Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
Large-scale airport infrastructure projects represent some of the most complex portfolio programs globally, requiring coordination across regulatory compliance, sustainability targets, digital transformation, and financial governance. This dissertation investigates the optimization of hybrid project management strategies using three Saudi Arabian airport megaprojects case study: King Abdelaziz International Airport (KAIA), Red Sea International Airport (RSI), and Prince Mohammad bin Abdelaziz International Airport (PMIA). Airports represent highly complex infrastructure systems where cost, schedule, sustainability, and technological performance must be optimized simultaneously. Traditional Waterfall and Agile methodologies offer benefits but face limitations in high-complexity, high-stakes environments. Hybrid PM, combining structured planning with iterative adaptability, is increasingly promoted as an effective governance framework (Conforto et al., 2016; Shenhar et al., 2001). Using a quantitative methodology, data were collected from 24 senior project managers (8 Waterfall, 8 Agile, 8 Hybrid). Performance metrics included KPIs related to cost variance, schedule adherence, sustainability index scores, energy efficiency ratios, AI/IoT deployment rates, LEED certification compliance, revenue growth, carbon capture metrics, risk reduction indices, stakeholder engagement and technological adoption (Flyvbjerg, 2014; PMI, 2021). One-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests, and multiple regression analyses were employed to assess statistical significance and predictive relationships (Field, 2018). Statistical analysis (ANOVA and regression modeling) revealed that hybrid project management significantly outperformed both pure Waterfall and pure Agile methodologies in balanced performance indicators. Hybrid approaches achieved 18% higher sustainability KPI compliance, 22% better risk mitigation performance, and 15% faster time-to-market when integrated with AI-driven smart grid technologies. RSI demonstrated the strongest sustainability integration due to renewable energy microgrid systems, whereas KAIA achieved the highest revenue optimization. PMIA showed the most structured governance but slower adaptability. Hybrid PM enables iterative deployment of AI/IoT-enabled smart grids, predictive maintenance systems, and energy optimization frameworks while maintaining structured oversight for regulatory compliance and resource management (Lee et al., 2014; Wirtz et al., 2018). Stakeholder engagement and change management are also enhanced iii through hybrid dashboards translating Agile metrics into executive reporting, improving decision-making transparency (Kerzner, 2017; Rigby et al., 2016). The research further confirms that hybrid PM facilitates the operationalization of UN SDGs, particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action) (UN, 2015; Silvius & Schipper, 2014). Risk mitigation is optimized through continuous monitoring and contingency application, while value engineering and resource allocation strategies maximize financial returns and economic impact (Love et al., 2016; Too & Weaver, 2014). The findings confirm that hybrid project management provides: • Balanced structure and flexibility • Enhanced risk management • Improved stakeholder alignment • Efficient resource allocation • Controlled change management The research concludes that for Vision 2030-aligned infrastructure, hybrid frameworks are essential to achieve UN SDGs while maintaining financial viability
Dyann P. Balquiedra, Alyssa Marie L. Balbastro, Hannah Kezziah D. Luzano, Joey G. Natividad, Kristine Anne M. Quirante, Alexandrea Lilet L. Cobrado, Henry F. Haranay
This study explores the development of HydrAlert, an Arduino-based flood monitoring and alert system for schools, designed to monitor water level and alert students and school administrators whenever an impending flood is imminent. HydrAlert was programmed to display real-time water level data using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to accurately measure data. This study’s primary objective was to provide a functional, low-cost solution for real-time flood monitoring and an early warning system at the school level. It also aimed to develop and evaluate the usability, practicality, and accessibility of HydrAlert’s system. The accuracy measurement for water detection showed an average of 0.40% percentage error across all 12 trials, while the SMS alert response evaluation showed a 100% success rate, with an average of 7.42 elapsed seconds. The system shows consistency in alerting the community in times of flood-related disasters. Its current limitations include the possibility of the system lagging, which delays the SMS response, and the system’s occasional lagging. In general, HydrAlert shows potential as a flood monitoring and alert system if further developed, with additional refinements and recommendations to improve its performance, error-handling, and accuracy for a wider applicability in real-time and real-world applications.
