Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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RESTRUCTURING STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF AIR TRAVEL AGENCIES IN KENYA []


Air Travel Agents offer vital services that create a one stop shop for air travelers who seek comprehensive booking services for travel and destination accommodation. In the past few years, traditional Air travel agents have encountered litany of challenges which have threatened their existence through poor performance. These challenges include Pandemics that halt Air travel, unpredictable clientele and extensive service delivery demands for impulsive travelers, periodic low seasons and unexpected travel cancellations, heightened competition and fast moving technological advances. Thus, this study, sought to investigate effect of restructuring strategies on performance for Air Travel Agencies in Kenya. The study established that downsizing strategy positively impacted on enhanced performance for air travel agents. Downsizing strategy resulted in cutting down significantly on operational costs which boosted operational efficiency for air travel agents. Study also found that outsourcing wielded positive impact on performance of air travel agents, as it resulted in enhancing efficiency and speeds of service delivery. Further the study established that operational reorganization strategy contributed in enhancing performance of air travel agents through eliminating wastage in personnel time and releasing firm resources for more core business activities which boosts overall productivity. Finally, the study established that technology integration strategy impacted in boosting operational efficiency, speed of task execution, increased visibility and more customer inquiries which increased sales and boosted performance of air travel agents.

HABITUDE ALIMENTAIRE DES MENAGES EN MILIEU RURAL []


La diversité des régimes alimentaires et la fréquence des repas sont insuffisantes. D’après les données les plus récentes (INS, USAID, et UNICEF 2019)4, chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 23 mois, seuls 8 % bénéficient d’une alimentation minimale acceptable. Il faut aussi noter que les données actuelles sur les régimes alimentaires au niveau national sont limitées (IPC 2016). Ceux-ci, nous a motiver de réaliser une étude sur l’évaluation de la consommation alimentaire des ménages en milieu rural. Notre étude a comme objectif général, d’évaluer les habitudes alimentais dans trois villages de territoire de kasongo wanyembo de la province de Haut-Lomami (Kiavié, Luabo, Luabo et Mweyi. Après analyse des données, les résultats montre que la source d’approvisionnement alimentaire principale etait l’agriculture avec 87 % à kiavié, 78 % à mweyi et 60 % à luabo ;à ce qui concerne le nombre de repas consommés par jour : les ménages qui ont consommé une fois par jour représente 53 % à mweyi, 47 % à kiavié et 20 % à luabo ; concerne stock d’aliment :0% à Mweyi et 27 % à Lwabo. Association manioc et maïs plus consommée à luabo soit 76 % et moins consommée à mweyi soit 22 % les légumes sont plus consommés soit 100 % à mweyi, 91 % à kiavié et 86 % à luabo ; les Viandes, poissons et œufs sont consommés sont moins consommés soit 11 % à kiavié, 16 % à mweyi et 47 % à luabo. Légumineuses consommées à 11 % mweyi,11 % à kiavié et 29 % à luabo ; fruits et les légumes sont consommés à 100 % à mweyi, 91 % à kiavié et 80 % à luabo ; viandes, poissons et œufs consommés à 16 % à mweyi, 24 % à kiavié et 47 % à luabo ; légumineuses consommées à 11 % mweyi,11 % à kiavié et 29 % à luabo ; lait et produits laitiers consommés à 0 % à mweyi, 2 % à kiavié et 20 % à luabo ; Score de consommation alimentaire inférieur à 21 : 4 % à luabo, 11 % à kiavié et 20 % à mweyi. En conclusion, le résultat n’est pas satisfaisant par rapport à la consommation des ménages, Cela suggère donc la prise des mesures pour sensibiliser et encourager la consommation d’aliments diversifies

CONTRIBUTION A L’APPLICABILITE DE LA PRESOMPTION DE CONNAISSANCE DE LA LOI ENDROIT CONGOLAIS []


La présomption de connaissance de la loi est la résultante de la maxime : « Nul n’est censé ignorer la loi », Cette maxime signifie que ce qui est su doit l’être de chacun, tandis que ce qui régit s’adresse à tous. Cela est tout à la fois vrai et faux. Vrai, parce qu’elle empêche quiconque d’invoquer l’ignorance de la loi pour échapper à ses devoirs et que la loi vise chacun d’entre nous. Faux, parce qu’elle est en réalité une fiction, et que la loi, à l’occasion de son parcours, ne s’applique pas à tous car certaines dispositions (conventionnelles, transitoires, droits acquis…) compliquent le travail du législateur, du juge et du justiciable. Notre réflexion, sans récuser ce principe, en démontre les limites, en atténue les conséquences, pour le plus grand avantage des justiciables.

