Volume 13, Issue 4, April 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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PRODUCTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF CHIN-CHIN COMPOSITE FLOUR OF MALTED SORGHUM, HIGH QUALITY FLOUR AND EDIBLE INSECT (Cirina forda) POWDER []


Chin-chin produced from composite flours of malted sorghum, high quality cassava flour and edible insects at varying substitutional levels were investigated for quality attributes using standard analytical methods. Selected functional properties showed that oil absorption capacity, water absorption capacity and bulk density ranged from 1.22-1.36g/ml, 1.41-2.01g/ml and 0.51-0.90g/cm3 respectively, indicating their usefulness in food systems. Mineral analysis showed that appreciable amounts of calcium, ranging from 12.62-48.72mg/100g, iron from 4.41-12.51mg/100g, zinc from 2.58-8.64mg/100g, copper from 2.21-8.07mg/100g and magnesium from 164-324mg/100g respectively. Addition of edible insects at varying amounts have led to increase in some of the selected minerals analyzed. The pasting characteristics were also significantly different (p≤0.05) from each other with peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity ranging from 34.75-234RVU, 2.33-264RVU, 6.67-77.17RVU, 1.33-133.33RVU and 19.33-50.61RVU respectively, while the pasting time and temperature varied from 4.07-4.87sec and 73.40-79.070 C. Sensory properties revealed that edible insects can be incorporated into composite flour for the production of snacky food such as chin-chin at 25% level which was rated best in terms of all the quality parameters evaluated.

Evaluation de la qualité de la consultation prénatale au Centre de Santé de Référence de Sélingué, 2023. Assessment of the quality of the prenatal consultation at the Selingue reference health center, 2023. []


Introduction : L'évaluation de la qualité des consultations prénatales est cruciale pour améliorer les résultats de santé maternelle et infantile. La qualité des soins prénatals ne se limite pas à la fréquence des visites, mais inclut également des aspects tels que l'accessibilité, la continuité des soins et l'engagement des femmes dans leur propre prise en charge. Cette étude vise à évaluer la qualité des consultations prénatales au Centre de Santé de Référence de Sélingué en 2023. Méthodes : Une approche qualitative descriptive a été adoptée pour cette étude, impliquant des entretiens semi-structurés avec des femmes enceintes et des prestataires de soins prénatals. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant une méthode d'analyse thématique pour identifier les principaux thèmes liés à la qualité des soins prénatals. Les critères d'évaluation comprennent la structure des soins, les processus cliniques et les processus interpersonnels. Résultats : Les résultats ont révélé que la qualité des soins prénatals était influencée par plusieurs facteurs, notamment l'accessibilité des services, la compétence technique des prestataires, et la relation entre les femmes et leurs prestataires de soins. Les femmes ont exprimé leur satisfaction concernant l'accueil et l'examen physique, mais ont également souligné des lacunes dans le conseil et l'éducation prénatale. Discussion : Les résultats révélant que pour améliorer la qualité des consultations prénatales, il est essentiel de renforcer les processus cliniques et interpersonnels, ainsi que d'améliorer l'accessibilité et la continuité des soins. L'éducation prénatale a été identifiée comme un élément clé pour réduire les plaintes pendant la grossesse et améliorer la qualité de vie des femmes enceintes. Conclusion : L'étude souligne l'importance d'une approche centrale sur la femme et d'une prise de décision partagée pour améliorer la qualité des soins prénatals. Des efforts doivent être faits pour surmonter les obstacles structurels et organisationnels afin de fournir des soins prénatals de haute qualité au Centre de Santé de Référence de Sélingué. Ces améliorations pourraient conduire à de meilleurs résultats de santé pour les mères et les enfants. La qualité de la CPN au CSRéf de Sélingué a été classée niveau III c'est-à-dire moyen. Mots clés : évaluation, qualité, consultation prénatale, CSRéf de Sélingué.