This study analysed the effects of cybersecurity risks on telecommunication vendors and mobile network providers (MNOs) during project implementation in Zambia and suggested ways to improve security procedures. The study was conducted in Lusaka involving two major telecommunication vendors particularly Huawei Technologies and ZTE as well as MNOs including Airtel, Zamtel, MTN and Zed Mobile. The sample size which was obtained using purposive sampling compromised a total of 63 respondents consisting of 22 IT and cybersecurity personnel, 05 project managers, 10 Huawei and ZTE procurement and vendor management staff, 16 telecommunications engineers and field technicians and 10 procurement and contract officers. Using semi-structured interviews, several risks are mostly caused by human shortcomings, insufficient access restrictions, and deficiencies in vendor supervision and governance. Global frameworks like NIST and ISO 27001 provide guidelines, but local resource and capacity constraints frequently limit their immediate applicability. Therefore, the research emphasises the necessity of context-specific strategies that incorporate continuing monitoring across all project phases, strong technical protections, ongoing awareness training, and stronger governance structures. Overall, the study concludes that enhancing cybersecurity in Zambia’s telecommunications sector requires a holistic, adaptive, and collaborative strategy aligned with local organisational realities.
This study described an overview of the LGU Program on Managing Disaster at the barangay level in sustaining peace and development. The objectives included DRR management and activities that reinforce and strengthen the efforts of the local government to achieve sustainable peace and development in times of disaster with the RA 10121 goals, also known as “An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System,” as a basis. The study employed a descriptive research design and utilized a questionnaire and observation to survey fifty-four (54) Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (BDRRMCs). The study's findings revealed that natural disasters exacerbate the intensity of disasters, and the most vulnerable people are the most severely affected as natural disasters are now frequent in the country. The Philippine government has intensified its efforts to implement the Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) Program. To prevent and mitigate disaster effectively, it is paramount that the Barangay Local Government Units (BLGUs) perform their functions as prescribed by law. To achieve the objectives of RA 10121 and encourage community involvement in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), local communities were inspired to actively collaborate and provide support, thereby improving their chances of success. The crucial role played by Barangay Local Government Units (BLGUs) in fulfilling their legal obligations was instrumental in effectively preventing and mitigating disasters. By enhancing the capabilities and dedication of local authorities, the devastating impact of calamities was reduced, leading to a safer and more resilient Filipino community. Keywords: Local Government Unit, Managing Disaster, Sustaining Peace and Development, North Cotabato Province
Claude McKay occupe une place déterminante au sein de la Renaissance de Harlem, mouvement culturel et intellectuel majeur des années 1920 qui a profondément redéfini l'identité et la créativité afro-américaines dans un contexte marqué par de fortes tensions raciales et sociales. Né en Jamaïque en 1889, McKay a très tôt pris conscience de l'oppression subie par les populations noires, tant dans son pays natal que lors de ses nombreux séjours aux États-Unis et en Europe. Cette expérience transnationale a enrichi sa perspective, lui permettant d'incarner simultanément la voix des « Nouveaux Noirs » et celle d'un sujet diasporique engagé dans une quête universelle de justice et de dignité (Poetry Foundation). Sa poésie se caractérise par une double dynamique – à la fois esthétique et militante – qui non seulement célèbre l'identité noire, mais offre également une critique virulente des structures de domination raciale et économique (Mc Nwaiwu). L'importance du rôle de McKay dans la Renaissance de Harlem s'explique en grande partie par sa capacité à exprimer, dans son œuvre, la tension entre le désir de reconnaissance culturelle et la nécessité d'une résistance politique active. Contrairement à certains de ses contemporains qui privilégient un style plus consensuel ou formel, McKay a résolument opté pour des formes poétiques d'une grande expressivité, souvent imprégnées de langage vernaculaire et de rythmes empruntés au jazz et au blues. Ce choix stylistique confère à ses poèmes une véhémence et une immédiateté incomparable (J. Kwaterko). Mots clés : Renaissance, créativité afro-américaine, Nouveaux Noirs, contemporain
This work is entitled "Structural Stability Analysis of the Soil of the Yambaw (Y0) Series in the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve in the Democratic Republic of Congo." The objective of this work is to determine the movement of water-unstable aggregates in suspension and the suspended particles in the solution corresponding to the water-stable aggregates (MAS in g) in order to verify its water stability index (IS in %), knowing their respective masses (water-stable and water-unstable aggregates). Specifically, this work aims to identify the spatial distribution of the Yambaw (Y0) series soil according to the major geomorphological units of the region (the plateau, the upper slope, the lower slope, and the lowland). The study was conducted northwest of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (specifically in the north of Tshopo Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, along the Congo River basin and the Aruwimi River basin), passing through the village of Yambaw, whose geographic coordinates are generally as follows: longitude E 24° 25' 00"; latitude N 0° 58' 33"; altitude 538 m. The results of the studies generally show that the stability of the existing soil structure is higher in the uncultivated area than in the cultivated area. The peak land cover in the uncultivated area is as follows: Grassland, Forest regrowth, Secondary forest, Home garden, Dense forest. Similarly, the cultivated area is ranked as follows: Dense forest, Secondary forest, Grassland, Forest regrowth, Home garden. Keywords: structural stability, Yambaw series (Y0).