Quality Management System (QMS) of Roxas National High School in Baguio City []


This study aimed to assess the awareness, compliance, and implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) in Roxas National High School, Baguio City. The respondents are the teaching, non-teaching, parents, and arangay officials of the school. The study employed descriptive correlation design using the 4 point-Likert scale questionnaires as the main gathering tool of this study. Purposive and convenience sampling were used to determine the sample size and to determine the relationship among the variables, Spearman rho analysis was employed to understand the strength of the relationship between the variables. The salient findings of the study are as follows: The level of awareness of teaching and non-teaching employees on the eight (8) principles of Quality Management System is moderately aware; the level of compliance of teaching and non-teaching to Quality Management System is much complied by the teaching and non-teaching personnel and the overall level of implementation of the eight principles of Quality Management System to Roxas National High School is much implemented. The respondents’ level of compliance depends on how aware they are of the eight principles of the Quality Management System in their school and to what extent it is implemented. Likewise, the awareness of the QMS depends on how the management implements the principles in the school organization which could increase awareness and compliance with QMS.

MARITIME HUBS: THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF BOAT TERMINALS IN ENHANCING TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS []


Abstract Boat terminals are vital to promoting connection and enhancing community life but are sometimes disregarded in the splendor of bigger transit systems. This abstract explores the value of these marine hubs in improving transportation systems, particularly in areas where waterways are a natural source of movement. This study examines how boat ports serve as crucial connectors, effortlessly tying rural villages to the outside world using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. These terminals make it simple for boat users to move about and promote a pleasurable travel experience by utilizing cutting-edge technologies and placing a high priority on safety measures. Boat terminals are revealed to be key accelerators for regional development as well as transportation hubs by the influence they have on the local economy and trading. The purpose of this abstract is to highlight the sometimes-overlooked contributions made by boat terminals to the larger body of architectural wonders that enhance transit systems and foster neighborhood cohesion.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION SELECTED OF SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR COBALT (II) COMPLEXES []


Schiff base ligand and their metal complexes have attracted the attention of researchers due to their interesting bio-logical activity. Structural modification of Schiff base ligand and their metal complexes changes their chemical and physical properties hence affecting their biological activity. In this work, synthesis of the Schiff bases was done by mixing 5-bromosalicyaldehyde and selected anilines in ratio of 1:1 and then refluxed under ethanol solution for 4 hours. To obtain the respective complexes, hydrated cobalt (II) chloride was added to respective Schiff base ligand in ethanol solution and then heated under for 3 hours under reflux. The precipitate obtained was filtered and dried at ambient temperature. The compounds obtained melted at constant temperature, indicating that were all pure. They were later characterized with Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-VIS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra of the ligands ranged from 1612-1614 cm-1 attributed to CH=N bond stretching vibration, on complexing the ligand to Co (II), the band shifted to lower frequency. The peak due to OH appeared at range of 3472-3478cm-1 which disappeared on complex formation. 1H NMR spectra of CH=N proton appeared at 8.14ppm and 8.22ppm due to 5-bromosalicylidene-aniline (BA) and 5-bromosalicylidene-4-Nitroaniline (BN) respectively. On formation of BA and BN complexes their peaks shifted downfield. The peak at 9.28-10.19ppm is due to hydroxyl group proton of BA and BN Schiff bases respectively. The hydroxyl proton peaks disappeared on complex formation. The 13C NMR spectra appeared 155-159ppm re-spectively due to BA and BN azomethine carbon respectively. On complex formation, the peak shifted up field to 163-165ppm respectively. The peak at 159-161ppm is due to phenolic carbon spectra of BN and BA respectively. On coordinating the ligand to Co (II), all the peaks shifted up field. The Uv-vis spectra of the ligands appeared at 269-274nm due to transition of non-bonding electrons of azomethine nitrogen of BN and BA respectively. These spectra underwent blue shift on complexes formation. These shifts in peaks indicated that the ligands coordinated to Co (II) through nitrogen and oxygen atom.