Impact of Withholding Tax Reform on Dividend Policy and Shareholder Value in Nigerian Firms []


This study investigates the impact of withholding tax (WHT) reform on dividend policy and shareholder value among non-financial firms quoted on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) between 2014 and 2023. Drawing from signaling and agency theories, the study adopts a quantitative approach using panel regression and mediation analysis to examine how changes in WHT policy influence corporate financial behavior. The findings reveal that WHT reform significantly and positively affects dividend payout ratios and enhances shareholder value, measured by return on equity (ROE) and earnings per share (EPS). Furthermore, dividend policy is found to mediate the relationship between WHT reform and shareholder value. The study concludes that well-structured tax reforms can promote financial efficiency, improve shareholder confidence, and optimize corporate value. Policy makers are therefore encouraged to adopt tax reforms that balance revenue goals with capital market development. Keywords: Withholding Tax, Dividend Policy, Shareholder Value, Tax Reform, Return on Equity, Earnings per Share, Nigerian Firms

Environmental Kuznets Curve and CO2 Emissions in the Asian Region: A Cross-Country Analysis []


Environmental degradation has globally established its term as an economic concern, the foremost of which is driven by CO2 emissions, prominently in the Asian region due to their varying levels of developmental growth. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory signifies that increases in GDP per capita lead to a reduction in pollutant emissions, guiding policies into establishing regulations that improve aggregate income. Nonetheless, other factors may exist as contributors towards the mitigation of such environmental complications, and various studies have rendered the validity of the EKC insignificant. The study investigates 12 Asian countries in 4 clusters of development, Very High, High, Medium and Low, measured through the Human Development Index (HDI) and examined regarding their conformity to the EKC theory. Regression analysis and statistical hypothesis testing are utilized to empirically determine whether GDP per capita significantly impacts CO2 emissions, and if there exists any plausible clause depending on the stage of development. Results indicated that the Very High and High group were significantly relevant in validating the EKC for every country, despite Singapore’s confliction with multicollinearity, extending weak regressive outcomes. However, the Medium and Low clusters found Nepal and Afghanistan opposing the EKC theory and concluding statistical insignificancy, so that advancements in GDP per capita increase CO2 emissions instead. A global perspective on the theory conducted through machine learning also realized the justifiable application of the EKC internationally. Thus, policymaking may invoke interest in various other factors, that include GDP but aren’t solely dependent on it to improve degradation.

Influence of Sustainable Project Management Practices on Carbon Emissions Reduction in Logistics Practices, A Case of DHL's GoGreen Plus Program, Rwanda []


This study assessed the influence of sustainable project management practices on carbon emissions reduction in logistics, focusing on DHL’s GoGreen Plus Program. Aimed at evaluating green procurement, energy efficiency, and waste management. The Triple Bottom Line, Stakeholder, and Resource-Based View theories framed the study. Using descriptive and correlational research designs, it targeted 108 DHL employees in sustainability-focused roles, employing a census sampling approach. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study findings show that there is a positive and significant influence of (B=0.602, t=4.101, p=0.000˂0.05) green procurement practices on carbon emissions reduction in logistics, further, there is a positive and no significant influence of (B=0.310, t=1.743, p=0.089˃0.05) energy efficiency practices on carbon emissions reduction in logistics, lastly, there is a positive and no significant influence of (B=0.043, t=0.390, p=0.699˃0.05) waste management practices on carbon emissions reduction in logistics. The study concludes that there is a positive and significant influence of green procurement practices, energy efficiency practices and waste management practices on carbon emissions reduction in logistics. The study recommends that project managers should promote the integration of green procurement strategies, emphasizing the prioritization of eco-friendly suppliers, the use of sustainable materials, and comprehensive environmental supplier evaluations. They should also use the widespread implementation of energy efficiency measures, and they include recycling initiatives and proper hazardous waste disposal. Key words: Sustainable Project Management Practices, Carbon Emissions Reduction, and Logistics Practices.

