Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
L’entre-aide et la fraternité représentent les principales valeurs spirituelles de l’Afrique en général et de la République Démocratique du Congo en particulier. Soutenir, aider, contribuer et partager sont des verbes principaux de nous africains. Dans nos cultures, il est naturel d’apporter son soutien à un proche dans le bonheur tout comme dans une situation malheureuse. La communauté est à la fois notre porte – monnaie, éducation, expérience, sommier, consolation… la communauté représente tout. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à analyser la tontine, une pratique financière informelle face aux aspects socioculturels du Maniema afin de voir son mode de fonctionnement et les difficultés rencontrées dans cette activité informelle. Nous avons abouti aux résultats selon lesquels les tontines constituent un cadre de sécurité pour les femmes et pour les hommes un moyen d’obtenir les financements de leurs activités à moindre coût, si ce n’est que le temps. La participation aux tontines, donne aux femmes l’occasion d’étendre leur réseau social qu’elles peuvent mobiliser pour faire face à une adversité, un besoin ponctuel d’aide financière.
Doumbia S 1 ; Traore M2 *; Poda G1 ; O Traoré 2 ; D Samaké3 ; BS Kéita4 ; M Mariko6 ; M Mariko2 ; D Goita 2 ; DS Coulibaly7 ; IKonaté8 ; A Diarra8 ; S Dao8
Summary : Introduction/aims: Combination therapy with at least three different antiretroviral drugs is now the standard treatment for all people newly diagnosed with HIV. Combination antiretroviral therapy stops HIV from multiplying and can suppress HIV to undetectable levels in the blood. This allows a person's immune system to recover, overcome infections, and prevent the development of AIDS and other long-term effects of HIV infection. The aim of our study was to assess the state of health of patients on dolutegravir and followed up over 12 months at the CSRéf of commune V. Method: We followed up the evolution of clinical and biological parameters in patients on antiretroviral triple therapy. The variables concerned were the blood count, the viral load and the assays (hemoglobin level, glycaemia, creatinaemia, ALAT), at M0, at M6 and at M12. Results: The female gender was the most represented, i.e. 63.2% of patients, The age group (45 years and over) represents the majority of our sample, i.e. 49.1%. Only 29.8% of our patients weighed less than or equal to 60 kg at the start of treatment. Patients infected with HIV1 were in the majority, i.e. 85.1%. The rate of patients weighing ≥ 60 kg did not statistically increase from inclusion (35.1%) to M12 (36.80%) p=0.416. The rate of non-compliant patients did not experience any statistically significant change: 46.5% at M1; 36.8% at M6; 41.2 to M12. p=1.101, KHI2=138.105. The rate of patients who switched treatment regimens did not experience a statistically significant change from M1 (3.5%) to M6 (4.4%) and M12 (0.9%). P=0.890, KHI2 90.408. In total, only 4.4% of our patients underwent a therapeutic change, ie 2.6% for side effects and 1.8% for stock-out reasons. The difference was statistically significant. p=0.0066, KHI2=94.312. The majority of patients had mild anemia at the start of treatment, ie 86% of our patients. The rate of patients with high ALAT was 20.2% against 79.8% for those with normal ALAT. Serum creatinine for the majority of our patients was normal at 92.1%. The rate of patients with normal blood sugar levels was the majority at the start of treatment, ie 81.6%. The rate of patients with an undetectable VL experienced a statistically significant increase: from 15.8% at M6 and 21.9% at M12. P=0.0000142, KHI2 2.299. Conclusion: This study shows that the biological disorders observed before the initiation of ARV treatment gradually regressed, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of antiretroviral triple therapy based on dolutegravir on HIV infection. Keywords: HIV- Dolutegravir- biological parameters.