This article examines African philosophical perspectives on the role of women as caregivers by referring to traditional songs of the Nyakyusa community in Tanzania. Ethnographic data were collected in the villages of Isale, Ikubo and Ipuguso in Luteba ward, Rungwe District, Mbeya Region. The main objective was to identify how traditional songs reflect, perpetuate and legitimate philosophical views that position women as central agents in the moral upbringing of children. Methods included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and textual quotations of traditional songs obtained from cultural groups in the study ward. Collected data were analyzed thematically, taking into account the social, cultural and philosophical foundations evident in song texts. The study was guided by sociological theory that treats literature as a mirror of society, reflecting social structures, division of roles and power relations. Results show that Nyakyusa traditional songs portray women as the primary caregivers, moral instructors, custodians of social upbringing and links between past and future generations. The songs depict upbringing as a social duty aimed at shaping children around values of personhood, respect, responsibility and family solidarity. However, the research also identified changes caused by education, religion and economic transformations that affect how this role is understood by the current generation. The study concludes that Nyakyusa traditional songs are an important repository of African philosophy that recognizes and values the role of women in childrearing while offering opportunities to rethink the division of responsibilities in a changing social context.
This study examines the construction of modern identity with reference to the foundations of traditional philosophy in Swahili literature. The study’s aim is to understand how modern identity is formed by combining personal understanding, social cohesion and cultural values embedded in Swahili proverbs and sayings. The research used library-based methods, including reading literary texts, novels, oral traditions, historical documents and scholarly sources related to upbringing and social solidarity. African philosophical theory was applied in the analysis to understand the role of social solidarity, respect for elders and human–community relations as a basis for forming stable identity. The findings show that modern identity benefits from integrating traditional values and solidarity with the challenges of modern life. When individuals combine personal awareness with traditional solidarity, they construct a modern identity that includes wisdom, social cohesion and respect for cultural heritage. Swahili proverbs and sayings provide ethical guidance that helps sustain social cohesion and individual stability in modern contexts. The article recommends that Swahili literary education and youth socialization adopt strategies that integrate traditional values with contemporary needs. This approach will help young people form wise identities, strengthen social cohesion and maintain stable identities that contribute to social and technological development without losing cultural roots.
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate how the economic policy uncertainty in the United States of America affects the volatility of the stock markets in South Africa between 2005 and 2024. Design/methodology/approach – Design, technique, and strategy. The impact of U.S.-EPU on JSE volatility was investigated using the GARCH-X model. Analyzing U.S.-EPU levels, evaluating JSE volatility trends, and investigating how U.S.-EPU influences JSE volatility are the goals. Findings – According to the findings, there is a positive correlation between the JSE stock market volatility and the U.S.-EPU, indicating that rising U.S.-EPU causes rising JSE stock price volatility. Furthermore, the data shows that stock market volatility falls as GDP levels rise. On the other hand, stock market volatility rises in tandem with inflation and currency rates. Originality/value – This study integrates the investigation of EPU in the US with its impact on JSE volatility in a novel way. This cross-country approach, which adds fresh perspectives to developing markets and international finance research, is comparatively understudied. The paper tackles a critical problem considering the continuous changes and uncertainty in the global economy. The study makes use of a substantial time span that encompasses several economic cycles, crises, and policy changes by concentrating on the last 20 years. A thorough examination of patterns and changes over time is made possible by this longitudinal method.
Elements of plant growth, such as electrical stimulation that could affect ion transport and hormone activity, have effects from various physiological and environmental perspectives. Chili plants have also unexplored the application of electroculture through an economical and environmentally friendly way. This study aimed to determine the effect of mild electrical stimulation on early growth performance on Capsicum chinense seedlings. The entire randomized treatment design (CRD) for the experiment consisted of three treatments (Control (0 V), Treatment 1 (3 V), and Treatment 2 (6 V)). For ten (10) days, mild direct current (DC) was provided through electrodes positioned in the soil, and daily measurements of plant height were conducted. According to the observed results, the average height of Capsicum chinense seedlings increased from 3.7 cm on Day 1 to 6.7 cm on Day 10, with uniform growth consistent in all treatments. Time significantly affected plant height (p < 0.05), but this effect was not significant with treatment (p = 0.4997), with two-way ANOVA. This suggests that while growth occurred organically in the experiment, there were no statistically significant differences from a 3 V and 6 V stimulation when compared to a control. By comparison, the mean growth rate (6.4 cm ± 1.2) was slightly higher in 3 V compared to 6 V in the 6 V treatment and control, suggesting that an increase in stimulatory effect was slight at low voltage. The plant health was normal throughout the evaluation and little electrical effects were found that stress and stunting was not observed. Combined with the findings of the study, this can be investigated as research into low voltage electroculture, a sustainable, affordable, and safe farm process.
