Peer-reviewed international research papers published open-access with EOI assignment and global indexing across engineering, computer science, environmental science, social sciences, and more.
This study attempts to understand the Iranun socio-cultural and traditional-political aspects, highlighting the contribution of Iranun culture to promoting peace and development. This includes promoting human rights and responsibilities, building cultural respect, reconciliation, and solidarity, emphasizing compassion, empathy, and respect for diversity, and placing culture at the heart of government development policies. The study also addresses the challenges and opportunities in promoting Iranun culture. This qualitative research analyzes the narratives, views, and opinions of the Iranun community, including traditional leaders, professionals, women, and members of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) from Iranun. Some participants were former high-ranking government officers. Additionally, the study gathers in-depth knowledge from groups such as the Iranun Sultanate League of the Philippines, Inc., 1Bangsa Iranun Philippines, Inc., United Sultanates of Iranun Community, Inc., MNLF Iranun Sub-State, professionals, and women, who possess extensive knowledge and experiences regarding the Iranun situation. Based on the findings, this study concludes that the Iranun people in the Philippines face challenges not only in promoting their culture but also in preserving their identity. This situation represents an identity crisis, where the Iranun are not properly recognized within Bangsamoro and the Philippines at large. The socio-cultural and political profile of the Iranun reveals that their values, principles, characteristics, and traditional governance are commendable, contrary to the negative portrayals by Western writers, historians, and social media influencers who depict them as pirates and marauders. The negative branding of the Iranun has resulted in an identity crisis that has caused interpersonal, intrapersonal, and tribal conflicts, as well as misunderstandings across generations, affecting not only the Iranun but also the broader Bangsamoro and Philippine communities. This identity crisis has had socio-cultural and political effects, evidenced by the absence of an Iranun province. Keywords: Contribution of Iranun Culture, Promoting Peace and Development
Rido, a form of clan-based conflict in the Philippines, significantly impacts the lives of secondary high school students residing in conflict-affected areas. This study aims to explore and understand the lived experiences of these students, focusing on how rido influences their daily lives, educational attainment, social interactions, and overall well-being. Previous research has highlighted the detrimental effects of armed conflict on education and mental health outcomes for children and adolescents. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the specific challenges faced by secondary high school students affected by rido. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by examining the unique experiences of these students. A qualitative research approach is employed to gather in-depth insights into the lived experiences of secondary high school students affected by rido. Data collection methods include focus group discussions and key informant interviews with students, and teachers and document analysis of relevant educational records. The findings suggest that rido has a profound impact on the academic performance and mental health of secondary high school students affected by it. Factors such as fear for personal safety, displacement due to armed conflict, stigma associated with living in conflict zones, and limited access to quality education contribute to their overall well-being. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by secondary high school students affected by rido in the Philippines. It underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at improving educational opportunities and mental health support services for these vulnerable populations. Keywords: Lived Experiences, Secondary Students, Rido, Conflict Affected Areas, Policymakers, Education Infrastructure, Development
Women’s mental health is closely related to their status in society. Their participation as well as empowerment comprise the components of good mental health and is critical for tackling social and health concerns such as maternal and child health, violence at home and in the streets, substance abuse and also gender equity. Mental health illnesses worldwide are accompanied by another pandemic, that of stigma and discrimination and tends to strike those affected having to deal with the symptoms and disabilities on their illness on one hand, and widespread stigma and discrimination on the other. In Zambia, the prevalence of mental disorders is high and common mental disorders include acute psychotic episodes, schizophrenia, affective disorders, alcohol related problems and organic brain syndromes. As such, gender inequalities are important causes of inequality in health and health care because they are one of the most important determinants of health. Gender roles, which are socially and culturally determined, influence the different behavior, roles, responsibilities and expectations of men and women. The delivery of mental health services in Zambia is guided by the Mental Health Act No. 6 of 2019. This study adopted a desk methodology which involved utilizing existing data from various sources such as reports, articles and these were both internal and external sources. The study sought to provide a more detailed perspective on how women are affected differently from men with regards to mental health. It determined that despite the government of the Republic of Zambia enacting a Mental Health Act, aimed at promoting an effective care for mental health disorders, this legal framework has not been matched with any formidable policy framework and that discrimination and marginalization exacerbates feelings of socialization among women which further causes them to suffer mental health more than their counterparts. Further, stigmatization and discrimination are such critical issues when it comes to mental illness. The study recommends that effective and holistic mental health care demands regular access to mental health care by all people in the population and also that there is need to address mental health within a gender based framework of analysis.