EXAMINING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ON THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY. A CASE STUDY: KIBUGABUGA – SHINGA – GASORO ROAD. []


Road infrastructure development is crucial for facilitating economic growth, enhancing accessibility, and promoting social integration. However, road construction activities come with significant implications for the surrounding communities and the environment. This study aimed at examining the socio-economic benefits and environmental impacts associated with the construction of the Kibugabuga – Shinga – Gasoro (KSG) road project in Rwanda. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted effects of the road construction project. 399 participants from sectors such as Kamabuye, Ruhuha, Busoro, and Kigoma of the related district were randomly and purposively sampled to collect primary data on the socio-economic benefits and environmental impacts through household surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews with the targeted population (residents, local leaders and construction workers). The collected data were processed and analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) and Microsoft excel. The findings showed that “surveying” as the first step in the construction of the KSG road involving the area to determine the best route for the road and to establish the necessary grades and alignments for construction. The latter was agreed by the respondents with a mean of 4.02 and standard deviation of .923. Additionally, the results exhibited that the project has the potential to create a positive economic impact and enhance the quality of life for local residents. This can happen through created employment opportunities, improved transportation and support of small businesses among others. The latter was agreed by respondents with a mean of 4.17 and standard deviation of .955. The findings also showed that the disruption of ecosystems, air pollution, erosion as the main environmental impacts of the road construction. This was agreed by respondents with a mean of 4.23 and standard deviation of .866. Moreover, the findings exhibited that the road’s construction enhanced connectivity between communities, making it easier for people to access markets, healthcare, and education. This can lead to increased economic opportunities and improved quality of life. Lastly, it was unveiled that there was a positive and significant correlation between the KSG’s road construction, and socio-economic benefits as well as environmental impacts as testified by the statistics (β1= .672; t=3.468; p-value < 0.05). Overall, the results revealed a high level of community confidence in the road project's potential to drive local economic advancement, with participants expressing optimism regarding the project's positive impact. The research contributes to a more holistic and sustainable approach to road construction, informing policy and practice regarding community engagement and environmental protection in Rwanda. Keywords: Community, Environmental impact, Road construction, Socio-economic benefits, Rwanda

CONDITIONS GÉOÉCONOMIQUES MONDIALES : DÉFI ET OPPORTUNITÉ POUR L'ÉCONOMIE DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO (RDC) AU COURS DES CINQ PROCHAINES ANNÉES []


Résumé: Les conditions géoéconomiques mondiales resteront à la fois un défi et une opportunité pour nombreuses économies à travers le monde, dont l’économie de la RDC au cours des cinq (5) prochaines années. Abstract: Global geoeconomic conditions will remain both a challenge and an opportunity for many economies around the world, including the DRC’s economy over the next five (5) years. Key Words: Geo-economics, Challenge, Opportunity, DRC’s economy…

PLAN NATIONAL DE DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO (RDC) A MOYEN TERME (2025 – 2029) : PROBLEMES ET DEFIS []


Résumé: Le développement d’un pays vise à renforcer davantage le développement dans son ensemble dans divers domaines en mettant l’accent sur la réalisation d’une économique compétitive basée sur la supériorité des ressources naturelles et des ressources humaines de qualité ainsi que sur l’augmentation continue des capacités scientifiques et technologiques. Abstract: The development of a country aims to further strengthen overall development in various fields with emphasis on achieving competitive economic based on superiority of natural resources and quality human resources including continuous increase in scientific and technological capabilities. Key Words: Development in various fields, economic competitiveness, natural ressources, human ressources, scientific and technological capabilities, etc.

MODÈLES DE PARTENARIAT SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNOLOGIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO []


Résumé De manière générale, nous sommes d’accord sur le fait que les partenariats entre acteurs scientifiques et technologiques en RDC doivent faire l’objet d’une plus grande attention, en particulier dans nos préparatifs pour faire face à la concurrence sur le marché ouvert aux niveaux régional et mondial. Abstract In general, we agree that partnerships between science and technology actors in DRC need to be given greater attention, particularly in our preparations to compete in an open market at regional and global levels. Key words: partnerships, science and technology, actors, market, competition, etc.

EFFECTS OF USING CHATGPT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDENTS IN THE BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION MAJOR IN SOCIAL STUDIES []


The effect of using ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) that has an ability to interact with the users in a conversation module in a design chatbot. While a large language module developed by an open artificial intelligence can engage in human-like conversation, it would be challenging to engage social studies students at Tagoloan Community College regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI). As this study involves 10 social studies students from Tagoloan Community College in the College of Education who major in social studies and who share their phenomenological lived experiences regarding the use of ChatGPT in their learning. The study found that artificial intelligence tools have both positive and negative effects on students' academic performances. The personalized learning, instant eFeedback, and open access to resources on reliance on AI for critical thinking and the potential for AI dependency.