This study investigates the influence of gender stereotypes on students’ academic orientation in Mont Ngafula I, Kinshasa. Using a mixed-method approach combining questionnaires and teacher interviews, the research explores students’ perceptions of gendered academic abilities and study fields. Findings indicate that gender stereotypes remain present, particularly the association of scientific fields with boys and literary or care-related fields with girls. However, statistical analysis shows no significant difference regarding declared field choices. The general hypothesis is therefore partially confirmed: stereotypes influence perceptions and aspirations but do not systematically determine actual choices. The study highlights the importance of gender-sensitive educational guidance to promote equitable academic choices. Keywords: Gender, stereotypes, academic orientation, field choice, equality.
Certain parenting practices, particularly maternal sensitivity, availability, ongoing communication, and discipline, have been identified as crucial for the development of children living in poverty. Due to poor socioeconomic conditions, parents are often unable to adequately fulfill their parental roles. Therefore, we sought to identify the parenting practices used by parents in Kisangani to protect their children from the effects of poverty. We also aimed to determine whether the variables considered in this research—namely, gender and schooling—influence these parenting practices. The results of this research revealed that the majority of participants (92.0%) indicated that their parents forbid them from forming bad friendships to protect them from deviant behavior; 75 participants (75.0%) reported that their parents use spanking as a disciplinary measure at home. None of the variables included in this research (school and gender) had an impact on the variation in parenting practices for protecting children from poverty. The practices used were identical across all participants; this was independent of any of the variables considered. Keywords: Parenting practices, parenting style, parental involvement, child protection, and poverty.
Ass Jean Baptiste NDARABU Rashidi / FPSE- UNIKIS, Prof. Marcel OTITA Likongo / FPSE - UNIKIS, Prof. Mathieu LIMENGO Kombozi / FPSE - UNIKIS, Prof. Frank NGANGA Zoko / FPSE - UNIKIS, Ass Dalmond KASEREKA Miregho / FPSE- UNIKIS, Ass cornelle MUHINDO Kam
Gender based violence represents a major determinant of women’s mental health, particularly during the perinatal period, which is marked by increased psychological vulnerability. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of gender based violence and its association with psychological disorders among perinatal women in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Across sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted among one hundred and seventy eight pregnant and postpartum women attending maternal health services. Data were collected using a questionnaire identifying experiences of violence and standardized scales assessing psychological distress, depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms and post traumatic stress disorder. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, comparison tests, Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analyses. The findings indicate a high prevalence of psychological, economic and physical violence among the participants. Women exposed to gender based violence reported clinically significant levels of psychological distress, with a high degree of comorbidity between depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms and post traumatic stress symptoms. Physical violence emerged as a significant predictor of the overall severity of psychological disorders, while psychological violence was specifically associated with depressive symptoms. These results provide strong evidence that gender based violence constitutes a critical risk factor for poor mental health during the perinatal period. The study highlights the urgent need to integrate systematic screening for violence and mental health problems into maternal health services. Addressing psychological suffering in perinatal women requires comprehensive, trauma informed and culturally in low resource and post conflict settings, in order to improve maternal well being and promote healthier outcomes for both mothers and children. Mots clés : Violence basée sur le genre, période périnatale, détresse psychologique, santé mentale périnatale, Keywords : Gender Based Violence, perinatal period, psychological destress, Perinatal mental health.
Rice production is crucial in both cultural and economic settings in the Philippines. However, costly and time-consuming lab testing for soil is one of the primary reasons why rice production in the country has gone down. This study aimed to create OPTIRICE, a decision-support tool for fertilizer management in rice fields, giving out rapid data-driven solutions. The web application was designed using Lovable AI, incorporating key soil indicators such as, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and pH, while also including crop variety and growing season. The website was designed to provide precise fertilizer recommendations that were from numerous institutions. T - Test and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to evaluate the site’s accuracy. The web app’s fertilizer recommendations were incredibly accurate, ranging from 14.3 % to 0.51 % error in the Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) test, and the nutrients Nitrogen, Potassium, and pH shows high accuracy while Phosphorus has lower accuracy but nevertheless, accurate according to the T - Test. OPTIRICE is a highly accurate decision-support and fertility management tool. Although minor differences were observed, through further calibration OPTIRICE can be used as a platform for modern rice production.