Cette recherche à porté sur les déterminants du taux change en République Démocratique du Congo . L’objectif général de cette étude est d’analyser les déterminants du taux de change en RDC et d’identifier les variables macroéconomiques et la nature de leur impact sur l'économie congolaise et d’étudier les facteurs pouvant l’influencer et diriger ses variations. Dans ces circonstances, ceci mérite d’étudier la variabilité des différents déterminants sur le comportement de taux de change du franc congolais. L’atteinte de nos objectifs a été occasionnée grâce à technique documentaire, Technique d’observation directe, les méthodes statistique, descriptive, analytique ainsi qu’économétrique où nous avons utilisé les modèles de Moindre Carré Ordinaire, en sigle (MCO) et Moindre Carré Généralisé (MCG). A l’issue nos investigations, le test de corrélation de Spearman renseigne que indiquent qu’il existe des relations positive entre le taux de change est la balance commerciale, l’indice des prix à la consommation et le taux d’inflation à l’exception de la croissance économique du PIB et de la masse monétaire qui elles, ont une relation négative corrélé à l’ordre de 50 et 7%. La relation la plus forte a atteint 95% et la suivante avec 50% s’agissant respectivement de la masse monétaire et la croissance économique économique du PIB. Mais pour ce qui nous concerne, nous constatons que la relation est positive de 50 % avec la masse monétaire ce qui explique que les activités des relations économiques intérieurs exercent influent en moitié et le reste est fonction de ses propres innovations et variable et entre les importations et te taux de change de 34% mais cela s’avère être contraire concernant l’analyse du MCO et MSG d’autant plus que l’estimation est réalisée suivant de le principe trimestriel et offre un résultat selon lequel la volatilité influence négative le commerce international au seuil de 5% malgré un relation positive avec importation. Mots clés : taux de change et déterminants
RÉSUME Afin d’assurer les besoins élémentaires de sa population, l’Etat doit avoir des moyens nécessaires lui permettant de construire des hôpitaux, des écoles, des routes, des bâtiments, de s’acheter du matériel de bureau, des moyens de communication et de payer son personnel. Ces domaines des finances publiques de l’Etat sont contenus dans un document budgétaire scindé en deux à savoir les prévisions des recettes et des dépenses. Le Budget de l’Etat est constitué des informations suivantes : combien des recettes, l’Etat espère-t-il mobiliser, de quelle source viendrait-elle et que va-t-il en faire (dépenses). La loi exige que ce document budgétaire soit clair, complet et reflète la réalité et que l’accès à l’information soit faciliter au peuple pour savoir et comprendre comment est utilisé ses ressources financiers. En règle général, c’est le gouvernement qui prépare le budget et le propose ensuite au parlement pour que celui-ci l’accepte. Les recettes de l’Etat vient en règle générale de ce que rapportent ses sociétés, des impôts et taxes diverses payées par les individus et les sociétés privées. L’Etat dépense normalement cet argent pour payer le personnel, investir et accomplir le travail que le peuple lui a donné (garantir une formation, protéger la population et leurs biens, assurer que la justice fonctionne, construire les routes et assurer le fonctionnement des transports des biens et personnes). Ainsi dans le cadre de cet article, Il s’agira d’expliquer les différentes étapes d’élaboration du projet à la loi de finances, à travers les différents acteurs ou structures intervenant dans le processus et de relevé leur mise en œuvre par rapport au principe de la participation citoyenne afin d’apporter plus de lumière à la population à travers la société civile sur ce principal bénéficiaire de l’action publique dont la mise en œuvre est reflétée dans le budget. Mots-clés: Finances Publiques; Budget de l’Etat; Redevabilité; Participation citoyenne; Projet de loi de Finances ; la loi de Finances.
