Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Small and medium enterprises are meant not only to maximize shareholders wealth but also growth of enterprises. To achieve growth of small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County. They should adopt strategic methods. Consequently, the current study examined strategies and growth of small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County. Specific objectives were to examine the effect of marketing, management, strategic and information technology strategies on growth of small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County. The study was anchored on resources-based theory. Descriptive research design was adopted and primary data collected through administration of questionnaires. Data was analyzed through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Study findings indicated positive and significant effect of marketing, management, strategic and information technology strategies on growth of small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County. It was recommended that there is need for adoption of measures aimed at enhancing growth and survival of small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County
Organization aims at making profit and maximizing shareholders wealth. The achievement of profitability is dependent on leadership approach in an organization. Hence, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of strategic leadership on performance of petroleum industry in Kenya. Specific objectives of the study were, to determine the effect of strategic human capital on performance of petroleum industry in Kenya. To examine the effect of strategic controls on performance of petroleum industry in Kenya. To evaluate the effect of strategic planning on performance of petroleum industry in Kenya. To establish the effect of strategic sourcing on performance of petroleum industry in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design. Primary data was collected through administration of questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed the data. Study findings indicates that strategic human capital, strategic control, strategic planning and strategic sourcing have positive and significant effect on performance of petroleum industry in Kenya.
Youth participation in Kenya have been peripheral since independence. There is need for support of youth entrepreneurship so as to not only achieve economic development but address some challenges facing them. This is because they are faced by high unemployment rates, drug and substance abuses, crime, and cold participation in economic development. Hence, the current study examined the effect of access to credit, market access, government policy and entrepreneurial skills on youth enterprises development in Nairobi County. Descriptive research design was applied, and primary data collected through administration of 100 questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed the data. Study findings indicate that there was a positive and significant effect of access to credit, market access, government policy and entrepreneurial skills on youth enterprises development in Nairobi County.
The work examined the Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMOU) of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC)and Sustainable Community Development in Rivers and Bayelsa States. The social incompatibility theory and stakeholder theory constituted the theoretical underpinnings of this research. The study derived its data from Primary and Secondary sources. The study found of that the GMOU has not significantly enhanced human capital development in host communities in Rivers and Bayelsa States, the GMOU model has not also enhanced economic empowerment of host communities in Rivers and Bayelsa States, the endeavor of the GMOU model to infrastructural development is mostly uncompleted and abandoned projects, the GMOU model did not significantly contribute to community development in host communities of Rivers and Bayelsa States. The study recommended that SPDC should recognize their responsibilities, their host communities’ expectations and to develop partnership as a preferred model for their community development activities for peaceful co-existence.
The term, mixed-use development can be described as the act of allowing different types of use in a building or set of buildings. in planning terms, this can be described as inculcating residential, commercial, office, industrial or institutional uses into a building or set of buildings. This aids a shorter distance between one’s work place, his residence, and place of relaxation. Urbanization could reduce the sufferings and hardship of man and in other ways increase the poverty rate and squalor of settlers leading to shanty settlements, the laws of urbanization and proper development need to be put in place and amended to change the status of poor urban settlements. the role of mixed used development and its principles has been explained, also this paper throws more light on examples of mixed used buildings in Nigeria have been analyzed and evaluated for a better understanding on mixed used development should look like and what has been put in place to reduce the problem of poor urban environments in Nigeria. Keyword: mixed used developments, urbanization.
Plato’s (428/427- 348/347 BC) philosophical doctrines and ideologies are believed to be the footnote of Western philosophy. He is believed be the first to have written issues concerning eugenics. In his work Republic especially book V, he discussed the possibility of raising a guardian class comprising of a carefully selected men and women of superior traits who alone are allowed to propagate to transmit their noble qualities to their offspring without “tainting” from those with inferior traits. At the end he realized that it was improbable to accomplish such results with human beings. In the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries there was an attempt to revive the eugenics ideologies of ancient period, like those of Plato, by Francis Galton and his eugenics movement, who believed that it was possible, through selective breeding just as it was accomplished in husbandry, to raise a human race of superior traits through the enhancement of human gene pool. This can be termed as positive eugenics. Later it also meant suppressing people with low quality traits from propagating so that they could not pollute human gene pool. This can be referred to as negative eugenics. Inhumane methods were employed to achieve this as it was witnessed and culminated in Nazi regime and through Adolf Hitler. For this reason, eugenics acquired a negative connotation which brought the use of the term eugenics to an end especially at the end of Second World War. In the modern epoch, this has invited aggressive debates and discussions concerning the legitimacy and authenticity of eugenics practices in human beings in various disciplines. Eugenics has brought distinction and categorization of human beings who by nature are supposed to be equal and be respected as such.