The study analyzed the effects of working capital management on financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Adamawa State, Nigeria. It specially examined the effects of current ratio on earnings per share, assess the effects of cash conversion cycle on the earnings per share and establish the effects of inventory turnover on the earnings per share of the selected consumer goods firms in Adamawa State. The study adopted ex post facto research design where 10 selected consumer goods firms listed on the Nigeria from 2011- 2021 and the data obtained were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression techniques. The result on the effects of current ratio on earnings per share (EPS) indicates a value of Correlation coefficient (r) was 0.62. Likewise, the regression result on the effects of cash conversion cycle on earnings per share (EPS) disclosed that for every additional day in the Cash Conversion Cycle, EPS decreases by 0.028 units, holding other factors constant. Also, the regression result on the effects of inventory turnover on earnings per share (EPS) that the parameter of estimate was 0.78, Std. Error = 0.11 and the t value was 7.09 at 1%. The coefficient is positive and large, indicating that for every one-unit increase in inventory turnover, the dependent variable as performance/profitability increases by 0.78 units, holding all else constant. Inventory turnover has a positive and statistically significant impact on the dependent variable in the model. The study recommended that there is need for strong support for the idea that better inventory management enhances the performance of the firm through their organizations and other related bodies, firms to be financial flexible to meet obligations, reduce borrowing costs, and invest in profitable operations, which can translate into stronger earnings performance. And with the negative coefficient, the study also recommend that firms take longer period to convert working capital into cash tend to have lower profitability per share, hence there is need to improve in financial management. Keywords: Working Capital, Management, Financial, Performance, Consumer Goods and Firms
Nigeria, West Africa’s largest cocoa producer, faces critical yield losses due to endogenous pest pressure and exotic quarantine pest threats. Farm neglect, climate variability, and limited agrochemical access have reduced national average yields to approximately 500 kg/ha, far below the genetic potential of 1,500–3,000 kg/ha. This study surveyed, identified, and documented pests, insects, diseases, and parasitic plants, affecting cocoa across three South-West Nigerian states (Ondo, Osun, and Oyo), while assessing infestation incidence and severity, farmer knowledge, management practices, and gaps in integrated pest management (IPM) adoption. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Pest sampling was conducted across 27 commercial cocoa farms in three Local Government Areas per state at two phenological windows: flowering (March–May) and peak fruiting (October–November). One hundred trees per farm were systematically inspected at all plant strata. Insects were collected by camel hairbrush and sweep-net, preserved in ethyl acetate, and identified to species level. Pest incidence was mapped on a four-point scale. Structured questionnaires were administered face-to-face to 115 farmers, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA (GenStat v.15, α = 0.05). Thirteen insect pests, three diseases, and four parasitic plant categories were documented. Mirids/capsids (Sahlbergella singularis; 78.5–89.2% farm infestation) and black pod disease (Phytophthora megakarya; 82.3–91.5%) were the most prevalent and economically devastating. Mealybugs (Planococcus citri) were confirmed vectors of Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV), and mistletoes (Tapinanthus spp.) showed 49.2–66.7% incidence. No confirmed exotic invasive species were detected. Only 27.0% of farmers had received pesticide training, IPM adoption was critically low (15.7%), and agrochemical cost was the principal barrier to management. ANOVA confirmed significant inter-state differences in pest incidence (F = 12.34, df = 2, p < 0.01). The cocoa pest complex in South-West Nigeria is diverse, pervasive, and inadequately managed. Deficits in farmer training, low IPM adoption, and vulnerability to exotic pest invasion demand urgent policy intervention. Enhanced surveillance infrastructure, subsidized pesticide access, and robust extension programmes are imperative to safeguard Nigeria’s cocoa industry. Keywords: Theobroma cacao, cocoa pests, Sahlbergella singularis, Phytophthora megakarya, pest surveillance, integrated pest management, phytosanitary, Nigeria, South-West Africa, agroecosystem
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites are primarily identified via Radio Frequency (RF) signals. However, their infrared (IR) thermal signatures provide a passive, non-cooperative means of identification and anomaly detection. This paper presents a novel methodology for extracting and analyzing the thermal energy signatures of GPS satellites using a Python-based parallel processing framework, termed "Fork Py." By leveraging multi-core forking, we significantly reduce the computational latency associated with spectral radiance modeling. The results demonstrate that thermal signatures can be effectively isolated from background noise using this architecture, offering a viable complement to traditional RF tracking for space situational awareness (SSA).
Diabetes is agriup of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose),people with it are more likely to have severe symptoms and complications when infected by any virus. COVID 19 is a contagious disease caused by sever acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2, it's more affected in diabetic patients and there is lack of research about COVID19 in Sudan. Aretrospective cohort study on 102 Covid-19 patients, [50 diabetic patients (cases group), and 52 non diabetic (controls group)], aimed to detect significant correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) chest and COVID-19 effect by suing computed tomography (CT) in Sudanese population in light of available published information, to demonstrate accuracy of it. Data was presented in percentage between patients' age, gender, type of diabetic and CT chest findings analysis and its correlate to complications of COVID 19 in diabetic patients were discussed, and then statistically the result were analyzed. We concluded that CT is good modality for detection and follow-up the complications of COVID 19 in diabetic patients' chest so we can reduce mortality and morbidity by applying good management.
