Volume 10, Issue 2, February 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

[1]  [2]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]  [7]

AN EVALUATION ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 IN THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN OMAN (OMANTEL AND OOREDOO) []


The COVID-19 pandemic has had major adverse impacts on most of the industries and commercial sectors across the globe. In light of this, the following research aims to determine the depth of its impact on the telecommunication sector in Oman, by assessing the effects on the financial performance of the two major telecom companies in the country, that is, Omantel and Ooredoo. The impact of leverage and liquidity on these companies’ finances of the past five years has also been studied. The major sources of information are secondary in this study, including the audited financial reports for the firms and other research sources. The information from these sources has been analysed qualitatively and quantitively. The finances of the companies have been put through ratio, statistical and descriptive analyses. The tool ‘E-VIEWS’ was used for the same. It was observed that despite the pandemic, there was no significant impact on these companies and their financial performance. Further, strategic resolutions have been provided in the research, and there is scope for future comparative studies in the same sector, with the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Financial Performance, Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, ROE, ROA, D-T-E, DR, CR, QR

Production Potentials and Strategic Constraints of livestock in Gedeb District, Gedeo Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia []


Gedeb district is known for its livestock production in the Gedeo zone of SNNPRS. Various types of livestock being raised were manifestations of livestock potential of this district although various factors of production and productivity were retaining back development of the sector. Therefore, this study was conducted in Gedeb district to identify and document the recurrent production potential and constraints in the livestock sector so as to base research and development works on the output. To achieve these objectives, checklists were prepared; sample Kebeles, focus group discussion (FGD) participants and key informants were purposively selected, interviewed and discussions were made. Secondary data were collected from the districts and selected Kebeles. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result indicated that availability of a large flock of livestock species such as cattle, sheep, poultry, honey bee, fish, and equine; the trend of rearing improved breeds of dairy, beef, and poultry; improved forage crops, and supplementary feeds as commonly used feed resources among others were identified as major potentials and opportunities of livestock production. Whereas, a decreasing trend of grazing land; diseases prevalence; absence of modern equipment and lack of experience in the fishery/aquaculture; lack of modern hive; lack of training; lack of improved breed of goat and equines; lack of improved steer and sheep for mating; absence of oil crop cakes and molasses and the likes were identified as constraints in livestock production in the district. Based on these results, research, demonstrations, and training on livestock disease and parasite management; training and demonstration of technologies such as modern hive and fish production; demonstration of improved breeds and training on their management; demonstration of industrial feeds of livestock such as oil cake and molasses; research on breed improvements such as sheep and equine; strengthening and modernizing of some services such as AI and bull services; researches on impacts of infrastructures such as veterinary clinics and others; training on strengthening extension system and the likes were some of the ways forward recommended to be undertaken to enhance production and productivity of livestock in the study district. Keywords: livestock production; opportunities; constraints; descriptive statistics

INTEGRATED FISH FARMING AS A PROTEIN SOURCES FOR FAMILIES (A REVIEW) []


Directing the community at the household level to independently generate protein by exploiting the backyard at home is one of the efforts that can be made to maintain optimal nutritional intake for families and toddlers. One alternative for obtaining a self-sufficient supply of animal and vegetable protein for the family is to engage in integrated fish farming. Integrated farming with fish cultivation in buckets is a way of growing fish in a container (bucket shaped) while also growing vegetables. This method is not only space-saving, but it also saves electricity and is envi-ronmentally good as it does not require additional fertilizer throughout its upkeep.

