Volume 13, Issue 5, May 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

[1]  [2]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]

TEACHERS’ READINESS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTEGRATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING []


This study explored the readiness of teachers to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into their teaching and learning practices. It focused on assessing teachers’ levels of awareness, skills, attitudes, and access to resources needed for effective AI adoption in the classroom. The research was conducted at Southern Luzon Technological College Foundation Pio Duran Inc. (SLTCFI Pio Duran) and involved twelve teacher-participants. Using a qualitative approach, specifically a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) supplemented by surveys, the study aimed to gather in-depth insights into the preparedness of teachers for AI integration, including their training needs and the institutional supports necessary for successful implementation. The scope was delimited to examining AI use from a pedagogical perspective, excluding technical software development or administrative applications. The findings revealed that while most teachers recognized the potential benefits of AI in enhancing student engagement and instructional delivery, their readiness levels varied due to disparities in professional training, access to devices, internet connectivity, and familiarity with AI tools. Common challenges cited included limited technical support, ethical concerns such as academic integrity and data privacy, and the complexity of some AI applications. Despite these, participants expressed a willingness to learn and engage with AI, provided that appropriate resources, continuous training, and institutional guidance are available. From these findings, it was concluded that teachers’ readiness for AI integration is not solely determined by individual motivation but also by the availability of institutional support systems. Professional development emerged as a key factor influencing their confidence and competence in adopting AI tools. The study confirmed the need for a structured, ongoing professional development program that addresses both the technical and ethical dimensions of AI use in education, while also fostering a culture of collaboration among educators. Based on the conclusions, it is recommended that educational institutions invest in comprehensive training programs focused on AI literacy, tool application, and ethical guidelines. Schools should also strengthen infrastructure by ensuring access to updated devices and stable internet connections. Furthermore, clear policies must be developed to guide AI integration and protect academic integrity. Lastly, fostering communities of practice among educators can support the sharing of best practices and peer mentorship in AI-enhanced teaching and learning. Keywords: Aemilianum College, Inc. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Teacher Readiness, AI Integration, Educational Technology, Professional Development, Teaching and Learning, AI in Education 21st Century Skills, Instructional Innovation, Pedagogical Adaptation

STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ONLINE AND BLENDED LEARNING []


This study, entitled Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligent In Online And Blended Learning, aimed to investigate how educators and students perceive the integration of AI-driven technologies in academic settings. Utilizing a qualitative research design through Focus Group Discussions (FGD), the study gathered insights from twelve participants - six teachers and six selected students from AMA Computer Learning Center. The participants shared their experiences, insights, and challenges encountered in the application of AI-powered tools in online and blended learning environments. Based on the results of the study, several key findings emerged. First, both students and teachers generally regard Artificial Intelligence as a valuable educational asset that enhances the effectiveness, personalization, and efficiency of learning. Second, despite the perceived advantages, challenges such as limited technical proficiency, lack of proper training, and concerns regarding data privacy were commonly cited. Third, AI tools were found to significantly improve student engagement and motivation, with personalized feedback and adaptive learning features contributing to better academic performance. Lastly, while the benefits such as time-saving, automation, and individualized learning were acknowledged, both groups also expressed concerns about overdependence on technology, reduced human interaction, and occasional inaccuracies in AI-generated outputs. From these findings, the study concludes that Artificial Intelligence is widely recognized by both students and teachers as an effective tool for enhancing online and blended learning environments. However, its integration is often hindered by various technical, training, and privacy-related barriers. AI has demonstrated a strong positive impact on student motivation, engagement, and academic outcomes, suggesting its transformative potential in educational practices. Nonetheless, the identified limitations point to the need for a well-balanced and ethically guided implementation to maximize the advantages of AI while minimizing its drawbacks. In light of these conclusions, several recommendations were proposed. Educational institutions are encouraged to promote the integration of AI tools to improve teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes. Comprehensive training programs and sustained technical support should be made available to ensure educators and students are equipped to overcome AI-related challenges. Moreover, schools may benefit from adopting AI-driven strategies that support personalized learning and enhance student engagement. Finally, institutions must establish clear ethical guidelines and policies to ensure responsible and balanced use of AI technologies in the classroom. These actions can help create a more adaptive, inclusive, and effective learning environment empowered by intelligent educational tools. Keywords : 21st Century Teaching, Aemilianum College Inc., AI in Education, AI-Powered Tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Classroom Technology, Digital Learning, EdTech Integration, Educational Technology, Teaching Innovation

