Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY UTILISATION AND PICTOGRAM USE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA. []


Purpose: Adherence to antiretrovirals has been identified to be the main bane of success in the management of HIV/AIDS. This study assessed the effect of pictogram on antiretroviral therapy utilization when used in pharmaceutical counseling and dispensing. Research methods and procedure: An intervention study was carried out among participants grouped into control and intervention groups selected using simple random sampling by balloting. All participants were HIV positive, treatment naïve clients. Data was collected using pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer –administeredquestionnaire. Dataanalysis was undertakenusing SPSS version 20 statistical package. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 322 participants were surveyed; 156 control and 166 intervention respondents. Only 115(35.7%) of all respondents were males. There were more female respondents than males across both groups. Across the three clinic visits, greater percentages of the respondents from the intervention group were medication-schedule adherent than the control group respondents. At the 3rd visit, while 11(7.1%) of the control group took their medications outside the counseled time, only 7 (4.2%) of the intervention group took their antiretrovirals outside of the counseled time. For missed doses, only 18(10.8%) of the intervention group missed at least one dose, while it was 30(19.2%) for the control group by the 3rd clinic visit. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that pictogram use in pharmaceutical counseling and dispensing had a positive effect on the utilization of the antiretroviral therapy by the patients. The use of pictogram gave clear superiority to the non-use of pictogram in most of the antiretroviral utilization features assessed. All stakeholders should therefore give concerted efforts towards absorbing pharmaceutical pictograms as intrinsic component of the HIV care program and more emphasis should be given to the linking of ARV dose intake to a normal physical daily routine like meal time, prayer time to optimize ARV utilization.

ANTECEDENT AND CONSEQUENCES OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION IN TEXTILE SECTOR OF SINDH PAKISTAN []


The objective of this study is to look into the Antecedents and consequences of learning organization in Textile sector of Sindh Pakistan. This Study is mixed research in nature and explanatory approach is used and design is co relational research. Data were collected through Questionnaire from 450 respondents out of which only 250 responses considered authentic for my research work. Because only 250 of them were working in textile sector. I used the method of interview and hand fill survey method because I found it more valid and authentic and the data which were collected through survey method these all data were put on SPSS V.23. Knowledge management, entrepreneurship, and total quality management comprise resonance leadership (RL). Were all discovered to have a large to moderate impact on LO. Additionally, it the previous discovered that Learning Organization produces a powerful employer brand. The study has important consequences for participants who work in the textile industry. It is recommended that RL be utilized to support LOs in organizations. Additionally, this would help the textile sector build a solid employment brand. Keywords Total quality management, Employer branding, Learning organization, Intrapreneurship, Knowledge management, Resonant leadership

The Contribution of Film to Country History Awareness A Study of Audience Perceptions on Rwanda. []


This study aimed to explore the contribution of historical films to country history awareness. A mixed-methods approach was used, including content analysis of historical films, a survey of film audiences, and interviews with historical filmmakers. The study focused on the accuracy of historical depictions in films, the impact of films on audience awareness and understanding of history, and the motivations and challenges faced by filmmakers in producing historical films. The findings revealed that historical films have the potential to promote country history awareness by accurately depicting historical events and figures, and by engaging audiences with the complexities and nuances of history. However, the study also found that historical films often take creative liberties in their depictions, and that audience perceptions of accuracy can be influenced by their pre-existing knowledge and biases. Moreover, filmmakers face challenges in accurately depicting historical events while also balancing the need for artistic expression and commercial success. Based on these findings, the study recommends that historical filmmakers prioritize accuracy and engagement in their depictions of history, and that film audiences approach historical films with a critical and informed perspective. The study also highlights the importance of continued support and resources for historical filmmakers, particularly in regions where funding and resources for filmmaking remain limited. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential and challenges of using film as a tool for promoting country history awareness and contributes to broader discussions about the role of art in social and political discourse.