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY EVIDENCE FROM LISTED AGRICULTURE FIRMS IN NIGERIA []


KeyWords: Account receivables, Account payable, Current ratio, Inventory turnover, Quick ratio and Return on assets ABSTRACT This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of working capital management and profitability evidence from listed agriculture firms in Nigeria. The study used exposit facto research design. The population of the study was the five listed agricultural companies as at 31st December 2021 while the sample size was four listed agricultural companies using purposive sampling techniques because of the availability of complete data set for the period under study. Working capital management was proxies by account payable, inventory turnover, account payable, cash conversion period, current ratio and quick ratio while firm size was used as control variable to account for any difference in firm size among the firms and return on assets was used to proxy profitability. The study covered a period of 13 years (2009- 2021). Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson correlation matrix was adopted and panel data analysis (Pooled ordinary least square) was adopted in testing the hypotheses. The findings showed that account receivables and inventory turnover had positive and statistically significant effect on profitability (return on assets) of listed agriculture firms in Nigeria. Account payable and cash conversion had negative and statistically significant effect on profitability while current ratio and quick ratio had positive and statistically insignificant effect on profitability of listed agricultural firm for the period studied. Based on these findings, we concluded that working capital management is very crucial at all level of sector and its need proper management in order to achieve better profit from any business and invariably im-prove firm performance. The study concluded that management should put proper procedure in place for better working capital management in order to improve their profitability and achieve better performance in the long run.

Review article on Linum usitatissimum L., bioactive compounds and its medicinal importance. []


Flaxseed has recently gained much importance as a functional food ingredient for human nutrition as its consumption has been demonstrated to provide health benefits including decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, particularly of the mammary, prostate gland and colon cancers, anti-inflammatory activity, decreasing rate of tumor growth, reducing serum cholesterol level, laxative effect, and alleviation of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis (Muir and Westcott, 2003; Hemmings et al., 2004; Hosseinian et al., 2006; Toure and Xueming, 2010). In addition to these effects, flaxseed confers beneficial renal function, mediates bone health and exerts strong phytoestrogenic and therapeutic effect in reducing the risk of hormone related cancers.

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE RIGHT TO CLEAN ENVIRONMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA AREA OF NIGERIA []


To many people, the term environment conjures up idea of global warning, the greenhouse effect and the vulnerability of certain species of animals or even the planet earth itself, it is any proclamation of a human rights to environmental conditions of specified quality of human rights and the environment. Chapter 11 of the constitution of the Federal republic of Nigeria 1999 in it fundamental objectives and directive principle of the state policy direct the state to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the water, land, air, forest and wildlife of Nigeria. The right to clean or healthy environment is one of the most controversial emerging rights since the agitation for the recognition of the link between human rights and the environment that started obtaining recognition at international law. Basically, the constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended in its section 44(3) and item 39 schedule of the exclusive legislative list vests the control and management of the natural resources and hydrocarbon operations on the federal government for the common good and benefits of the citizens. This paper examines the Nigeria experience in the advancement of the right to clean environment.

The Impact of Russia-Ukraine conflict on Brent Crude prices []


This study investigates the impact of the Russia- Ukraine conflict on Brent Crude commodity pricing using World Bank time series data. The conflict’s influence on global oil and gas markets, characterized by intricate supply and demand dynamics, is analyzed through advanced time series techniques and machine learning modeling. Univariate models such as Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) and Partial Auto-Correlation Function (PACF) are employed to discern temporal patterns in Brent Crude prices. Additionally, Seasonal Autoregressive Inte- grated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing State Space (ETS) models are utilized to capture complex seasonality and trends in the data. Moving beyond traditional methods, multivari ate models are leveraged to comprehensively grasp the multifaceted impact of the conflict. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis are applied to uncover latent variables influencing Brent Crude pricing in the context of global trade disruptions, inflation, and diplomatic negotiations. These extracted components are then integrated with ensemble machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, Extra Tree Classifier, Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Decision Trees. The fusion of multivariate time series analysis and machine learning empowers a holistic understanding of the conflict’s intricate repercussions on commodity prices. Through a comprehensive exploration of time series data and advanced machine learning modeling, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between the Russia-Ukraine conflict and global commodity pricing. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors seeking to navigate the complex landscape of commodity markets during periods of geopolitical instability.

