Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
In this research paper, the conformal mapping aspect of the method of Zedan (1990) for computation of the lift coefficient (c_l) and surface pressure coefficient distribution (c_p) on arbitrary airfoils in potential flows is generalized by replacing the inverse Joukowski transformation in the method by an inverse of the Karman-Trefftz transformation in order to asses its performance.The generalization which ensures that the airfoil contour at and around the trailing edge region is now more properly accounted for in the mapping process is applied to the NACA 4412 airfoil and its performance measured by comparing its c_l and c_p values with those of the original version of the method by Zedan (1990) using NACA experimental data as yardstick. The modified method has given reasonable predictions of these aerodynamic coefficients and has outperformed the original version of the method by Zedan (1990) .
An Ethnobotanical survey of trees and shrubs in Mbalagh, Bukuru Local Government Area of Benue State was carried out between 2017. A total of 104 plant species were analysed and grouped based on their families with their scientific and local (Tiv) names, where the species of the family Euphorbiaceae (8) and Caesalpinoideae (8) were found to be the dominant tree species. Also, the various uses such as medicinal, food, contractions, craft and others were analysed in the study area and medicinal usage has the highest percentage with 44.8% while craft has the least with 8%. Parts used such as leaves, stem, fruits, flowers, seeds, bark and roots were also put into consideration of which leaves with 38.4% has the highest percentage usage. Descriptive statistics (Descriptive analysis) which include frequency counts and percentages were used to determine the level of usage of the identified plant species and the cultural importance index was analysed. It was concluded and established that plants, no doubts play important roles in the survival and existence of other living components of our ecosystem including man.
Bitcoinis a form of digital currency or cyptocurrency. Digital currencies provide alternative means of payment for diverse commercial and personals transactions. They facilitate discreet payments because out of the realm of government regulations. Digital currencies are popular with libertarian people who detest governments’ participation and involvement in the regulation and supply of money (Kaplanov, 2012; Moore, 2013). Bitcoin falls under private digital currencies and has gained acceptance and popularity worldwide, with millions of transactions taking place every month. Satoshi Nakamoto, an unknown entity, launched Bitcoin in 2009. The currency facilitates electronic payments for purchases of goods and services. Presently, many merchants across the world accept payment accept payments in Bitcoin. Bitcoin emanated from advancements in the transference, confirmation, and storage across distributed networks. Distributed networks are independently controlled computers outside the realm of formal government structures, policies, and monetary systems (Glaser, Zimmermann, Haferkorn, Weber, & Siering, 2014; Nakamoto, 2008).
This paper presents IoT Based Monitoring of Generator’s Fuel & Battery Levels in Base Station Cell Sites with SMS Alert. In Telecommunication Network cell sites, generators are manually monitored by the site operators and the process of monitoring the fuel and the battery levels of a generator installed in every cell site is not efficient. Cases had been reported where sites shutdown for hours because of careless and unprofessional practice of the site operators, thereby imparting huge loss to the Telecommunication company. This problem has lingered and calls for serious concern. Therefore, this work introduced GSM based remote monitoring process to address the unprofessional practice used by the cell site operator to monitor various generators. The proposed system comprises of both hardware and software. The hardware part (transmitter section) consists of ultrasonic sensor, battery sensor, microcontroller, GSM module, power supply etc. while the receiver section is the mobile phone of the site operator. The software part includes the algorithm and program code written in C++ programming language. The system transmitter was carefully designed and tested. The result shows that the developed system perfectly monitored the level of the fuel and the battery health of the generators in the targeted cell site and transmits the status (parameters) via wireless to the site operator’s mobile phone. With this, cell sites can be sustained by monitoring the generators powering the Base Stations remotely and alerting the site operator accordingly.
In wireless communication fading of channels cause severe degradation to the strength and quality of received signal. To minimize the impacts of fading and improve the quality of the transmitted signal, several mitigation techniques are applied. In this paper, the throughput of independent channel coding and diversity is compared with the performance of their concatenation for both Rician and Rayleigh multipath fading channels. The simulation results showed that while diversity scheme performs better than coding in Rayleigh channel, coding technique outperforms diversity scheme in Rician channel. However, the combination of the two schemes performs better than either of the independent schemes in both Rayleigh and Rician channel. Hence, OSTBC offers spatial diversity gain while TCM offers coding gain, the duo make the concatenation an excellent scheme over independent diversity or coding technique in combating effects of fading.