A Review on the use of ICT Tools for Flood Risk Communication in Sri Lanka []


Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in enhancing government service efficiency, particularly in emergency management. Sri Lanka has significantly advanced its ICT adoption for flood risk communication, leveraging e-governance initiatives such as the "e-Sri Lanka" roadmap launched in 2002. Despite Sri Lanka’s leading position in digital governance within South Asia, e-government services have primarily focused on administrative functions rather than disaster management. ICTs facilitate rapid and efficient disaster preparedness, response, and recovery by ensuring timely information dissemination. Given the transboundary nature of floods, regional and global data-sharing mechanisms are essential for effective risk communication. This study reviews the four primary ICT tools used by the Sri Lankan government including DEWN mobile application and River Net web application for flood risk communication, supplementing traditional media and issues related to acceptance of the use of those tools for risk communication. The findings contribute to improving disaster resilience and risk management strategies in the country.

COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-POWERED LEARNING ASSISTANTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION []


This qualitative study explored the perceptions, experiences, and challenges faced by college students and faculty at the University of Santo Tomas–Legazpi regarding the use of AI-powered learning assistants in higher education. Using purposive sampling, the study involved ten (10) college students and ten (10) faculty members from various academic departments. Data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and structured questionnaires to gain a holistic understanding of how AI tools are utilized to support teaching and learning. The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness, usability, and implications of AI in academic settings, as well as identify concerns related to digital literacy, ethical considerations, and the evolving role of educators and learners in AI-assisted environments. The findings revealed that students generally viewed AI-powered learning assistants as useful and efficient tools that enhanced academic productivity and provided accessible support. However, they also reported challenges, such as inaccurate responses, lack of critical thinking development, and potential overreliance on AI. While the tools positively influenced learning experiences, increased engagement, and improved performance, concerns remained regarding reduced independent effort and overdependence. Students suggested improvements such as increased content accuracy, subject-specific customization, interactive features, and the establishment of ethical guidelines for responsible AI use. Conclusions drawn from the study indicated that AI-powered learning assistants were perceived as beneficial for enhancing academic engagement and efficiency. Nevertheless, students faced certain limitations and risks, emphasizing the need for balanced and guided use. The integration of AI in education supported motivation and performance but varied in effectiveness based on individual usage patterns. The participants also expressed a strong desire for improvements that would foster ethical, personalized, and curriculum-aligned AI tools. The study recommended that higher education institutions implement strategic training on ethical AI usage, collaborate with developers to improve tool reliability, and encourage active learning to prevent overdependence. It also called for the inclusion of digital responsibility in the curriculum and systems for regular evaluation of AI effectiveness. These recommendations aim to ensure that AI-powered learning assistants are integrated in ways that enhance academic experiences while preserving the essential human elements of education. Keywords: Academic Support, Aemilianum College Inc., AI in Education, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Educational Technology, Learning Assistants, Student Engagement

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAXATION METHODS ON INTANGIBLE E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS IN ZAMBIA []


There has been an increase in the purchase of goods and services online in the past few years which has brought about an introduction of cross boarder intangible products. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the taxation methods on intangible e-commerce transactions in Zambia. The study adapted the Ottawa Taxation framework principles of e commerce transactions as it’s conceptual framework and used the survey research design by distributing questionnaires. The findings from this study indicated the Zambia’s pre 2024 taxation methods were not effective. In terms of trends, the respondents indicated the use of Money transfer services the most and Brokerage services as the least. The study further established that on average, respondents spend about K1,000 and K3,000 on intangible purchases. Based on the findings from this study, the recommendations are that the legislation should be amended to include simplified returns submitted by suppliers of intangible services with a longer return submission date compared suppliers that trade in tangible transactions, a reduced Value Added Tax rate in the interim until a good number of registered and compliant taxpayers is achieved. In the short run, partnership with Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority and banks can be done to monitor such transactions despite the move being a mammoth task to Zambia Revenue Authority.

