Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Green building, a strategic response to continuous environmental degradation, energy inefficiency, and climate vulnerability associ-ated with rapid urban sprawl, particularly in Lagos, Nigeria. While prior studies have established that built environment professionals in Lagos demonstrate moderate to high awareness of green building principles, empirical evidence consistently shows that this awareness has not translated into widespread adoption to full implementation in building projects. This study investigates the under-lying reasons for this persistent awareness–implementation gap by adopting a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative evidence drawn directly from professional practice. Quantitative data surveyed 196 built envi-ronment professionals practicing in Lagos based on minimum professional experience (≥5 years), direct involvement in building de-sign or delivery, and demonstrable awareness of green building principles. The quantitative analysis employed descriptive statistics, Relative Importance Index, chi-square tests, and exploratory factor analysis to examine relationships between awareness, firm charac-teristics, perceived barriers, and levels of green building implementation. Reliability testing confirmed strong internal consistency across all measurement constructs, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding accepted thresholds. The quantitative findings revealed relatively high awareness of green building strategies such as energy efficiency, passive design, and water conservation, however, actual implementation remains low and inconsistent. While firm size, years of establishment, and project typology were found to sig-nificantly mediate the translation of professional knowledge into practice, rregulatory enforcement weakness, cost driven client re-sistance, poorly coordinated project delivery structures, limited professional decision-making authority, and technical capacity con-straints emerged as the most critical components of implementation. In triangulation, the qualitative analysis of 10 in-depth expert interviews revealed five themes: awareness without authority, short-term economic rationality, weak regulatory and institutional frameworks, poor interdisciplinary integration during project delivery, and an underdeveloped maintenance culture. The study estab-lishes that green building challenges in Lagos are fundamentally implementation capacity problems rather than awareness deficits. The findings recommend a shift in policy and practice from awareness focused interventions toward enforceable regulatory frame-works, client oriented economic incentives, strengthened professional authority, and integrated project delivery models.
Although academic burnout is becoming increasingly more relevant for adolescents in school, the relationship between burnout and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not yet been extensively studied. This research aimed to measure academic burnout in students, and to compare symptom prevalence between students with and without ADHD. 46 international students aged 14–18 studying either the International Baccalaureate’s Diploma Programme (DP) or the Middle Years Programme (MYP) were administered by using six standardised questionnaires that assessed academic burnout and other related factors such as perceived stress, self-efficacy and sleep quality. The questionnaires were the PSQI, the PSS, the Brief COPE, the GSE, the MSPSS and the BAT-S. Five participants reported a diagnosis of ADHD. Then, the data was compared between students with and without ADHD, and correlational analyses were conducted to explore any relationships between burnout and other measured variables from the remaining 5 questionnaires. The research found no statistically significant differences in academic burnout between students with and without ADHD. However, burnout was positively correlated with perceived stress and sleep problems across all students. While ADHD status was not associated with higher burnout in this sample, the small number of participants with an ADHD diagnosis limits the strength of conclusions that can be drawn regarding the role of ADHD. The findings suggest that ADHD alone may not strongly predict academic burnout in adolescents. Instead, stress levels and sleep difficulties play a more central role in burnout development. This supports the need for personalised interventions that target stress management and sleep quality for students. This is regardless of receiving a diagnosis. Therefore, contributing to a broader understanding of how academic burnout can be prevented.
Cette étude examine l’impact des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) sur la croissance économique du Mali en utilisant un modèle ARDL-ECM appliqué aux données annuelles de 1990 à 2024. Les résultats révèlent une relation de long terme positive entre les IDE et la croissance, tandis que l’effet de court terme demeure non significatif. L’investissement domestique constitue le principal moteur de la croissance, complété par le capital humain et la qualité institutionnelle. À l’inverse, l’inflation persistante et l’insécurité freinent durablement l’activité économique. L’étude conclut que l’efficacité des IDE dépend étroitement de la stabilité macroéconomique, sécuritaire et du processus de diversification productive.