Let k(G) be the number of conjugacy classes of a group G. Then, there exists a non-negative integer t = t(G) such that: k(G) = pe + (p2 − 1)n + (p2 − 1)(p − 1)t t ≥ 0, n ∈ Z + and e ∈ {0, 1} Define: even = positive (+) and odd = negative (−). Then, the following hold (i) If n and t are of the same sign then, k(G) is negative. Otherwise, k(G) is positive. (ii) If n is 0, e and t are of the same sign, then k(G) is negative. Otherwise k(G) is positive. And the result is generally in harmony with the Sylow’s C , D and E theorems [15], [21], [22], [23].
This cross sectional study was convinced in a rural community of Sador opogila of Kurigram district under Rangpur division among 146 adult people.Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire.
The study investigated the effect of problem solving approach on students’ academic performance in Physics and Chemistry in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. The design adopted was Quasi – experimental design. A total of 200 SS2 students constituted the sample of the study. one research instrument physics/ Chemistry Performance Test (PPT and CPT) were used to measure the variance in performance between physics and chemistry students, taught with problem-solving instructional approach. The reliability of Physics and Chemistry Performance test (PPT and CPT) were ascertained using Kudar-Richardson formular 20 which yielded a reliability of 0.85 and 0.89 respectively. Two experimental groups and two control groups were used for the research. The experimental and control respondents were taught the concepts using guided discovery approach. The two groups were pretested before treatment and posttest was administered after treatment. Data obtained were analyzed using mean scores differences. Results of findings revealed that the experimental groups taught with guided problem-solving approach had a higher mean score than the control group taught with conventional method in Physics and Chemistry. It is concluded that the use of problem-solving approach in teaching Physics and Chemistry serves as synergy in enhancing Physics and Chemistry learning in school. Based on findings, it is recommended that Physics and Chemistry teachers should adopt problem-solving approach in teaching difficult concepts.
Entrepreneurship is a process that includes these resources: one or more individuals with the spirit of initiative, organization, risk, change and resources. Enterprise has a high impact on the economic development of a country. In developing countries young people face the problem of taking up a new business. There are barriers that often affect young people's willingness to become entrepreneurs. In the context of Albania, a study has been carried out to identify the barriers faced by young people. In the article were taken in study 125 students of the third year in Bachelor Business Administration , at the Faculty of Economics, University of Tirana. Based on a questionnaire as a search tool, aggregated data has been processed using statistical regression analysis.
In this work, we analyze the impact of Economic Recession on food production in Nigeria using Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The data was obtained through face to face interview and from structured questionnaire. The analytical tool used for the analysis is chi-square. The multiple bar chat shows that there is an increase in food production within the year 2014 – 2016. Results gotten from the data analysis using chi-square also shows that Economic Recession has caused an increase in food production in Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State within the period of Economic Recession. Thus, we conclude that Economic Recession has increased Agricultural Production generally in Nigeria.
In this research, we took a theoretical survey of some Gradient Based Algorithms for Multivariate Optimization. Our objective was to make comparison and analyze the desirable characteristics of these methods. The following methods; Descent method, Cauchy’s method, Newton’s Method, Marguard’s Method, Conjugate Gradient Method and Variable-metric Method (DFP) were surveyed. We found out among other things that gradient methods have certain advantage over methods that are none gradient based. In particular, Direct search methods require many function evaluations to converge to the minimum point but Gradient Methods exploit the derivative information of the function and are usually faster search methods.
The transformational leadership theory is one of the leadership theories that can be used and applied to a given leadership setting weather public or private organizational setting. It seems to be appropriate to ecclesiastic organization, particularly to the pastoral leadership, because what pastoral ministry is all about is leading people onto God’s agenda, organizational change or transforming people for a better life.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and important public health problem. DM is high in low and middle income countries including Bangladesh. In earlier studies in Bangladesh, the understanding on diet, drugs, discipline and knowledge of Type 2 DM is limited in this country.
This paper presents monitoring of air pollution using earth observation ground station and GIS in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, TRNC is becoming highly polluted, due to the high emission of pollutant like; particulate matter, sulfuric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. This could be possibly as a result of high industrial activity in the region. The need to measure the level of air pollutant brought about this paper in some selected cities. The ground observation stations collect daily amounts of pollutants in the selected cities for the period of 24 months (2011-2012). The data were analyst using excel software. The results shows that during the winter season Alevkayasi has the minimum value of PM10 as 4.1 µg/m3 in January while the maximum was obtained at Famagusta as 180.3 µg/m3 , during the same winter season in February, the minimum AOD was obtained at Famagusta as 0.3 DU in February and the maximum at Nicosia and Alevkayasi all in February as 1.9 DU. During spring season the minimum value of PM10 was obtained at Alevkayasi as 6.9 µg/m3 in March and the maximum value at Guzelyurt as 286.4 µg/m3 in March while for the AOD, the minimum was obtained at Klecik as 0.1 DU in may and the maximum at Kyrenia in march. During summer season the minimum value of PM10 was obtained at Alevkaysi as 8.8 µg/m3 in June and the maximum at Guzelyurt as 110.9 µg/m3 in June, for the AOD the minimum was 0.1 DU at Kalecik in June while the maximum was obtained at Alevkayasi and Nicosia as 1.9 DU in June lastly for Autumn season, the minimum value of PM10 was obtained at Alevkayasi in November as 4.6 µg/m3 and the maximum as 382.4 µg/m3 at Kyrenia in October, for the AOD the minimum was obtained as 0.3 DU in October while the maximum was obtained as 0.14 DU in October at Nicosia respectively.
