Ornamental Vehicle Brake Performance and Efficiency with Palm Kernel Oil

Philip Baido*; Patrick Ayinbora; and Maurice M. Braimah

ISSN 2320-9186 Open Access

Article Details

Ornamental Vehicle Brake Performance and Efficiency with Palm Kernel Oil

Journal Global Scientific Journal (GSJ)

Published June 2026

Vol / Issue Vol. 14 · Issue 6

Edition Volume 14 Issue 6 June 2026 Edition

Authors

Philip Baido* Patrick Ayinbora and Maurice M. Braimah

Abstract

The research conducted where enhancing vehicle brake performance and efficiency with palm kernel oil, with key findings outlined of the average viscosity value of 25.37, exceeds the SAE standard value of 24.43, suggesting a potential higher resistance to flow in the brake fluid of the Toyota 4Runner, Nissan and Kia etc, respectively compared to the recommended standard. However, in average, the observation of Toyota 4Runner boiling point of 206 surpasses the SAE standard value of 180, indicating an elevated resistance to boiling and vaporization under high-temperature conditions, thereby potentially enhancing the brake fluid's performance. The average pH value of 8.63 exceeds the standard value of 7, hinting at a slightly more alkaline nature of the brake fluid, which may have implications for its chemical properties and interactions within the braking system. The findings further revealed that the Nissan palm kernel brake type demonstrates superior braking performance with a shorter stopping distance and higher brake pressure. Finally, the findings revealed nuanced differences in brake fluid performance and properties across different vehicle models and fluid types. The research also highlighted that the choice of brake fluid should be based on the specific needs and characteristics of the vehicle in question. For instance, the palm kernel oil type appears to be particularly suitable for Nissan vehicles, while mineral-based fluid seems to be preferred for Kia vehicles. The research concluded a significant disparity in crucial parameters such as viscosity, boiling point, pH levels, and flash points among diverse brake fluid types. A conclusion from the study emphasizes the superior braking performance of the Nissan palm kernel brake type. Investigate the Impact of Brake Fluid Viscosity on Vehicle Performance: Given that the average viscosity value of the brake fluid exceeded the SAE standard value, it would be interesting to conduct a study examining the impact of this higher viscosity on the vehicle's overall performance.

Cite This Article

Philip Baido*, Patrick Ayinbora, and Maurice M. Braimah (June 2026). Ornamental Vehicle Brake Performance and Efficiency with Palm Kernel Oil. Global Scientific Journal (GSJ). Vol. 14, Issue 6.