Assessing Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Home Health Care Services: A Survey-Based Study in Hail Region: Saudi Arabia []


Background Home Health Care (HHC) services have emerged as a fundamental component of modern healthcare systems, offering medical and supportive care to patients in their own homes. These services are particularly vital for elderly individuals, chronically ill patients, and those recover-ing from hospitalization, as they provide personalized, cost-effective care while enhancing patient comfort and reducing hospital admissions. Despite the increasing reliance on HHC services, there remains a need to assess patient satisfaction, and the quality of care provided to ensure continuous im-provement in service delivery. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and the quality of home healthcare services in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia and assessed the correlation between awareness, communication, and patient satisfaction to identify key areas requiring improvement. Methods A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among 100 patients receiving home healthcare services in Hail, Saudi Arabia. A struc-tured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical conditions, duration of care, awareness, communication, and patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale, while awareness and communication were assessed using a 3-point scale. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation, was conducted using SPSS version 28.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results The majority of patients receiving home healthcare services were male (63%), with the largest age group being 21–29 years (23%). Diabetes (10%) was the most reported medical condition, and 31% of patients had been receiving care for more than a year. While 82% of participants reported being informed about HHC services, 69% confirmed receiving responses when contacting the institution, highlighting gaps in responsiveness. Pa-tient satisfaction was generally high, with 71% reporting that caregivers treated them with kindness, yet inconsistencies were noted in communication and service reliability. The study found a moderate positive correlation between awareness, communication, and patient satisfaction (r = 0.41, p = 0.048), indicating that effective communication and awareness contribute significantly to improved patient experiences. Conclusion The findings suggest that while most patients were satisfied with their home healthcare services, gaps in communication and respon-siveness need to be addressed. Improving caregiver training, implementing structured follow-up mechanisms, and integrating digital health solutions such as telemonitoring could enhance service quality. Healthcare policymakers should consider expanding awareness initiatives and strengthening service reliability to optimize patient experiences and healthcare outcomes.

MULTIMEDIA-BASED INSTRUCTION IN ARALING PANLIPUNAN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL LIVED EXPERIENCE []


Multimedia-Based Instruction (MBI) motivates and boosts the learning interest of Grade 8 pupils in Sta. Ana National High School, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental, Mindanao, Philippines. Through this strategy, social studies becomes interactive. Videos, pictures, graphics, and relative teaching aids make social studies challenging and interesting. MBI is a paradigm shift to the non-traditional critical and reflective teaching-learning classroom environment. MBI in the social studies subject yielded very high results. The phenomenological ethnographic recording is accounted for in the thematic lived experiences when guided by the PERT-CPM (Program Evaluation Review and Technique—Critical Path Method) in the attainment of the OBTLP (Outcomes-Based Teaching Learning Plan). Total Quality Management (TQM) is at stake.

Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram Negative Bacteria and Their Level of Severity in Pregnant Women in Al Qadisiya Province, Iraq. []


Background: Any infection that is related to the urinary system as a whole is conventionally referred to as a urinary tract infection. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, the tubes called ureters, the bladder and the tube called urethra. A majority of the infections affect the bladder and the urethra, which are positioned at the ends of the long tube known as urethra. UTIs are more prevalent in women as compared to men According to the studies carried out the UTIs are more common in women as compared to men. If the infection is localized in the bladder, then this individual can have unbearable pain and suffering. However, should the UTI advance to the kidneys, it provides an avenue for a more serious medical problem. Aim of study: The study of gram-negative bacteria that causes urinary tract infections in pregnant women. Methodology: Participant samples were obtained from hospitals in and around Qadisiya governorate in Iraq; 100 patients with bacterial infections affecting pregnancy in patients of different ages, taken from hospitals and diagnosed with bacterial urinary tract infections from 01/01/2024 to 20/04/2024. The results of the study showed that bacterial infection during pregnancy is most common among women aged 21-30, the second place is occupied by women aged 31-40, while the last place, the infection is least likely to occur among women of 41-45 years. Analyzing the data collected based on the severity of infection we mainly noted that the severe infections were at the highest percentage of 35%, and the second most infected category was the moderate one with a percentage of 29%. As for the bacterial species causing urinary tract infections in pregnant women samples taken Escherichia coli bacteria were found to be prevalent with a percentage of 43% while the second one was Klebsiella pneumonia with 29% prevalence rate. Conclusion: The highest incidence of urinary tract infections in pregnant women was in the age groups 21–30 years and 31–40 years, and the bacteria causing urinary tract infections in pregnant women was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella Pneumonia.