This In this world of 7.3 billion people, about 795 million, or one in nine, suffer from chronic undernourishment or hunger (FAO 2015). The main cause of this poverty and hunger is unequal income distribution, lack of resources, and absence of knowledge and skill to earn the livelihood. These people are not able to take the benefit of ICT which in several studies have been found to have a direct relation with the wealth creation. In absence of their skill to read and write, the ancient method of oral imparting of knowledge is the only way to train them fo livelihood generation and social upliftment. This includes training them in improved farming, cattle breeding, entrepreneurship for selling their product profitably, health and hygiene, guidance about government schemes for their benefit, financial facilities etc. Community Radio (CR) is an excellent tool to reach them in their own language/dialect and motivate them to participate and learn. The paper examines the history of development of CR in the world, regulatory processes to obtain license and finally the case studies with focus on two countries namely India and Ethiopia where the tool was used to derive immense benefit to the community in poverty alleviation.
This paper presents the reliability assessment of power equipment in a distribution substation using fault tree analysis (FTA) technique. The 33/11kVAnglo-Jos distribution substation of the Jos Electricity Distribution PLC was used as the case study for this research. The aim of the research is to analyze the reliability of power equipment in a distribution substation by using fault tree analysis. The data recorded in the substation’s log book was used as the field data for this research work. The field data includes frequencies of failures of power equipment in the substation and their respective durations of failures. The single line diagram and the fault tree diagram of the power equipment in the distribution substation was constructed. The FTA model showed the logical arrangement of the basic events in hierarchical form leading to the desired top event. The qualitative fault tree analysis was done to determine the minimal cuts of the basic events that could lead to the top event by using Boolean algebra and probability expressions. The quantitative fault tree analysis was carried out to determine the mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR) and unavailability of each power equipment by using reliability expressions. The power equipment with the best MTBF and MTTR were also identified and discussed. This paper identified the power equipment that should be upgraded so as to achieve reliable distribution substation and guarantee improved electricity delivery to consumers.
Anosmia is commonly caused by paranasal sinus disease, upper respiratory tract infection, trauma or chemical irritation. And intracranial tumors may also cause anosmia, however when the patient only presents anosmia without other neurological symptoms, intracranial lesions may be ignored.
This paper is aimed at evaluating solar energy potentials at Anyigba, North Central Nigeria, latitude 7029.6'N (7.490N), longitude 7010.6' (7.170E) and at an altitude of 420m above sea level for optimized electricity generation. The solar radiation data was collected at 4m height using the Campbell scientific automatic weather station of Tropospheric Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN), operated and managed by the Centre for Atmospheric Research (CAR), National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Anyigba. The instrument measures at an interval of five minutes update cycle for a period of five years (2011-2015). The solar radiation in the area fell between 8.4 kWh/m2/day and 11.4 kWh/m2/day. Analysis of the irradiance data was conducted using MATLAB software. The preliminary results showed that Anyigba is viable for solar energy generation. Using the results of the solar analysis, a stand-alone photovoltaic PV power system was designed to power the Ozone monitor Laboratory at Anyigba to be used for air quality research and climatic change studies using hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software. The software simulates off-grid system, as well as checking the technical and economical criteria of the system. The performance of each component of the stand-alone system was analyzed and sensitivity analysis performed to optimize the system at different initial conditions. Based on the simulated result, it was found that 4 kW size PV panel, 4 No. 60A charge controller, 16 No. 200AH battery and 1No. 1 kW inverter is the optimal solution for this system at the cost of N5,573,760:00 ($17 418.00). The optimized off-grid system would lead to the reduction pollution emission as well as ensuring a stable power supply.
