Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study evaluates the knowledge of a police officer on cyber technology and its impact on investigating cybercrime in the northeast police commands of Nigeria. The study adopted a simple survey design. A review of related literature to the study was carried out. Data collected and collated were based on a set of Scales in the Questionnaire Cybercrime Related Scales (QCRS) consisting of twenty (20) items and were administered to police Command/Barracks across the Zone; three Police Barrack from each of the States, making a total of eighteen (18) Barracks with a sample size of 500 police officers. These instruments were validated and found to be reliable at 0.87 and 0.91 respectively. One research question and hypothesis were generated and tested at a 0.05 significant level. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and correlation Statistical Methods through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Software package. The null hypothesis was upheld and the alternative was rejected. Findings revealed that there is no significant variation in the knowledge of these terminologies in cybercrime among police officers on the impact of cybercrime investigation across the Northeast states of Nigeria Police commands; Hence from the findings made, the researcher concluded and made useful recommendations hopes if adhere to, will help to reduce and enhance the combat of cybercrime in the northeast zone of Nigeria.
Cybercrime is a menace that should be eradicated or reduced to a very minimal level for our great nation to break even. This study titled, Variation in the understanding of cybercrime terminologies and new technology and its impact on investigating cybercrime in Northeast Police commands, examined the extent to which understanding new technologies varies across the northeast zone and how such variations impact cybercrime investigation. Survey research methods were used while Data collected were based on a set of Scales in the Questionnaire Cybercrime - Related Scales (QCRS) consisting of twenty (20) items and were administered to police Command across the Zone with a sample of 500 police. The instruments were found to be reliable at 0.87 and 0.91 respectively while two hypotheses were generated and tested at a 0.05 significant level. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, regression, and Spearman rank correlation Statistical method through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 to test for the relationship between the dependent and independent variables at level p < 0.05 considered as the cut-off value for significance. The finding indicates that there is no significant relationship between the understanding of Cybercrime terminologies, new technology, and investigating cybercrimes across the Northeast region of Nigeria Police commands. It is recommended among others that; there is a need for training and re-training of police personnel to equip them with the knowledge of tracking cybercrime, a proactive strategy for cybercrime prevention, prosecution, and adjudication by Nigerian law officers.
Centralization, the concentration of decision-making authority within higher echelons of an organization, influences knowledge sharing processes. This study explores the relationship between centralization and knowledge sharing in Kenyan universities. It examines how organizational structure affects interactions, communication patterns, and innovative practices. Centralization's impact on participation in decision-making processes, information flow, and power distribution is assessed. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a descriptive research design and quantitative analysis. Findings highlight the substantial influence of centralization on knowledge sharing. Statistical tests confirm positive correlations between centralization and knowledge sharing. Surprisingly, heightened centralization seems to enhance knowledge sharing within this context. Recommendations include fostering transparent knowledge exchange, recognizing contributions, and judiciously managing centralization for effective knowledge dissemination.
This research work focused on the numerical methods involved in solving boundary value problems. We employed finite difference method and shooting method to solve boundary value problems. We equally implemented the numerical methods in MATLAB through two illustrative examples. The results show that each of the two numerical methods employed is suitable for solving linear boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations.
ChatGPT is a powerful and complex natural language processing (NLP) system that can produce text that sounds like human speech in a variety of situations. It has been widely used in various fields, such as medicine, education, finance, and so on. This paper will provide an overview of ChatGPT's benefits, and securities. It will also provide a general overview of the various security threats that still exist in low- and middle-income countries, including the generation of malicious text and code, the exposure of personal information, scam services, information collection, and the creation of immoral material.