Qualitative analysis of Factors Affecting Agricultural Production in Africa []


For every country in the world, agriculture is an indispensable sector that accelerates economic growth and development. Likewise, agriculture is the dominant sector and main stay of the worlds’ population especially, in developing countries. Moreover, African agriculture is seriously inhibited by the political or institutional factors, lack of agricultural technologies, ago-ecological factors, poor investment in research and development. Smallholder farmers and smallholder agricultural production are pertinent to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) particularly reducing hunger and poverty. The major factors which African agriculture depends on are gender, education level, Off-farm Participation, credit, Extension Workers (EWs) or Development Agents (DAs) and agricultural cooperatives. Therefore, it is recommended to make avail this institutional factors and training of farmers on improved agricultural technologies like mechanization of subsistent farming, commercialization of farms, promotion of market-oriented farming to boost the production and productivity in Africa. By this poverty and food insecurity can be reduced by significant amount. Key words: Africa, Factors, food security, Poverty Production

The Role of Accounting Information in Business Forecasting and Budgetary Practices A Case Study of Awasr Oman Company []


Accounting information has for ages been used by business forecasting teams in the various organizational or business settings. It has been given priority in playing a role in business forecast and budgetary practices among companies and organizations. The research was carried out at Awasr Company where its role was surveyed from the company staff. Business forecasting and budgetary practices are ways that organizations or companies make use of historical data to estimate future performances. The historical information has to be obtained from a business or organization’s accounting information. The information when analysed from past years, it forms a possible expectation for future performances by using it in forecasting and budgeting for estimated outcomes. Therefore, the research’s objective was to analyse and determine the role of accounting information at Awasr Company in business forecasting and budgetary practice. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied during the study in collecting and analysing information. The obtained results from 67 sampled participants indicated that accounting information plays a role in business forecast and budgetary practices by 56.7% and 79.1% respectively. However, 55.2% of the participants could raise issues that accounting information is historical hence unreliable for future results. In finalizing the research, the given recommendations for a better use of accounting information within organizations, companies, and businesses were tracking of everything, using flexible budgets and forecasts, sticking to company plans, involving an entire team in a company, and including set profit and cash flow goals. Keywords: Accounting Information, Business Forecast, Budgetary Practices, Profit, Cashflow

MODELLING OF CONFIRMED CASES OF COVID-19 IN NIGERIA USING GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MODEL (GAM) []


Coronavirus (Covid-19),the deadly pandemic continues to spread across the globe and there is need to study the nature of spread of the pandemic since researchers still do not know definitively the effectiveness of the said vaccine for the pandemic (Covid-19). Time series model was used to show the nature and behavior of confirmed cases of the pandemic in Nigeria. Firstly, a comparison of two models (GLM and GAM) was studied for the confirmed cases of covid-19 pandemic and GAM was suspected to be a better model for the data set with the minimum selection criterion. Secondly, for the numerical solution of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), the Cubic regression(cr) spline was adopted and the knots were varied with seven days interval (k= 7, 14 , 21 , 28). A GAM with k=28 was chosen among other GAM with different kth value since it has the best p-value, the k-index is greater than one(1), the expected degree of freedom (edf) departed widely from k-1and the diagnostic plot shows the normality assumption of the model. Finally, some graphical results were presented and the findings showed that, if all necessary preventives measures are abided by individuals in the country, there is tendency of the figures of Covid-19 pandemic to drop to insignificant figure in the future.

MANAGEMENT OF IN LAND PUBLIC WATERS CITUMANG TOURISM IN PANGANDARAN REGENCY []


Citumang is a water tourism object under the auspices of Perum Perhutani where there is a river with clear water quality and clear blue with a calm flow discharge from a cave upstream, water from this river can be drunk directly because the Citumang river itself is one of the spring for local residents. This river is located in Bantarsari Hamlet, Bojong Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency, West Java and is located on Perhutani land. Besides being able to be used for natural tourism such as body rafting, swimming, outbound, trecking, ca-noeing, camping, and sightseeing, Citumang can also be used for irrigation of agricultural land, sources of clean water for the surrounding community, education, and research. There are problems that arise in the Citumang tourist attraction, namely the implementation of the tourism object development strategy is not yet optimal. The Citumang tourism object is managed by several related agencies such as Perhutani BKPH Pangandaran Regency which is the main agency in owning the land area of the Citumang tourist attraction, the Kompepar Pangandaran Regency or tourism driver in Pangandaran Regency which has the task of controlling Citumang tourism objects, Bojong Vil-lage Youth Organization which is the driving force. the main point of marketing for the Citumang tourism object, and the people around the Citumang area

