Volume 13, Issue 5, May 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Modeling Of Factors Responsible for Child' Mortality in North Central Nigeria []


Abstract The study examines factors that are responsible for child mortality in the North Central Nigeria, with intention to get the best model that can handle mortality data and identify the most parsimonious factors associated with child’s mortality in that region. Questionnaires method was adopted to collect information from the respondents. The study utilized frequency and percentage for descriptive analysis, while Zero Inflated Negative Binomial regression was applied for inferential analysis. R programming package V.4.1.2 was used for data analysis, and results were deemed statistically significant at P<0.05. The results revealed that factors such as household wealth, maternal education, healthcare access and water source significantly influenced child mortality rates. The Nigerian Government should recognize poverty as a multidimensional issue that affects not only economic stability but also public health. Consequently, addressing poverty requires prioritized attention and strategic interventions. Keywords: Mortality, Parsimonious, Zero Inflated distribution, factors, Negative Binomial

Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Uropathogenic bacteria from HIV Positive and HIV Negative Participants with Urinary Tract Infection in Imo State, Nigeria. []


This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of Uropathogenic bacteria in HIV positive and HIV negative participants. A total of 400 randomly selected participants comprising 200 HIV positive and 200 HIV negative participants at General hospital Awo-Omamma and Imo State Specialist hospital Umuguma, Owerri, Imo State were enrolled for the study. Specimens were collected from Out-patients ward of both hospitals between September and November 2019. Midstream urine samples were aseptically collected and analyzed following standard microbiological methods. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 was adopted to analyze data. For HIV positive participants, result showed that a total of 62(31%) had the highest infection rate (37%) observed within the 37-47 age bracket. In HIV negative participants, 41(20.5%) had UTI infection with the highest infection rate (40%) observed within the 70 and above age bracket. Bacteria isolates comprising Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp were identified. Escherichia coli was the most predominant organism in both HIV positive participants (28%) and HIV negative participants (34.2%). Proteus mirabilis was the least bacterial isolated from both HIV positive participants (12%) and HIV negative participants (5.3%). The study will expand the knowledge base on bacterial agents of urinary tract infections. Key words: Uropathogenic, prevalence, isolates, infection, bacteria, midstream urine.

Neurodivergent Attachment Theory []


Traditional attachment theory, developed within neurotypical frameworks, has long served as the foundation for understanding human bonding and relational dynamics. However, this framework inadequately reflects the lived experiences of neurodivergent individuals, those whose cognitive, sensory, and emotional processing diverge from dominant norms, such as individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and other neurodevelopmental conditions. This paper proposes a new theoretical model: Neurodivergent Attachment Theory (NAT), which reframes core attachment concepts by accounting for sensory sensitivities, emotional regulation differences, masking behaviors, and hyperfocus tendencies often seen in neurodivergent populations. Drawing from interdisciplinary literature across psychology, neuroscience, and neurodiversity scholarship, this model introduces distinct attachment styles observed in neurodivergent individuals. These include Sensory-Secure, Masking-Avoidant, Hyperfocus-Attached, Looping-Disorganized, and Cognitive-Connector styles. The paper also explores the relational, clinical, and public health implications of reframing attachment through a neurodivergent lens. By positioning NAT as a parallel and complementary model to classical attachment theory, this work contributes a culturally and neurologically inclusive approach to understanding human connection

Effects of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring Teaching Method on Retention Ability of Basic Technology Students in Oyo State Junior Secondary Schools []


Abstract This study determined the effect of two teaching methods (conventional and RPT teaching methods) onstudent’s academic achievement and retention of basic technology knowledge in Oyo state junior secondary schools. The study was guided by three research questions based on the purposes raised. The pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was employed.All the students from two intact schools JSS2 classeswere used. A 45 item multiple choice instruments was administered to the two treatment groups before, after the treatment and delayed posttest and the scores so obtained were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that RPT teaching methods have significant effect on students’ achievement and retention of b/b and c knowledge. RPT teaching method was found to be more effective in making the students’ to remember basic technology knowledge. It was therefore recommended that the RPT teaching method be used with confidence in Oyo state junior secondary schools.