ABUNDANCE AND COMPOSITION OF AQUATIC INSECTSOF OWENA RIVER,ONDO STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA. []


Investigation on aquatic insect’s composition of Owena River in Ondo state was carried out from march to April,2021.Aquatic insects were collected from two sampling stations used in the study. A total of 187 aquatic insects individuals were collected consisting of five (5) orders and 15 families.The order Coleoptera was the most abundant order with a high number of individuals recorded in the two station while least individuals were recorded from the order Odonata. Hemiptera is the dominant order in which 6 different genera were collected during this study. Absence of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in station 2 indicate pollution in the station and therefore there is need for proper management. Keyword: Aquatic pollution, pollutant, aquatic insects, water quality

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO URBAN REVITALIZATION THROUGH MIXED-USE DEVELOPENT IN PORT HARCOURT []


This journal seeks to apply architectural intervention in residual urban spaces as a catalyst for transformation and revitalization. The main goal of the study is to design a sustainable infrastructure and environment that would combine a variety of purposes and be used by members of the community as it is designed such that architecture is interactive and flexible so that the users would be able to transform the space. Today, urban areas in Nigeria suffer from little or no investment actions in proper urban developments and the continuous duplications of single use buildings. The aim of this proposition is to study the developmental practicability of a Mixed-use development in our environment. A Mixed-use development combines different uses in one structure or neighbourhood and has worked in so many developing cities all over the world such as Cape Town, Tokyo, Bangkok, Istanbul because it encourages high quality design by providing both greater flexibility and more control. The contention being made is straight forward; ‘if it can work there, then why can’t it work here?’ and ‘what needs to be done for it to work here?’ The aim of mixed-use development is to promote and motivate adequate urban community revitalization through the use of mixed-use spaces to curtail excessive land use, enhance vitality and guides development toward established areas, protecting outlying rural areas and environmentally sensitive resources. Relevant data for the study was collected from both primary and secondary sources and descriptive analysis used to analyse the data. This thesis will practically focus on bringing about the correct advances necessary to rejuvenate, invigorate, reinforce, and renew the cityscape. The key requirement of this project is a wide range of significant surveys and analysis to identify the best valuable strategies that will achieve quality developments at reduced costs and an increased return on investments to ultimately improve a municipality’s Commonwealth Capital score. Mixed-use developments are the future of urban architecture; this project pledges to the best of its ability to offer major influence to the increased economic value of Port Harcourt city and providing a complete revitalization of the city’s landscape.

The Impact of the Managers’ Management and Leadership Style on Organizational Profitability and Employees’ Performance in the Arab Sector of Israel []


The existing research suggests that leadership styles significantly influence their employees' career prospects. However, this literature analysis found that management approaches, as applied specifically toward Israel's Arab sector workforce, lacked critical insight. This research investigated how distinct managerial approaches impact factors such as employee motivation, impacts of leadership styles on organisational culture and employee satisfaction, and performance to bridge this information gap. Using survey methods, this study featured 400 employees from the Arab sector across several organisations using purposive sampling. The results suggest that the sort of leadership managers choose to exercise plays a significant role in shaping different aspects of their employee’s work assignments. Additionally, Job satisfaction, performance, and employee engagement were positively correlated

Does Size Moderate the Relationship Between Financial Performance and Dividend Policy? Evidence from Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange []


Managers continuously confront challenging choices regarding dividend, with varying strategic options having both good and bad effects on the company's financial performance. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of financial performance on dividend policy of firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). The specific objectives of this study were to examine the effect of accounting based measures, market based measures and moderating role of firm size on financial performance of firms listed at the NSE. The study was anchored by signaling theory, free cash flow theory and agency theory. This study utilized descriptive survey research design. The study focused on 63 firms listed at NSE. A census of all firms listed at NSE was undertaken. Secondary data was used and was obtained from the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) and from the financial statements in the websites of the listed firms due to its availability. The study data was collected from the period between 2016 and 2020. The study further carried out multiple regression models to test the relationship between variables and the extent to which they influence each other. Data was presented using tables and figures. The findings revealed size moderated the nexus between financial performance and dividend policy.