Increased urbanization and agricultural activities have a potential for trace metal contamination, therefore the trace metal evaluation of groundwater in Nkongsamba is very important. This study investigated the trace metal content of groundwater sources; determined the health hazard and pollution risk indices; assessed the health hazard and level of risk to trace metal pollution in Nkongsamba. Measurement of 153 hand-dug wells for physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolve solids) and chemical analysis of 10 representative groundwater samples was carried out to determine their trace metal content using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy ICP-MS. R-mode statistical analysis; Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis (PCA) of the trace metals to the physicochemical parameters was done. Four pollution hazards were estimated; the average daily dose ADD, carcinogenic risks CR, non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient HQ and hazard index HI. Six pollution risks indices were determined: the Degree of contamination DC, Enrichment factor EF, Ecological risk factor Er, Ecological risk index RI, Pollution load index PLI, and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The trace metals detected in groundwater in Nkongsamba and their relative abundance in decreasing order is: Ba > Fe > Zn > Mn > Sr > Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Li > Cd > V. HCA distinguishes trace metals into two clusters: Cluster 1 was divided in to two classes; class one (01) element Ba; soluble and class two (4) elements Mn, Sr, Zn, and Fe; enriched. Cluster 2; (9) elements V, Cd, Li, As, Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, and Ni; non soluble. The values of groundwater pollution hazard indices ranged; ADD (3.14286x10-07 to 0.0214971 mg/kg/day), CR (3.7714x10-05 to 0.013728), HQ (4.4898x10-05 to 0.588163265) and HI (0.001445 to 0.021261). The values of the pollution risk indices are DC (1.29 to 18.82), EF (0.002 to 2.61), Er (0.012 to 13.817), RI (1.767 to 26.753), PLI (0.0118 to 0.0942) and Igeo (-14.87 to 2.70). The health risk assessment qualified groundwater in Nkongsamba as unsafe and intolerable for human consumption but without carcinogenic effects. Very strong correlations were observed among some of the trace element pairs, suggesting common sources, mutual dependence and identical behaviour from provenance and during transport. These low trends might not guarantee human health due to an increasing level of environmental pollution that might be imposed by increasing human activity in Nkongsamba causing contamination of the groundwater; this demand for monitoring of groundwater sources for drinking purposes. Keywords: Trace-Elements-Evaluation, Health-Risks-Assessment, Pollution-Indices, Nkongsamba -Cameroon.
Background: Caesarean section (CS) is increasingly being preferred to vaginal delivery in Cameroon despite the alert of WHO in 2015. Compared to vaginal delivery, CS is associated to increase rates of maternal complications like surgical site infections (SSI). Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections after CS have been described in international literature and some peripheral hospitals in Cameroon but little is known on these in the referral hospitals. Objectives: to determine the incidence and risk factors of SSI in two referral hospitals in Douala, Cameroon Methods: A prospective study enrolling a cohort of patients who underwent CS from February, 01 to July 31, 2022 was conducted. Socio-demographic, obstetrical and management information were recorded using a standardized form. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to determine associations between factors and occurrence of SSI. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 444 Women were enrolled in our study and 45 presented SSI, making an incidence of 10.13%. The incidence of SSI was 6.45% in Douala Gynaeco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital and 11.11% in Laquintinie. After bivariate analysis, obesity, pre-surgical anemia, diabetes and Blood transfusion were associated to SSI. The same factors were confirmed as predictors of SSI after multivariate analysis: Obesity (aOR=5.9, p=0.032), pre-surgical anemia (aOR=4.7, p=0.03), diabetes (aOR=15.7, p=0.013) blood transfusion: aOR=0.05, p=0.013) Conclusion. SSI is high in in two referral hospitals in Douala. Risk factors include pre-surgical Anaemia, Diabetes, obesity and blood transfusion. Key words: Surgical site infection, Caesarean section, Referral hospital, incidence, risk factors
The study aimed to assess the level of awareness and satisfaction of respondents on the martial law implementation in Maguindanao. The four specific questions were answered:1. What is the profile of the Residents in terms of: age, sex, and educational attainment? 2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in terms: scope and limitation of martial law, implementing guidelines on martial law and rights of individual under martial law?3. What is the level of satisfaction of respondents in the implementation of martial law in terms of Visibility of security measure, and professionalism among law enforcers? Lastly, 4. What are the problems encountered during implementation of martial law? The study used descriptive evaluative research methods; under these methods the quantitative mode of inquiry was employed. Quantitative data were obtained from the one hundred 100 residents of Maguindanao. Forty (40) respondents were taken from Talayan, 30 respondents were taken from Guindulungan, and 30 respondents were taken from Talitay. The respondents were asked to answer survey questionnaires on the level of awareness and satisfaction on the implementation of Martial law. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that the respondents were moderately aware about martial law, and they were very satisfactory with its implementation. The following are recommended based on the findings and conclusions of the study: 1.The Government must conduct advocacies on martial law both in rural and urban areas before declaring it; 2.The Law enforcers as a policy implementers are must undergo seminars and trainings on military professionalism specially during the on times of emergency situation; 3.The OPAPP must conduct advocacies and campaign on the scope and limitation and implementing guidelines on Martial law implementation; and 4.The Commission on Human Rights must conduct seminars and trainings on the basic rights of individuals/constituents. Keywords: Implementation, Martial Law, Maguindanao Province, Philippines
This study aimed to determine the administrative practices and the quality-of-service delivery in Cotabato Regional and Medical Center, Philippines. The study was a descriptive correlation utilizing a researcher-made questionnaire administered to 100 respondents using purposive sampling, employing mean and Pearson-r. The findings revealed that the administrative practices of Cotabato Regional and Medical Center in terms of physical resource development was interpreted as high. The human resource management, technical resource development, and financial resource management were all interpreted as moderate. The quality-of-service delivery of Cotabato Regional and Medical Center in the out-patient department and in the in-patient department (3.00) were both interpreted as satisfactory. The correlational analysis between the administrative practices and the quality-of-service delivery in Cotabato Regional and Medical Center revealed a significant relationship, thus the null hypothesis is rejected. The study concludes that the Cotabato Regional and Medical Center had administrative practices in managing the human, physical, technical and financial aspects of operations which contributed to good quality of service delivery. The study recommends for increasing support towards better resource development and service delivery. Keywords— Social Science, Public Administration, administrative practices, quality-of-service, descriptive correlation, Philippines
The invention relates to a system for verifying the authenticity of medicament entitlement tokens, such as prescriptions , used to control the dispensing of medicaments. The system comprises a network connecting at least one token provider terminal,a system server and a verification terminal . The token provider terminal is operable to provide a signature from a speckle pattern derived from a medicament entitlement token that can be stored by the server system . The verification terminal can then be operated remotely to recreate the signature in order to verify the authenticity of the medicament entitlement token by comparing it to stored signatures. The system relies upon the intrinsic physical properties of the medicament entitlement token to generate a unique signature for each token that is produced.
Dr. Iqbal is known as Poet of the East and great philosopher. After the fall of Ottoman Empire, he was deeply grieved and he tried to awaken the Muslims. His poetry revolves around re-uniting Muslim world. He earned great place in Pakistani hearts. He is our National hero. This article will encompass and highlight his efforts for Muslim world re-unification.
Résumé : Relever les défis du développement exige souvent l’intervention de plusieurs secteurs. La multisectoralité dans la gestion des problèmes est une approche systémique. Nous passons en revue les principes et les conditions de mise en œuvre du concept, tout en dégageant l’épistémologie d’une approche communicative multisectorielle devant accompagner la multisectoralité. Ainsi, le problème que cet article veut résoudre est la nécessité d’une communication multisectorielle dans la mise en œuvre de la multisectoralité. Il donne une réponse aux interrogations portant sur les principes de l’approche multisectorielle et celle de la communication multisectorielle. L’intérêt de l’article réside dans la mise en relief de la multisectoralité et la communication multisectorielle dans la résolution des problèmes pour un développement durable. Les éléments fondamentaux de la communication multisectorielle constituent le message unitaire, que chaque secteur diffuse, à travers l’interdisciplinarité du message et la polyvalence du communicateur. Par cette tentative épistémologique de l’approche communicative multisectorielle, cet article enrichit la littérature de la communication pour le développement et ouvre la voie à d’autres réflexions afin de mieux asseoir les bases de la communication multisectorielle. L’article est une analyse théorique s’appuyant sur la conception de la multisectoralité tant revendiquée face aux problèmes sanitaires. Mots-clés : Epistémologie, Multisectoralité, Communication multisectorielle, approche, développement.