Soil is one of the most vital building materials as it is the foundation of every construction project. Hence, constructing on sites with good soil conditions is a crucial engineering decision. This laboratory study aims to investigate the effects of eggshell powder contents and curing times on the strength behaviour of soft clays stabilized with fly ash (FA) and eggshell powder (ESP). To achieve this, direct shear and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on soft clays samples mixed with a constant percentage of FA (20% by weight) and varying amounts of ESP (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% by weight) at different curing times (2 hours, 7 days, and 28 days). By ensuring the presence of 20% fly ash in all samples, each proportion of eggshell powder was combined with fly ash to create four distinct sample mixes. The findings show that increasing ESP content significantly enhances the shear strength of the stabilized soil, with the improvement becoming more pronounced with longer curing times. Samples treated with higher ESP content exhibits greater shear strength parameters and unconfined compressive strength compared to those with lower ESP content. Furthermore, it is obvious that the increase in curing duration significantly improved the cohesion, the internal friction angle and the UCS of the stabilized samples. A similarity was observed in the pattern of the shear strength versus ESP content curves, indicating a relatively uniform relationship between them. In the present study, the optimal content of eggshell powder added to the soft clay-fly ash mixture was found to be 12%, which can be valuable for future applications. Keywords: Curing Time, Eggshell Powder, Fly Ash, Soft Clays, Soil Stabilization, Strength Behaviour
The purpose of this research is to look at the post-pandemic impact of globalization on small enterprises in Oman, and to investigate on how globalization has affected small companies in Oman as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify the problems and possibilities that have evolved in this setting. The research employs a mixed approach strategy that includes both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Surveys are being done in Oman with small company owners and stakeholders to obtain data. The study's major findings show that the post-pandemic period in Oman brought a complicated combination of problems and possibilities for small enterprises. On one hand, pandemic-related disruptions to global supply chains and market dynamics have hampered small firms' access to resources, markets, and consumers. Accelerated digitalization and growing consumer reliance on online platforms, on the other hand, have offered new options for development and expansion. Keywords: globalization, Oman small enterprises, post COVID-19 pandemic challenges, strategic adaptation
The business process of regulating and controlling cash as well as employing it for a short-term investment is known as cash flow management. In business, whatever is done financially affects the result; cash is essential for any firm. Every business should have funds on hand or at least connected to cash to pay for the products and services it consumes and, as a result, remain in business. The purpose of this research is to examine the cash flow management system of Bank Al Ahly, the variables influencing this procedure in the bank, and to provide remedies to address these difficulties. The suggestions in this study will serve to enhance the financial system by revealing how to handle the cash flow statement, operating income, and balance sheet. To meet the study's aim, this research employs both primary and secondary research resources. A questionnaire was distributed to Bank Al Ahly team managers to examine cashflow figures. Secondary information was gathered through online resources such as the MEC e-library, journals, books, and websites. The findings resulted that the cash flow played a role in the performance of the bank cashflow in the bank and from the recommendations and solutions shared by the respondents that the bank should know how to manage the inflows and outflows of the bank and check the customer retention to get benefit from the principal player in banks. Keywords: balance sheet, cashflow statement, cashflow management, financial system, operating income
Tourism is one of the fast-growing and highly popular industries in Oman. Millions of people from all around the world visit Oman every year to witness its natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage. It is one of the highly profitable industries and thus, is not just limited to sightseeing and exploring various places. It also contributes to local businesses like hotels, guest houses, family-run restaurants, handcrafts and many more. Tourism has grown far beyond its field and influenced the activities of small and medium-sized businesses that are associated with it. This has allowed local people to better showcase Omani culture to the outside world. In order for these local businesses to flourish alongside the tourism industry, there is much-needed support and effort required. One such effort can be made by promoting local businesses using online platforms like web applications and social media. This is where our website called Safar comes into the picture. As being a web application developed for tourism purposes that provides all the necessary services that a tourist requires and can look for in any application. The application highly focuses on supporting local businesses and promoting them to tourists so that they can experience the authentic Omani culture and feel the rich heritage of the land. This research used both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The primary data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from articles and online papers. Thus, the paper focuses on how web applications like Safar can be used for improving the quality of services and promoting local Omani businesses in the Oman Tourism sector. Keywords: affordable tour, local businesses, Oman tourism, safar, tourism
This paper presents facts and figures related to medical centrifuges and reviews various historical aspects, directly or indirectly, concerned with medical equipment reliability including classifications of centrifuge, function, design and other professionals to improve centrifuge reliability. A number of error was careful considered in aspect of design consideration. Centrifugation separates particles within the specimen according to their shape, dimensions, and density and basically can be defined as a separation method. The centrifuge is an essential device in medical laboratories to prepare the serum, plasma, and urine samples for analysis.