Situation of women and marginalized groups’ representation in the elected institutions in Nepal: Analysis of Federal and Provincial Election 2022 []


The legislative bodies are the key decision making bodies for the democratic countries. They are normally formed through election process. After Nepal after changed into a federal structure from unitary system, two elections have been held in 2017 and 2022 for the federal and provincial legislatives. The constitution of Nepal 2015 is based on the spirit of inclusive governance. This has been included in the in the constitution and changed political system and structures of Nepal. Along with such changes, the expectation of women and underrepresented groups has been increased for their increased representation in the decision making levels. This article is based on analysis of secondary data and desk review and aims to analyze the result of election of 2022 held for the House of Representatives at the federal level and Provincial Assemblies’ members, from gender equality and social inclusion perspectives. The findings show, the representation of women and marginalized groups has increased significantly in the federal system compared to the centralized unitary system of governance. The reservation and proportionate representation electoral system are playing a significant role to increase it. However, it is not that extend to the demand of women and marginal groups’ movement. Compared to the election of 2017, the representation of women has been increased by 1.96 percent in the Provincial Assembly but decreased by 1.53 percent in the House of Representatives. Likewise, the representation of Madhesi and Dalits has decreased by about 1 and 1.18 percent in the HoR and decreased by 2.73 and 0.46 percent respectively for Madhesi and Dalits in the provincial assembly in 2022 compare to 2017. The conclusion of this analysis would be useful for law makers, implementers and the organizations representing women and marginalized groups for their evidence based advocacy efforts.

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION: A METACOGNITIVE APPROACH IN IMPROVING TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE []


This qualitative study sought to understand how teachers and school administrators experienced instructional supervision as a metacognitive strategy for enhancing teachers' competence. It used grounded theory research to better understand and ascertain what occurs in the classrooms when instructional supervision is implemented. The most important details are the experiences of principals and teachers on the implementation of Individualized Support (IS). Principals provided TA to teachers through focused group discussions, workshops, coaching, and mentoring, as well as quality-checked and assured teacher-made assessments and ongoing monitoring. Observations of teachers on Instructional Supervision were effective, helpful, interesting, and commendable. The Instructional Supervisory Framework (ISF) was used to improve teachers' classroom management, teaching-learning resources, and lesson delivery. KEYWORDS: INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION, METACOGNITIVE APPROACH, TEACHERS' COMPETENCE

Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions of Senior Citizens in Koronadal City, South Cotabato []


The COVID-19 pandemic had significant health, economic, and societal ramifications. Due to disruptions in health service delivery and normal vaccines, the pandemic is likely to have increased fatalities from other causes. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the COVID-19 vaccination decisions of senior citizens during the pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative research design through a printed questionnaire and the data gathered was analyzed using the chi-square test. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to assess factors affecting the COVID-19 vaccination decisions and Chi-square test to check the significant relationship between demographic profile and factors affecting the COVID-19 vaccination decisions of respondents. Results showed that most of the respondents trust the health institutions regarding the COVID-19 vaccination decisions having a mean of 3.32. While the least number of respondents do not rely on the possible side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine having a mean of 2.03 among the four factors. In terms of the other factors, health issues and communication and media have almost the same result having a mean of 2.75 and 2.74. Some of these factors have low to moderate influence on the decisions with a mean value of 2.03-3.32. It was also found out that the health status, trust in health institutions, possible side effects, and communication and media may moderately affect the decisions of the respondents. The findings revealed that there are low levels of readiness to receive COVID-19 immunizations indicating significant levels of possible vaccine reluctance. The hesitation was related to a range of demographic profile and factors, including gender, educational attainment, marital status, information sources about the COVID-19 vaccine, and the type of booster shot. To enhance vaccine uptake, these features should be viewed as a vital component of the COVID-19 immunization marketing effort. Keywords: COVID-19, senior citizens, vaccination decisions

Phenomenological Research Study []


The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the hospitalization and death of millions of people. It triggered a rapid paradigm shift in people's life, resulting in stressful and overwhelming challenges. Thus, this qualitative study was conducted to deeply understand and describe the lived experiences of ten COVID-19 adult survivors who were confined in the hospital for several weeks. This study used method of analysis derived from Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. Participants were chosen using snowball sampling, as well as in-depth interviews. There were three research questions that were extracted from lived experiences of COVID-19 adult survivors throughout the disease crisis. Seven major themes emerged from the data analysis of the transcribed verbatim responses using thematic approach. Participants faced mental exhaustion due to prejudice, medical costs, and separation, but were grateful for the help of hospital front liners who were truly committed on their sworn duty despite heightened personal risks. Discrimination and lack of availability or enough resources had been the main causes of the COVID-19 problem's ongoing rise which has brought about a significant change in deeply rooted care habits in the life of Filipinos. Consequently, the most effective intervention to combat this problem is for the government to strengthen discrimination laws and increase health-related services to affected citizens.