. Owing to issues of food security and unmitigated shortages in food produce, automated plant detection systems have been proposed as a panacea that allows for early identification and diagnosis. By reviewing the literature on this subject as well as experiences of image acquisition in yam fields in Otuocha, Anambra State, Nigeria, we were able to generate several challenges that plague the computer vision enthusiast, who may wish to alleviate the manual and time consuming process of early disease identification and remediation faced by farmers in Africa. In this paper, a survey of plant disease detection work on the continent was presented. Several challenges identified include skepticism on the part of growers, experts’ unwillingness for accurate labeling, the absence of sophisticated capturing devices, the risks associated with encountering the murderous, mirthless Fulani herdsmen, a lack of funds, and the difficulty attendant to capturing images on the vine. We hope the study will help prepare the minds of enthusiasts and potential researchers in this clime. Keywords: Image acquisition, Plant Disease, Computer Vision, Machine learning, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning
Every society's agricultural sector has long been harmed by the widespread crop diseases and mite damage. The following claim based on this premise: "Faster and an accurate prediction of leaf diseases in crops could enable to design an early treatment strategy while significantly lowering economic losses. Researchers have been able to significantly increase the performance and accuracy of object identification and recognition systems thanks to recent advances in deep learning (DL). In this study, a DL approach for spotting illnesses on various plants' leaves is devised. The main goal is to identify the most effective DL strategy for the aforementioned goal. However, this study did not clearly identify the disease's cause or sources, only that the leaves. The bacterial leaf blight and yam stem, among many other illnesses, are depicted among the photographs of leaves in the publication. Furthermore, three main forms of detectors—Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD), Region-based Fully Convolutional Network (R-FCN), and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network—are taken into account. The CNN architectures Inception v3, ResNet, AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, and GoogLeNet are used to implement Transfer Learning (TL). The created automatic detection system can recognize a wide range of Yam disorders and can also handle the difficulties associated with agricultural situations. This assertion is largely false because we are unable to locate actual findings (with visualizations) of tests using the families of detectors used in the research. Various data indicate some Keywords: CNN, Deep Learning, machine learning, Yam
The study determined the food security status and analyzed the influence of the National Special Programme on Food security (NSPFS) on the food security status of rural households in North-central Nigeria. Multistage sampling techniques were used. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using Foster, Greer, and thorbecke index (food expenditure approach) and probit model. The mean age of the participants and non-participants were 43 years and 47 years respectively. The majority of the participants (95%) and non-participants (87%) were male and married. The average household size of the participants was 8.14 and 5.51 for non-participants. The result of the probit model analysis showed that non-farm income (P<0.01), Farming experience (P<0.05), participation (P< 0.01) and household size (p< 0.01) were significant factors affecting the food security status in the study area. The severity of food insecurity among the participants of NSPFS was 0.05 for participants and 0.07 for non-participants. In conclusion, participation in NSPFS had a positive and significant influence on food security. Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to participant in more agricultural development projects to improve the level of food security in Nigeria.
The study was carried to assess effect of hydro priming on the germination rate of Jatropha curcas. L. The study was carried out at the Horticultural Garden, Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was 2 x 4 factorial experiment in a complete randomized design in four replicates, cracked and uncracked seed were subjected to four different temperatures of distilled water prepared at 00C, 250C 40oC and 80oC. The seeds were socked for 16hrs in 500ml of distilled water. The growth and yield parameters were taken and recorded daily and weekly, while numbers of seedling emergence were recorded daily, seedling length and number of leaves per plant was recorded daily, seedling length and number of leave per plant was recorded weekly. The collected data were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability. The result showed that scarification and priming temperature did not have significant effect on seedling emergence even though uncracked seeds had higher germination percent at 6, 7, 10 and 11 days after sowing (DAS), However the cracked seed at the peak of germination of Jatropha seeds at 12 DAS had higher germination of emerged seedlings than cracked seeds. Similarly seed primed at 250C significantly had higher seedling emergence than other priming temperature, while other temperature regimes had similar expression. Hence, cracking of Jatropha curcas seeds subjected to 250C priming could help to improve the germination of Jatropha curcas.
This study aims to find out, test, and analyze (1) The effect of integrated marketing communication on the brand image at Beauty Kendari. (2) The effect of integrated marketing communication on purchasing decisions at Beauty Kendari. (3) The effect of brand image on purchasing decisions at Beauty Kendari. (4) The role of brand image in mediating integrated marketing communication on purchasing decisions. The research design is explanatory research. The population of this study was all Beauty Kendari customers who shop at the store in 2021. The research sample used an accidental sampling technique, totaling 100 people. Data collection used a questionnaire. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) program. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Integrated marketing communication has a positive and significant effect on the brand image at Beauty Kendari. The better the integrated marketing communication, the brand image will increase. (2) Integrated marketing communication has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at Beauty Kendari. The better the integrated marketing communication, the more purchasing decisions will be made. (3) Brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at Beauty Kendari. The better the brand image, the higher the purchasing decision. (4) Brand image plays a mediating role between integrated marketing communication on purchasing decisions.