The purpose of this research is to find (1) the existing degrees of green HRM and green work behaviour including green organisational citizenship behaviour, green interpersonal citizenship behaviour and green official behaviour, (2) the relationships between green HRM and green work behaviour components and (3) the impact of green HRM on green work behaviour components. The originality of this paper is high as it fills an empirical gap regarding the syntheses between green HRM and green behaviour components, i.e., green organisational citizenship behaviour and green interpersonal citizenship behaviour. As the sample of the study, 100 executive and non-executive employees of a recognized Tile Manufacturing Company in Sri Lanka were randomly chosen and two instruments to measure the constructs were developed and their validity and reliability were assured. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression techniques through SPSS statistical software to achieve the research objectives. It is founded that green HRM is positively related to green work behaviour components (green organisational citizenship behaviour, green interpersonal citizenship behaviour and green official behaviour) and green HRM significantly impacts on green work behaviour.
TITLE : THE EFFECTS OF ENHANCED SCHOOL –BASED FEEDING PROGRAM ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN THE DISTRICT OF TAYTAY I – A AUTHOR : Carmena N. Belaran ADVISER : Dr. Emelita F. Jimenez COURSE : Master of Arts in Education MAJOR : Educational Management TYPE OF DOCUMENT : Master’s Thesis NAME AND ADDRESS OF INSTITUTION: Tomas Claudio Colleges, Morong, Rizal Methodology Descriptive Survey Research Design Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations This study aimed to determine the extent of effects of enhanced school-based feeding program on the academic performance of pupils in public elementary schools in the District of Taytay I-A. These schools include Felix M. Sanvictores Elementary School, Sitio Simona Elementary School, Sitio Tapayan Elementary School, and Taytay Elementary School. The study considered 100 pupil-beneficiaries of enhanced school based feeding program in the said district. Moreover, their parents were considered respondents. From July to March of School Year 2017-2018, these pupils were under the enhanced school-based feeding program wherein each pupil was entitled for a free breakfast and lunch three times a week. The fund of the enhanced school-based feeding program came from the school canteen of the public elementary schools which is the project of each school. Each quarter, the subjects underwent assessment through average grade and measure of body mass index. The pupil-beneficiaries were described in terms of sex, monthly family income and number of children in the family. On the other hand, parent respondents were given the questionnaire-checklist to determine the effects of school-based feeding program on the academic performance of the pupils with respect and motivation to learn, class participation and co-curricular involvement. Descriptive survey research design was applied. Documentary analysis was also used since the average grades of the pupil-beneficiaries were taken from their form 138 as basis of their academic performance. The study revealed that most of the pupil-beneficiaries are males, Majority belong to families with monthly income of ₱11,000-₱15,000. Most of them are either 5th or 3rd born child. Many among them belong to family with 2-3 children. The level of academic performance of pupil-beneficiaries is Satisfactory. The effects of enhanced school feeding program on the performance of the pupils as perceived by their parents with respect to motivation to learn and co-curricular involvement is Much. However, the effect is Moderate when it comes to class participation. The effects of school-based feeding program on the performance of pupil-beneficiaries with respect to motivation to learn class participation and co-curricular involvement when grouped by sex, sibling position, monthly family income and number of children in the family is Significant. The perceived effects of enhanced school-based feeding program with respect to motivation to learn, class participation and co-curricular involvement is Significantly correlated to the academic performance of pupil-recipients. The study concluded sex, sibling position, monthly family income and number of children are variables the affect the perceived effects of the school-based feeding program on the performance of pupil-beneficiaries with respect to motivation to learn, class participation and co-curricular involvement. The academic performance of pupil-recipients is directly correlated to the perceived effects of enhanced school-based feeding program with respect to motivation to learn, class participation and co-curricular involvement. The study recommended that enhanced feeding program my be continued to strengthen pupils’ academic achievement. Parents and teachers may be made aware of the pupils’ nutritional needs in school. The proposed action plan is recommended for implementation. Parallel studies may be conducted considering other variables.