The chapter will present the overall findings of the study that will be widely outlined and present both quantitative and qualitative findings of the research on the role of school planning and management in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2021-2024. This chapter attempts to integrate the facts and the conceptualization of both systems theory (Bertalanffy, 1968) and participatory planning theory (Friedmann, 1987) along with human capital theory (Becker, 1964). It is these theoretical perceptions that furnish the prism through which the intricate processes of education systems, the role of stakeholders and resource distribution, and the ills of theory in contexts are to be studied and interpreted. The chapter discussion has been organized in such a way that it would reach four objectives, which are interrelated. It starts with an overview of the results of the overall research interests of the study using the overall description of the planning strategies, management practices, stakeholder perception, and the barriers that influence the functions of schools in conflict situations. In so doing, it evokes the overall effect on the education scenario in Ituri due to insecurity, financial constraints, bad governance, and the absence of infrastructures that all contribute to access to and the quality of schooling. Second, the chapter advertises both the findings within the larger policy context and theories, showing how noted trends match or do not match the known empirical evidence on education in fragile and conflict-based states. As it was pointed out in the discussion, the approach to educational planning and management is multi-dimensional, and weaknesses of operations cannot be viewed in a vacuum of the social, political, and security forces. Specifically, one chapter is dedicated to the impact of the convergence of top-down forms of governance and the absence of community intervention, which limits the local action in reducing the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions in education. Third, the chapter has evidence-based recommendations on different stakeholders (policymakers, provincial and district education authorities, school leaders, teachers, community representatives, and development partners). The recommendations will help to create effective planning, reinforce the practices of the management, make it more inclusive, promote participatory philanthropy, and provide better resistance to the destructive impact of the conflict. It emphasizes the conscious decentralization, capacity building, ingenuity, and safety concerns, all of which can be used to create an accepting ambience for education in a place where insecurity and instability are the rule of the game. Fourth, the chapter examines future research gaps in the areas where longitudinal and comparative studies would be conducted on the effectiveness of interventions, the sustainability of planning strategies, and the impact of conflict on educational outcomes. It is also impossible to forget that the educational system of Ituri belongs to the larger socio-political and humanitarian process, which is why the chapter suggests that a continuing empirical study is needed, especially on the lives of the teachers, students, and individuals who access one of the numerous displaced, destroyed infrastructures and insecurity.
The paper presents an analytical overview of the data collected in the course of speaking with the best stakeholders of planning and management of schools in the Ituri Province, the Democratic Republic of Congo, in May-June 2024. The key motive of the chapter is to propose an international notion of more than what the running of schools in a place of conflicts entails to prevent both quantitative and qualitative evidence in an endeavor to identify the patterns, issues, and experiences of stakeholders involved. The findings are determined based on the four broad research objectives of the study, namely (1) to assess the planning strategy employed in schools, (2) to consider the management practices and their performance, (3) to study the interest of the stakeholders in the schoolwork, and (4) to identify the issues that happen in situations that influence the delivery of education. This expense will ensure that all questions of the research are answered systematically and rationally. The structured questionnaires collected qualitative data from 120 respondents, including the school heads, teachers, education officers, and community representatives. These data sources provide objective information on trends, frequency, and relationships in point of school planning and management, except for community involvement. The meaning of the description of the character of respondents was provided on the concept of descriptive statistics (percentages, frequencies, mean, and SDs) that indicates the differences in practices and outcomes in high-conflict and low-conflict zones, urban and rural schools, and primary/secondary schools. Correlations between variables that involved leadership quality, teacher attendance, and planning performance were undertaken using other methods, e.g., inferential statistics, cross tabulation, correlation analysis, and chi-square.
The key factors that define a proper education system, where the fragility, conflict, and inept states have their weaknesses mitigated, are the management and the educational planning. In these cases, education is not only one of the developmental aspirations but also a peacemaking, stabilizing, and societal-order-boosting structure. The image of the issues of the existence of schooling under circumstances of crises in the long term is the mirror of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the eastern part of the country, in particular, Ituri. Different eruptions of violence, population displacement, and human displacement that began at the turn of the 2000s have undermined the paucity of resources needed to provide education services on a routine basis (World Bank, 2020). These realities make it difficult to plan (set priorities, allocate and follow resources, and ensure cultural conformity to national policy structures) and make managing a school daily difficult because of head-teachers, district officers, and local communities. Conventionally, planning education in different territories, which embrace the globe, has necessitated the necessity of systematizing means of projecting enrollment, teacher expansion, and supply of funding facilities, as well as guaranteeing quality results (Caillods & Hallak, 2006). These traditional strategies, however, are more liable to make assumptions pegged on stability and predictability, which is hardly the case in the war-stricken regions. In the weak context, Davies (2011) and Bush and Glover (2014) state that educational leaders are supposed to use adaptive and context-based styles, not formal, in the use of formal planning tools. This is especially true of Ituri, whereby the authorities of the school are compelled to cope with shortages of supplies, unstable funding, and even the dangers posed by safety, teacher turnover, and changing enrollment as a result of displacement.