As complex cyber-physical systems, smart grids combine cutting-edge information communication technology (ICT) with conventional power infrastructure to improve automation, dependability, and efficiency. But because of its interconnectedness, the grid is vulnerable to new security threats, including botnet-driven assaults that take advantage of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), distributed energy resources (DER), and IoT-enabled devices. The inability of conventional defenses like firewalls and signature-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) to fend off adaptable, widespread, and clandestine attacks highlights the necessity of hybrid and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven strategies. With an emphasis on IoT-based frameworks, deep learning, federated learning, reinforcement learning, and hybrid detection models, this paper offers a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary research on cyber-physical security tactics in smart grids. The findings suggest that although AI techniques have great potential for detecting anomalies and thwarting attacks, issues with dataset constraints, scalability, energy efficiency, and resistance to hostile manipulation still exist. Additionally, the majority of research emphasized detection over real-time remediation, exposing weaknesses in comprehensive security systems. This study combines disparate studies, highlights new approaches like distributed and federated learning, graph-based techniques, and cyber-physical twin testbeds, and provides doable steps toward scalable, explicable, and reliable defenses. The study concludes by offering suggestions for improving smart grid cybersecurity from standalone proofs-of-concept to field-deployable, comprehensive defense systems.
High-throughput lubricant manufacturing facilities often default to familiar operational modes (OMs) that favor routine over performance. Using line-level data from a UAE-based case facility, this study demonstrates that OMs frequently underperform relative to best production modes (BPMs)—the configuration choice that maximizes throughput and resource efficiency. We introduce the Mode Efficiency Index (MEI) to normalize performance across modes and quantify cotton-use efficiency. Switching from OM to BPM on tagged lines unlocks ~84,160 liters/day (+44%) at similar MEI (~0.65). Larger-pack modes (5L, 25L, 208L) consistently deliver higher theoretical throughput and robust consumables productivity, validating a BPM-first scheduling strategy coupled with sales alignment to convert latent capacity into revenue.
Globally, regionally, in sub-Saharan Africa, and in Rwanda, ensuring a minimum balanced dietary intake among school-going children is critical globally, regionally, and locally in Rwanda for improving nutritional health, reducing absenteeism, and enhancing academic performance. However, information on the subject in Bugesera schools on feeding programs remains undocumented. It was these reasons that led to the study of factors contributing to quality intake of a minimum balanced diet among primary and secondary day school children in Nyamata Sector, Bugesera District. Specifically, assess the prevalence of minimum balanced diet intake, and lastly evaluate the Accessibility to Quality Balanced Dietary Intakes among Primary and Secondary Day School-Going Children, looking forward for healthy nutrition and health education for the young generation. A descriptive cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach was employed, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study targeted 370 primary and secondary school students, with data collected via structured questionnaires and key informant interviews, and analyzed using SPSS with descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that, largest age group represented was aged 16–18 years with 150 (40.5%), the respondents rated and the least age represented as 60 (16.2%) from 10–12 years. gender participation, 190 (51.4%) were male, while 180 (48.6%) were female. Prevalence of minimum balance intake was only 160 (43.2%), with a significant P value of 0.0123 in uptake, the majority, 210 (56.8%), did not consume a balanced diet with a significant P-value of 0.456. Households engage in subsistence farming to enable sustainable food. The results revealed that social and cultural restrictions continue to play a key role in shaping children’s dietary uptake, with 148 (40.0%) indicating that some foods are restricted by their families or communities to consume. The study concludes that reducing prevalence and cultural factors collectively shape dietary intake, highlighting the need for coordinated interventions through school feeding programs, parental education, and culturally sensitive nutrition promotion to improve child health and learning outcomes, and unmet needs of nutrition among school-going children Keywords: Minimum balanced diet, school-going children, nutrition, Absenteeism, Education, and Parenting: unmet needs,
The onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has redefined global patterns of work, learning, and innovation, exposing the fragility of traditional career development systems in developing economies. In Nigeria, where over 60% of the population is under 25, the promise of a demographic dividend is undermined by persistent youth unemployment, digital exclusion, and widening skills mismatch. Guided by the Systems Theory of Career Development (STCD) propounded by Patton and McMahon (2014), this study critically explores how Nigeria can reposition its career development architecture to align with the imperatives of the digital economy through digital transformation, skill acquisition, and innovation-driven learning. STCD provides a holistic framework for understanding career development as an interactional process shaped by the dynamic interrelations among individual, social, and environmental–societal systems, including education, technology, labour markets, and policy environments. Adopting a qualitative documentary research design, the study analyzed national policy documents, institutional reports, and empirical literature from 2015 to 2024. Findings reveal systemic misalignments between educational curricula and labour market demands, weak institutional coordination, and inadequate digital infrastructure. The paper proposes an integrated framework emphasizing curriculum reform, public–private partnerships, and inclusive innovation ecosystems. It concludes that achieving sustainable youth employability in Nigeria demands a paradigm shift toward digital inclusion, entrepreneurial capacity-building, and systemic reconfiguration of education-to-employment pathways within the digital economy.