Understanding the situation of workers under contractual, temporary, and non-standard categories of work in government agencies and institutions is the main goal of this literature review article. Identifying the working conditions under these work categories and their job satisfaction in comparison to those who are regular employees of the government is the core of this paper. This article explored articles, journals and studies available online that were published in the last ten years from the date of publication of this paper. The materials reviewed reveal that workers in this category are often underpaid and with no provision of incentives and benefits that are being enjoyed by regular employees. Furthermore, result in job satisfaction is quite inconsistent as results of some studies are disagreeing with each other.
Societal problems are not only based on economic and political issues nowadays but it involves environmental cases. The ever increasing pollution, flooding, climate change, and desertification require urgent attention. Therefore, there is the need for creating awareness in the society through education. Biology is one of the few subjects in the curriculum which exposes the learners to their environment. The Biology teachers as custodians of Biological knowledge and key actors in curriculum implementation have important role to play in creating awareness for environmental literate society. However, this research has therefore, reviewed some studies and highlighted importance of the environment in the society and the role of Biology and Biology teachers. It is suggested that Biology teachers should intensify efforts towards teaching topics related to the environment and environmental issue with a view to creating further awareness about the environment.
After the two years of independence in 2011, South Sudan entered into a brutal civil war. A war broke out On December 15, 2013 the cause of war was political division and power competition between the two opposition leaders. Ethiopia has been played a key role in resolving South Sudan conflict that broke out between the Government of South Sudan and the opposition. Ethiopia has been actively involved in the mediation process to defuse and resolve tensions within South Sudan both as individual and as IGAD chair member has a vital role, including deployment of peace keeping forces
A new cocrystal of Levetiracetum and oxalic acid has been formed by using a technique which is based on hydrogen bonded Synthon illustrate by notation (F2)4 (8). Several Techniques were used to explain the new bonding formed between Levetiracetum and oxalic acid along with traditional crystallization method. New Solid formation have been detected and explain with various NMR techniques, which revealed synthon (F2)4 (8).
Interference effect that occurs when two or more waves overlap or intersect is a common phenomenon in physical wave mechanics. Driving forces in anti-phase, which occurs when the two interfering phase angles are oppositely related, provide full destructive superposition and the minimum possible amplitude; while driving forces in phase, that is, when the two phase angles are equal, provides full constructive superposition and maximum possible amplitude. In this study, we used the Green’s function technique to evaluate the behavior of a 2D constitutive carrier wave propagating in a cylindrical pipe of a known length and diameter. A constitutive carrier wave in this wise, is a corrupt wave function, it is the resultant of the interference of a parasitic wave on a host wave. Also in this work, we showed quantitatively the method of determining the intrinsic characteristics of the constituents of a constitutive carrier wave which are initially not known. It is evident from this study, that the frequency and the band spectrum of the Green’s function are higher than those of the general solution of the propagating constitutive carrier wave. The study also shows that the band spectrum of the constitutive carrier wave does not attenuate completely to zero due to the presence of some residual signal still present in it even when the parasitic wave would have completely eroded the active wave characteristics of the host wave. The point source driven potential of the Green’s function is spherically symmetric about the source, and falls off smoothly with increasing distance from the source.