The quality of the employee’s workplace relationship that most impacts on the level of employee’s motivation and subsequent performance. How well they engage with the organization, especially with their immediate environment that are in most cases their colleagues, influences to a great extent their error rate, level of innovation and collaboration with other employees, absenteeism and, ultimately, how long they stay in the job. The Study was confined within the private universities in Nairobi Central Business District. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population for this study of target was employees of private universities in Nairobi County at top, middle and lower level of management since they are in a position to give reliable information on Influence of employee relations on organization performance. Stratified random sampling was used to select the population from which a sample 80 respondents were drawn to obtain. Data was collected mainly by use of questionnaires. SPSS was used to generate the statistical outputs. The study found that industrial relations, employment practices, employment practices, employee communication affect organization performance. The coefficient of determination showed that 56.2% of variations in the organization performance is explained by the independent variables. The study concluded that, that HR department is a key department of the any high profile institution like a university and the institutions need to involve their staff in decision-making. The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. Keywords: employee relations, organizational performance, private universities and satisfaction
This paper scholastically reviews the existing literatures about the nature, the role, and the essence of linguistic landscape in understanding the evolving circle of communication and information in the 21st century where impacts of international communication and globalization are evident. Further, this paper brings into enlightenment the relevance of linguistic landscapes in understanding the cultural and linguistic identity of a certain group or a society, the status of the English language as the world’s lingua franca, the roles of multilingualism and multiculturalism in sociolinguistic contexts, the preservation and protection of native or mother languages in a territory, and other underlying concepts or phenomena. As a part of the critical review, this paper narrates, elucidates, and interrelates the various scholastic perspectives, insights, and investigations of numerous scholars and experts in various fields such as sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, psychology, among others to foster greater understanding of the same subject. It also opens up discourses as to how linguistic landscapes promisingly provide pieces of credible evidence in expounding the power relationships that exist between languages and the governing policies designed to manage and control those relationships. Lastly, this paper sheds light to aspiring researchers in accomplishing and cultivating other studies centered on linguistic landscapes as certain elements and areas are left open for in-depth investigations and discussions.
This paper scholastically reviews the existing literatures about the nature, the role, and the essence of linguistic landscape in understanding the evolving circle of communication and information in the 21st century where impacts of international communication and globalization are evident. Further, this paper brings into enlightenment the relevance of linguistic landscapes in understanding the cultural and linguistic identity of a certain group or a society, the status of the English language as the world’s lingua franca, the roles of multilingualism and multiculturalism in sociolinguistic contexts, the preservation and protection of native or mother languages in a territory, and other underlying concepts or phenomena. As a part of the critical review, this paper narrates, elucidates, and interrelates the various scholastic perspectives, insights, and investigations of numerous scholars and experts in various fields such as sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, psychology, among others to foster greater understanding of the same subject. It also opens up discourses as to how linguistic landscapes promisingly provide pieces of credible evidence in expounding the power relationships that exist between languages and the governing policies designed to manage and control those relationships. Lastly, this paper sheds light to aspiring researchers in accomplishing and cultivating other studies centered on linguistic landscapes as certain elements and areas are left open for in-depth investigations and discussions.
Flooding is a serious, common, and costly hazard that many countries face over the years. Flooding due to excessive rainfall in a short period of time is a frequent hazard in the Ashaiman Municipality. In this study, we seek to map flood-prone areas in Ashaiman Municipality, using Geographical Information System (GIS). Identification and mapping of flood-prone areas are valuable for risk reduction. We then mapped flood areas in the municipality using the Boolean Approach in GIS. The result reveals that floodable areas covered approximately an area of 3 km² out of the overall total land size of 45 km². This shows that areas prone to floods cover a quarter of the whole municipality. It is also interesting to note that 846 acres of land were covered by floods in the municipality. Areas liable to flooding were grouped into “most liable to flood” which covered about 375 acres of the land, “less liable to flood” which covered 471 acres of the land, and “not liable to flood” covering the widest acres of land (10,273 acres). The flood-prone zones should be viewed with special attention and given utmost importance. It is recommended that the results obtained can thus be utilized as baseline information for policy-making to combat flood-induced disasters.
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the employability competencies valued by graduating college students in Business Administration. The research is a quantitative study that utilizes descriptive approach. This targets 35 graduating students from the College of Business Administration. The study examines the unanimous agreement among students regarding the significance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as the most important skill for employability, possibly due to its ubiquity and relevance in the modern digital workplace. While ICT ranked highest, competencies such as teamwork, problem solving, and communication were also highly regarded, albeit to a lesser extent. The research highlights the awareness among students those employers seek competencies beyond technical proficiency. Adaptability to rapidly changing environments and a willingness to learn new skills were identified as crucial factors in successful job searches, acknowledging the evolving nature of the professional landscape. While students recognize the importance of ICT, they also understand the equal importance of mastering other skill sets such as teamwork, problem solving, and communication. Hence, inferential statistics were used to interpret the gathered data.