JEBULAN NATURAL TOURISM IN CIGUGUR, PANGANDARAN REGENCY : MANAGEMENT AND CURRENT ISSUES []


Indonesia has very abundant resources consisting of natural resources and artificial resources. These two types of resources have potential as tourist attractions. Jebulan is one of the natural attractions in Pangandaran Regency. This objective aims to analyze the nature tourism of Jebulan Pangandaran which consists of location, problems and management strategies. The results of the analysis show that Jebulan is located in Cigugur Village, Cigugur District, Pangandaran Regency, which is 34 km from Pangandaran Beach. The problems that occur are inadequate access and the long distance from the city center. Meanwhile, the management strategy that must be carried out is by improv-ing access, facilities and management structures.

CIWAYANG RIVER NATURAL TOURISM IN CIGUGUR, PAN-GANDARAN REGENCY : PROBLEMS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS []


Rivers are open waterways that form naturally above the earth's surface, not only storing water but also flowing it from upstream to downstream and to the estuary. The Ciwayang River is one of the rivers located in the Cigugur district. This river is 35 kilometers from Pangandaran Beach tourism object or about 40 minutes’ drive. One of the problems in the Ciwayang river is water pollution caused by the waste disposal of CV Una Surya Mandiri (USM) coconut management. One way to overcome this waste pollution is to treat the waste properly. The Ciwayang River is managed directly by the Pangandaran district government, and is one of the attractions that drives the economy in Pangandaran district.

INLAND WATER MANAGEMENT AND CHALLENGES : CASE STUDY SANTIRAH RIVER, PANGANDARAN REGENCY []


Pangandaran is one of the tourist destinations in West Java because it has many tourist attractions such as Pangandaran Beach, Batu Hiu Beach and Batu Karas Beach, Citumang, green canyon and Santirah. Santirah river tubing is located in Giriharja Hamlet, selasari Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency. Santirah is a community-based water tourism. The road access to the Santirah tourist attraction is said to be in poor condition, because of the narrow road body coupled with several damaged roads. The problem with the Santirah tour-ist attraction is the lack of tourism supporting facilities and facilities, the condition of fluctuating water discharge, and it's difficult geo-graphical location. in reach.

Assessment of Early Childhood Care Development and Education (ECCDE) Curriculum Implementation Policiesin Adamawa Central Education Zone, Adamawa State, Nigeria []


Abstract: This study assessed the implementation of Early Childhood Care Development Education (ECCDE) curriculum policies in Adamawa state, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design and two research questions guided the study. Two hundred and seventeen respondents were used from forty-four selected public primary schools in the study area. The instruments used for data collection were structured questionnaire (CIRQ)and checklist (CIRC) validated by experts. The reliability of the instruments was established using PPMC and a reliability coefficient index of 0.94 and 0.64 were obtained respectively. Data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation via SPS. The findings revealed that the majority 399 out of the 454 ECCDE teachers in Adamawa Central Education Zone were unqualified only 55 of the teachers were found to be ECCDE specialists. It was discovered that only 30 out of the 44 ECCDE centers visited have learning environments/physical settings requirements that were in harmony with the prescribed ECCDE minimum standard. Based on the research findings, it was recommended that additional 170 trained ECCDE teachers should be made by the government in partnership with SUBEB. The unqualified ones should be sponsored for in-service training programmes, workshops, and seminars. The government in collaboration in collaboration with non-governmental agencies should intensify efforts toward upgrading and maintaining ECCDE centers in the zone to best practice standards through the renovation of dilapidated structures, painting, and repainting of classrooms, and establishment of additional free ECCDE centers to ease accessibility to all children.

THE STUDY OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN ECOTOURISM MANAGE-MENT IN KAB. PANGANDARAN []


Pangandaran Regency is currently one of the prima donna of beach tourism destinations. Geographically, Pangandaran Regency is located in the southern coastal area of Jasarat with its various uniqueness, Pangandaran beach tourism area has a fairly high attractiveness. Tour-ism development that has a major impact on the community can be built by linking it with the existence of the local community. This journal examines the role and involvement of the community in the management of tourist areas in Pangandaran. Based on the study of tourism activities in Pangandaran, it is inseparable from community involvement from the planning stage to implementation, the commu-nity provides services to tourists such as lodging, culinary tours, souvenir shops, tour guides etc.

