Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
his study entitled Prevention of the Advancement of Radicalization: Strategies, Issues and Challenges of the 6th Infantry Division, intended to describe the strategies employed by the 6th Infantry Division in preventing the advancement of radicalization in Maguindanao del Sur. This used a qualitative design with Document Analysis, Key Informant Interview and In-depth Interview as data gathering techniques. The data were gathered from barangays heavily affected by radicalization. The study found out that the phenomenon of radicalization did not emerge in Maguindanao del Sur as a result of the people’s natural susceptibility to new, imported extremist ideology. The susceptibility was due to long experience of armed conflict that exposed the people to armed confrontations and possession and use of firearms. Indeed, radicalization became bothersome because the radicals did not remain in a radicalized stage. The ultimate goal was turning them into violent extremists. The 6th Infantry Division did not use a pure military approach considering that vengeance could be costly as it could yield more casualties and could make the violent extremists more and more aggressive. The division used a comprehensive approach that combined security, intelligence, and community-based strategies. It supported deradicalization and reintegration program for former extremists, providing counselling and livelihood opportunities to prevent their return to violence. Also, information and psychological operations are carried out to counter extremists’ propaganda and instead, promote narratives of peace and stability. More importantly, the 6th ID used an approach that aligns with the framework of the United Nations Security Council and of the United Nations Development Program. A major instrument that provides guidance is the Manila Declaration signed by leaders of the ASEAN nations and which affirmed that “primitive’ measures during these times when criminals, rebels, terrorists, and extremists are equipped with highly updated infrastructures intended to outdo both state and enemy non-state actors.
Keywords: Advancement of Radicalization, Strategies, Issues, and
Challenges, 6th Infantry Division, Maguindanao del Sur
ABSTRACT
Assessment of Security Protocol Implementation of the Philippine National Police Aviation Security Group and Its Impact on Crime Prevention in Cotabato City Airport Terminals.” Thesis. Antonio
R. Pacheco College, Inc., Pastor Quimpo St., RH12, Cotabato City. 81pp.
This study examined the implementation of security protocols by the Philippine National Police Aviation Security Group and their impact on crime prevention at Cotabato City Airport terminals. Using a quantitative descriptive- correlational research design, data were collected from 25 aviation security
personnel through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation.
Findings revealed a very high level of implementation of security protocols (mean = 4.21), while respondents also strongly agreed that operational challenges such as lack of training, insufficient equipment, and manpower constraints persist (mean = 4.46). The effectiveness of security protocols in crime prevention was rated very high (mean = 4.40). Moreover, the relationship between implementation and crime prevention yielded an overall mean of 4.23 (Strongly Agree), with coordination among agencies rated highest (mean = 4.28).
A strong positive and significant relationship (r = 0.81, p < 0.05) was found between protocol implementation and crime prevention, suggesting that improved implementation enhances airport security outcomes. The study concludes that while existing protocols are effective, continuous improvements in training, technology, and coordination are necessary to sustain and strengthen
aviation security operations.
Keywords: Aviation Security, Crime Prevention, Security Protocols, Cotabato City Airport, PNP Aviation Security Group.
Software version control is an essential activity in software engineering, enabling the management, tracking, and maintenance of software products throughout their lifecycle. Traditional version control systems such as Concurrent Versions System (CVS), Apache Subversion (SVN), and Git provide mechanisms for storing, controlling, and recovering software versions; however, they do not perform intelligent classification of software releases. This study proposes the development of an expert system for software version classification using artificial intelligence techniques. The methodology involved knowledge acquisition through questionnaires applied to experts, the construction of IF...THEN production rules, the use of decision tables, and implementation using the Exsys Corvid platform. The expert system classifies software versions into categories such as Alpha, Beta, Stable, Outdated, and Critical based on predefined criteria. To evaluate the proposed approach, a comparative analysis was conducted between the expert system and traditional evaluation methods using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. The results demonstrated a fair level of agreement (K = 0.333) between evaluators, indicating that the expert system is capable of supporting decision-making processes related to software version management. The study concludes that integrating expert system techniques into software version control environments can improve consistency, automation, and decision support in software release management.