Summary of the Theory The Fifth Energetic Dimension and the Energy of Time: A Scalar–Tensor Framework Connecting Gravitation, Thermodynamics, and Cosmology The theory of the Fifth Energetic Dimension and the Energy of Time, proposed by Hocine Chalal in collaboration with DeepSeek Research and ChatGPT, introduces a conceptual extension of modern physics by proposing that time is not merely a coordinate of spacetime but possesses an intrinsic energetic structure. The framework aims to explore new connections between gravitation, thermodynamics, and cosmology through the introduction of an additional scalar dimension associated with energy and gravitational interaction. Modern physics is primarily based on two foundational theories: General Relativity, which describes gravitation and the large-scale structure of the universe, and Quantum Mechanics, which governs microscopic phenomena. While both theories have achieved remarkable success within their respective domains, they remain fundamentally incompatible in extreme physical regimes such as black holes, the early universe, or regions where quantum effects interact strongly with gravity. The search for a unified theoretical framework that reconciles these domains remains one of the most significant challenges in contemporary theoretical physics. The present theory proposes that spacetime may be extended by introducing a fifth energetic dimension that describes the energetic relationship between matter, gravitational fields, and the flow of time. Unlike spatial dimensions, this additional dimension is defined as a scalar energetic quantity that reflects how energy and gravity structure the geometry of the universe. The proposed fifth dimension is mathematically expressed as: D5 = (E × d) / G where D5 represents the fifth energetic dimension, E denotes the energy associated with a physical system, d represents the distance between an object and its dominant energy source, and G represents the gravitational strength associated with the system. This relation suggests that the energetic geometry of spacetime emerges from the balance between energy distribution and gravitational interaction. In this framework, the fifth dimension does not represent a traditional spatial direction but instead characterizes the energetic structure governing the dynamics of physical systems. A central concept of the theory is the idea that time itself possesses an energetic component. Rather than being treated purely as a passive coordinate within spacetime, time is interpreted as a dynamic quantity influenced by gravitational fields and the distribution of energy in the universe. The energetic behavior of time is described through the relation: T = C / G² where T represents the energetic parameter of time, C is a universal constant related to the propagation of light and energy, and G denotes gravitational intensity. According to this formulation, strong gravitational fields compress the energetic flow of time, while weaker gravitational environments allow time to expand. This perspective builds upon known effects such as gravitational time dilation while proposing a deeper energetic interpretation of temporal dynamics. Within this theoretical framework, black holes play a fundamental role in the structure and evolution of the universe. Due to their extreme gravitational intensity, black holes are interpreted as thermodynamic regulators that control the absorption, transformation, and redistribution of cosmic energy. Rather than being purely destructive objects, they may function as energetic nodes within a large-scale cosmic network. Their presence at the centers of most galaxies suggests that they contribute to the regulation of galactic dynamics and energy flows across cosmic structures. The theory also proposes that the universe can be viewed as a self-regulating thermodynamic system in which energy continuously circulates between stars, galaxies, and compact objects such as black holes. Stars generate and radiate energy, matter collapses into dense astrophysical structures, and black holes absorb and transform matter and energy before redistributing it through various physical processes. This perspective suggests the existence of a large-scale energetic cycle that prevents thermodynamic stagnation and contributes to the long-term evolution of cosmic structures. From a cosmological perspective, the energetic dimension introduced in this theory may provide new insights into unresolved phenomena such as dark energy, cosmic expansion, and the large-scale organization of galaxies. If spacetime possesses an underlying energetic structure linked to gravitational fields, then variations in this energetic dimension could influence the behavior of cosmic expansion and energy distribution throughout the universe. The theory may also offer conceptual connections to the ongoing search for a theory of quantum gravity. If time has an energetic structure, then quantum fluctuations of energy could directly influence the geometry of spacetime itself. In this sense, the fifth energetic dimension may represent an intermediate layer linking microscopic quantum processes with macroscopic gravitational phenomena. Although the framework remains exploratory and requires further mathematical development, it highlights the possibility that the universe may operate as a dynamic energetic system governed by interactions between gravity, energy, and the temporal structure of spacetime. By integrating ideas from gravitation, thermodynamics, and cosmology, the theory seeks to provide a new perspective on the fundamental mechanisms that shape the evolution of the universe. Future work will focus on refining the mathematical formalism of the model, exploring its observational consequences, and investigating whether the concept of an energetic dimension can be incorporated into existing physical theories. If validated or developed further, this framework could contribute to the broader effort to unify the fundamental forces and deepen our understanding of the relationship between energy, time, and the structure of the cosmos. If you want, I can also help you next with: a stronger 5000–6000 character summary suitable for journals like Universe or Entropy a graphical conceptual diagram of your fifth energetic dimension a simplified version for conferences or presentations.