The study affirms that security is deeply challenging the strive for socioeconomic development in Nigeria. It contends that the challenge is more critical in the digital age when technology sophisticate crime and widens length and breadth of insecurity. Thus, it assumes that available modern structures have not contained security problems in the nation. As its aim, the study critically appraise the Igbo philosophy of Ñché as security mindset that can basically effect proactive disposition towards trapping security challenges. Through research questions the study attends to it’s objectives which includes identifying Igbo philosophy of Ñché as framework for alertness, and establishing alertness as bedrock for proactive mental disposition for collaborative security. These were done through a qualitative methodology, and particularly on a thematic analysis basis. Key words: Ňché, Alertness, Security Mindset, Collaboration.
Philosophy primarily prides herself as the search for ultimate meaning and knowledge. This meaning is not just merely abstract as many scholars from different disciplines and even philosophy itself suggests; it is rather a realistic and very pragmatic explanation of existing realities in cultures and tradition around the world. The Igbo speaking people of Eastern Nigeria are a unique people with immense written and unwritten cultures laddened with meaning. Chiefly amongts the Igbo culture which requires serious study and investigation is the apprenticeship system. This culture was predominantly prevalent post civil war and served as a reconstruction niche for both pyschological and economic collapse of Ani- Igbo during the Civil War. Indeed the culture of apprenticeship is broadly unwritten as any theory or policy but has transmuted from mere Igbo socio economic culture to an intercultural way of life and survival amongst other tribes and ethnic groups in Nigeria and beyond. This paper therefore seeks to identify philosophy in the apprenticeship system of the Igbos and argue for it's broad development as an economic model for improving the standard of living and unemployment predicament in Nigeria.
The study was mainly concerned with determining the level of satisfaction and the degree of agreements about their job as teaching and non-teaching personnel of the Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College (AMPSC) at the Municipality of Ditsaa- Ramain in the Province of Lanao del Sur. Specifically, answers to the following questions were sought: 1. What are the socio- demographic characteristics of re-spondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, job tenure, length of service and monthly income? 2. What is the level of job satisfaction of the respondents as to degree of agreements on hygiene or maintenance factors? 3. What is the level of job sat-isfaction of the respondents in terms of agreements as to the motivators? and, 5. What are the problems encountered by AMPSC person-nel in relation with their job and recommendations to resolve them? The study employed the descriptive method of research in determin-ing the level of job satisfaction among the teaching and non-teaching personnel of the Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College (AMPSC) in Ditsaan Ramain, Lanao del Sur. It explored associations between variables by validating hypotheses through testing using non-inferential tests. A 10-item questionnaire was used to gather data from the 95 teaching and non-teaching personnel of the AMPSC who were completely enumerated. Most of the respondents, both teaching and non-teaching, were middle aged with ages of 36 to 45 years old, were females, married, bachelor’s degree holders, non-permanent as to tenure, length of service ranging from 5 years and below, and with monthly incomes between 9,000.00 to 24,000.00 pesos. Majority of both respondents, the teaching and non-teaching personnel of AMPSC, agreed to all of the hygiene statement indicators. They agreed that working conditions in the school such as working space, facili-ties and equipment were good for one’s health; wages and salaries and other compensation were also good; they got along well with the supervisors; had good opportunities for promotion; and they felt close to people at work and got along well with them. These results indicated that both of the respondents were satisfied with these hygiene factors as provided at AMPSC. Moreover, as to agreements in motivators, both respondents agreed and were thus satisfied with feeling good about their jobs as well as in the opportunities to take responsibility given them in AMPSC. However, in chances to achieve and opportunity for advancement, the teaching personnel disagreed and were therefore dissatisfied about them while the non-teaching personnel did agree on such indicators and were thus satisfied about them. And while the teaching personnel agreed the they were given recognition for job well done and were thus satisfied, the non-teaching personnel on the other hand, disagreed and were therefore dissatisfied about it. The top five (5) problems cited by both teachers and staff were quite similar. These were the lack of laboratory equipment and facilities, chairs, supplies; no maintenance of facilities; unfair management practices; unclear policies and guidelines; and, lack of references, books and reading materials. The rest of the top problems cited by the respondents were mostly administrative