Evaluation Of Stress In Dentoalveolar And Skeletal Structures Of Maxilla And Mandible With Forsus Appliance And Advansync 2 – Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. []


Objectives: The objective of this study was to • To determine stress on dentoalveolar and skeletal structures of maxilla and mandible with Forsus appliance with the help of Finite element analysis • To determine stress on dentoalveolar and skeletal structures of maxilla and mandible with Advansync 2 appliance with the help of Finite element analysis Design: Three dimensional Finite element analysis. Setting: The study was carried out in lab using Hypermesh, Reverse engineering and Ansys software and preavailable CT scan of skull. Material and Method: Bone and tooth morphology of skull was obtained through pre available CBCT scan and no human was involved during this study. The overall geometry was assembled and meshed using HyperMesh. Different components were created for attaching properties to cortical, cancellous, periodontal ligament, and teeth structure. The geometry was meshed with solid elements. The material properties assigned was Young’s modulus and the Poisson ratio. The Fixed functional appliance used for study were Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (3M Unitek, USA) and Advansync 2 (Ormco Co, Glendora, Calif). The meshed finite element model will be imported and analyzed using Ansys software after application of loads. Results: The displacement vector and von misses stresses were evaluated. The overall displacement produced more by Advansync 2 that was 0.0000748mm compared to Forsus appliance that was 0.0000607mm. The overall stress was seen more with Forsus appliance 0.029709MPa compared to Advansync 2 0.02282MPa . Conclusion: Advansync produces more skeletal effects with less stress unlike Forsus appliance whose displacement is mainly dentoalveolar in nature. Keywords: Forsus Fatigue Resistant device, Advansync 2, Fintite element analysis, Von misses stresses, Displacement vector

Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Selected North Central States of Nigeria: Implications for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management []


This paper examines the farmers-herders conflicts in parts of North-central Nigeria and its implications for disaster risk reduction and management. In recent times, States in the North-central region of Nigeria especially Benue, Plateau and Nasarawa have experienced clashes between pastoralists and farmers. The study adopted the cross sectional research design while the sample size of the study comprised of 1,200 persons selected from three States of the North Central. The result showed that the causes of conflicts in the areas included encroachment/indiscriminate use of farmlands by herders/nomads; overgrazing of fallow lands; destruction of crops by herders’ cattle; and poor communication between farmers and nomads, these conflicts has had socio-economic impacts such as decrease in farming production and output, food shortages, abandonment of crops on the farm, high cost of food and other items, unsafe environment for agricultural production and loss of lives and properties. The strategies applied to reduce and mitigate the effects of this conflict seems to be inadequate and ineffective. The study recommends that Government and all stakeholders must join hands together to reduce or stop these conflicts so as to ensure food security and safety of lives and properties in the North Central states of Nigeria. Keywords: Farmer-herders conflicts, Disaster risk management, food security.

Prevelance of COVID 19 in Rawalpindi Pakistan []


The Abstract of the study provides a concise overview of the comprehensive analysis conducted on the impact of COVID-19 in the Rawalpindi-Islamabad region. Examining a diverse demographic of 100 participants, the study delves into the prevalence of symptoms, adoption of preventive measures, healthcare utilization, and perceptions of government responses. Findings reveal distinct patterns in age, gender, and occupation, shedding light on the pandemic's multifaceted influence. By presenting statistical figures alongside qualitative insights, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the pandemic's implications. The results advocate for targeted interventions, equitable healthcare access, and strategic communication strategies to enhance community well-being.

Understanding the influence of Strategy control – monitoring and evaluation on strategy implementation success []


Background Although a lot of research has been carried out in the field of strategic management and specifically strategy implementation, very little has been carried out on hybrid (Public-Private mandated) organisations known as commercialised state enterprises in Zimbabwe. Effectively knowing that more than 60% of strategy initiatives fail at implementation stage, there is a need to understand how commercialised state enterprises monitor their strategy implementation activities. Purpose: The study sought to empirically examine the influence of strategy control- monitoring and evaluation on strategy implementation in Commercialised State Owned Enterprises in the Communication Technology and Courier Services Sector of Zimbabwe (CSOEZ). Study design/methodology/approach: The inquiry was based on a 5-point level of agreement Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 478 branch managers and employees. Survey data was presented through percentile descriptive statistics and measures of central tendencies of mean, mode and standard deviation whilst ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Findings/conclusions: The study’s regression analysis confirmed the positive relationship between adequate strategy control (monitoring and evaluation) and the number of unattained objectives during strategy implementation. The study concluded that there are inadequate strategy control (monitoring and evaluation) systems during strategy implementation in CSOEZ. The study recommends formative and summative strategy controls and evaluations as they enables strategy implementers and low-level management to learn and take ownership of the implementation process as well as obtain concurrent performance feedback that enhances implementation success.