POTENTIAL OF CILETUH GEOPARK ECO-TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF MARINE TOURISM []


The Ciletuh National Geopark area which is administratively included in the Ciemas and Ciracap Districts, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province has a unique geological diversity and is the site of the oldest rock exposure in West Java. Because of its geological characteristics that are not found elsewhere, Ciletuh is a National Geopark (Earth Park) in Indonesia. In carrying out the Geopark concept, a supporting activity is needed to drive sustainable economic activity in the form of geotourism. The purpose of making this scientific article is to find out the potential for geotourism activities that can be carried out at the Ciletuh National Geopark.

The Effect Of Using PLN Mobile Application As E-Service Quality Implementation In Service Digital Transformation PT. PLN (Persero) On Customer Satisfaction Case Study At PT. PLN (Persero)South Southeast West Sulawesi Regional Head Unit []


AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality on the PLN Mobile application on PLN customer satisfaction in South Sulawesi province in terms of ease of use, application design, system availability, personal data security, responsiveness, customer trust and user experience. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of each service quality variable on the PLN Mobile application on customer satisfaction. This research was conducted on 400 PLN customers in South Sulawesi province and was carried out for 4 months from September 2021 to December 2021. The results showed that the variables of use, personal data security, trust and experience using the PLN Mobile application partially affected PLN customer satisfaction. in the province of South Sulawesi. And the variables of application design, system availability, responsiveness and empathy partially have no effect on PLN customer satisfaction in South Sulawesi province.Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, PLN Mobile Application

Effect of Dietary Vitamin B12 on Trypanosoma brucei brucei-Induced Cardiomyopathy of Male Wistar Albino Rats []


Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the diverse range of neglected diseases that are widespread in Africa. It is a serious disease with severe consequences[1]. There are two distinct forms of sleeping sickness; the chronic form which is caused by T. b. gambiense and the acute zoonotic form caused by T. b. rhodesiense[2]. The clinical signs and symptoms are the same in both gambiense HAT and rhodesiense HAT, but they vary in terms of frequency, severity, and appearance between individuals and foci[3]. The main signs and symptoms of the first stage of HAT are intermittent fever, headache, pruritus, lymphadenopathies, weakness, anemia, asthenia, cardiac and endocrine disorders, musculoskeletal pains and hepatosplenomegaly[4]. Cardiomyopathy is a disease that presents with symptoms of heart failure mainly due to the left ventricular systolic dysfunction and infections[5]. CD8+ lymphocytes are the dominant cells penetrating the tissues of the heart during infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chaga’s cardiomyopathy[6]. Variations in the levels of certain cardiac tissue biomarkers such as LDL, SOD, NO, catalase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide have been implicated in the Chaga’s cardiomyopathy. These inflammatory processes may cause heart disorder, which can clinically evident as congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and thromboembolic event[7]. Vitamin B12 is a group of molecules that has a corrin ring structure and central cobalt atom. It is stored bound to the glycoprotein haptocorrin, a blood protein that is available only to storage heart cells. Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for methionine synthase conversion of homocysteine to methionine[8]. Vitamin B12 status is evaluated by serum vitamin B12. Values below 170 pg/ml for adults indicate a vitamin B12 deficiency. Cognitive decline, neuropathy, myelopathy and sensory neuropathy has been implicated with vitamin B12 deficiency[9]. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can also include difficulty maintaining balance, depression, confusion, dementia, poor memory, and soreness of the mouth[10]. Vitamin B12 deficiency has also been linked to immuno-incompetence[11]. From the aforementioned reviews, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of dietary supplementation of Vitamin B12 on Trypanosoma brucei brucei-induced cardiomyopathy in male Wistar albino rats.