Kahandaan ng Guro sa Pagtuturo ng Asignaturang Filipino sa Antas Sekondarya []


Abstrak Ang pag-aaral na ito ay tumatalakay sa kahandaan ng guro sa pagtuturo ng asignaturang Filipino sa antas sekondarya. Ito ay isinagawa upang masukat ang kahandaan sa kahusayan at kasanayang pampropesyunal at mga suliranin na kinakaharap ng mga guro sa kanilang pagtuturo. Gumamit ang mananaliksik ng Quantitative na disenyo upang masukat ang resulta ng pag-aaral sa mga nakalap na impormasyon, mula sa sariling pananaw ng mga guro sa kanilang kahandaan sa pagtuturo gamit ang talatanungang papel. Ginamit din ang Qualitative na disenyo sa pagsukat ng mga impormasyon na nagmula sa resulta ng obserbasyon ng mananaliksik at punong-guro, gamit ang kaparehong talatanungan tungkol sa kahandaan ng mga guro sa kanilang pagtuturo. Ang talatanungan sa unang bahagi ay tungkol sa profayl ng respondente. Ang ikalawang bahagi ay binubuo ng 65 aytems ng mga kahandaan sa pagtuturo, na siya ring ginamit sa isinagawang obserbasyon ng mananaliksik at punong-guro sa aktwal na pagtuturo ng mga guro sa Filipino. Sa ikatlong bahagi ay binubuo ng 10 aytems tungkol sa mga suliraning kinakaharap ng mga gurong nagtuturo ng Filipino. Ang mga respondente ng pag-aaral ay ang mga guro na nagtuturo ng Filipino sa sekondarya sa dibisyon ng Maguindanao II. Nalaman sa pag-aaral na ang profayl ng mga guro ay may kaugnayan sa kanilang kahandaan sa pagtuturo. Ang mga guro ay handa sa pagtuturo, subalit may kakulangan sa kasanayan at katatasan sa paggamit at pagsasalita ng wika. Ito ang nakikitang dahilan ng mababang resulta ng pambansang pagsusulit o NAT sa ARMM. Natuklasan din na ang pagiging regular sa pagtuturo ay isang motibasyon sa mga guro sa kanilang pagtuturo. Keywords: kahandaan, kahusayan, kasanayang pampropesyunal, at mga suliraning kinakaharap ng mga guro sa pagtuturo.

"Real-time crop health monitoring and disease diagnosis using wireless sensor network in precision agriculture" []


For thousands of years, Agriculture has been one of the humankind’s core activities, and inventors and innovators have been striving to improve farming practices in order to reduce input costs, maximize yields, and safeguard the environment. The major issues facing agriculture today are outdated farming techniques, soil erosion, water scarcity, climate change, and a lack of irrigation. Despite the advances in technology in other sectors, agriculture has lagged behind due to the technical difficulties that arise when farmers are not familiar with the technology. Over-farming and mass urbanization can lead to soil erosion, which reduces the fertility of the soil and, in turn, the productivity of crops. In arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity is a major problem, with farmers having to limit their water usage, thus impacting crop production. Climate change is another major issue that has a significant effect on agriculture, with extreme temperatures or sudden rainfalls potentially reducing crop productivity. Lastly, the lack of irrigation is largely dependent on the climate.

"Intelligent pest management in greenhouse agriculture using wireless automated sensing system" []


Greenhouse agriculture has become an essential technique for growing crops in a controlled environment with optimal temperature, humidity, and light conditions. However, managing pests in such a setting can be challenging, and traditional methods such as pesticides can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. To address this problem, a wireless automated sensing system can be used for intelligent pest management in greenhouse agriculture. This proposal discusses the use of wireless sensors, data analysis, and algorithms for pest detection and management, as well as the benefits and limitations of this approach.