THE EFFECT OF ASSET REVALUATION ON A COMPANY’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. CASE STUDY: CAMEROON DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION []


This study provides some insights on (1) why Cameroonian companies revalue their fixed assets; (2) what are the effects of revaluation on the company’s profitability and financial position (3) whether fixed asset revaluation provides relevant information to investors. The empirical analysis includes one explanatory variable and two dependent variables, being net worth and operating income. In addition, the relationship between asset revaluation and share price movements of the companies are examined to determine the perceived usefulness of fixed asset revaluation information for the capital market in Cameroon. The study results showed that fixed asset revaluation significantly affects a company’s financial performance as it enhances borrowing capacity by reducing the risk of violating a covenant by strengthening asset values in a company’s balance sheet, to provide credible signals for future prospectors. Also it reduces the accounting rate of return as a bargaining position to unions and government or other statutory regulators. In contrast to the findings of previous studies (Whittred and Chan, 1992; Brown, Izan, and Loh, 1992; and Missionier-Piera, 2007), the level of corporate gearing is negatively related to the probability of revaluing assets for the sample of New Zealand companies in this study. The study provided recommendations to the management of CDC encouraging training and development programs, workshops and seminars for accountants on asset revaluation procedures. Also, CDC should offer shares to the public as a source of finance and improvement of financial performance.

Parent Knowledge and Practices in the management of children with diabetes type one []


Abstract Goal: To determine the knowledge and practices of parentwho have a child with type 1 diabetes Objective and method: The number of participants was 79 parents. The study was conducted from 1/1 to 8/7. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part contains data of parentwhile the second part contains data on children with diabetes mellitus, type 1, sex levels, average height, ancestry, age of onset and number of beds. Data were analyzed by a statistical programmed from the Social Sciences System (SPSS). Results: The demographics of the participants who responded to our study were 72% mothers, and 27.8% fathers, out of a total of 79 participants, representing 44.3% of the sample. Age range 36-45. The ratio of males and females was approximately equal. 64.6% of respondents hold a university / higher qualification The economic level of the participants reached 50.6%, more than 1000 Libyan dinars, while 84.8% of the respondents had one child with diabetes, and the respondents had the nature of work, and almost half of them were government employees and 34.2% were housewives. It indicates that more than half of the sample had a history of the disease, whether from the mother, father or a close relative. And 93.7% of the sample was that the child was diagnosed with the disease by chance.” And that 48.1% of the sample were children with diabetes in the age group 5-10 years, and it was about three quarters of the children. The sugar levels of the children who participated in the study through parental information, they also showed that the majority of children had high sugar levels, while the health problems that the child was exposed to were 8.9% suffering from asthma and 7.6% suffering from allergic rhinitis. The distribution of respondents according to their beliefs in the case of low blood sugar in children with diabetes, The most important signs were the highest percentage (31.6%) of severe perspiration, loss of consciousness, nervousness, and headache, in the case of high blood sugar in the child, and the most prominent signs, the highest percentage (50.6) from the point of view of the parentare (frequent urination, extreme thirst Changes in behavior, fatigue, feeling hungry and nervousness, how to monitor the health status of children with diabetes, by mothers and fathers, the highest (78%) is to see a specialist doctor (follow-up educational programs through (social media, audio-visual, radio, etc.) It is presented in diabetes clinics during the review. Table (5) shows in the case of high blood sugar in children, the most prominent signs. The highest percentage (50.6) from the point of view of parentis (frequent urination, extreme thirst, changes in behavior and fatigue, feeling hungry and nervousness), factors that help control diabetes in these parents. One-third of the participants (30.9%) exercised physical activities, following the child's diet, and monitoring the level of type 1 diabetes, type 1, in the blood. Behaviors of Italy that changed the life of a child with type 1 diabetes. The highest percentage (43%) said food, health, and changes to parentand the highest percentage (45.6%) said that the reason for the change was through the educational programs followed, and they had a previous patient conviction and personal illnesses that the child with diabetes 1 may be exposed to. The highest percentage (30.4%) was damaged from the parents’ point of view. Nerve damage, most appropriately, did not follow the highest percentage (58.2) of a special diet for the child. Table (6) shows that the child has diabetes. It may cause parentto the highest percentage (53.2%) of anxiety and fear of the child’s injury, psychological anxiety about the future of the child, the reasons that lead to high blood sugar levels in children from the point of view of parents, where the highest percentage (50.6%) said that the type of diet, lack of sleep and fatigue. Educational programs related to type 1 diabetes, the highest percentage (44.3%), said yes, considering knowledge of diabetes. In your opinion, the best way to provide a healthy educational program is that the highest percentage (4.54%) of parentprefer to provide educational programs through groups. The lowest percentage (21.5%) of parentsaid it was individual and general. Health programs you prefer to follow the question during which health programs were preferred by the parentwho participated in the study. The highest percentage (56.10%) said the best way to follow it was through the internet, lectures, seminars and television.