Characteristics of Liquid Waste Processing Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Fillet in Pangandaran, West Java []


Fishery production which has increased every year in all provinces of Indonesia has an impact on the amount of waste produced. The largest waste generated in the processing of fishery products is liquid waste. Liquid waste is generated at every stage of the process, such as washing and boiling. One treatment that produces liquid waste in the washing process is the fish filet industry. Tilapia fish is a cultivated commodity in West Java. Tilapia fish filets produce liquid waste from the washing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the liquid waste in the processing of tilapia fish filets. The study was conducted by taking samples from the tilapia fish filet industry in Pangandaran, West Java. The parameters tested in this study were pH value, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) on day 0 and day 5. Waste parameter testing was carried out at the tropical fisheries and marine laboratory, PSDKU UNPAD Pangandaran. The results showed that the pH value decreased. The pH on day 0 was 9 and on day 5 was 7. The amount of TSS was 10 mg/L, while the amount of BOD was 1.06 mg/L.

LE DETOURNEMENT DES MATERIELS MEDICAUX DANS UNE STRUCTURE SANITAIRE (Cas du Centre de Santé de Bakoma dans la Zone de Santé de Kalonda-Est, Province de Lomami, en RD Congo) []


RESUME Introduction : Le détournement pouvant être considéré comme une soustraction illégitime de quelque chose de sa destination initiale pour des fins privées, cette étude vise à déterminer les causes du détournement des matériels médicaux dans une structure sanitaire et proposer des pistes de solution. Méthodes : Nous avons recouru à une étude descriptive observationnelle dont la méthode est rétrospective. Elle s’étend sur une période d’une année allant du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2021. Résultats : Au terme de cette étude, nous avons aboutis aux résultats suivants : La tranche d’âge dominante parmi les 17 enquêtés est celle de 26 à 35 ans avec 41 % des cas, suivi de la tranche de 18 à 25 ans avec 24%. Quant au sexe, 59 % des enquêtés sont du sexe masculin et 41 % des enquêtés sont du sexe féminin. Le niveau d’étude le plus dominant au sein du personnel du Centre de santé Bakoma est celui des Diplômés d’Etat avec une proportion de 41% sur l’ensemble du personnel de la structure. Ce sont les Infirmiers (personnel soignant) qui sont prédominants sur l’ensemble du personnel car ils représentent 59 %. Tous les travailleurs de ce centre de santé ont une connaissance nette sur le détournement et connaissent les conséquences qui peuvent en découler. 41 % du personnel est primé par l’Etat et 59 % restent encore en attente de la régularisation de leur situation salariale. En ce qui concerne les quantités des matériels disponibles dans ce centre de santé selon leurs types, les matériels médicaux viennent en tête avec 69 %, les matériels de bureau représentent 27 % et enfin les matériels roulants représentent 4 %. Parmi les matériels se trouvant au Centre de santé Bakoma : 14 matériels au total ont été détournés dont 10 matériels médicaux soit 71 % et 4 matériels de bureau soit 29 %. Six (6) agents au total sont impliqués dans le détournement des matériels au Centre de Santé Bakoma dont : 4 soit 67 % sont des infirmiers, 1 soit 16,5 % de la catégorie des Administratifs et 1 soit 16,5 % de la catégorie des ouvriers. Sur les 6 Agents impliqués dans le détournement, 4 soit 67 % ont été blâmés et 2 soit 33 % ont été suspendus pour trois mois. La situation salariale influence grandement le détournement des matériels au sein du centre de santé de Bakoma ; car 83,4 % des détourneurs n’ont ni prime ni salaire. Conclusion : L’application stricte des mesures administrative serait l’une des stratégies pouvant remédier à cette situation du détournement. En plus, la régularisation de la situation salariale des agents pourrait également contribuer à la résolution de cette situation chaotique de détournement des matériels. Mots-clés : Détournement, matériels médicaux, structure sanitaire.

A NEW GENERAL INTEGRAL TRANSFORM DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR SOLVING FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS []


In this work, we introduce the general integral transform decomposition method to provide analytical solution for linear and non linear fractional differential equations. The technique is a combination of a new integral transform proposed by Hossein Jafari called the general integral transform and Adomian decomposition method. The new general integral transform is a generalization of all Laplace-type integral transforms. The proposed method does not require discretiztion or restrictive assumptions; it is straight forward, easy to implement and gives a series solution that converges rapidly. Several illustrative examples are considered and the results obtained are compared with the results obtained from other methods to show the feasibility, efficiency of the method.