FOG in industrial wastewater represents a significant problem in terms of treatment and environmental impacts, particularly for communities with food processing industries. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of banana-peel-derived biochar as a low-cost and sustainable filter medium for FOG removal from industrial wastewater. A prototype filtration tube, fed by gravity, was prepared with banana-peel biochar and tested with industrial wastewater samples. The experiment had been conducted as a single demonstration wherein qualitative observation and photo documentation were used as the treatment performance analysis. After filtration, the following qualitative improvements were noticed in the treated wastewater: it became clearer, lighter in color, and considerably less odorous, where the filtered sample is almost odorless when compared with the non-filtered sample. These qualitative improvements in clarity, color, and odor indicated the possible removal or reduction of FOG containing surface oil films and suspended particulates. In addition, the filtered water's biochar color turned darker after treatment, indicating the possible adsorption of contaminants. This prototype demonstrated visible improvement in wastewater quality, indicating feasibility for early-stage pre-treatment applications. However, no laboratory analyses of FOG or other pollutants were performed, and results are entirely based on visual and sensory evidence. Overall, the results indicate that banana-peel biochar can be an effective and promising way to visibly improve the quality of wastewater under practical conditions, showing great promise in resource-constrained regions. However, further studies using laboratory analyses, replicate trials, and optimization of filter design should be performed to scientifically confirm and scale up this approach.
This study aims to assess the risks associated with overseas energy investment projects of China, specifically focusing on wind power projects in Bangladesh. Using the FUZZY-DEMATEL method, the study analyzes the various risk factors of China’s overseas energy investments. The FUZZY-MCDM approach is applied to identify the main criteria and sub-criteria for these risk factors, with expert opinions used to evaluate the interactions between them. The results indicate that wind power projects face various risks, including political, environmental, economic, social, and technical risks. These five risk factors are further broken down into sub-criteria, where the cause group influences the effect group. This article aims to evaluate these risk criteria and recommend the best management strategies. It urges Chinese investors to carefully consider these risks when making investment decisions to reduce potential losses. Furthermore, the study seeks to guide the government in strengthening investment oversight, improving planning, and promoting corporate governance. Additionally, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of investment risk management within the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
The study focuses on developing an eco-friendly air purification system designed to reduce foul odors and harmful air pollutants in confined spaces and promote public health. The research utilized activated carbon derived from Moso bamboo charcoal, a renewable resource known for its high porosity and adsorption capacity, as the primary filtering medium within a portable vacuum-based device. Focusing in contributing to the environment, community, the health and safety medical respiratory purposes for individuals. Component and features include 2 DC Fan Blowers that acts as the input and output airflow of the vacuum, a small DC Switch for on and off activation, 12V Battery and lastly is the main filtering medium, the natural activated bamboo charcoal, not making use of any chemicals in the process of activation. Its function being the one who purifies or filters indoor air without relying on chemical-based air fresheners, promoting sustainability and environmental safety. This research highlights the importance of maintaining clean indoor air quality, the significance of this study lies in its potential to protect and save individuals exposed to poor air quality, which directly contributes to the safety and comfort of individuals, especially those with asthmatic or respiratory conditions and illnesses. By providing a sustainable and low-cost air purification solution, the study aims to minimize exposure to pollutants that may trigger asthma attacks or other breathing difficulties, promoting a healthier and safer living environment, and also contributing to achieve cleaner air and reducing air pollution.
Abstrat The Higher Institute of Medical Technology in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, is facing the problem of preventing occupational health and safety risks, the main cause of which is the lack of a risk management system. This study was conducted to determine the existence and functioning of the services responsible for this system and to develop an OHS risk map to strengthen risk management. Our study population was all of the institution's workers. We used an interrogation method, including an interview technique, to collect data. We used a questionnaire that we developed and administered to the respondents in the form of a structured interview. Furthermore, the results showed that this institute does not have any risk management services or risk mapping. This lack results in the cases of occupational illnesses and accidents that the institution records each year, as well as the exposure to various and permanent risks to which staff are subject. So it is obvious that the establishment can implement the occupational risk management system. And it is with this same logic that we had to develop the first OHS risk mapping of ISTM-KIN.