Internal controls are the methods, rules, and procedures applied by a company to ensure the integrity and reliability of financial and accounting information and secure operational efficiency. These are designed in a systematic approach to promote accountability, secure company assets and interests and prevent fraud in accordance with the national and local laws that govern the activities of companies. These laws differ depending on the location of the business. The management of the business believes that sound internal controls are effected by the company policies to ensure the attainment of set corporate goals and objectives. The defectiveness of the internal controls, obviously could result to high risk and losses to the company. Complex duties give negative results in the operations productivity. Business financial data would not be reliable for the management to come up with a sound and good decision on its financial health status. This is the purpose of the study. The study will stress that internal controls are very significant to every business to observe and implement in securing its financial health and operational efficiency. Further to this, the result of this study is to see how internal controls mediate between the perceived business risk and organizational performance to improve the operations of the business. In this article, there will be cited affirmations from the reviewed related articles in order for the author to corroborate the owned assertions mentioned in this study. Index Term: Internal controls, business risk, organization, business financial health, organizational performance, operational efficiency
Teachers need to equip students with the necessary tools to experience social and academic success both inside the classroom and beyond it. Students need to be proficient in utilizing skills associated with higher levels of thinking. The greater the teacher's effectiveness, the greater the learner's proclivity to be actively engaged, which will eventually lead to academic gains for students. Teachers' actions and students' performance intersect, making teachers a critical factor in determining student success. When teachers use effective practices, they increase the likelihood that students will actively participate in instruction. One of the most well-established predictors of achievement is student engagement; when students are more engaged in academic instruction, they tend to perform better. This article explored the skills that teachers require, with the goal of evaluating whether they are presently held by teachers and suggesting training techniques to help them achieve them. Students must be proficient in using higher-level thinking skills, which will enable them to identify, analyze, and evaluate the infinite volume of information available in our rapidly changing digital world. Students' ideas, values, and attitudes about schooling are important, and instructors must pay attention to them. Education has a significant impact on the social, political, economic, and cultural lives of people in any community. Many influential agents influence educational processes, including the instructor. A key function in education is said to be played by the instructor.
Developing countries are striving to build their infrastructure to foster their economic growth. Authors discovered that continuous rising in the access to locations along with spending on infrastructure enhances the economic development and growth of developing countries. However, this development process comes with various challenges such as the right of way, traffic management, diversions, noise, vibration, dust etc. In addition to that, the weak performance of road construction projects in these countries can be attributed to the inefficient understanding and deployment of risk management. As a result of these challenges, residents, businesses, travellers etc. are subject to risks at different levels and magnitudes. This study aims to identify and measure the risks associated with infrastructure development within cities in developing nations. A questionnaire is used as a tool for data collection; the collected data is then analysed using percentages and Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM). The study identifies the significant risks associated with road infrastructure development (i.e. Heavy, traffic, Dust and Accident and Destruction) in the cities and their severity. This study contributes to identifying the rating and likelihood of the associated risks while evaluating the critical risks that needed attention.
The seeds of Anacardium occidentale were collected, dried, roasted, de-husked and pulverized. The seed oil was extracted with the aid of a Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. Physicochemical analysis of the seed oil was conducted using standard procedures. The extracted oil had a relative density of 0.93 g/cm3, refractive index at 25˚C (1.39), iodine value (41.13 g/100g), saponification value (165mg KOH/g), peroxide value (4.29meq/kg) and acid value (6.90mg KOH/g). The Phytate (3.26mg/100g), tannin (0.5mg/100g) and oxalate (0.003mg/100g) contents of the oil fell within acceptable levels. Sensory quality test indicated that treated fishes retained good appearance, odour, taste, texture and good consumer acceptance. The implication of these findings to the protection and consumption of smoke-dried Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus are discussed.
Student’s achievements and interest in learning Mathematics are the two major problems especially those who achieve less. This paper aims to review how these students make learning interesting and fun to do in mathematics. This review also aims that traditional teacher should also look into considerations the new innovations and strategies in teaching mathematics so that children will be able to achieve a higher learning skill. It reviewed articles published in an online international journal from 2019. This paper also gives emphasis to learning through action learning and concept motivation. Keywords: strategies, innovations, action learning, motivation
Pre-extension demonstration of Ethiopian mustard varieties with their production package was conducted in west shewa zone of Oromia region at Wolmera districts for two consecutive years (2016/17 and 2017/18). The study was carried out to demonstrate the performance of Ethiopian mustard varieties under farmers’ field conditions to select best preferred varieties by farmers and to exchange experiences and get feedbacks from farmers and other stakeholders in the study area. The trial was executed on 12 host farmers’ fields using six promising varieties and two standard check varieties. Grain yield, farmers’ perception data and feedback were collected from the demonstration plots. Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. The statistical data analysis result indicates that the standard check Yellow Dodolla gave relatively better yield than the tested entries. The two years mean grain yield across location showed that variety Yellow Dodola gave 36.34 qt/ha that is relatively higher than the tested entries 153Aw.X PGRC/E 208507/2/1/3/65/2 which gave 33.35 qt/ha, while the lowest poor yield 6.72 qt/ha was recorded by variety Dogder. When we compare oil content and oil yield mean of the tested entries with the standard check, Gen.5 (153Aw.Xpgrc/E 208507/2/1/3/65/2) gave the highest oil yield of 60.5 kg/ha while the checks gave 36.1 kg/ha respectively. The oil content result also showed that Gen 2 (153 Aw. X PGRC/E208507/2/1/3/1/2) gave the highest 45.35% while the standard check yellow Dodolla gave 36.5% respectively.