Negative Representation of Women in Some Selected Arabic Stories []


Abstract This study investigates women's negative representation in four short stories written by Arab authors. This combination of stories is examined in light of the theory of French liberal feminism by Simone de Beauvoir - a French feminist. It offers an insight into how societies in these stories have never accepted women who used to be treated differently than men. Due to this discrimination, men participate in all walks of life. Women have largely remained prevented from influential contributions, for they, in these stories, symbolize inadequacy, dependence, maternity and shame bearer as if they were everything except humans. This phenomenon has appeared under feminism. The data of this paper were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach the process of using current and historical data to identify trends and relationships. The study opens with a portrayal that explores the movement of persecution and its relationship with culture. Findings showed how this has driven the female character to live under some adverse psychological effects and indicates two external factors that reinforce violence against women.

ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFT SKILLS ON PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS. THE CASE OF PROJECTS UNDER INYANGE INDUSTRIES LTD KIGALI- RWANDA []


The term soft skills are traditionally used to describe interpersonal and subjective skills such as leadership, communication, and emotional intelligence. This research explains the importance of soft skills towards project performance, their relation to project management, project management education, and the highlighted differences between a transactional leader and a transformational leader (Hannah Adams, 2016). Rwanda like any other developing country has various projects and organizations that are either being created or continue to look for ways to sustain their existence by improving their performance. Some of these projects and organization fail while others succeed but the truth remains that many of them have discovered that the better way to stand the dynamic global challenges is to operate under project management scheme (Hannah Adams, 2016). The purpose of conducting this research was thus to study the effect of project management soft skills on project performance. The researcher used a correlational design which was complemented by the case study. The sample size was 87 respondents who were selected by purposive and convenience sampling techniques. However, 71 respondents were able to provide the data. These included 8 project managers and 63 project staff. The structured questionnaire formulated on a five-point lickert scale was used for data collection while methods of analysis include descriptive statistics, correlation and regression. The first hypothesis (H01) states that communication skills have no effect on project performance in Inyange Industries Ltd. However, findings show that communication skills have statistically significant effect on project performance (β=.333, p<.05). Therefore, this research fails to accept the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis (H02) states that Leadership skills have no effect on project performance in Inyange Industries Ltd. However, findings show that leadership skills have a statistically significant effect (β=.399, p<.05) on project performance in Inyange Industries Ltd. The research therefore fails to accept the second hypothesis. The third hypothesis (H03) states that team building skills have no significant effect on project performance in Inyange Industries Ltd. This is supported by the regression coefficients and the probability value (β=.019, p>.05) which showed that team building skills have no statistically significant effect on project performance in Inyange Industries Ltd. The research therefore fails to reject the third hypothesis.

Impact assessment of additional support in cash or in kind on women microenterprises performance in Rwanda: The case of Women for Women Rwanda []