The research investigated the Suitability of Plaster Mould for Indigenous Jewelry Production. The investigation involved basic properties of the produced plaster mould for indigenous Jewelry production based on the ratio formulated of the materials and casting were produced using the mould samples, also laboratory instrument were used for the analysis. The results showed that Water absorption of the samples had the average percentage of A = 12.3, B = 4.6, C = 8.92, D = 3.19 and E = 6.77; shrinkage percentage differences of Before Baking and After Baking of the samples A, B, C, D & E are 4.03, 2.85, 2.05, 1.89 and 1.63 respectively while Density of the samples A, B,C,D & E after baking are 1.49g/cm3 ,1.82 g/cm3, 1.98 g/cm3, 1.78 g/cm3 and 1.83 g/cm3 respectively. The compression strength of the samples A, B, C, D & E after baking are 158.9N/mm2, 161.3 N/mm2, 125.8 N/mm2, 144.3 N/mm2 & 141.05 N/mm2 respectively, while the refractoriness of the Samples A, B, C, D and E were within the range of 1350oC – 1400oC. The cast results indicated samples A, D and E had defects while sample B and C were better. The study therefore concluded that samples B and C are suitable for the production of jewelry.
The depletion of the C-band and a shift from Ku-band (12/14GHz) to Ka-band (20/30GHz) was as a result of the congestion by commercial satellite operations and the lower bandwidth of Ku-band which prompted the use of Ka-band for microwave frequency beyond 10GHz for satellite communications between Nigcomsat-1r and the VSAT station of Port Harcourt International Airport (PHIA). These millimetre wave bands are degraded by rain induced propagation impairments like attenuation and interference. In a wet climate region like Port Harcourt where convective rainfall type is the order of the day, the propagated signals are impaired by attenuation, depolarization and phase rotation. A fade reducing technique called ATPC was set up to pacify the effects of rainfall impairments in the signals propagated between Nigcomsat-1r satellite and PHIA VSAT station. The ATPC increases the output power of the transmitter during wet conditions to increase the SNR, availability of the link , level of signal received and reduce the BER, power consumption, interference and the noise level at the receiver. During clear sky conditions, a nominal power is used by the ATPC and transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver in order to avoid interference in the signal. In this work, rainfall rate data was gotten from NiMet for five years beginning from 1st January, 2012 to 31st December, 2016 which was used to validate the ITU-R model proposed for the simulation and mathematical computations. From the results of the graphs of forecasted slant-path attenuation, the definite (specific) attenuation and the forecasted attenuation plotted against year 2012 to 2016, it shows that the attenuation was highest in the year 2014 and lowest in the year 2015 showing that 2014 had the highest attenuation disrupting communications between Nigcomsat-1r and PHIA earth station. The attenuation of the slant path increases as the rainfall rate increases and reduces as it reduces while the rainfall rate increases as the synoptic hours increases. Furthermore, the predicted attenuation, specific attenuation and the slant-path attenuation forecasted all increases at their highest point between 1000 and 1500 main synoptic hours and have their lowest point between 1500 and 2000 main. ATPC mitigated the specific attenuation and slant-path attenuation for 2014 providing a better link availability, gain and signal propagation as shown by the graphs in the work.
To predict the severity of acute pancreatitis. Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: From January, 2017 to July, 2017. Surgical Unit ll, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Patients and Methods: 100 consecutive patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were offered to enroll in the study after taking informed consent. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on acute upper abdominal pain associated with a serum amylase level greater than three times the normal value or an elevated serum lipase level and radiological evidence of AP. Patients with history of trauma, any active cardiac or renal issue were excluded from the study. Results: Hundred patients were enrolled in the study: 68 males and 32 females. The median patient age was 49 years. According to the Atlanta criteria, 56 patients were classified as mild AP and 44 as severe AP. There were no significant differences according to age (p= 0.24) and sex (p= 0.65). The causes of AP were biliary stone, idiopathic or miscellaneous; differences were not significant (p= 0.40) . Twenty patients died: sixteen of multiple organ failure and four of severe necrotizing pancreatitis; all twenty had severe AP. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of Ranson score is 43% , 86% and 67% as compared to serum Procalicotnin which is 29% and 90% and 47%. Conclusions: In patients with acute pancreatitis, serum procalcitonin level at admission does not accurately predict the progression to severe acute pancreatitis. Ranson score correlated better than serum procalcitonin in predicting the progression to severe pancreatitis.
Amino acids and their metabolites are important regulators of key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, feed intake, nutrient utilization, immunity, behavior as well as resistance to environmental stressor and pathogenic organisms in various fishes, and so fish in this context is an important and cheaper source of quality nutritive sources. The objective of this investigation was to determine the analysis of amino acid content in Mormyrops deliciosus. The amino acid composition was analyzed by Association of analytical chemist (AOAC) method and determined by gas chromatography. Results showed a significant difference in essential and non essential amino acids in Mormyrops deliciosus from four different rivers. It was revealed that Mormyrops deliciosus is a good source of essential amino acid.