Investigation On the Social Impact of Green Hydrogen Adoption: Case Study of Energy Transition in Oman []


The energy transition in Oman considers green hydrogen as an initial element for its orderly transition to a net zero emission national strategy released in November 2022, in alignment with the Paris Agreement for zero carbon emissions by the year 2050. Considering this goal, the Oman government introduced five guidelines to fully establish the energy transition: energy system cost, environmental impact, social impact, economic impact, and security of supply. This study focuses on the social impact, where it aims to investigate the social impact of green hydrogen initiatives in Oman, measuring the green hydrogen technology adoption from three different aspects: public acceptance, private sector and investor trust, and infrastructure readiness. This study utilised a questionnaire approach for a random population to understand the social perceptions of the community. This study on the social impact in Oman seeks critical findings that influence public behaviours and beliefs toward green hydrogen technology, investor willingness and private sector trust to participate in the field, and infrastructure impacts. The outcome of this research was evaluated to identify the current social impact in Oman and provide recommendations that attempt to support this energy transition.

EXAMINING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AGAINST VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA. []


Woman’s right is an aspect of human rights reason being that human rights are applicable regardless of race, colour, sex or other distinctions which cannot be withdrawn by any person or government except under circumstances provided under the law of the land. Laws have been battling to cub the rate of domestic violence and woman slavery in Nigeria, but till this moment, the goal is yet to be achieved. There are plethora of legal regimes put in place by the Federal government, various States across the country, and international laws to eradicate domestic violence in Nigeria. But all seems not to have curtailed the rate of violation of human rights and domestic violence. This research appraised the laws provided for the protection of women in Nigeria, the general objective of this research is to look at the provisions of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) and other relevant laws for the protection of women. To further adumbrate on the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 and the inchoate offences thereunder. Finally, this research looked at some state laws and International Instruments for the Protection of Woman against Violence in Nigeria and prefer suggestion on how to curb violence against women in Nigeria. The research methodology adopted is doctrinal method by consulting text books, articles, journals and internet sources. Keywords: discrimination, domestic violence, harassment, torture, physical abuse, rights and legal framework.

Water Quality Monitoring in Blue Nile State, 2019 []


ABSTRACT Background: The quality of water is affected by an increase in anthropogenic activities and any pollution either physical or chemical causes changes to the quality of the receiving water body Objectives: This study aimed to assess the water sources and identify the risks. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study water source-based was conducted in Blue Nile State. A number of 543 samples from different water sources were taken in the seven localities of Blue Nile state and assessment of water quality was conducted according to WHO Guidelines. Results: The mean value of turbidity was 22.6 NTU, the mean pH was 7.3, the mean TDS value was 17.9 mg/l and the mean EC value was 22.8μS/cm. The mean value of Flour was 2.90 mg/l, the mean value of No3 value was 13.6 mg/l and the mean value of Fe was 10.3 mg/l. Conclusion: On the basis of findings, it was concluded that drinking water of the study areas was that all physico– chemical parameters except increased of turbidity and Fe levels above WHO recommendations. All the Blue Nile state sources of drinking water sampling sites were consistent with World Health Organization standard for drinking water (WHO). Keywords: water quality monitoring, Blue Nile state, Sudan.

Successful Response to Cholera Outbreak in Nutrition and Pediatrics Ward, Blue Nile State, 2019: Case Report []


ABSTRACT Background: Notably, most healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are transmitted through the hands of healthcare workers through direct contact or environmental contamination. Therefore, hand washing remains the single most important preventive strategy. Objectives: This case report aimed to evaluate the intervention of WASH regarding cholera outbreak in Damazin hospital. Materials and methods: Pre and post Wash intervention was applied in Damazin hospital during cholera outbreak. Results: WASH Integrated Interventions applied in the Pediatric ward during 17 Sept - 30 Nov 2019 was resulting in zero case of cholera. Conclusion: WASH intervention was unique in elimination of cholera outbreak in Damazin hospital. Keywords: Damazin hospital, Blue Nile state, Sudan.