Industrial compressors are essential equipment in sectors such as oil and gas, refrigeration, mining, energy, and manufacturing, where operational continuity and equipment reliability are critical. Due to severe operating conditions involving high pressure and temperature, compressors are susceptible to mechanical failures, wear, and performance degradation. Consequently, efficient maintenance strategies are required to minimize downtime and reduce operational costs. This study presents the implementation of a Rule-Based Expert System to support compressor maintenance by assisting technicians and mechanics in fault diagnosis and corrective decision-making. Knowledge acquisition was performed through questionnaires administered to compressor maintenance specialists, enabling the collection of information related to symptoms, causes, and maintenance procedures. The acquired knowledge was represented through production rules and structured using decision tables to facilitate logical organization and validation. The expert system was developed using Exsys Corvid, a knowledge-based system development environment. System validation was conducted using Cohen's Kappa coefficient to measure the level of agreement between the system's recommendations and expert evaluations. The obtained results indicate a moderate level of agreement (κ = 0.50), demonstrating that the proposed system provides consistent diagnostic recommendations and can effectively support maintenance decision-making processes. The study confirms the applicability of rule-based expert systems as a practical and interpretable solution for supporting preventive and corrective maintenance activities in industrial compressors.
This research presents the development of a web-based expert system for diagnosing engine faults in Peugeot 406 vehicles. This system addresses the problem of limited access to diagnostic tools specific to this model, particularly in remote or underserved areas where authorized service centers are scarce, complicating the early identification of mechanical problems. The system uses a forward chaining inference method to iterate through rules within a structured knowledge base of 25 engine symptoms and 13 fault types, developed from interviews with experts and a review of relevant documentation. Using IF THEN generation rules, users input observable symptoms via an intuitive and user-friendly interface to obtain preliminary diagnoses. System testing included simulated case studies covering all defined fault types, as well as real-world trials with Peugeot 406 owners in workshops. The results demonstrated an agreement rate of over 85% with professional mechanics' assessments. These results highlight the system's potential to improve diagnostic efficiency, reduce repair costs, and extend vehicle lifespan by enabling rapid, data-driven interventions. Implementing this rule-based expert system thus offers an effective solution for empowering vehicle owners in areas with limited service access, and future enhancements such as the integration of real-time sensor data and other tools, multilingual support, and adaptive updates to machine learning rules should further increase accuracy, flexibility, and user reach
This study evaluates the feasibility of light-based food preservation by examining the effects of different LED wavelengths on the shelf life and physical quality of produce samples. Due to their wavelength selectivity and efficiency, LEDs may influence photochemical and photobiological processes in foods. Tomato, cucumber, lettuce, fresh walnut, persimmon, and cauliflower samples were stored under red (≈630 nm), blue (≈450 nm), and green (≈520 nm) LED lights, as well as in darkness (control group), at room temperature for 14 days without refrigeration.
The experiment was conducted in two sets to assess different degradation mechanisms. In the first set, vegetables were cut to increase surface area and accelerate microbial growth, allowing clearer observation of mold formation and spoilage. In the second set, samples were stored intact to better represent real consumption conditions, and physical quality parameters such as water loss and tissue integrity were evaluated. Surface microorganism samples collected at the beginning of the experiment were recorded as reference data to determine the initial microbial load.
Daily visual observations revealed differences in both the onset and severity of spoilage symptoms under different LED wavelengths. Mold formation appeared within 5–7 days under some conditions, whereas under others the physical integrity of samples was maintained for up to 10–14 days. The findings indicate that LED wavelength can influence food degradation processes and demonstrate that photonic-based preservation methods can be investigated scientifically at the high school level using a low-cost experimental setup. These approaches may provide alternatives for extending fresh produce shelf life.
The research conducted where enhancing vehicle brake performance and efficiency with palm kernel oil, with key findings outlined of the average viscosity value of 25.37, exceeds the SAE standard value of 24.43, suggesting a potential higher resistance to flow in the brake fluid of the Toyota 4Runner, Nissan and Kia etc, respectively compared to the recommended standard. However, in average, the observation of Toyota 4Runner boiling point of 206 surpasses the SAE standard value of 180, indicating an elevated resistance to boiling and vaporization under high-temperature conditions, thereby potentially enhancing the brake fluid's performance. The average pH value of 8.63 exceeds the standard value of 7, hinting at a slightly more alkaline nature of the brake fluid, which may have implications for its chemical properties and interactions within the braking system. The findings further revealed that the Nissan palm kernel brake type demonstrates superior braking performance with a shorter stopping distance and higher brake pressure. Finally, the findings revealed nuanced differences in brake fluid performance and properties across different vehicle models and fluid types. The research also highlighted that the choice of brake fluid should be based on the specific needs and characteristics of the vehicle in question. For instance, the palm kernel oil type appears to be particularly suitable for Nissan vehicles, while mineral-based fluid seems to be preferred for Kia vehicles. The research concluded a significant disparity in crucial parameters such as viscosity, boiling point, pH levels, and flash points among diverse brake fluid types. A conclusion from the study emphasizes the superior braking performance of the Nissan palm kernel brake type. Investigate the Impact of Brake Fluid Viscosity on Vehicle Performance: Given that the average viscosity value of the brake fluid exceeded the SAE standard value, it would be interesting to conduct a study examining the impact of this higher viscosity on the vehicle's overall performance.