Barriers to Corporate Entrepreneurship in Large Organisations: A Study of Private-Public Institutions in Nigeria []


Corporate entrepreneurship, the integration of entrepreneurial principles within established organisations, is pivotal for innovation and economic growth, particularly in Nigeria’s quest for diversification. However, large private-public institutions, including federal ministries, face systemic barriers underexplored in existing literature, which predominantly focuses on small and medium enterprises. This mixed-methods study investigates structural, cultural, and systemic barriers to corporate entrepreneurship in Nigeria, employing structural equation modelling and thematic analysis of data from 350 survey respondents and 15 key informants. Findings reveal that structural barriers, such as bureaucratic hierarchies, significantly inhibit internal corporate venturing, while systemic challenges, including policy instability, most detrimentally affect entrepreneurial orientation. Cultural resistance to risk-taking further stifles organisational learning. Technological advancement moderates structural barriers but proves ineffective against systemic and cultural impediments. The study contributes to theory by contextualising global frameworks within Nigeria’s institutional landscape and introducing technology’s nuanced moderating role. Practically, it advocates decentralised governance, cultural shifts towards experimentation, and stabilised regulatory environments to foster entrepreneurial agility. By addressing these barriers, Nigerian institutions can harness corporate entrepreneurship to drive sustainable development, offering replicable strategies for emerging economies grappling with similar institutional complexities.

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF AN EIGHT ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA FOR 5G WIRELESS COMMUNICATION []


ABSTRACT In this research, the design and simulation of an eight element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system for 5G network and millimeter-wave wireless communication was presented. The MIMO antenna was designed to overcome the challenges of signal fading, multipath fading, path loss, interference issues and limited spectrum. A single element Microstrip antenna was first designed, this was followed by the design of the eight element MIMO antenna. Rogers RT Duroid 5880 material was used as the substrate with relative permittivity () of 2.2 and loss tangent (tan ) of 0.019. The MIMO antenna was designed to operate at different frequencies of 26GHz-38GHz which falls within the frequency band for 5G and millimeter-wave communication. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software was used in the design and simulation of the antenna. The simulation results showed that the MIMO antenna showed a better performance with efficiencies of 85.3%, 81.4% and 79.9% at 30GHz, 38GHz and 37GHz respectively with acceptable values of Voltage Standing Wave Ratios (VSWR), Thus making the MIMO antenna very suitable for 5G and millimeter-wave applications. Keywords: MIMO, 5G Antenna, Radiation Pattern, Computer Simulation Technology, VSWR.

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL USE ON STUDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT AT TAGOLOAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE []


Abstract. This study investigated the impact of technological use on the learning engagement, academic self-efficacy, and academic success of BSBA students at Tagoloan Community College in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Findings revealed a strong positive perception of technology's influence, particularly in enhancing access to learning resources. Cell phones emerged as the most influential tool for student engagement. At the same time, the Learning Management System (LMS) was valued for its accessibility to course materials, with opportunities for improvement in interactive features. Laptops were considered useful for research but not primary for note-taking, and digital textbooks were acknowledged but not perceived as highly engaging. The study highlights a significant positive relationship between technological use and learning engagement, with technology also bolstering academic self-efficacy and contributing to perceived academic success. However, the impact of technology on focus during lectures was less strongly agreed upon. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Tagoloan Community College strategically enhance its digital infrastructure and resources, ensuring reliable and user-friendly access for all students. Emphasis should be placed on optimizing the LMS for mobile devices and improving its interactive and communication features. Faculty development should focus on effectively integrating technology to promote active learning and maintain student focus. Furthermore, the college should leverage the prevalent use of cell phones for academic purposes while providing guidance on effective mobile learning strategies and addressing potential distractions. Exploring more engaging digital textbook formats and providing digital literacy training is also crucial to maximizing the benefits of technology and fostering student success within the local educational context.