Assessment of Health Facilities in Blue Nile State, 2019 []


ABSTRACT Background: Notably, most healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are transmitted through the hands of healthcare workers through direct contact or environmental contamination. Therefore, hand washing remains the single most important preventive strategy. Objectives: This study aimed to contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality by scaling up the availability and quality of WASH interventions in HFs. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study health facility-based was conducted in Blue Nile State. Seven functional hospitals were selected out of 16 hospitals in Blue Nile State randomly. HCFs were assessed using a validated WASH Conditions (checklist). Results: The availability of water point in the surveyed health facilities was 18 (36%). The storage water capacity at surveyed health facilities was 41.7% with functional water points of 25%. The proportion of excreta disposal facility at surveyed health facilities was 72.2%. The proportion of hand washing facility available at toilet facilities at surveyed health facilities was found 57.3% with functional hand washing facility 67.3%. The hand washing facility at all surveyed health facilities was poor. The majority of places of where health facility disposes of its waste and rubbish at surveyed health facilities was transported off the facility compound 71.4% and burned on. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate limitations in provision of WASH services in HCFs, and indicate the need for deliberate and strategic investments in healthcare WASH services, especially in terms of hand washing facility and sanitation facility and waste management. We therefore suggest improvements in WASH conditions in HCFs to improve healthcare seeking among patients. Keywords: Health facilities, Blue Nile state, Sudan.

Reviewing Assessment of Surface Water Potential and Irrigation Development in Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges in Harnessing Water Resources for Agricultural Development []


This literature review explores essential subjects such hydrological modeling methods, water availability estimates, land suitability, and irrigation potential by drawing on a variety of academic papers, reports, and research studies conducted in Africa. It intends to offer beneficial insights for water resource managers and practitioners engaged in the formulation, execution, and assessment of irrigation projects in Ethiopia and other African nations. The study focuses on the possible accessibility of surface water for irrigation in various Ethiopian basins. It draws attention to the difficulties that remain in maximizing this potential, including inadequate infrastructure, a lack of storage space, and ineffective water management techniques. The evaluation also looks at the potential for enhancing the use of surface water resources as well as the existing level of land suitability for irrigation development across the African continent, with a focus on Ethiopia.

CONSERVATIVE METHODS OF LIGHTING AND VENTILATION IN A BUILDING: CASE STUDY, AMPHITHEATRE OF RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY. []


The impact of natural lighting and ventilation deficiencies in buildings is a cause for concern. Findings from energy consumption research and data values, show that energy consumption in residential buildings is more from heating and ventilation, and from lighting in public buildings, with the Rivers State University's Amphitheatre falling within this category. This research therefore seeks to provide a solution that would lead to the proliferation of an energy conscious design to facilitate a sustainable architecture. The case study research approach was used as a Problem-solving method to investigate the problems associated with the Rivers State University's Amphitheatre as regards ventilation and lighting and proffer amenable solutions to it. The research showed that as much as natural lighting and ventilation are needed for the proper functioning of a building, it cannot fully meet its demand requirement, and would therefore require the combination of both natural and artificial means to ensure balance. KEYWORDS: Indoor Air Quality (IEQ), Visual Comfort, Lighting, Ventilation

Strategies for Obtaining Intelligence Function in Infrastructure Security: []


Strategies for Obtaining Intelligence Function in Infrastructure Security: Zems Mathias, SP. Retd, Ph.D. Africa Regional Representative Professor of Intelligence & Security Studies The University of America, Temecula, California, USA. This article aimed to address intelligence-gathering techniques for infrastructure security in Nigeria in general and the Niger Delta in particular. The objectives of the study were to: comprehend some of the intricate issues that were different. This article aimed to address intelligence-gathering techniques for infrastructure security in Nigeria in general and the Niger Delta in particular. The study set out to understand some of the complex issues that different economic sector operators deal with on a daily basis; to network, strategize, and discuss key issues affecting job creation, economic development and regeneration, and business start-ups; and to facilitate direct access to policymakers and stakeholders in the defense and security sectors in order to develop and strengthen existing and new opportunities and ensure that the study's objectives were realized. The research project investigated intelligence activities in Nigeria using a case study. It covered a wide range of themes, including the public's perception of infrastructure security, the sources and functions of intelligence, their utilization, classifications, and the intelligence management cycle. It was proposed that managers of all security intelligence agencies should have access to the intelligence function and that it be effectively consolidated and coordinated. Additionally, the government ought to put in place a strong security framework that includes the police, military, paramilitary, and epistemic intelligence organizations. The intelligence community should also be equipped with the means to perform its duties, unhindered by political favor, retaliation, or other forms of interference. It is everyone's obligation to address the infrastructure security concerns facing Nigeria.