ALEJO, JUSTINE ALEJO, KAREL A. ALIPIO, HANNA JANE ALIPIO, LOUISE ARANAS, MARGIELYN CANONIZADO, CHARLES ESPEJO, ROANNE JEAH DELA CRUZ, JEM JANREY LAEM, JIMBRELL PRUDENCIANO, MARK DAVE RASPADO, LESLIE JOY G. TEJADA, JOHNLHOYD TORIBIO, MICHAEL, CO-AUTHOR PRO
Earthquakes pose a serious threat to the safety of higher education institutions, particularly in a disaster-prone country such as the Philippines. This study aimed to determine the level of earthquake emergency awareness and preparedness of Criminology students at Data Center College of the Philippines and to examine the relationship between these two variables. A quantitative research method utilizing a descriptive-correlational design was employed. The respondents were selected through simple random sampling, and data were gathered using a researcher-made survey questionnaire focusing on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to earthquake emergencies. The collected data were analyzed using weighted mean, frequency, rank, and Pearson’s r. Findings revealed that the respondents exhibited a moderate to high level of awareness and preparedness in earthquake emergency situations. However, several factors such as lack of regular drills, limited disaster education, and insufficient institutional support were found to influence their preparedness. A significant relationship was also identified between students’ level of awareness and their level of preparedness. The study concludes that improving students’ disaster awareness through continuous training and school-based programs can significantly enhance their earthquake preparedness. It is therefore recommended that the institution strengthen its disaster risk reduction initiatives, integrate disaster education into the curriculum, and regularly conduct earthquake drills to ensure student safety.
Background: The interaction between orthodontic treatment and periodontal tissues remains a critical consideration in clinical practice. While orthodontic tooth movement can improve occlusal function and facilitate long-term periodontal stability, mechanical forces, plaque accumulation, and appliance-induced biofilm retention may predispose patients to periodontal inflammation. Objective: This review synthesizes current evidence on the periodontal implications of orthodontic therapy, emphasizing biological mechanisms, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and preventive strategies. Methods: A contemporary literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies published between 2015–2024. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews evaluating periodontal parameters during and after orthodontic treatment were analyzed. Results: Findings indicate that orthodontic appliances, particularly fixed systems, are associated with increased plaque retention, gingival inflammation, and transient alterations in probing depth. When oral hygiene is inadequate, the risk of enamel demineralization and periodontal attachment loss increases. Conversely, controlled orthodontic forces can promote favorable periodontal outcomes, including improved access for oral hygiene, enhanced alveolar bone support, and correction of traumatic occlusion. Adjunctive interventions such as professional prophylaxis, fluoride application, antimicrobial agents, and the use of clear aligners may mitigate periodontal risks. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment has a bidirectional influence on periodontal health. Periodontal deterioration is largely preventable through meticulous oral hygiene, patient motivation, and interdisciplinary management. Future high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the long-term periodontal outcomes associated with different orthodontic techniques. Keywords: orthodontic treatment, periodontal health, fixed appliances, aligners, inflammation, plaque control, literature review
Ihab Mahmood Abdulhadi, Afaf A. Ayoub Alsabagh , Shaymaa Omar Mohammed, Mohammed M. T.A., Dhuha, J.M., Ramzi A. Abd Alsaheb, Firas Ahmad salh, Shaymaa Saady Lafta
The enzyme families known as pectinases are responsible for breaking down plant tissues' pectin into simpler compounds like galacturonic acids. They are linked to other polymers and carbohydrates as chain molecules having a rhamnogalacturonan backbone. These pectinases are widely used in the wine and fruit juice industries. It is used in the fruit juice business for clarifying, which results in a decrease in viscosity and the generation of clear juice. Enzymatic pulp liquefaction increases juice production, while maceration of structured tissue into a suspension of intact cells helps generate pulpy meals. To meet the rising demand around the world, microbial pectinase has found its way into more and more industries. Microorganisms, specifically bacteria, fungi, and yeast, are the primary producers of pectinase, utilizing inexpensive agro-industrial waste as substrates to facilitate its manufacture. Based on their specificity and cleavage method, these enzymes may be roughly classified into two types that operate on the "smooth" or "hairy" parts of the pectin. Pectinase is one of the most common enzymes present in fungi, bacteria, and plants. The pectinolytic enzymes and their substrates are discussed in this review, along with the pectin-enzyme's functional characterization.
Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines is rich in biodiversity, agri-aquaculture resources. The vicinity of the historic Macajalar bay when revisited is blessed by God-given richness. This is the place where Quezon and McArthur anchored for camp Crawford (now Camp Philip Bukidnon). Macajalar bay when reminisces the unforgotten history will package the aquaculture resources. The geographic fishing ground which supports various coastal livelihoods, including fish, shells, seaweeds, sea moss, and relative farming crops yield fresh and salty water important. As the study uses the phenomenological, ethnographic and anecdotal recording which focuses on Barangays Casinglot, Sugbongcogon, Gracia, Baluarte, Natumolan, Sta Cruz, Sta Ana, and Rosario, aquaculture was observable. It revealed during the study that the breeding, raising and growing ground shapes lives of the people in the area. Its engaging livelihoods made their walkway challenging. Cultivating aquaculture farming in controlled environments provides a reliable source of food and income. This made food safety and security essential and sustainable for the locale economy
One of the most prominent features that can be derived from Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is gravitational time dilation. It defines how mass curves spacetime influences the passage of time for different observers. The main consequence of this phenomenon is that time runs slower in regions where the gravitational field is stronger. This effect is more pronounced in the case of the closest neighborhoods of compact celestial bodies, such as neutron stars, black holes and white dwarfs, where gravitational forces are extremely strong and spacetime is significantly distorted. This understanding opens the door to studying physics in extreme cosmic environments, finding application in the development of GPS technology, and the influence of relativistic effects on light, motion and cosmic evolution.
This paper examines the role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in embedding business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within Oman Air, with particular emphasis on its contribution to Omani society. Using a qualitative, case-based approach, the study explores how HR policies, practices, and leadership initiatives promote ethical conduct, regulatory compliance, workforce well-being, and socially responsible behavior in the aviation sector. The findings indicate that Oman Air’s HR function plays a pivotal role in institutionalizing ethics through transparent recruitment and promotion processes, equitable compensation systems, diversity and inclusion policies, and continuous ethics and compliance training. In addition, HR-led CSR initiatives such as environmental sustainability programs, community outreach, and Omanization efforts demonstrate the airline’s commitment to national development and alignment with Oman Vision 2040. The paper also highlights key challenges faced by HR in balancing ethical responsibilities with organizational performance pressures, including cost constraints, investor expectations, and workforce motivation during periods of change. Despite these challenges, the study finds that ethical leadership, open communication, and employee-centered HR practices enable Oman Air to sustain ethical standards while remaining operationally competitive. The paper concludes by offering strategic recommendations to strengthen ethical leadership, enhance employee participation in CSR initiatives, and improve continuous monitoring of ethical performance. Overall, the study contributes to the limited literature on ethics-driven HRM in the Gulf aviation sector and provides practical insights for organizations seeking to integrate ethics and CSR into their human resource strategies. Keywords: human resource management, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, aviation industry, Oman Air
Disputes are inherent in all societies, though the mechanisms for their resolution vary across cultures. Among the Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria, boundary disputes that often arise from shifts in accepted land demarcations between individuals or neighboring communities have historically posed significant challenges. This study examines the traditional mechanisms employed by the Yoruba to manage boundary conflicts with minimal recurrence. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included oral testimonies from boundary litigants whose cases were resolved through traditional means, interviews with traditional boundary adjudicators, and relevant archival materials such as minutes of Customary Court proceedings. Secondary data were drawn from published books and journal articles. The data were analyzed using the historical method, which involved evaluating existing evidence alongside contemporary realities to assess earlier scholarly claims. The findings indicate that boundary disputes are inherently complex; however, traditional Yoruba dispute-resolution mechanisms proved more effective than the colonial-inherited judicial system, largely due to their built-in restorative and community-based processes. The study concludes that these indigenous mechanisms offer valuable insights for conflict management and suggests that policymakers consider integrating relevant aspects into contemporary dispute-resolution frameworks. Keywords: Boundary disputes, Yoruba society, Traditional adjudication, Conflict resolution mechanisms, customary law