Land degradation remains a major environmental challenge in Rwanda, particularly in river catchment areas where soil erosion, deforestation, and declining soil fertility threaten ecosystem sustainability. This study assessed the effect of land restoration strategies on sustainable environmental conservation around the Koko River in Rutsiro District of Rwanda. The study was conducted in Murunda, Gihango, and Musasa sectors between 2024 and 2025 using a mixed-methods research design. Quantitative data were collected from 338 members of Friends of Nature Associations through structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained from 9 key informants, including Cell Community Extension Officers, sector agronomists, and environmental officers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis with SPSS version 28. The findings indicated that tree planting (91.2%), soil erosion control (66.2%), and agroforestry (60.3%) were the most common restoration strategies. Environmental conservation efforts mainly focused on soil erosion control (76.5%), environmental education (70.6%), and tree nursery establishment (67.6%). Support from ARCOS significantly contributed through the provision of tree seedlings (89.6%), training (85.2%), and technical guidance (72.2%). The results revealed a strong positive relationship between land restoration strategies and environmental conservation outcomes (r = 0.716, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that land restoration strategies explained 51.3% of the variation in environmental conservation outcomes (R² = 0.513, β = 0.703, p < 0.001). The study recommends strengthening technical capacity, increasing support to FNAs, and promoting biodiversity and wetland restoration to enhance long-term ecosystem sustainability.
Keywords: Land restoration strategies; FNAs; Environmental conservation; ARCOS; Rutsiro District; Rwanda
Groundwater has become an essential alternative to surface water due to increasing contamination and the high cost of treatment. This study aims to enhance groundwater exploration through the integration of two geophysical techniques -Electrical Resistivity and Advanced Magneto-Telluric (ADMT). The investigation was conducted across four locations: the CABE area, Independence Hall (NS and EW direction), CCB Auditorium, and KNUST Poolside. Electrical Resistivity, using the Schlumberger configuration, and ADMT, utilizing natural electromagnetic field variations, were employed to generate two-dimensional subsurface resistivity maps. Both techniques were effective in identifying low resistivity zones -indicative of water-saturated formations or clay-rich materials. The results from both methods generally correlated well and were validated using existing borehole, notably at the Architecture Building, where a working borehole intersected a low-resistivity zone on the 2D map. Despite certain limitations such as electromagnetic interference and geological complexity, the integration of the two methods significantly enhanced data reliability and interpretation accuracy. Ultimately, the study recommends specific stations and depth ranges for borehole drilling across the four locations, demonstrating the effectiveness of combined geophysical techniques in groundwater exploration and management.
Digital transformation has significantly contributed to the improvement of administrative and academic processes in educational institutions. In this context, the implementation of an application for managing students' personal and academic information in boarding schools emerges as an efficient solution for organizing, storing, and accessing data quickly and securely. The system allows for the registration of personal information, monitoring of academic performance, disciplinary follow-up, and communication between the administration, parents/guardians, and students. This work presents the development and implementation of the application, highlighting its benefits in school management and the optimization of administrative processes.