Factors Contributing to Low Coverage of Tetanus Toxoid among pregnant Women in Ad-Damazin Locality (Blue Nile State) []


Abstract: Background: Neonatal tetanus remains a significant avertable cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Adequate vaccination strategies, including at least two doses of tetanus toxoid for reproductive age women, can decrease neonatal mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors contribute to low coverage of Tetanus Toxoid immunization. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study health facility based conducted in Aldamazin locality. Data was collected via questionnaire and interview of healthcare providers. Results: The coverage of TT was found to be 68.2%. Only 27.8% were taking five doses, 19.3% taking three doses and 15.8% taking two doses. Knowledge by symptoms of TT was poor while knowledge by methods of prevention was good. The study revealed that age of pregnant women (p=.000), mother level of education (p=.009), ANC visits (p=.006), number of ANC visits (P=.003), distance of health center from house (p=.007), time to health center (p=.0018), number of pregnancy (p=.000) and gestational age of pregnancy (.000) were significantly influence the vaccination status and contribute to low coverage of TT. Women who having ANC visits were significantly more vaccinated against TT (70%). The odds of vaccination against TT were increased 2.4 folds among women having ANC visits (OR=2.4, 95% CI (1.3-4.5). Conclusion: The rate of vaccination against TT is relatively high, but with complete of five doses is considered low. Age of pregnant women, mother level of education, ANC visits, number of ANC visits, distance of health center from house, time to health center, and number of pregnancy and gestational age of pregnancy were significantly influence the vaccination status and contribute to low coverage of TT. In order t increase the proportion of mothers protected at birth, awareness creation and immunization campaigns should be directed to school-aged groups, during preconception care, and antenatal care should also be strengthened. Furthermore, more studies are needed to determine the absolute proportion of mothers protected from tetanus at birth by antibody testing.

CROYANCES FATALISTES, CROYANCES CULTURELLES ET COMPORTEMENTS D’INSÉCURITÉ CHEZ LES TRAVAILLEURS DU SECTEUR INDUSTRIEL []


Les comportements d’insécurité constituent l’un des problèmes majeur de la vie professionnelle. Les recherches ont montré qu’un nombre important d’accidents de travail sont dus à des erreurs humaines plutôt qu’à des problèmes techniques. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre les comportements à risque des employés afin de prévenir les accidents de travail. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner le lien entre les croyances fatalistes, les croyances culturelles et les comportements à risque des travailleurs du secteur industriel. Cette étude s’est inspirée de la théorie de la motivation de protection de Rogers (1983). Pour les besoins de cette étude, les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire auprès de 423 travailleurs du secteur industriel dans région de l’Ouest au Cameroun. La fiabilité du questionnaire a été testée à l’aide de la technique Alpha de Crombach avec des coefficients de α = 0,761, α = 0,878 et α = 0,829 respectivement pour les croyances fatalistes, les croyances culturelles et les comportements d’insécurité. Le traitement des données collectées a été effectué à l’aide du logiciel statistique JASP.17.1.0 ; des analyses descriptives et un test de corrélation ont été effectués. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent l’existence d’un lien positif et significatif entre les croyances fatalistes et les comportements d’insécurité (r = .401***), et entre les croyances culturelles et les comportements d’insécurité (r = .358***).

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION ON ADMINSTRATIVE EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NCHELENGE DISTRICT, LUAPULA PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA. []