Impact assessment of additional support in cash or in kind on women microenterprises performance in Rwanda: The case of Women for Women Rwanda MBA-PM Jeanne d’Arc MUSABEYEZU Economic Empowerment Officer Women for Women International/ Rwanda-Kigali Email: musaphrj@gmail.com DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS Capacity building projects: Capacity building is the way of the enhancing the personality's or organization's facility to produce, to perform or to deploy, it the process of developing and strengthening the skills, characters, abilities, processes and resources that organizations and communities need to live, familiarize, and thrive in a fast-changing world. The strengthening of a non-profit’s ability to fulfill its mission over time is done by fruitful capacity building, thereby enhancing the nonprofit’s ability to have a positive impact on livelihood and communities. Performance: The way of the action or process to carry out or accomplish a task, an action or a function is used known as the performance . It is the act of performing, execution, accomplishment, fulfillment an operation or functioning, usually with regard to effectiveness, as of a machine. Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the ability and willingness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make an income. The entrepreneurship example is about to start of new businesses. Also, the economic value extraction or creation is related to entrepreneurship. According to this meaning, entrepreneurship is observed as change, mostly involving risk beyond what is usually run into in opening a business, which may cover other values than just economic ones. Women micro enterprises: A woman who is able to own and control an entity and capable to have 51 % as minimum financial interests of the capital and to give at least 51% employment generated to women is called women micro enterprise, in other words, women who revolutionize, initiate or adopt business actively are called women entrepreneurs. Additional support in cash or in kind: It is about any assistance in money or in toolkit like equipment ( machine for example) land, house, or materials, that are given to individuals or groups of people that can help them to expand or implement their businesses. Abstract Purpose: The major aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the additional support in cash or in kind on women microenterprises in Rwanda: the case study of Women for Women Rwanda. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on quantitative and qualitative design trough questionnaires. Data was gathered from 293 respondents selected from 35 women microenterprises in 7 districts Where Women for Women Rwanda is implementing its projects. SPSS was used to analyze the data gathered. Findings: The paper reveal that the additional support in cash or in hand has a strong significance on women microenterprises performance and increases the growth of microenterprise especially in assets and in being more expanded. The conclusion of the study includes the need of budget allocation from stakeholders and government to support the women microenterprises growth considering that their major challenge is about lack of capital to perform their businesses. Research limitations/implications – Since the research context of one stakeholder , the generalization of the findings may need to be interpreted with attentiveness. Though, the paper finds evidence of most of these results in other studies on other backgrounds. Practical implications – This paper suggests that the lack of access to capital for women microenterprises limits them to participate actively in economic growth of the countries. Such problem is resolved by the additional support either in cash or in kind to them that can allow them to grow their businesses. Originality/value – Previous research in accessing to capital seem to have paid limited consideration to examine on how microenterprises received the additional support for increasing their capital are performing especially the ones for women.

Social Stigma and Associated Discriminations Thalassemia Patients Endure: A Qualitative Study in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka []


This study aims to focus and find out the social condition of thalassemia patients. More specifically to know about the stigma and social discrimination thalassemia patients face and endure in their life time. Bangladesh has a significant level of thalassemia patients and the quantity is increasing day by day due to the lack of knowledge and awareness among people. Social dogmas, religious superstition, ignorance of premarital screening tests have been increasing the amount of thalassemia patients in upcoming days. Despite its location in the world's thalassemia belt, Bangladesh has little knowledge on the disease. Furthermore, there is a remarkable lack of knowledge of this life-threatening yet potentially treatable condition. However, raising public knowledge is critical to developing an effective prevention approach. But as our local community is not still aware enough of thalassemia and their life style sometime they intentionally or unintentionally do stigmatize the thalassemia patients. This paper seeks to explore the social stigma thalassemia patients’ endure. For collecting data interview session took place with structured questionnaire developed on the basis of research objectives and research questions, simple random sampling method has been used to conduct the study, face to face interview of respondents 40 was held among them 23 were male respondents and 10 were female respondents and 7 parent respondents were selected on behalf of kids below age 10.The study findings shows that lack of disease consciousness and governmental initiatives to increase general awareness is contributing in stigma formation .

Song Recommendation Based on Facial Expression []


A user's facial expressions can reveal his or her level of emotion. These expressions can be obtained from the system's camera's live feed. In the area of computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML), a lot of research is being done to train machines to recognize different human emotions or moods. Machine learning offers a variety of methods for detecting human emotions.

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INQUIRY ON TEACHERS TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN DISTANCE LEARNING []


. This qualitative research used a phenomenological research design to document the lived experiences of mathematics teachers who employed modular distance learning. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 teachers and focus group discussions to seek in-depth information. Phenomenology is looking into the 'lived experiences of the participants and aims to examine how and why participants behaved a certain way. To conduct a qualitative method of research, the researcher must consider the questions based on the statement of the problem, set the most convenient time and place for the discussion, prepare materials needed, assign a secretary and assistant to record the discussion, make an introduction, ask questions in such a way that they understand it, make sure it's open-ended, encourage more answers, prepare and organize the data, develop a data coding system, assign codes to the data, identify recurring themes, and link codes together into cohesive, overarching themes. This study found that modular distance learning (MDL) is the most appropriate instructional modality during the pandemic, but that teachers face personal difficulties such as stress, health problems, and social interaction with others. Teachers have adapted by extending their working hours, using patience, open-mindedness, and gratefulness, following safety protocols, simplifying modules and instructions, being adaptive in terms of technology, and using varied strategies to develop effective learning. They also use their own money to buy materials and communicate with parents and ask for help.