SOCIOECOLOGICAL SYSTEM INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOR OF KINDERGARTEN LEARNERS: BASIS FOR AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM []


Abstract. Kindergarten is a crucial time when children begin to develop interests and learn to interact with peers, teachers, and parents. This period sharpens their learning abilities and fosters cognitive, emotional, and social skills essential for future success. This study was conducted at Mandacpan Elementary School in Butuan City and explored the impact of socioecological factorsfamily culture and belief, peer behavior, school environment, and teacher-parent relationships- on the behavior of kindergarten learners. The research aimed to understand how these factors influence social development across various domains, and how they differ when experienced individually or in combination. Survey data were collected to assess the manifestation of these influences, with the findings forming the basis for a proposed intervention program. Resultsrevealed that peer behavior had the most significant positive impact, accounting for 28.8% of the variation in learner’s social behavior, indicating that children are strongly influenced by their interactions with peers, which shape their social adaptability and cooperation. Conversely, family culture and beliefs had a negative influence when overprotective family dynamics limited children’s independence, contributing to challenges in social engagement. Together, peer behavior and family culture explained 37.4% of the variance in learner’s social behavior. Additionally, the study identified areas where children struggled, such as sharing and patience, and noted inconsistencies in family praise and encouragement that affected their self-esteem and motivation. Based on these results, an intervention program was proposed to strengthen positive peer relationships and address family dynamics that hinder social development, fostering healthier behavior and social skills in kindergarten learners.

NEW NORMAL CHALLENGES AND COPING MECHANISMS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN BUENAVISTA CLUSTER III []


Abstract. The primary objective of this study was to assess the level of challenges encountered by English language teachers in the "new normal" educational setting, focusing on areas such as the provision of resources, delivering English lesson contents, and designing learners' tasks, as well as to ascertain the extent of coping mechanisms they employed to address these challenges. The study included elementary teachers teaching English in the Buenavista Cluster III District who were randomly selected. It utilized a researcher-made research instrument, which underwent validity and reliability testing through a trial process. The study revealed that as English teachers experienced greater challenges during the new normal, they increasingly relied on coping mechanisms such as problem-focused strategies and contextualizing content to effectively manage these difficulties. Teachers face challenges in resource provision to improve this, schools and educational institutions may enhance access to quality resources, particularly for remote learning, and provide teachers with toolkits that simplify lesson delivery and task design. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing valuable insights into the challenges English language teachers face in the "new normal" and the coping strategies they adopt, offering guidance for future resource allocation and support initiatives in educational settings.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A DIGITIZED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL (DIM) IN SCIENCE 5 []


Abstract. This study developed and validated Digitized Instructional Materials (DIM) for Science V at Ampayon Central Elementary School. The study employed the SAMR model in the development and validation of the materials. A descriptive-developmental research design was used to create DIMs that were not only visually engaging and user-friendly but also closely aligned with the Department of Education's (DepEd) Learning Competencies for Grade 5 Science. The materials were intended to enhance the delivery of content in a more interactive and accessible way, fostering a deeper understanding of scientific concepts among students. The experts validate the DIM using the DepEd LRMDS Evaluation Rating Sheet. The participants of the study were (4) four experts and (80) eighty Grade 5 pupils. The findings of the study revealed that in the third quarter MPS analysis, the competency "describes the motion of an object by tracing and measuring its change in position (distance traveled) over some time" (S5FE-III-a-1) was the least mastered by students. Expert validation confirmed that the DIM met the required standards outlined by the DepEd LRMDS, particularly in terms of content accuracy, clarity of presentation, and alignment with learning outcomes. The evaluators highlighted the strengths of the DIM, noting their ability to engage students interactively and enhance conceptual understanding. Furthermore, the use of digital tools was praised for its capacity to make complex scientific concepts more accessible and relatable to the students. Based on the findings, the study recommended the continued development and refinement of DIM, particularly focusing on addressing least-learned competencies. It also suggested that more attention be given to the selection and design of illustrations, ensuring they are contextually relevant and appropriate for the target audience. Additionally, the importance of expert consultation in the development process was emphasized to ensure the highest quality of instructional materials. The study concluded that interactive digital materials have significant potential to address gaps in science education, enhance student engagement, and ultimately improve learning outcomes in the subject.