A research on “Sustainable Work Environment and Ethical System in British Airlines” []


British Airways is a global UK legacy carrier, with the largest fleet of aircraft operations in the UK (British Airways, 2017). The airline has a reputation for its focus on customer service, modern business operations, and pioneering technologies for improving customer flight experiences such as happiness blankets powered with fibre optic technology to provide better inflight sleep experiences for customers (LUXE, 2017). British Airways strategy is identified as a differentiation strategy based on Porter’s (1980) framework for classifying competitive business strategies. According to the model, the differentiation strategy consists of a competitive strategy that achieved superior performance over competitors by offering more value, quality, innovation or uniqueness (Porter, 1980). In the case of British Airways, its differentiation strategy is based on quality flight experience and superior customer service (British Airways, 2017). However, the airline also faces stiff competition from low cost budget airlines, in addition to catering to people who would normally not have been able to travel by air, protracted economic recession has made these budget airlines more attractive to a larger customer base, encroaching into traditional market segments that were traditionally dominated by British Airways (Frankel, 2004; Needle, 2010). The budget airlines have also since shifted from offering only no frills services and single class tickets to offering improved customers services, priority and more privileged ticket classes that provided more comfort and travel efficiencies to business class travellers, which also directly competes with British airways for this segment of customers that were traditionally BA favourites (Future Travel Experience, 2014). In order to cope with the increased market competition and its higher cost base and reduced profit margins in relation to the low budget airline, British Airways has had to rethink its strategies by starting to offer reduced frill services and baggage charges on some of their flight routes (Denton, 2016).

POTENTIAL AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING INTE-GRATED BUCKET FISH FARMING AS A FAMILY FOOD PROVIDER IN WEST JAVA []


In the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, various economic activities among the community are experiencing obstacles. Ironically, the price of food, which is a basic human need, tends to increase as a result of regional restrictions which consequently hamper distribution and supply. One form of activity to be able to produce food independently at the family level as well as at the individual level is integrated fish farm-ing in buckets which served as a solution to meet basic family food needs. Based on a survey conducted in several areas in West Java, it was found that 36% of the people agreed that this method was easy to implement, even 25.8% strongly agreed with this. However, the lack of knowledge about this method is one of the causes that this method was not still well grasped in the community. In addition, the inadequate time that the community has is one of the causes of the lack of community interest in doing this method at home. Hence, that information about this method must be actively conveyed, as a result local communities can apply it efficiently and are familiar with the knowledge of inte-grated bucket fish farming.

POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF ALOE VERA FOR FISH FARMING []


Antibiotics are routinely used in fish farming to prevent infections caused by bacteria. The downside of this strategy is that if the antibiotic is used to treat fish repeatedly, disease-causing bacteria will develop resistance. An immunostimulant material is frequently used in fish farming to prevent disease and raise fish resistance to disease as an alternate solution to this problem. The aloe vera plant is known to contain active chemicals that serve as immunostimulants and can benefit fish. Saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and acemannan are among the active ingredients found in aloe vera skin extract.

Rethinking the workshop approach and its relevance in peacebuilding: The case of African Community for Publishing and Development Trust (ACPDT) in Masembura communal area of Zimbabwe from 2009-2020. []