Maxillary sinuses exhibit significant anatomic structures that are important to assess prior to implant placement. Reported an incidence of maxillary sinus exostosis is 0.9% in panoramic radiographs [1]. Paranasal sinus exostoses have been recognized as a complication of nasal irrigation with cold solution after nasal surgery. However, a few reported cases are idiopathic without history of nasal surgery and receiving nasal irrigation.
All gaseous planets of our system (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) lack oxygen – except in traces - in their impressive atmospheres.Oxygen has a melting point at -218,79°C and a boiling point at -182,962°C.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content which is crucial for source rock evaluation was analysed in the Agbada Formation based on density log method. Four organic-rich horizons delineated across six GABO wells in the Niger Delta showed average TOC values of 6.38wt% for horizon 1, 6.97wt% for horizon 2, 6.41wt% for horizon 3 and 5.67wt% for horizon 4. These values are above the standard minimum threshold value of source rock for hydrocarbon generation in the Niger Delta which is 0.5wt%. The values are also greater than 2wt%, and thus in rating, they are classified as excellent source rocks. The implication is that the organic-rich sediments (shale units) of the Agbada Formation are good source rocks and contribute to hydrocarbon generation in the Niger Delta basin.
In biomedical research, fabrication of porous scaffolds from advanced biomaterial for healing bone defects represents a new approach for tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biologically active ceramics have been recognized as substitute material for bone and teeth in orthopedic and dentistry field due to their chemical and biological similarity to human hard tissue. It is biocompatible and bioactive material that can be used to restore damaged human calcified tissue. Hydroxyapatite, Poly Lactic Acid & Cotton (Gauze) Composite Scaffold film were produced by natural drying in-situ synthesized hybrid suspension. Matrix mediated precipitation of hydroxyapatite particles in the polymer, controlled the particle size in nanometer range. The chemical and thermal properties of composite were investigated by Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA)/ (TGDTA). Crystallographic characterization by X-Ray Diffraction and Mechanical properties by tensile testing are calculated as tensile strength.
Data mining techniques such as decision trees, classification, and clustering can be used to solve the problem of Big Data. Data mining uses sophisticated mathematical algorithms to segment the data and evaluate the probability of future events. Data mining is also known as Knowledge Discovery in Data (KDD).Facebook is a famous social media application that connects people around the globe.MCC Files is a Facebook group that allows users, mostly Mabalacat City College student to post anything and everything they wanted to. The purpose of the study is about the development of an algorithm that can compute and compare words in the MCC Files group posts and the AFINN database. The researches managed to download MCC Files posts from July 03, 2015 until July 15, 2017 as the primary data set using Facepager. There were originally 13852 posts in the data set but after the data mining process has been used, only 4783 unique posts remained. The remaining unique posts were cleansed using Data Cleaner and MS Excel. The overall sentiments of MCC Files are generally positive based on the experimental sentiment scoring method used in the study.
The study was conducted to determine the extent of enrollment rates among SUCs in Region XII for the years 2011-2015. This was further limited to input datus which were available on study, on the years, and datus revealed to the researcher. Moreover, this was limited to datus of five common courses of the respondent SUCs in Region XII. This study only covered practically State Universities and Colleges fully subsidized by the government through the CHED office and did not cover institutions partly subsidized by the government through scholarships offered to poor but deserving students.
Meteorological variables which include rainfall, solar radiation, wind, temperature, relative humidity, and evapo-transpiration affect and solely determine the global distribution of crops and livestock as well as their productivity. The effect of these variables on the yield of an improved variety of maize planted on different dates was carried out.The study revealed the effect that climatic factors, such as rainfall, evaporation, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperature have on the yield of maize in the study area. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation of the variables with maize yield. Maize yield was highly correlated with rainfall (0.996), but weakly correlated with maximum temperature (0.095). It also revealed that maize has a coefficient of determination of 0.672. This indicates that 67% of the variance in maize can be adduced to the climatic parameters examined. This suggests that the remaining 33% of the variance is associated with other factors which could include the fertility of the soil, crop variety and other farm management practices.The implication of these findings for a country like Nigeria that practices the rain-fed system of agriculture is that crop production should be restricted to regions where availability of soil moisture is ensured during critical crop growth while irrigation practice is encouraged for regions with limited water availability. Successful crop production also depends on the right choice of varieties so that the length of growing period of the crop matches the length of the growing season.
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