Power outages in developed countries are often caused by natural disasters or technical faults, while in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, they are attributed to human-induced faults and inadequate generating capacity. Research has showed that small firms are particularly affected by power interruptions as they struggle to finance self-generation or backup energy which is generally expensive. Therefore assessing the reliability of power distribution networks becomes very vital, to measure the system reliability in the power distribution industry, utility companies need to develop several performance measures of reliability indices that will help in ensuring that maintenance fund are wisely utilized and customers are also adequately served. During the research, data on power availability and outages for 5 months were collected for analysis, showing the impact on businesses and the need for reliable electricity supply. Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) and System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) which are important metrics for assessing reliability and response to outages were determined by analysing the data obtained from a distribution substation operator (DSO) at the injection substation. Based on the analysed data, strategies to reduce SAIDI, power interruptions and also improve the feeder were recommended which benefitted the customers and the utility alike.
This work highlights the formulation, physical and mechanical properties and testing of a biodegradable and environmentally friendly and available Calabash (Lagenaria Siceraria) fibre-Brass Chip in thermosetting phenolic resin asbestos-free experimental car brake Pad, filling the gap of the health challenges posed by the use of asbestos based brake pads. Using standard tests and acceptable international best practices of experimental design and formulation methodology, the physical and mechanical properties of the new asbestos free brake pad were determined. These properties include Thermogravimetric Analysis, Harness test, Water/Oil absorption test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Conductivity test, Density, Specific Heat Capacity, Thermal Diffusivity, Wear Rate and Flame Resistance test. The formulated sample was thermally stable at 500oC, with an average harness of 107.18MPa, 0.56%/0.25% for water/Oil Absorption test, Scanning Electron Microscopy showed better fibre-matrix bonding interface, thermal conductivity of the sample was 0.461W/m.ok, the density of the sample was 2.6g/m3, specific heat capacity was 1.876kJ/kgok, its thermal diffusivity is 0.9m2/s, the sample lost 0.0001g/s of its weight at wear resistance test and lost 1.58g of its weight after 10 minutes of flame resistance test. The sample compared favorably than the control sample obtained from the market. Keywords: Calabash, Physical Properties, Mechanical Properties, Asbestos –Free Brake Pad, Experimental Design
Bulk commodities/logistics are moved hinterland via road/truck, sea/ocean, air and rail freight systems. The geo-spatial positions of the narrow-gauge rail lines network along the north-eastern corridor routes emptying the rail freights of the eastern-line (Port Harcourt – Maiduguri) at the Maiduguri terminus and that of the western-line (Lagos-Nguru) at the Nguru terminus. These rail freight demands through the north-eastern corridor brought about rapid socio-economic developments to major towns/cities in the zone such as Nguru, Azare, Katagum, Bauchi, Gombe and Maiduguri during the colonial era. This work explores the state of the rail freight demands of these major cities/towns within the north-eastern space prior to the railway reform and its consequential liberalization effects in 2021, using the rail commodity flow data from 2004-2021 period. The work relied on literatures such as journals, books, and online publications from national and international organizations such as the Nigerian Railways Corporation and the World Bank and the Geographic Information System software (QGIS) to source and analyze information of such spatial distributions of the rail freights demands in the zone, the major load towns/cities, their respective demand characteristics in logistics and their corresponding production/attraction values for the towns/cities and to the terminus stations. Content Analysis approach was use to study thematic areas of Nigerian railway line routes from formative stage, developmental stage, the neglect stage and the revamp stages contained to the zone of study. The significance of such study is to provide sufficient information for future planning for policy-makers and for local and direct foreign investors especially with stakeholders in the zone pushing for the extension of the narrow gauge line to link Gashua and Damaturu in Yobe state of Nigeria. Keywords: Rail freight, Spatial Distributions, Geographic Information System, North-Eastern Nigeria, Liberalization, Railway Reform.