This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of leadership, the influence of competence, and the influence of job placement on member performance, leadership on member performance, competence on member performance, and work placement on member performance. The data analysis method used is the quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis tools, and the test tools used are the F test and t test. The samples taken in this study amounted to 53 people. Testing research instruments using validity and reliability tests. The research results found that leadership, competence, and work placement have a positive and significant impact on Member performance. Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Member performance. Competence has a positive and not significant effect on Member performance. Work placement has a positive and significant effect on Member performance.
This study explores the process of police reforms in Kenya, spanning from 1895 to the present day. It is noted that the inaugural police station in Kenya was founded in Mombasa in 1896, a year subsequent to the proclamation of the Protectorate. Subsequently, a contemporary police force was established in 1920 with the primary objective of ensuring security. Consequently, the police force was predominantly employed as a "punitive citizen containment squad." The colonial era established the groundwork for the establishment of the police force, and many aims from that period persisted in Kenya during subsequent periods. The Kenyan police force has undergone certain modifications in its structure and efficacy. Nevertheless, further substantial reforms are required, together with the enhancement of the legislation governing these improvements, in order to achieve greater effectiveness. The absence of substantial advancements in implementing the reform agenda gives rise to the potential for infringements of human rights and hampers the police force's capacity to address such violations in an equitable and efficient manner. The primary aim of this research study is to analyze the characteristics of policing and the process of reform in Kenya throughout the colonial era, spanning from 1887 to 1963. The study utilized Lewin's three-step transition model as the conceptual framework for interpreting the data. The approach employed in this study was grounded in a historical research strategy. The research primarily centered on conducting interviews with law enforcement personnel operating inside Kisumu County. Interviews were conducted with officers of various ranks, encompassing both senior and subordinate positions. The researchers employed snowball and intentional sampling strategies in order to select the participants for the study. The outcomes of this study can be utilized by scholars to further their investigations and gain deeper insights into the development of the police force in the colonial era, with the aim of proposing essential reforms in Kenya. Policy makers have the potential to employ the gathered information in order to enhance service delivery within the police force, while also addressing challenges such as corruption, low morale, and insufficient housing provisions for police personnel.
Les changements climatiques constituent un fléau pour le sahel et particulièrement pour le Mali. Ils déclenchent ou aggravent les aléas climatiques. Ainsi, cette recherche porte sur l’analyse des impacts des changements climatiques sur l’agriculture dans le cercle de Diéma. Pour ce faire, une démarche méthodologique mixte a été utilisée Impliquant la collecte des données quantitatives et qualitatives. Les résultats montrent que les changements climatiques impactent négativement l'agriculture dans le cercle de Diéma. Ces impacts néfastes émanent des aléas climatiques comme les sécheresses, les inondations, les vents violents et les fortes chaleurs. Ainsi, pour 58,6 % des chefs d’UPA enquêtés les sécheresses ont des impacts forts sur la production agricole, pour 68,1 % des chefs d’UPA interrogés les inondations ont impacts moyens sur l'agriculture, pour 69,3 % des chefs d’UPA enquêtés les impacts des vents sont forts sur l'agriculture et pour 54 % des chefs d’UPA enquêtés les fortes chaleurs ont des impacts moyens sur l'agriculture. Ces impacts néfastes des changements climatiques rendent les rendements et les productions agricoles aléatoires.
In recent years, the aviation industry in Nigeria has experienced significant growth, leading to the expansion and modernization of airports across the country. However, amidst this progress, one recurring challenge that passengers and airport operators face is the issue of effective wayfinding. In line with its primary objectives, this paper explored the challenges associated with effective wayfinding in Nigerian airports. Wayfinding plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth and efficient navigation for travellers, enhancing their overall airport experience. However, inadequate signage, poor infrastructure, language barriers, and inconsistent layouts pose significant challenges to wayfinding in Nigerian airports. The paper identified these challenges and discussed potential solutions that would improve the wayfinding experience for passengers. A well-designed passenger terminal building helps to ensure that customers' time spent attempting to navigate the airport will be significantly cut down, boosting efficiency with considerations of improving the design flexibility and adaptability. Conclusively, the overarching recommendation the paper made is the need for constant adaptation to changes in terminal design, technology, and passenger preferences (both globally and locally) in the initiatives aimed at enhancing wayfinding in Nigerian airports. Apt and up-to-date design principles for airport terminal wayfinding will help to maximize the relative goals of all stakeholders involved.