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which instructional leadership predicts private secondary school effectiveness in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses guided the study. Relevant empirical literature was reviewed to provide a foundation for the investigation. A correlational research design was adopted. The population comprised 5,009 teachers in 411 private secondary schools across the state. A sample of 371 teachers, representing 7.4% of the population, was selected using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were collected using two researcher-developed instruments titled *Instructional Leadership Questionnaire (ILQ)* and *School Effectiveness Questionnaire (SEQ)*. The ILQ measured principals’ digital instructional content leadership and AI-driven communication leadership, while the SEQ assessed school effectiveness across relevant dimensions. The instruments contained 20 and 30 items respectively and were structured on a four-point Likert scale. Face and content validity were established by three experts in Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach Alpha, yielding coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.90, indicating high reliability. Data collected were analyzed using Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Linear Regression analyses, while all hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that digital instructional content leadership significantly predicts private secondary school effectiveness. The results further showed that AI-driven communication leadership significantly predicts private secondary school effectiveness. In addition, digital instructional content leadership and AI-driven communication leadership jointly and significantly predict private secondary school effectiveness. Based on these findings, the study concluded that instructional leadership significantly enhances school effectiveness. It was recommended that principals provide continuous training for teachers on the effective use of digital technologies and emerging AI-supported pedagogical practices to improve instructional delivery and overall school effectiveness.
Abstract
The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), a dominant force in global media, has increasingly positioned minority characters in leading roles. While often praised for its progressive inclusivity, this paper argues that such representation is also a strategic tool for enhancing regional box office performance. Through a mixed-methods approach, including content analysis and original survey data from 20 international viewers, this study examines the correlation between cultural representation and local audience appeal. Grounded in Stuart Hall's Representation Theory, Joseph Nye's Soft Power Theory, and Straubhaar's Cultural Proximity Theory, the findings suggest that Marvel leverages identity politics not only for diversity but also as a commercially driven mechanism. The implications highlight the intersection of media globalization, cultural identity, and corporate profit strategies.
Agriculture in Rwanda’s Gatsibo District faces persistent constraints, including land scarcity, declining soil fertility, and chronic fodder shortages. This study evaluated the effectiveness of hydroponic maize fodder production at UKC Ltd as a case study for sustainable agriculture. The objectives were to examine system operations, assess sustainability indicators, and determine the relationship between hydroponic adoption and agricultural sustainability. Using a quantitative experimental design with three repeated trials, the study compared hydroponic and traditional soil-based systems across five indicators: moisture content, water conservation, land-use efficiency, production time, and fodder yield. Laboratory analysis of irrigation water quality was also conducted. Results show that hydroponic farming reduced land use by 75% (0.3219 m² vs. 1.2876 m²), shortened production time by approximately 28% (9 days 8 hours vs. 13 days), and increased yield by 486% (41.4 kg vs. 7.06 kg from the same 10 kg seed input). Water recycling conserved a mean of 61.8% of irrigation water. All irrigation water quality parameters fell within WHO-recommended standards, confirming suitability for hydroponic production. The findings demonstrate that hydroponic farming significantly enhances agricultural sustainability through efficient resource use, increased productivity, and reliable year-round fodder supply, presenting a viable and scalable solution for climate-resilient agriculture in Rwanda.
Redian Mascardo, Desiree Joy Juan, Francesca May Dela Cruz, Alisandra Calya-en, William James Pulmano, Nickhie Cadorna, Dom Gregory Labfayong, Arwen Charlize Madarang, Aileen Amora
The accumulation of petroleum-based plastics and the underutilization of agricultural and aquaculture waste presented significant environmental challenges, driving the search for sustainable biodegradable packaging. These starch-based films produced solely from starch were limited by high moisture sensitivity. Nine formulations, along with two control groups of pure starch films, were prepared through solution casting and conditioned for forty-eight (48) hours. The films were evaluated for their moisture-barrier performance and assessed through gravimetric water solubility and absorption tests. To evaluate the data, inferential statistical analyses, including Welch’s One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA, were conducted to determine the main and interactive effects of the additives. This was followed by the Games-Howell post hoc test to accurately identify specific concentration variances without assuming equal population variances. This study aimed to identify an optimized chitosan–glycerol combination that enhanced durability while reducing moisture sensitivity, thereby supporting the development of eco-friendly packaging derived from local waste resources.
Abstract
This study takes a closer look at how corruption impacts Nigeria’s economy. The motivation comes from the widespread belief that corruption does not just hurt the economy. It undermines nearly every aspect of society. While corruption has existed across civilizations for centuries, serious academic attention to its effects only began in the last twenty years. It takes many forms and produces a wide range of consequences, both economic and social. The roots of corruption often lie in the political and economic climate, weak professional ethics, declining moral standards and even cultural traditions and demographic factors. Its economic effects are well documented, though far from fully understood. Corruption slows growth, disrupts business operations, discourages investment and weakens employment opportunities. It also drains tax revenue, misdirects public spending and reduces the effectiveness of financial aid programs. Beyond the economy, corruption erodes trust in institutions, weakens respect for the rule of law, and diminished the quality of education, healthcare and infrastructure; ultimately lowering people’s standard of living. Tackling corruption is complex, with no universal solution. What works in one country may fail in another. This research seeks to shed light on the causes of corruption, its far-reaching consequences and possible strategies for addressing it in Nigeria’s unique context.