CONNAISSANCES, ATTITUDES ET COMPORTEMENT DES ETUDIANTS SUR LES MESURES DE PREVENTION DES INFECTIONS SEXUELLEMENT TRANSMISSIBLES (IST) (Cas de l’Université de GOMA/RD. CONGO) []


Introduction: La présente étude a pour objectif de contribuer à promotion de la santé sexuelle chez les étudiants par l’amélioration de leurs connaissances, attitude et comportement sur les mesures prévention des infections sexuellement transmissibles. . Méthode : L’étude a été menée dans la ville de Goma, à l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo auprès des étudiants de l’Université de Goma. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive transversale prospective.. La récolte s’est faite à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Notre population cible seras menée sur les étudiants de l'Université de Goma sélectionnés dans l’échantillon selon le critère d’inclusion suivant : Tous les étudiants régulièrement inscrit et ayant accepté des participer à notre étude. L’échantillon est aléatoire stratifié et sa taille était de 423 étudiants. Résultats : 99,1% était constitué des enquêtés ayant déclaré avoir déjà entendu parler des infections sexuellement transmissibles. 76,6% d’étudiants avaient cité le rapport sexuel non protégé comme le mode de transmission des infections sexuellement transmissible. 60,6% connaissaient le VIH/SIDA comme un des types des IST. 28,5% d’étudiants avaient cité la brulure et la douleur comme les symptômes des IST. Concernant l’attitude des étudiants, la majorité soit 124 sur 428 soir 48,0%, savaient que les moyens les plus efficaces pour prévenir les IST était l’abstinence au rapport sexuel. En rapport avec le comportement, la plupart de majorité des enquêtés disait avoir eu des rapports sexuels en utilisant le préservatif avec 251 soit 69,9%. Conclusion : La prévention reste le meilleur traitement contre les infections sexuellement transmissibles, Cependant, et malgré tous les efforts fournis, la propagation de certaines infections sexuellement transmissible demeure importante et parfois incontrôlable. Les plus rencontrées sont la Syphilis et le VIH. Des actions de sensibilisation semblaient être nécessaires auprès des parents pour parler de la sexualité à leurs jeunes adultes non encore mariés afin de leur transmettre la bonne information. Mots clés : comportement à risques, dépistage, infections sexuellement transmissibles, mesure préventive.

DETERMINANTS DES GROSSESSES PRECOCES DANS LA VILLE DE GOMA EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO []


Introduction: La présente étude a pour objectif de contribuer à promotion de la santé des adolescentes par la prévention de la survenue des grossesses precoces. Méthode : L’étude a été menée dans la ville de Goma, à l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo. La ville de Goma est subdivisée en 2 entités administratives, les communes de Goma et Karisimbi. Elle compte près d’un million d’habitants dont les adolescentes représentent 15% de la population générale (6). La population cible de l’étude est celle des adolescentes enceintes ou ayant déjà accouché. Nous avons rencontré 384 qui ont accepté de répondre à notre questionnaire d’enquête. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale et analytique. La récolte s’est faite à l’aide d’un questionnaire pré-testé et numérisé sur Kobocollect. Résultats : Du point de vue obstétricale, 68% de nos enquêtées étaient enceintes au moment de l’enquête, 87,5% à leur première grossesse et 80% ont eu leur première grossesse après l’âge de 15 ans. Interrogées sur leur perception des facteurs favorisant la survenue des grossesses précoces, nos enquêtées ont cité le manque d’éducation sexuelle(85%), la pression sociale ou familiale (63%), la précarité économique (52%), les abus sexuels ou mariages précoces (52%) et l’influence des paires ou des médias (31%). En ce qui concerne les détails sur leur éducation à la reproduction, 75% décident seules sur leur santé de la reproduction et 51% ont accès aux méthodes contraceptives. En analyses bivariées, il ressort que les facteurs significativement liés à la survenue d’une grossesse avant 16 ans sont l’abandon scolaire, le faible revenu familial, les abus sexuels ou mariages précoces, l’accès tardif à l’éducation de la reproduction. Conclusion La maternité précoce est problème concret de santé mondiale et spécifiquement dans la ville de Goma. Elle couvre une complexité des facteurs associés tant sur le plan démographique, socioéconomique, éducatif, culturel, comportemental et étatique. Sa lutte doit être multisectorielle et axée sur des facteurs clairement identifiés. Dans cette étude, il ressort que l’abandon scolaire, le faible revenu familial, les abus et mariages précoces, le faible accès à l’éducation de la reproduction sont des déterminants significatifs de la maternité précoce en ville de Goma. Des actions fondées sur l’amélioration de l’accès à l’éducation pour les adolescentes et la criminalisation collective des mariages précoces permettront d’inverser la tendance. Mots clés : Adolescente, Grossesse précoce, Contraception

Diabetes Mellitus Experiences, Self-care practices, and Challenges in Selected Healthy Facilities in Mbarara City []