Land-related conflicts are prevalent issues that arise from the competition for limited resources, land use disputes, and conflicting interests among various stakeholders. These conflicts can have significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. The study aims to explore conflict management approaches to land-related conflicts with the goal of developing effective strategies for their resolution. The literature on conflict management in land-related disputes is extensive, with various approaches being proposed and tested in different contexts. These approaches include negotiation, mediation, arbitration, adjudication, and hybrid models that combine elements of multiple methods. The effectiveness of these approaches varies depending on factors such as the nature of the conflict, the parties involved, and the cultural context. The findings suggest that a combination of negotiation and mediation is an effective approach to resolving land-related conflicts due to its flexibility and ability to accommodate diverse interests and needs of all parties involved. However, cultural context plays a significant role in determining the success of these approaches. In conclusion, this research contributes to existing knowledge on conflict management by highlighting the importance of understanding cultural context in resolving land-related disputes effectively. It also underscores the need for further research into hybrid models that integrate multiple conflict resolution techniques for optimal results. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that policymakers and practitioners consider incorporating negotiation and mediation into their conflict management strategies when dealing with land-related conflicts in culturally diverse settings. Keywords: Conflict Management Approaches, Land Related Conflict, Special Geographical Areas, BARMM
University students in Kenya increasingly face mental health challenges stemming from the dual burden of socio-economic constraints and academic pressure. While previous research has explored either financial hardship or academic stress in isolation, limited attention has been given to their combined impact on student mental well-being within public universities. Despite growing awareness, many interventions remain fragmented and fail to address the root causes that intersect economic vulnerability and academic overload. This study aimed to investigate how socio-economic constraints and academic pressure influence the mental health of university students at Pwani University. These objectives guided the study: to examine the impact of socio-economic constraints on students' mental health; to analyze the effects of academic pressure on their mental well-being; and to explore how both factors jointly affect students' psychological health. A descriptive survey design was used, guided by Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), and Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory (1997). The target population consisted of 370 students, with a final sample of 354 selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including standardized tools like the DASS-21 scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Version 20, using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and thematic interpretation. Ethical considerations were maintained throughout the study by obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and respecting participants’ anonymity. The results showed a significant correlation between financial difficulties and increased stress (r = 0.49), anxiety (r = 0.44), and depression (r = 0.37). Academic pressure was also found to increase these mental health risks. The combined impact of socio-economic and academic stressors led to poor coping strategies, reduced motivation, and high levels of burnout. It is hoped that this study will contribute to mental health reforms at the institutional level, inform policy development, and strengthen holistic support systems for university students in Kenya.
This research paper evaluates the ethical implications of the Open-Pit mining project in Tampakan, South Cotabato, through the lens of Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic. The study highlights the conflict between the economic benefits presented by Glencore Xtrata and Sagittarius Mining International (SMI) and the environmental concerns raised by the B’laan tribe and local citizens. By utilizing Leopold’s criteria of stability, integrity, and beauty, the paper argues that the proposed mining activities threaten the ecological health of the region. It posits that viewing land merely as a commodity undermines its intrinsic value and neglects the responsibilities humans have as custodians of the environment. The findings suggest that the mining project, while financially promising, is ultimately immoral as it compromises the welfare of the biotic community, advocating for a paradigm shift in how we relate to the land.
Understanding the presence and distribution of molecular species in interstellar environments is fundamental to astrochemistry and the study of chemical evolution in planetary systems. This work applies to a machine learning framework to quantify and predict molecular detectability in space based on intrinsic chemical properties. A curated dataset of 49 molecules, comprising both detected and undetected species, was analyzed using molecular descriptors including molecular weight, polarity (LogP and topological polar surface area), hydrogen-bonding potential, rotatable bonds, ring structures, and heavy atom count. Logistic regression was employed to generate probabilistic predictions of detectability. Results indicate that smaller, polar, and acyclic molecules are more readily detectable, whereas larger, aromatic, and hydrophobic molecules exhibit lower detectability. This predictive model provides a systematic approach for prioritizing candidate molecules for spectroscopic investigation, advancing our understanding of chemical complexity in interstellar space.