Keyword: Foreign Investments, Transparency, Corruption, Remuneration, political will, whistle blowing.
Abstract
Substance abuse has emerged as a major public health and socioeconomic challenge across many African societies, particularly among adolescents and young adults. The increasing misuse of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opioids, tramadol, cocaine, and other psychoactive substances has generated severe consequences for health systems, educational attainment, family stability, and national development. This study examines substance abuse prevention strategies in African communities with particular emphasis on education and public awareness initiatives. The study adopts a qualitative research design based on secondary sources, including scholarly journals, textbooks, institutional reports, and policy documents. Evidence from existing literature indicates that school-based education programs, family-centered interventions, media campaigns, community sensitization, and government regulatory policies constitute effective mechanisms for reducing substance abuse among youths. The study further demonstrates that public awareness campaigns significantly contribute to behavioral change by improving knowledge, reshaping attitudes, and encouraging healthy lifestyles. The theoretical foundation of the study is anchored on Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which explains how substance abuse behaviors are learned through observation and social interaction. The article concludes that sustainable substance abuse prevention in Africa requires collaborative efforts among governments, educational institutions, families, healthcare organizations, religious bodies, and civil society groups. Strengthening preventive education and awareness programs is therefore essential for safeguarding future generations and promoting community development in African societies.
Keywords: Substance Abuse, Prevention, Education, Public Awareness, Africa, Youths, Community Development.
Abstract
Mediation and negotiation remain critical mechanisms for the peaceful resolution of violent conflicts and the promotion of sustainable peace in the contemporary international system. The growing complexity of modern conflicts, driven by ethnic polarization, political instability, terrorism, socioeconomic inequalities, and competition over natural resources, has heightened the relevance of nonviolent conflict resolution strategies. This study critically examines the role of mediation and negotiation in fostering sustainable conflict resolution, drawing on evidence from contemporary peace processes in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. The study adopts a qualitative analytical methodology based on secondary data from scholarly journals, textbooks, policy reports, and documented case studies. Findings reveal that mediation and negotiation significantly contribute to reducing violence, facilitating dialogue, building trust, promoting reconciliation, and formulating long-term peace agreements. Evidence from peace processes in Colombia, South Sudan, Yemen, and Northern Ireland demonstrates that inclusive dialogue and diplomatic engagement can transform protracted conflicts into opportunities for political stability and social reconstruction. Nevertheless, the study identifies several obstacles that undermine sustainable outcomes, including weak political commitment, foreign interference, fragmented armed groups, and ineffective implementation mechanisms. The article concludes that durable peace can only be achieved through inclusive negotiation frameworks, credible mediation processes, institutional accountability, and sustained international support. It further argues that mediation and negotiation must evolve through innovation, technology integration, and participatory governance to effectively address the multidimensional nature of contemporary conflicts and ensure long-term peacebuilding and conflict transformation.
Keywords: Mediation, Negotiation, Conflict Resolution, Peace Processes, Sustainable Peace, Diplomacy.
This article examines A.K. Ramanujan’s poem “A Flowering Tree” through the dual frameworks of Western phenomenology, feminist theory, and classical South Asian aesthetics. Moving beyond a reading of the poem as a simple fairy tale, this essay argues that Ramanujan constructs a mode of "erotic intelligence"—an epistemological practice rooted in bodily transformation, sensory attentiveness, and mutual care. By synthesizing Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concept of embodiment with Audre Lorde’s theorization of the erotic as a site of power and information, the paper analyzes how the female body serves as a vital generator of marginalized knowledge. Furthermore, it places the poem in dialogue with classical Tamil akam (inner) poetics and Ramanujan’s concept of "context-sensitivity" to challenge universalist, disembodied Western epistemologies. Ultimately, the paper contends that the poem’s tragic turn—the violation and incomplete restoration of the woman-tree—serves as a profound critique of the epistemological trauma and violence inflicted upon autonomous feminine intelligence by patriarchal structures.
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