Septicemia (Blood Poisoning): REVIEW ARTICLE []


Septicemia is a dangerous and possibly lethal state that is due to the appearance of harmful bacteria or toxins in the blood. It generally occurs when a microbial infection spreads from another location, such as the lungs, urinary tract, abdominal region, or skin, to the blood. The usual sources of the infections are E. coli, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, but there are cases in which the pathogen is a fungus or virus, Symptoms of septicemia are generally rapid in onset and include high fever, chills, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, confusion, and low blood pressure. if left untreated, it can progress to sepsis-a severe systemic response that may result in tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to improving outcomes, management usually includes hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics against the infection, and supportive therapies like fluid management, oxygen administration, and medication to manage blood pressure. In the most severe cases, intensive care and life support may be undertaken, preventive measures include timely treatment of infections, good wound care, and hygiene. vaccination against specific infections, such as pneumonia and influenza, may also prevent the risk. Septicemia is a medical emergency, and immediate attention is required to avoid complications and save lives.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF UBUNTU’S RADICAL COMMUNITARIANISM IN MITIGATING SUICIDE PHENOMENON []


Suicide remains a growing public health concern across the African continent, often exacerbated by socio-economic pressures, cultural stigmas, and insufficient mental health infrastructure. Dominant interventions tend to emphasize individual-centered, biomedical models that may neglect the communal and relational dynamics central to many African worldviews. This paper critically examines Ubuntu’s radical communitarianism as a philosophical and ethical framework for mitigating suicide. Grounded in the principle of “I am because we are”, Ubuntu emphasizes collective identity, mutual care, and shared responsibility-values that could foster belonging, reduce isolation, and build informal support networks. The paper explores the extent to which Ubuntu’s communitarian ethos offers a culturally grounded alternative to prevailing mental health paradigms. However, the analysis also highlights significant tensions: the potential for communal norms to suppress individual suffering, reinforce conformity, or marginalize dissenting voices. The paper argues that while Ubuntu’s communitarianism holds promise as a culturally resonant tool in suicide prevention, its application must be critically adapted to contemporary contexts marked by urbanization, migration, and changing social values. Ultimately, the study calls for a hybrid model that integrates Ubuntu’s relational ethics with rights-based, individual-sensitive mental health care.

EXPLORING TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-POWERED EDUCATIONAL TOOLS IN THE CLASSROOM []


This study, titled "Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Educational Tools in the Classroom," explores the experiences and perceptions of 12 public secondary school teachers from Pio Duran West District for the School Year 2024–2025. Employing a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study collected data through focus group discussions, questionnaires, and observations to examine teachers’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness, challenges, and impact of AI-powered educational tools on classroom instruction and student learning. The study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of how AI influences teaching practices and student engagement in real classroom settings. The findings reveal that teachers generally perceive AI-powered educational tools as effective in enhancing student engagement, learning, and accessibility. AI facilitates personalized learning experiences, provides real-time feedback, and fosters a more interactive classroom environment. However, despite these benefits, teachers face significant challenges, including technical limitations, lack of adequate training, concerns over ethical issues such as data privacy, and inequalities in access to digital resources. Teachers expressed cautious optimism toward the adoption of AI, recognizing its potential while also acknowledging the risks associated with its misuse and its impact on human interaction in education. The study concludes that while AI tools offer promising benefits to enhance instructional practices and student outcomes, their successful integration depends largely on teachers' preparedness, professional development, institutional support, and ethical safeguards. Teachers must be equipped with the necessary training and resources to effectively incorporate AI technologies into their pedagogy. Additionally, maintaining a balanced approach that preserves meaningful teacher-student interaction while leveraging AI’s capabilities is critical to achieving positive educational outcomes. Based on the findings, the study recommends that educational institutions provide comprehensive training programs for teachers, improve digital infrastructure, promote equitable access to AI tools, and establish clear ethical guidelines for AI use in schools. Collaboration between educators, policymakers, and EdTech developers is essential to ensure responsible AI integration. Future research is encouraged to explore the perspectives of students and assess the long-term educational impacts of AI-powered learning technologies. Keywords: Academic Journey, Aemilianum College Inc., Career Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI-Powered Educational Tools, Educational Technology, Ethical Concerns in AI, Technology Integration, Digital Education