The objective of this chapter is to examine the causal relationship between Muscat Securities Market performance (measured through MSM30 and Shariah Index) and selected macro-economic variables (Money Supply, Crude Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and Interest Rate) for the study period 1st January 2013 till 30th August 2019. The study employs the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model to examine the impact of Macro-economic variables on Stock market performance. Direction of causality is inferred through VAR based Granger Causality and Wald Coefficient restriction test. From the results, short run unidirectional causal effect from broad money supply and real oil prices on stock indices is inferred. The study also examined effect of innovations in macro-economic variables on the present and future values of MSM Indices and the percentage of unexpected variations in MSM indices due to shocks from macro-economic variables. The findings of the Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response Functions show that 100% of variations in MSM 30 and Shariah Index in period 1 are explained by the variables themselves and the response of MSM 30 and Shariah Index to its own innovation is positive where as it is negative to that of real oil prices and money supply.
The fast growth in urbanisation has been recognized, both as an opportunity and a global challenge. These growing urban centres drive economic growth and offer economies of scale in productivity and public investment at the same time, the social melting pots, and centres of innovation that drives social change. Conversely, cities are equally marked by inequality, poverty, conflict, violence and environmental degradation. Urbanization is a process by which rural areas are transformed into urban areas and which involves the growth of urban populations through the combined effects of migration and natural increase. The apparent failures of state-led development approaches throughout the 1970s and 1980s stimulated interest in NGOs as a development alternative, with capacity to offer innovative and people-centred approaches to service delivery, advocacy and empowerment. The main issues in urban areas are: limited access to income and employment, inadequate and insecure living conditions, poor infrastructure and services, vulnerability to risks such as natural disasters, environmental hazards and health risks particularly associated with living in slums, spatial issues which inhibit mobility and transport; and inequality closely linked to problems of exclusion. that the drivers of the economy are the human beings; if they are well educated and skillful only then the financial resources may run properly.
This paper reassesses the link between climate change, migration and security in Africa and analyse the role of climate change, adaptation and mitigation policy for future conflict prevention. Africa with its history of ethnic, resource and intra/interstate conflict is seen by many as particularly vulnerable to this new security threat, despite being the continent that is least responsible for global greenhouse gas emission. This relationship between climate change, migration and security is academically contested. Given the political urgency and potential scale of the issue, it is not possible to wait for academic consensus to emerge. However, Climate security is tied intellectually to environmental security, a field of thought that is now several decades old and that emphasize the many linkages between the natural environment and both global and national security. Its basic premise is that natural systems are interwoven with economic, social, and political systems. The relationship between youth unemployment, irregular migration and instability in the context of climate change is politically recognized as a likely risk with high impact, even though contemporary policies still focus primarily on responses to forced or irregular migration. This argument underlines the complex links that are hypothesised in explaining the link between climate change and security. Currently there is the aspect of migration and environment, when inadequately managed, could result in large-scale movements and can lead to overexploitation of natural resources, destruction of peoples’ livelihoods in the host environment and may, in turn, provoke further migration and displacement, in addition to creating tension with the receiving communities. It is without doubt that climate insecurity can increase risk to life, property, and settlements, especially among marginalized populations, and therefore to increase the risk of conflict. “Human insecurity is the necessary link between climate change and conflict”. This paper concludes by advancing the need for policies aimed at promoting deliberate integration between these fields of Security, Stability and Sustainability by stimulating the creation of green jobs and investment opportunities by migrants themselves.