The integration of technology in educational administration has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of school management, particularly in resource-constrained environments. In Zambia, while national policies promote the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education, rural districts such as Nchelenge in Luapula Province often face barriers to full implementation. This study investigates the impact of technology integration on administrative efficiency in selected educational institutions within Nchelenge District. The primary objective of the research was to assess how the adoption of digital tools influences administrative processes such as data management, communication, and record-keeping. A descriptive case study design was employed, involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and document reviews from school administrators, ICT coordinators, and district officials. Findings revealed a moderate level of technology integration, with schools using basic tools like computers, mobile communication platforms, and spreadsheets. Participants reported improvements in data accuracy and communication speed, but also highlighted challenges such as unreliable internet connectivity, limited technical support, and insufficient ICT training. The study concludes that while technology has positively influenced administrative efficiency, its impact remains constrained by infrastructural and capacity-related limitations. It recommends increased investment in ICT infrastructure, continuous professional development, and stronger policy implementation at the district level to maximize benefits. Administrative efficiency in educational institutions referred to the ability of school administrators to manage resources, communicate effectively, and maintain accurate records in a timely and organized manner. With the integration of ICTs, schools had the potential to automate these tasks, reduce human error, and enhance communication both within schools and with stakeholders at the district and national levels. However, despite various efforts to integrate technology into the educational system, rural districts like Nchelenge in Luapula Province faced numerous challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to reliable internet, and a shortage of skilled personnel. These challenges hindered the full realization of the potential benefits of technology in improving administrative efficiency. The research gap lay in the limited empirical evidence on how technology integration affected administrative processes in rural Zambian schools, particularly in districts like Nchelenge. While previous studies had addressed the use of ICTs in teaching and learning, there was little focus on how these technologies impacted administrative efficiency in resource-limited settings.

Transformative Trajectories: An In-depth Analysis of ICT Integration in the Somali Higher Education System []


The dynamic landscape of information and communication technology (ICT) integration in Somalia's higher education is thoroughly explored in this research paper. The main goal of the study is to comprehend how ICT can revolutionize education in the Somali context. Seven primary goals are sought after through a methodical investigation used in the research. It first looks at the relationship between student academic achievement and technology adoption in order to evaluate the impact of ICT integration. The study also looks at the benefits and drawbacks of ICT integration in Somali higher education, providing insights into problems with institutions, infrastructure, and training. An important component of the research is analyzing the current state of ICT integration in higher education institutions in Somalia. This means evaluating the infrastructure, faculty readiness, and available technology resources in addition to looking into untapped potential for future integration. Moreover, the study evaluates the specific benefits and advantageous outcomes that result from the effective integration of ICT, with a focus on improved accessibility, raised educational standards, and program relevance. The study goes beyond a superficial analysis of the current state of affairs to explore the revolutionary possibilities of ICT integration. It looks into how ICT use can make the Somali Higher Education System more creative, adaptable, and competitive worldwide. Additionally, the study hopes to contribute to the creation of workable plans for effective ICT integration. The research intends to provide policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in Somali higher education with helpful recommendations for a sustainable and successful adoption of technology by identifying opportunities and challenges. The final objective of the research is to examine how ICT promotes students' empowerment and the country's overall socioeconomic development. In order to obtain thorough insights, the study uses a mixed-methods approach that combines questionnaires, interviews, and documentary analysis. The goal of this comprehensive study is to shed light on the potentially transformative paths that ICT integration can take within the particular and dynamic context of the Somali Higher Education System. Policymakers, educators, and researchers must consider the implications of the findings.They provide insightful information about the opportunities, risks, and possible advantages of integrating ICT in higher education within the Somali context.

Efficiency of a Generalized Diversity Index: A New Way to Look at Bio-diversity []


In the present article, we have explored the concept of bio-diversity, which is a crucial aspect of environmental services. Bio-diversity encompasses all living things, including microbes, plants, animals, and humans. Bio-diversities are difficult to define and measure. Central to the issues is the concept of species, which has proved most elusive to generations of biologists. Most diversity indices do not consider differences between species when summarizing data on the relative abundance of the community. Therefore, it is important to have realistic diversity measures that factor in differences between species and their contributions to the ecosystem. For this, we introduce here a new generalized index of diversity to consider any difference between the abundances of species based on the relative abundances of the different species in the community.

Systemic Review: Overview of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) []


Abstract Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the process, which works in combination with anatomical methods, immunological, and biochemical techniques to visualize discrete components, and pathologies present in tissues by using target-specific, appropriate antibodies. These antibodies bind specifically to their target antigens in situ. With the advancement in IHC, it is possible to visualize and document the high-resolution imaging, distribution, and localization of specific cellular components within cells and within their proper histological context. Although there are many approaches and permutations in IHC methodology, all of the steps involved are separated into two groups: sample preparation and sample staining. Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Tissue fixation, immunostaining, Abbreviation: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded (FFPE).