The Uélé region, located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are affected by the violent armed conflicts in the Central African Republic (CAR) and South Sudan. It shares a nearly 1,500 km border with these two countries, a border largely beyond the control of the institutions of Bangui, Juba, and Kinshasa. In this no man's land situation, armed groups and uncontrolled movements fuel the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons (SALW), poaching, massacres, and the abduction of civilians. Women are raped, young girls are enslaved, and children are abducted and recruited as human shields. This article attempts to map the actors fueling cross-border crime in the Uélé region. Furthermore, it seeks to explain the factors that contribute to this crime, its consequences, and potential solutions to put an end to it. keywords: Uélé, Armed groups, Regional dynamics, criminality and insecurity/Uele.
Self-regulation in students represents their ability to holistically mobilize their knowledge, strategies, emotions, and behaviors to optimize their learning. The results of the RESEN (2019) student learning assessment reveal that 77% of children who are expected to complete primary school in Cameroon today are unable to comprehend a simple text. This underperformance calls into question teachers’ mastery of regulations in their daily pedagogical practices. This research examines the impact of the learning environment on primary school students’ self-regulation. It follows an explanatory design with a quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test approach using a non-equivalent control group. Data was collected using a reading comprehension test administered to final-year primary school students (CM2) at the Ebolowa Government Primary Practicing School, Group 1. Cluster sampling was used to distinguish the experimental group (31 students) from the control group (32 students), and a z-test for comparing means was used to analyze the data. The results reveal a significant link between considering students’ perceptions and the improvement of their self-regulation. The integration of student perceptions (the perceived value of the activity, perceived competence, and controllability) is an effective strategy to improve not only perseverance and engagement but also academic performance. This suggests that teachers must take into account the social goals, academic goals, and future-oriented goals of the activity in the learning process to ensure effective self-regulation in students. Keywords: learning environment, pedagogical activity, motivational dynamics, learner, self-regulation.
Industrial dyes pose serious ecological and health risks due to their toxicity and persistence in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cyperus esculentus (CE) biomass as a low-cost biosorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. CE nuts were washed, oven-dried, ground and sieved (1–2 mm). Batch experiments (4.0 g CE with 100 mL MB; initial concentrations 25–300 mg• L⁻¹) were conducted with agitation (150 rpm); samples were taken over 5–180 min to study contact time and kinetics. The effects of pH (3–10) and temperature (308–323 K) on adsorption were examined; equilibrium isotherms were obtained at ≈303 K. SEM imaging revealed a rough, porous surface with cavities favorable for adsorption, and FTIR spectra showed shifts and disappearance of functional-group bands after MB uptake, indicating interactions between MB and CE surface chemistry. Adsorption was rapid initially, then slowed to equilibrium; uptake increased with solution pH and with temperature, suggesting enhanced electrostatic attraction at higher pH and an endothermic process. Kinetic analysis showed the pseudo-second-order model best described the data (high R²; qₑ,cal ≈ qₑ,exp), implicating chemisorption/strong binding mechanisms. Equilibrium data fit the Freundlich model best (R² = 0.9778), indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface ; Langmuir qₘ was 1.77 mg•g⁻¹. Thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous, endothermic and favorable adsorption (ΔG° < 0; ΔH° > 0; ΔS° > 0). Overall, CE is a promising, low-cost biosorbent for MB removal from wastewater. Keywords: Industrial Dyes, Wastewater treatment, Valorization, Agricultural Waste.
Background: Laryngotracheal trauma is a rare but life-threatening emergency that endangers both airway patency and vocal function. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential for optimal outcomes. Objective: To describe two cases of open laryngotracheal trauma and discuss diagnostic strategies, surgical repair, and postoperative recovery. Methods: Two patients presenting with open laryngotracheal injury following cervical trauma were managed surgically with airway reconstruction. Results: Both patients underwent early surgical repair with restoration of airway patency and satisfactory voice recovery. Conclusion: Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention remain the cornerstone of successful management of laryngotracheal trauma.