Diabetes Mellitus Experiences, Self-care practices, and Challenges in Selected Healthy Facilities in Mbarara City. Atuhaire Phionah1, Katushabe Eve1 Nursing department, Bishop Stuart University Correspondence; Phionah Atuhaire .Email, phionaatuhaire98@gmail.com. Bishop Stuart University Eve Katushabe. Email, katushabeeve@yahoo.com. Bishop Stuart University. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, self-care practices, experiences, challenges while seeking care Abstract. Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent non- communicable diseases in Uganda. Its complications whether acute or chronic impact the physical, mental, and social well-being of people living with it, thereby, placing a major burden on both patients' health and the health care system. Previous research shows that adequate self-care practices among these patients facilitates improved control over blood glucose levels and prevent complications. Objectives: To explore the diabetes mellitus experiences, self-care practices and challenges in selected health facilities in Mbarara city. Methods: A narrative cross sectional study that was entirely qualitative was utilized. The study was carried out among 12 diabetic patients, 5 females and 7 males, and this depended on saturation point; all participants ranged from 30 years to 80 years of age. Participants were chosen using purposive sampling. The study was conducted from Ruharo mission hospital and Mbarara city council health center IV after obtaining ethical approval from Bishop stuart REC on 18/2/2025 under REC approval number BSU-2025-497. Data was collected in a one month period from 5 th march to 5 th April. In-depth interviews were conducted through face to face interviews and thematic analysis was used. Results: Three major themes were developed, among which include; experiences, self-care practices and challenges met while seeking care. Under each theme, subthemes were developed which have been presented and discussed in the result section. Conclusion; People living with type 11 diabetes mellitus face different constraints which impend self-care health outcomes. It would be important if the government puts into consideration of these patients by improving access and quality of care in all health facilities despite of the level.

Informal Agricultural Trade: Evaluating Market Collection Points in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh []


The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) is located in the south east of Bangladesh and consists of three districts: Bandarban, Khagrachari and Rangamati. The region is home to 12 different ethnic groups, in addition to the Bengali population, and has a population of 1.6 million (1 percent of the national population), occupying around 10% of land of Bangladesh. The agricultural sector in the CHT employs 75 percent of the population. Government initiatives have signally failed to encourage a business enabling environment in CHT, and slow private sector growth prevails in the region. In recent times, informal agricultural trades through Market Collection Points, exploring mutual benefits to farmers, traders and communities. The research investigates detail insights of informal agricultural trades through Market Collection Points in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. In total, there are 201 MCPs spread across the three districts, reflecting varying levels of accessibility in market collection in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Rangamati hosts the highest number of MCPs at 85, accounting for approximately 42% of the total collection points. Khagrachari follows with 70 MCPs (35%), while Bandarban has the least with 46 MCPs (23%). The highest, 134 MCPs established by Hill District Councils (Rangamati-57, Khagrachari-44 and Bandarban-33) through Agriculture and Food Security Project, supported by UNDP and other projects and organizations are NGOs, ADB, CHTDB, GoB fund through MoCHTA etc. Informal trades through MCPs, initiated primarily through RSSC, following the success Agriculture and Food Security Project driven in leading position thus following NGOs and other organizations using the mechanism to benefit communities. The establishment cost of MCPs differs significantly amongst projects and organizations. The lowest establishment cost of MCP BDT 50000 by AFSP and the highest establishment cost is BDT 2000000 by NGO. Considering the functionality, the majority of MCPs fall under Category B (Partially Active) with 113 MCPs (56%), followed by Category A (Fully Active) with 56 MCPs (28%), Category C (Inactive) accounting 30 MCPs (15%) of total MCPs. The nearest MCP distance from individual MCP reflects that 41% (92 of 201) MCPs within 0.5 to 5.50 km distance and requires around 05 to 304 minute walking time, 30% (60 of 201) MCPs within 5.5 to 10.5 km and require around 5 to 304 minute walking time and 15% (31 of 201) MCPs within 10.5 to 15.5 km distance and requires. The structural facilities and capacity of MCPs are i) storage capacity of MCPs are around 14% within 40 monds (a traditional measuring unit, 01 mond comprised of around 40 KG), 18% MCPs within 41-80 monds, 19% MCPs within 81 to 120 monds, 27% MCPs within 121 to 200 monds, about 21% MCPs have storage capacity above 200 monds. ii) sheds- all are tin sheds, iii) Wall patters- 46% with Tin fencing, followed by 38% with a combination of locally available materials such as wood, bamboo, tin, wire etc. iv) Toilet facilities- only 10% of MCPs with toilet facilities for clients v) Nearby water sources- 41% of MCPs have nearby water sources from natural streams vi) Weight measuring facilities- only 8% of MCPs have own weight measuring facilities vii) Power supply and lighting facilities- only 6% of MCPs with available power sources from grid line and solar energy sources viii) land ownerships- 16% MCPs established in own land and 73% were MCPs established on agreement with land owner ix) Presence of Management Committee- 79% of MCPs have a functional Management Committee. x) Around 45% of MCPs, maintain records, xi) only 18% (37 of 201) MCPs collect fee for their services. Annual transactions- 35% of MCPs make transactions within BDT 500000, 12% MCPs have transactions between BDT 500000 to BDT 1000000, 3% of MCPs deal within BDT 4500000 to BDT 5000000 and the highest 6% MCPs have transactions over BDT 100000000. However, 15% of MCPs don’t have any product transactions. On average 137 farmers from 6 communities and 7 businessman are involved in each functional MCP. The research tried to track the marketing outlets of Market Collection Points. It found a big portion of commodities channeled to Upazilla level markets. MCPs also send a big portion of products to outside CHT markets. Around 21% MCPs send products to all market outlets including markets within Union, Upazilla, District and Outside CHT mega markets.