This research work evaluated model fit through Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQC). Information criterion is an important aspect of scientific data analysis. This is due to the critical nature of selection of an appropriate approximating model to statistical inference. This research work examined AIC, BIC and HQC in terms of sample size, number of parameter estimates and also their measures of out of sample predicted accuracy (penalty term). Simulated data and secondary data gotten from CBN (Central Bank of Nigeria) yearlys bulletin were applied for this research. The data analyses were conducted with Statistical software R Studio. The data analysis indicated that HQC performs better than AIC and BIC for very small sample size while AIC performs better than BIC and HQC for sample size of 20 and above. The penalty terms of BIC and HQC increases with increasing sample size and number of parameter estimates, this indicates that, BIC and HQC penalizes the sample size and number of parameter estimates. The penalty terms of AIC remains constant with increasing number of sample size but increases with increasing number of parameter estimates, this indicates that, AIC penalizes the number of parameter estimates. The Bartletts test of homogeneity of variances indicated that, there is no significant difference among the variances of the information criteria considered in this research work. Hence, we can conclude that HQC performs better than AIC and BIC for sample size less than 20 while AIC performs better than BIC and HQC for sample size of twenty and above.
Violence against individual(s) based on their sex is evident in all kinds of professionals where women are involved. Similarly, Gender based violence is practiced against female health extension workers. This study is trying to investigate the causes of gender-based violence against health extension workers at Pawe woreda. To achieve the proposed objective, qualitative research approach with case study design was employed. In the study, eleven semi structured interviewees, nine focus group discussants and nine key informants were participated. The interviewees and the focus group discussants were selected by using purposive sampling technique whereas the key informants were selected by using availability sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by applying thematic data analysis technique. The study found out that lack of awareness, patriarchal thinking, the shun of gotts, lack of penalty, lack of security, jealousy, alcoholism, absence of workplace transfer and problems emanated from their personal behavior are the major causes of gender-based violence practiced against health extension workers. Therefore, Local and international organizations should intervene to challenge the gender-based violence practiced against health extension workers.
Thiѕ paper еvаluаtеѕ thе imрасt оf knowledge management оn оrgаniѕаtiоnаl реrfоrmаnсе in Nigeria and wаѕ guided bу the ѕubѕеԛuеnt objectives; tо wоrk out the imрасt of knowledge mаnаgеmеnt оn organisational performance оf ѕоmе ѕеlесtеd information tесhnоlоgу companies also to аѕѕеѕѕ the rеlеvаnсе of knowledge management in еnhаnсing оrgаniѕаtiоnаl ѕtruсturе оf IT соmраniеѕ in Lagos Stаtе - Nigеriа. Thе ѕtudу wаѕ carried out uѕing еxрlаnаtоrу dеѕign with ԛuеѕtiоnnаirеѕ inсluding library research so аѕ to gаthеr data. Primаrу and secondary data ѕоurсеѕ were uѕеd аnd dаtа was analyzed uѕing thе сhi ѕԛuаrе аnd correlation ѕtаtiѕtiсаl tооl at 5% lеvеl of significance which wаѕ рrеѕеntеd in frеԛuеnсу tables and реrсеntаgе. 50 rеѕроndеntѕ whо аrе оwnеrѕ оf IT Cоmраniеѕ across Lаgоѕ State wеrе ѕаmрlеd. The ѕtudу findingѕ revealed that knоwlеdgе mаnаgеmеnt ѕignifiсаntlу impacts оn оrgаniѕаtiоnаl performance.
This study aims to analyze and explain the Factors Affecting Village Fund Management Accountability. This research is a causality study where there is a causal relationship between two or more variables. The method of data analysis in this study is multiple linear regression analysis (Multiple Regression Analysis). The research data was processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program, using data collection techniques using questionnaires. The number of respondents in this study were 84 respondents. The results showed that the Competence of the Village Fund Management Apparatus had a positive and significant effect on the accountability of village financial management, and teamwork had a positive and significant effect on the accountability of village financial management in North Toraja Regency.
This exploratory paper aimed to review different related literature and studies on effectiveness of Milk-Feeding Program as complimentary program of School-Based Feeding Program of Department of Education. This focused on the assessment on the implementation of Milk-Feeding Program on growth and learning of pupils in DepEd Antipolo. The perused previous undertakings included in this paper discussed and cited findings related to the aforesaid objective of the study. The results showed that SBF-MFP has direct relation on the learning and growth of the learners. In addition, as school-based program, feeding programs of the DepEd contributed to the academic performance, learning behavior, curricular activities, physical attributes, mental health, and emotional capacity of the learners which are the main focused of the present study. Keywords: School-Based Feeding Program, Milk-Feeding Program, growth, learning, effectiveness.
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