This research study analyzed the implementation of the Barangay Tanods Program in promoting peace and order in Cotabato City, with particular focus on Mother Barangay Poblacion and Mother Barangay Rosary Heights. Anchored in Social Contract Theory and aligned with the Department of the Interior and Local Government Memorandum Circular No. 2003-042, the study identified Barangay Police Security Officers (BPSOs) as community-based peace enforcers and effective force multipliers of the Philippine National Police (DILG, 2003). It evaluated the extent to which barangay tanods fulfill their legally mandated responsibilities in crime prevention and public safety, highlighting their vital role in sustaining social stability, enhancing community safety, and supporting local governance. The study's specific goal was to examine the level of implementation of the Barangay Tanods Program in terms of crime prevention functions such as frequent patrolling, surveillance operations, choke point establishment, and traffic control. It also looked into the effectiveness of barangay tanods in maintaining peace, order, and security through activities including monitoring, inter-agency coordination, intelligence and information gathering, and ongoing community engagement. Furthermore, the study looked into the difficulties that barangay tanods have when carrying out their assigned duties, notably in terms of training adequacy, resource availability, welfare provisions, and institutional support mechanisms (DILG, 2003). The findings revealed that, while the Barangay Tanods Program helped to improve community safety, its overall success was limited by a number of obstacles. These included restricted training opportunities, insufficient logistical and financial resources, poor cooperation with other local government entities, and inadequate welfare assistance for barangay tanods. The study emphasized the necessity of ongoing capacity-building activities, better resource allocation, stronger inter-agency collaboration, and increased community involvement. Implementing these techniques is critical to ensuring the Barangay Tanods Program's efficacy and promoting peace and order at the barangay level in Cotabato City (DILG, 2003). Keywords: Barangay Tanods Program, Peace and Order, Community-Based Policing, Crime Prevention, Public Safety, Local Governance, Inter-Agency Coordination, Capacity Building, and Cotabato City.
Introduction: The involvement of communities in waste management is important for effectively sustaining waste management systems. The improper and ineffective waste management practices have led to environmental degradation, socio-economic factors, and fragile public health systems in Liberia. Objective: The research aims to highlight the need for improved waste management practices in the community to support sustainable waste management. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a sample size of 375 from a total population of 6,124. The sample size was calculated using the Taro Yamane frame with a confidence level of 95%. The data were collected over 15 days and analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. Findings: Malaria is one of the major health effects resulting from improper waste management, as indicated by 31.5% of respondents. Flooding is also a major environmental consequence experienced, as indicated by 34.1% of the respondents. The research shows that the leading cause of improper waste management is limited knowledge of regulating proper waste disposal. 32% of the respondents are willing to take the initiative in waste management, but there is limited accessibility to resources, and 44% align their participation with incentives. Recommendation: We recommend that the Wein-town community initiate waste management programs that will improve the public health of the community and boost the community's pride.
The study presents a mini pap processing machine designed for small-scale producers, showcasing its efficiency across various grains like maize, guinea corn, and millet. It processes 1.2 kg of maize in 13 mins, 1.2 kg of guinea corn in 8 mins, and 1.5 kg of millet in 10 mins, highlighting its versatility and effectiveness. Material selection, including food-grade stainless steel and mild steel, ensures durability and affordability, while modular design aids in easy maintenance. The machine's adaptability to different grain types addresses the needs of small-scale producers, enhancing productivity and quality. Emphasis on locally sourced materials and simple manufacturing processes reduces costs and facilitates maintenance. Future improvements could focus on optimizing the grinding mechanism and integrating advanced features like automated feeding systems. Overall, the machine represents a significant advancement in small-scale pap production, aligning with the needs of local communities and contributing to food security and economic development.
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