Oil and gas exploration and exploitation in deep and ultra-deep waters involve handling of peculiar technical stabilizes the reticulum, having a visual aspect of ice. The hydrate could appear in geological deposits under the sea in period could result in the cooling of the natural gas and drilling fluid mixture, under high bottom-hole pressure, what are favorable conditions for hydrate formation. That situation would be particularly dangerous if the crystals The knowledge of hydrates formation thermodynamics and growth kinetics, as well as the influence of inhibitors (type to detect its presence and to prevent the problems associated with it, particularly considering safety operational issues. problems. Gas hydrates are crystalline structures of water molecules surrounding and trapping a gas molecule, what bed, but also could occur during drilling operations, particularly during a well control procedure. A long well shut and concentration), should allow the development of a methodology to foresee the possibility of hydrate occurrence, The objective of this work is to present and discuss the results of a comprehensive literature review about hydrate formation would plug the BOP and/or choke line, avoiding the kick circulation and well control operation be resumed. formation, experimental research in the area and reports on its occurrence in drilling operations.
Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) has become one of the most rapidly expanding waste streams globally, accounting for over 30% of total solid waste and posing increasing environmental and economic challenges. In Southeast Nigeria, the twin pressures of urbanization and infrastructure development have intensified CDW generation, with most waste materials such as concrete, masonry, and tiles; indiscriminately disposed of in ways that harm the environment and threaten public health. At the same time, the scarcity and escalating cost of natural aggregates have further constrained access to affordable construction materials. This study adopts a document review research design to critically examine the feasibility, benefits, and policy implications of recycling CDW into usable aggregates for sustainable building projects in Southeast Nigeria. Drawing insights from scholarly literature, government policy documents, and global best practices, the study identifies key opportunities in resource conservation, environmental protection, and cost reduction achievable through CDW recycling. It also exposes major constraints, including weak institutional frameworks, inadequate technology, and low stakeholder awareness. The study argues for a paradigm shift toward circular construction and the integration of recycled aggregate standards into Nigeria’s building codes and environmental management systems. The findings underscore that effective CDW recycling could reduce building costs, generate green jobs, promote eco-innovation, and advance national commitments to Sustainable Development Goals 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Overall, the study provides evidence-informed recommendations for transforming CDW from an environmental liability into a sustainable resource for Nigeria’s construction sector.
Teacher effectiveness is the most decisive factor in student academic success (Barber & Mourshed, 2007). The pedagogical supervision leads by a management that most often oscillates between a logic of control and a logic of development underpin this. However, the link between how this supervision management and its actual effects on teachers’ practices and motivation remains complex and contrasting in the field. This study aims to determine the extent to which the management of pedagogical supervision actions through planning (strategic alignment and transparency), the pedagogical leadership of the supervisor, and the organisation of post-supervision follow-up influence teacher effectiveness. The study adopted a mixed sequential explanatory approach. The exploratory qualitative phase (semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 20 teachers, 12 head teachers and 2 educational facilitators) identified the relevant managerial themes and effectiveness indicators in the context of the Bertoua 1st Sub-division, Cameroon. a questionnaire survey administered to 140 teachers conducted the quantitative phase. Using the multiple linear regression for data analysis, the results confirm a positive and significant influence of supervisory management on teacher effectiveness (R-square=0.42 for behavioural effectiveness; R-square=0.35 for SEP). Indeed, it appears that the supervisor’s pedagogical leadership is the strongest predictor of behavioural effectiveness ((=0.38), highlighting the importance of the role of coach and the developmental approach, while the organisation of post-supervision follow-ups and feedback is the strongest predictor of SEP ((=0.45), confirming the role of structured feedback in building confidence and mastery. On the other hand, planning through strategic alignment, although significant, acts more as a managerial hygiene factor, necessary but not sufficient. Supervision management should not be viewed as a single entity. There are specific managerial levers depending on the desired level of effectiveness. To improve classroom practices (behavioural), the focus should be on interpersonal leadership and coaching. To build confidence and perseverance, rigorous management of the post-supervision process is essential. These findings imply that educational policies and supervisor training must be differentiated to optimise the impact of each supervisory action. Keywords: teacher effectiveness, self-efficacy, planning, supervisor’s pedagogical leadership, post-supervision follow-up.
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