variables of 0.05. level of significance. The number of leaves damaged was high on untreated plants at 12 WAS (20.17) and low on treated plots with Sherpa plus and Moringa Seed oil (2.45 and 10.51) respectively. Cotton bolls infested were high on untreated plots (2.13) and less on Moringa seed oil (0.78) and Sherpa plus (0.67) treated plots per plants. The yields obtained in each variety and cultivar showed that, SAMCOT 9 had the highest yield (1445.3kg/ha) followed by SAMCOT 8 (1160.1kg/ha), SAMCOT 10 (910.9kg/ha), EX Ngurore (864 6kg/ha) and least SAMCOT 11 (125.0kg/ha). The percentage reduction in yields showed that SAMCOT 11 had the lower percentage reduction in yield compared with other varieties and cultivar and the highest was SAMCOT 10 on untreated plants. The percentage reduction in Moringa seed oil treated plants, showed that SAMCOT 11 (5.26%) displayed low reduction and the highest yield reduction was SAMCOT 9 (26.26%). The results showed that Moringa seed oil treated plots has less percentage reduction in yield than untreated plots. Therefore, it is recommended that use of insecticides can be replaced with Moringa seed oil as insect pests control since it compete favorably in suppressing the leaf roller on cotton varieties and cultivar and also environmentally friendly.
The analyzed the impact of Social Media and Academic Performance of Students in Nigerian Colleges of Education, A Case Study Adamawa State College of Education, Hong. It specifically, identified the social media used by the students of undergraduate in Adamawa State College of Education Hong, determined the reasons for using social media by the students, analyzed the effect of social media on the academic performance of the students and identified the constraints associated with the used of social media by the students. The study adopted the used of survey research and simple random sampling technique was used to sampled 300respondents. The result revealed that most (89%) of the respondents used Facebook and 74% of them used WhatsApp. The results on the reasons for the usage of social media the highest mean score of 4.74 for social interaction indicates a very strong agreement among students, the second-highest mean score of 4.34 for the use of social media for academic activities demonstrates a strong. A 4.46 mean score of for the influence of peer groups suggests that a significant number of students and the mean score of 4.44 for using social media for the announcement of school issues reflects the high utility of platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp in conveying important information related to the institution. The results of a Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test show a substantial difference between the two groups, with the rank sum of non-users being 5986.50 and the rank sum of users being 39163.50, yielding a chi-square value of 35.08, which is significant at the 1% level. A smaller rank sum indicates higher ranks across the performance scale, which in this context, implies better academic outcomes for social media users. On the constraints associated with the used of social media shown the mean score for each statement reflects the overall severity of each constraint faced by the students. The statement "difficulty in managing time between studies and social media use" has a mean score of 3.13, indicating that the constraint is generally perceived as significant by the students, the negative impact on academic performance due to excessive use of social media, with a mean score of 2.98, the highest-ranked constraint, with a mean score of 3.18, is distractions from irrelevant content and notifications and the limited access to educational content on social media received a mean score of 2.97. the study recommends that students should be taught to avoid the use of social media on negative tasks like watching pornographic only for academic activities, educators and institutions need to help students develop strategies for managing social media use, including setting boundaries, minimizing distractions, and utilizing platforms for academic purposes more effectively and educators and policymakers should consider integrating social media into academic activities to further support student success.
Keywords: Social Media, Academic Performance, Students Colleges, Education and Hong
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between sustainable leadership development and digital transformation and how they enhance business performance in the service industry, the case of the Sudanese financial service and telecommunications sector . The study aims to highlight how sustainable leadership development and digital transformation awareness and practices enhance organizational performance considering theoretical framework on sustainable leadership and digital transformation strategy.
Methodology approach. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire administered to employees working in financial service and telecommunications sector in Sudan. 313 valid responses were analyzed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships, and mediation was examined using bootstrapping techniques.
Findings The findings showed that there is a higher level of awareness among employees but this does not guarantee implementation of sustainable leadership development and digital transformation. The results demonstrate that sustainable leadership development and digital transformation significantly and positively influence service sector performance in Sudan.
Originality. This study contribution to the existing literature is by empirically validating the connection and integrating sustainable leadership and digital transformation. It provides the first study to combine both constructs to explain how implementation of these constructs affects organizational performance, and extends the theoretical literature to emerging markets.
Practical implications. Business organizations has to incorporate sustainable leadership development programs in their plans and more to a more strategic digital transformation, policies should be developed to motivate business organizations to leverage digital transformation and sustainable leadership at the national level.
Key words: Sustainable leadership; Leadership development; Digital transformation ,Emerging economies; Financial sector; Telecommunications sector
Estimating oil and gas reserves for producing oil fields is a process that carries uncertainties. In order to achieve accuracy in such estimates as well as reservoir characterization, petrophysical analysis is usually implemented. Petrophysical analysis of “X-OIL field” involved the analysis of well logs collected from four wells in “X-OIL field” located in the Niger Delta. Hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs were delineated in each well as well as petrophysical parameters such as porosity, permeability, water saturation, reservoir thickness, shale volume etc. The parameters obtained were further analyzed and interpreted qualitatively to estimate the hydrocarbon potentials of each well. As a result of this study, three zones of interest (sand bodies) were delineated, correlated across the field and all three were further identified as potential hydrocarbon reservoirs R1, R2 and R3. Petrophysical properties for the reservoir layers show a porosity range of 21.6% - 36.5%, hydrocarbon saturation 5% - 63%, permeability of 200.3md – 10723.7md. All reservoirs were estimated to contain hydrocarbon with reservoir sand R1 being the most prolific. Reservoir sands R2 and R3 also contained significant amounts of hydrocarbon but were mostly wet in two of the wells. This project work contributed to evaluation of hydrocarbon potential of the oil field and estimating reservoir properties.
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