This study investigates the impact of organization and leadership on worker productivity in a Makassar City consulting firm. In the contemporary business landscape, human resources play a pivotal role in achieving organizational objectives. Employee productivity is a cornerstone of company success, with organizational culture and leadership style known to exert significant influence. Despite limited research on consulting service firms, this study seeks to address this gap. Field research involved three Makassar City consulting companies, utilizing questionnaires distributed to 60 employees and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression in SPSS. The findings reveal a positive and significant correlation between organization and worker productivity, with organizational components, especially innovation and risk-taking indicators, positively impacting productivity. However, leadership does not significantly affect worker productivity within consulting firms in Makassar City. In summary, organization plays a crucial role in enhancing worker productivity in consulting service firms. Consequently, monitoring and evaluation within these organizations can help employees identify productivity obstacles and drive improvements. These results underscore the importance of an innovative and supportive organizational culture in optimizing worker productivity in the consulting industry.
A review of the Algorithm-based Techniques is very important in the prediction of heart disease given that heart disease is one of the world's most fatal problems, which cannot be seen with the naked eye and manifests itself instantly when its limits are reached, a review of algorithm-based techniques is crucial in the prediction of heart disease. Therefore, it requires a precise diagnosis at a precise moment. Every day, the health care sector generates enormous amounts of data about patients and diseases. However, researchers and practitioners do not effectively utilize this data. The healthcare industry is currently data-rich but knowledge-poor. To effectively extract knowledge from databases and use this knowledge for more precise diagnosis and decision-making, A variety of data mining and machine learning techniques and tools are available. As research on systems for predicting heart disease grows, it is important to review the research, which is still entirely inconclusive. This research paper's main goal is to summarize current studies that have been conducted on a proposed system for predicting heart disease, compare their findings, and draw analytical conclusions. The study shows that Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Trees, and Naive Bayes with Genetic Algorithms are all excellent techniques, but our proposed Computational Value Algorithm increases the accuracy of the heart disease prediction system in various situations. This paper summarizes the complexity of the most popular data mining and machine learning techniques.
The pandemic of COVID ’19 breakout on January 2020 was so significant that it has affected the operations of SMEs both locally and globally. Since then the global economy suffered a big recession and inflation. Many businesses closed and others struggle to survive the pandemic effects. The small and medium enterprises (SME) affects the national economy and play an important role in the countries. The SME in Oman as other countries suffered a lot during the pandemic of COVID 19. This research will investigate on these aspects, the challenges, mitigation measures and how SMEs recovered The lockdown and the government procedures were more concern about people health and lives than the loss of the small businesses and enterprises. This research presented also the framework of innovation management on both organization and individual levels. The discussion will also highlight the importance of economic theory on the role of the SME sector in improving Oman's economy and the traits of an entrepreneur that brought success to Omani businesses. The research used the qualitative research method mainly in gathering and interpreting data. The main sources included different journal articles, newspapers, online databases, and interviews. There were recommendations presented here aiming at improving the growth of the SMEs, among which are the roles of government is providing almost a well-rounded support mechanism to SMEs. Among the recommendations presented include the proposal for the company to invest directly in Omani market and take the advantages offered for the SMEs after the economic enhancement generated after the pandemic of covid – 19. Company can implement this experiment in other city after gaining experience from the first project; and ensure the fair profit margin to be competitive in the market and for company sustainability.
Heavy metal exposure has been linked to several detrimental health outcomes, including cancer, neurotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent research suggests that the sensitivity to heavy metal toxicity may vary by gender. This review summarizes scientific research on sex-specific vulnerability to heavy metal toxicity. Several studies have shown that women may be less likely than men to have cardiovascular illness brought by exposure to heavy metals. This could be partly attributed to estrogen's preventive properties, which have been shown to mitigate the harmful cardiovascular consequences of heavy metal intake. Contrarily, testosterone has been found to negatively affect the cardiovascular system and may make men more susceptible to cardiovascular illness brought by heavy metals. Disparities in heavy metal absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as variances in lifestyle and exposure patterns, may also play a role in sex disparities and vulnerability to heavy metals. The results as a whole point to the possibility that gender variations may significantly affect the susceptibility to heavy metal toxicity, particularly in connection to cardiovascular diseases. To appreciate the underlying mechanisms, develop specific preventive and treatment measures for both men and women, further research is still required.
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