Public Diplomacy as a Catalyst for Sustainable Peace and Development in East Africa: A Case Study of Tanzania []


ear Editor, I am submitting my research paper titled Public Diplomacy as a Catalyst for Sustainable Peace and Development in East Africa for consideration in the Global Scientific Journal. The paper explores the role of public diplomacy in promoting peace and development in East Africa, with a specific focus on Tanzania. It examines how public diplomacy initiatives, including people-to-people exchanges, cultural diplomacy, and media engagement, contribute to regional stability and sustainable development. The research highlights the significant influence of public diplomacy in shaping perceptions, fostering mutual understanding, and creating environments conducive to cooperation among East African nations. The paper draws on case studies and theoretical frameworks to provide insights into the effectiveness of these diplomatic practices in addressing socio-political challenges and promoting regional integration. I believe this paper will contribute valuable perspectives to the ongoing discussions on the role of diplomacy in the development of East Africa and look forward to your feedback. Sincerely, Johnson Michael Kisaka

Climate Factors and Malaria Transmission in Jacobabad: A Data-Driven Study []


District Jacobabad has water available in agricultural lands for most of the year due to the rice-growing season, monsoon rains, natural ponds, and stagnant sewerage water. These water sources create ideal breeding grounds for Anopheles mosquitoes, which are responsible for spreading malaria. The combination of standing water and warm climate increases the risk of mosquito-borne diseases, making malaria a persistent health challenge in the region. Effective drainage, water management, and mosquito control measures are essential to reduce the spread of malaria.District Jacobabad has endemic region for the Malaria Declare by Common Management Unit islamadabad and Ministry of National Health Pakistan Malaria remains a pressing public health concern in Jacobabad, exacerbated by climatic conditions that favor the breeding and survival of malaria vectors. This study examines the relationship between climate factors such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity with malaria transmission trends in the district. Utilizing secondary data, this research aims to provide insights into how climate variability impacts malaria prevalence and explores potential mitigation strategies to control the disease effectively. The hottest period occurs between April and July, peaking around May 29 at 112°F (44.4°C).The cooler months are from December to February, with temperatures dropping to 48°F (8.9°C) in January. Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of 31 per 1,000 population in 2024, indicating a high malaria burden. Monthly confirmed cases ranged from 2,477 (February) to 7,788 (November), showing a seasonal trend peaking post-monsoon.

EFFECT OF COMPUTER SIMULATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TECHNICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS IN FURTHER MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES IN EDO STATE NIGERIA []


ABSTRACT The study investigated the effect of computer simulation on academic achievement and interest of technical college students in further mathematics in technical colleges in Edo State. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design was used in carrying out the research; the researcher used all the NTC(II) students in Technical Colleges of Edo State as the population of the study. Fifty-six students, from SSII schools (male and female) sampled, were used as sample for the study. Intact classes were assigned by balloting to either experimental or control group; and separately taught by their regular further mathematics teachers who had earlier been trained for the purpose. All the groups were pre and post tested. Further mathematics Achievement Test (FMAT) containing twenty multiple choice test and further mathematics Interest Inventory (FMII) containing twenty items were used as instruments for both the control and the experimental groups. Two research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used in testing the hypotheses at p<0.05 level of significance. The results showed that the use of computer simulation approach in teaching affects students ‘academic achievement and interest in further mathematics. Also there was no significant interaction effect between the teaching method and gender on students’ academic achievement and interest in further mathematics. The study recommended among other things the incorporation of computer simulation approach in further mathematics text books, organization of workshop and seminars for teachers on the use of computer simulation approach in the teaching and learning of further mathematics in technical colleges in Edo State. KEYNOTE: Computer Simulation, Academic Achievement, Interest, further Mathematics