OPINIONS DE LA POPULATION FACE A LA REINSERTION FAMILIALE DES ENFANTS EN RUPTURE DE LIEN FAMILIAL A MBUJIMAYI/RD-CONGO []


Introduction : Cette étude avait pour objectif de contribuer à la Compréhension des enjeux relatifs à la réinsertion familiale des enfants de la rue. Méthodologie : Cette étude est qualitative phénoménologique menée pour comprendre le phénomène des enfants de la rue tel qu’il se présente. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre des études du type descriptif transversal. Pour collecter les données, nous avions fait recours à la technique d’interview non structurée au moyen du guide d’entretien comme instrument, accompagné d’un appareil enregistreur. De cette population, nous avions retenue après saturation un échantillon composé de 12 personnes dont : 8 parents ou tuteurs et 4 acteurs sociaux tous habitants la ville de Mbujimayi. Résultats : La monoparentalité reste le facteur majeur cité par la majorité des enquêtés. La plupart insiste sur l’intervention du gouvernement et la médiation entre les enfants en rupture de lien familial et leurs parents comme la pierre angulaire dans le processus de réinsertion des enfants de la rue. Plusieurs enquêtés avancent la rébellion des enfants comme obstacle à la réinsertion des enfants. La majorité de sujets pensent que, si les enfants ne sont pas réinsérés, ils deviendront des bandits et les intervenants sollicitent l’implication du gouvernement pour le retour de ces enfants dans leurs familles. Conclusion : La situation des enfants en rupture de lien familial dans le monde reste et demeure un problème crucial à n’en plus finir puisque la solution y afférente ne peut provenir que d’un miracle. Il s’agit en effet, d’un problème qui doit faire l’objet d’un questionnement et d’une analyse de ceux qui sont placés pour corriger ce problème en s’engageant dans une démarche allant de la genèse jusqu’à la fin du processus. Mots clés : Opinion, population, enfant en rupture de lien familial, réinsertion familiale.

APPRAISING THE EFFECTS OF PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT ON BUILDING PROJECT COSTS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS []


The efficient use of plant and equipment in construction projects is essential for achieving cost-effective outcomes and timely completion. This study investigates the dynamics of plant and equipment utilization in construction projects within Enugu Metropolis, focusing on their impact on project costs, completion time, and the broader economic landscape. The research identifies the various types of plant and equipment commonly used in construction projects in the region and examines the different methods of selecting and procuring these resources. It explores both traditional procurement approaches and modern methods, analyzing their implications for project efficiency, cost management, and sustainability. The study examines the relationship between the use of plant and equipment and its effects on project costs. Through the analysis of empirical data from ongoing construction projects in Enugu Metropolis, it demonstrates how the optimal deployment of equipment can mitigate expenses and enhance project efficiency. The research employs a descriptive research design, providing a comprehensive overview of the conditions and relationships within the study area. A sample size of 52 participants was purposively selected, based on their expertise and direct involvement in construction activities in the region. Data obtained was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between variables. Key recommendations include ensuring the availability of essential equipment such as excavators, bulldozers, and dump trucks, implementing continuous training and skills development programs to optimize equipment use, and promoting the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices to reduce costs and environmental impact.