La Bible est un recueil d'écrits inspirés qui datent de plusieurs millénaires et ayant été la proie de transformations littéraires diverses et variées. Le Nouveau Testament à notre disposition de nos jours, est donc incontestablement le résultat d'un long processus de transmission traditionnel de nature orale ou écrite. Le texte de Matthieu 18:21-22 qui est un apax qui traite d'une thématique sociale vitale: le pardon, n'en fait pas exception et mérite aujourd'hui plus que jamais une attention soutenue dans un contexte mondial particulièrement marqué par des tensions des violences à la base de représailles de tout genre. Comment le lire ?
This study examined the effect of e-taxation on government revenue generation in Nigeria with particular emphasis on efficiency, accountability, and transparency. The increasing adoption of digital technologies in tax administration has transformed traditional tax collection systems by improving operational effectiveness and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies. Despite the introduction of e-taxation in Nigeria in 2015, empirical evidence on its effectiveness in enhancing government revenue through these dimensions remains limited. The study employed a survey research design using primary data collected through structured questionnaires administered to 120 employees of the Internal Revenue Service in Ado, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables and percentages, while hypotheses were tested using the chi-square statistical technique at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that e-taxation significantly enhances efficiency by reducing paperwork, improving data accuracy, streamlining tax collection processes, and increasing compliance among taxpayers. The study also found that accountability in e-taxation strengthens public trust through improved reporting, reduced corruption opportunities, and responsible tax management. Furthermore, transparency was found to promote better understanding of tax processes, reduce tax evasion, and improve citizens’ confidence in the tax system. The results of the chi-square analysis confirmed significant relationships between efficiency, accountability, transparency, and government revenue generation. The study concludes that the adoption of e-taxation plays a crucial role in improving revenue mobilization in Nigeria by enhancing administrative efficiency, strengthening accountability, and promoting transparency in tax administration. The study recommends that government should continue to strengthen digital tax infrastructure, improve technological accessibility, and enhance taxpayer education to maximize the benefits of e-taxation for sustainable revenue generation.
This study examined the effect of e-taxation on government revenue generation in Nigeria with particular emphasis on efficiency, accountability, and transparency. The increasing adoption of digital technologies in tax administration has transformed traditional tax collection systems by improving operational effectiveness and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies. Despite the introduction of e-taxation in Nigeria in 2015, empirical evidence on its effectiveness in enhancing government revenue through these dimensions remains limited. The study employed a survey research design using primary data collected through structured questionnaires administered to 120 employees of the Internal Revenue Service in Ado, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables and percentages, while hypotheses were tested using the chi-square statistical technique at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that e-taxation significantly enhances efficiency by reducing paperwork, improving data accuracy, streamlining tax collection processes, and increasing compliance among taxpayers. The study also found that accountability in e-taxation strengthens public trust through improved reporting, reduced corruption opportunities, and responsible tax management. Furthermore, transparency was found to promote better understanding of tax processes, reduce tax evasion, and improve citizens’ confidence in the tax system. The results of the chi-square analysis confirmed significant relationships between efficiency, accountability, transparency, and government revenue generation. The study concludes that the adoption of e-taxation plays a crucial role in improving revenue mobilization in Nigeria by enhancing administrative efficiency, strengthening accountability, and promoting transparency in tax administration. The study recommends that government should continue to strengthen digital tax infrastructure, improve technological accessibility, and enhance taxpayer education to maximize the benefits of e-taxation for sustainable revenue generation.
Urbanization has led to environments filled with waste that increasingly serve as new ecosystems, especially in cities of the Global South. Waste picking, which is the informal collection of recyclable materials, has been studied from social, economic, and public health perspectives. However, its function as an ecological process is not well understood. This study offers a systematic review that follows PRISMA guidelines, examining waste picking as an ecological process in urban novel ecosystems. It focuses on its ecological roles, associated risks, and sustainability outcomes. A structured search of major academic databases identified 63 peer-reviewed studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review shows that waste picking consistently influences material and nutrient flows, habitat structure, and trophic interactions. It serves as an ongoing disturbance and regulatory process within waste-driven urban ecosystems. Waste picking helps reduce waste and improve recycling efficiency. It alters scavenger populations and influences habitat diversity. However, these ecological roles come with important trade-offs, such as the redistribution of contaminants, habitat simplification, and increased interactions between humans and wildlife, which raise potential risks of zoonotic diseases. The review also suggests that sustainability outcomes are strongly tied to governance. While waste picking supports the aims of a circular economy and urban waste management, poorly designed formalization or exclusionary policies can damage both ecological processes and livelihoods. There remain significant gaps in knowledge, particularly related to ecosystem-scale processes, long-term effects, and research from Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings position waste picking as a crucial element of interconnected social and ecological systems in cities. Recognizing waste picking as an ecological process is essential for developing urban waste management and sustainability policies that are informed by ecological understanding, socially inclusive, and resilient.
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