in nature. These included the following: disorganized management, improper tasking and unclear designations, lack of interest among the students, presence of attitudes like “palakasan” and crab mentality, lack of proper administrative coordination between heads of offices and their subordinates, and full of plans but no implementation. The respondents also offered their recommendations to solve or minimize the problems they encountered at AMPSC. The top five (5) solutions were as follows: 1) provide/procure equipment, books, and learning aids as well as improve facilities, 2) implement by-laws, policies, and school guidelines as well as improve other physical facilities such as the school’s drainage system and potable water system, 3) enhance task structuring, specialization, and minimize multi-tasking as well as disseminate policies and guidelines through a newsletter, 4) designate a good leader with high academic qualifications and ability to supervise and control, and 5) improve academic qualifications and skills of personnel
The study was mainly concerned with determining the level of satisfaction and the degree of agreements about their job as teaching and non-teaching personnel of the Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College (AMPSC) at the Municipality of Ditsaa- Ramain in the Province of Lanao del Sur. Specifically, answers to the following questions were sought: 1. What are the socio- demographic characteristics of re-spondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, job tenure, length of service and monthly income? 2. What is the level of job satisfaction of the respondents as to degree of agreements on hygiene or maintenance factors? 3. What is the level of job sat-isfaction of the respondents in terms of agreements as to the motivators? and, 5. What are the problems encountered by AMPSC person-nel in relation with their job and recommendations to resolve them? The study employed the descriptive method of research in determin-ing the level of job satisfaction among the teaching and non-teaching personnel of the Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College (AMPSC) in Ditsaan Ramain, Lanao del Sur. It explored associations between variables by validating hypotheses through testing using non-inferential tests. A 10-item questionnaire was used to gather data from the 95 teaching and non-teaching personnel of the AMPSC who were completely enumerated. Most of the respondents, both teaching and non-teaching, were middle aged with ages of 36 to 45 years old, were females, married, bachelor’s degree holders, non-permanent as to tenure, length of service ranging from 5 years and below, and with monthly incomes between 9,000.00 to 24,000.00 pesos. Majority of both respondents, the teaching and non-teaching personnel of AMPSC, agreed to all of the hygiene statement indicators. They agreed that working conditions in the school such as working space, facili-ties and equipment were good for one’s health; wages and salaries and other compensation were also good; they got along well with the supervisors; had good opportunities for promotion; and they felt close to people at work and got along well with them. These results indicated that both of the respondents were satisfied with these hygiene factors as provided at AMPSC. Moreover, as to agreements in motivators, both respondents agreed and were thus satisfied with feeling good about their jobs as well as in the opportunities to take responsibility given them in AMPSC. However, in chances to achieve and opportunity for advancement, the teaching personnel disagreed and were therefore dissatisfied about them while the non-teaching personnel did agree on such indicators and were thus satisfied about them. And while the teaching personnel agreed the they were given recognition for job well done and were thus satisfied, the non-teaching personnel on the other hand, disagreed and were therefore dissatisfied about it. The top five (5) problems cited by both teachers and staff were quite similar. These were the lack of laboratory equipment and facilities, chairs, supplies; no maintenance of facilities; unfair management practices; unclear policies and guidelines; and, lack of references, books and reading materials. The rest of the top problems cited by the respondents were mostly administrative in nature. These included the following: disorganized management, improper tasking and unclear designations, lack of interest among the students, presence of attitudes like “palakasan” and crab mentality, lack of proper administrative coordination between heads of offices and their subordinates, and full of plans but no implementation. The respondents also offered their recommendations to solve or minimize the problems they encountered at AMPSC. The top five (5) solutions were as follows: 1) provide/procure equipment, books, and learning aids as well as improve facilities, 2) implement by-laws, policies, and school guidelines as well as improve other physical facilities such as the school’s drainage system and potable water system, 3) enhance task structuring, specialization, and minimize multi-tasking as well as disseminate policies and guidelines through a newsletter, 4) designate a good leader with high academic qualifications and ability to supervise and control, and 5) improve academic qualifications and skills of personnel.
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