The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of workshop approach as a model of peace building in Masembura communal area using the case of ACDPT from 2009-2015.This community has experienced various conflicts since the attainment of independence in Zimbabwe. As a result, various conflict resolution and peace building initiatives have been put in place in trying to ensure peaceful coexistence. Although the peace building approaches had limited success they lacked a comprehensive and inclusive approach. Using Gultang’s three Rs Reconciliation, Restoration and Reconstruction the study explored and revealed the extent to which workshop approach has been effective as a model of peace building in Masembura. The integration of workshop approach with indigenous knowledge systems has promoted a platform for cooperation among all stakeholders to bring peace to a community where conflict fault lines are present at all levels of the society. The major finding of this research is that annihilation of indigenous knowledge systems and traditional leaders will make workshop approach irrelevant in Masembura communal area. Data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, direct observations and documentary reviews so as to triangulate the evidence. Forty-eight participants provided information concerning the effectiveness of workshop approach as a model of peace building in Masembura communal area. The study showed that there are a number of challenges which are being faced in trying to execute workshops as an approach of peace building. These challenges range from anthropological dynamics to a perceived political affiliation of Non-Governmental organizations to opposition politics in the country. Therefore, the study concluded that workshops can be very effective in peace building only if they are blended or juxtaposed with indigenous knowledge systems for them to be culturally and contextually relevant. More so, the research recommends the facilitation of peace building workshops by both indigenous elders and relevant programs officer of the concerned peace building organization. There is also a strong need to depoliticize traditional leaders so much so that they can be conveniently used as agents of peace and justice in collaboration with workshop approach.

HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICTS: CAUSES AND MITIGATION MEASURES IN WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY OF KRALA []


Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) happens when wildlife requisites encroach on human populations, which costs; both to residents and wild animals. Lack of resources is the vital reason for conflicts and it causes crop damage, cattle-lifting, human casualties and household damage. Wild animal- human conflict incidents are likely to increase and threaten the domestic animals. Especially cattle, goats, and poultry of poor villagers, occurring in and around national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Human population expansion, habitat degradation and fragmentation, land use transformation and rising densities of livestock in protected areas are considered as the major causes of Human-Wildlife conflict. In this context a study was carried out with the objectives to assess and estimate the human causalities, crop damage, cattle lifting, by wild animals and how to reduce the conflict with suitable mitigation strategies. The data regarding human casualties and injuries, house damage, crop damage and cattle loss caused during wildlife conflicts from 2015 to 2020 was collected from Wayanad wildlife sanctuary and analysed.

EFFECT OF REALITY BEHAVIOUR THERAPY (RBT) ON TRUANCY AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DAMATURU METROPOLIS, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA []


This study investigated the Effect of Reality Behaviour Therapy (RBT) on truancy among junior secondary school students in Damaturu Metropolis, Yobe State, Nigeria. This study adopts quasi-experimental research designs. Specifically, the study employed the use of cohort quasi-experimental design. This design is aimed at comparison of post-test scores of the two cohorts. The population for the study comprised of all truant students in government day junior secondary school in Damaturu metropolis, Yobe state, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one hundred and sixty nine (169) truant students through class register record for the first term of 2019/2020 academic session. Data was collected in three different but interconnected phases viz: pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment and was analysed using t-test and ANOVA. The result obtained shows that there was significant effect of reality behaviour therapy on truancy among junior secondary school students and also the effect of reality behaviour therapy was significantly differ according to the age of the student. The study recommended that counselling/Educational psychologists should intensify their effort to organize seminars on the implications of reality behaviour therapy as effective interventions on truancy rate among junior secondary school students; students in the school should be encouraged and trained on the effective usage of these interventions (reality behaviour therapy). This will make the students to adopt effective attitude towards truancy.

Risk Perception regarding COVID vaccines among Population in Middle Euphrates governorates []


COVID vaccination is important for protecting the health of these populations and reducing health inequities. Several vaccines have been approved against corona virus disease (COVID) and distributed globally in different regions. However, general community, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID vaccinations are poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate community, perceptions towards COVID- 19 vaccinations in al middle Euphrates. Methods: A cross sectional study exploratory and anonymous population-based was conducted among 885 general individuals (66.8% female; 33.2% male). The survey was conduct using a semi-structured and electronic questionnaire containing informed consent along with two sections (socio-demographics, and perceptions). Results: Current study find that most of sample items have risk perception toward COVID vaccines in 42.26%

AGRICULTURE ET CROISSANCE ÉCONOMIQUE EN RDC: Une application du modèle de moindre carré ordinaire []


Cette étude réexamine le lien empirique entre le secteur agricole et la croissance économique en République Démocratique du Congo. A l'aide de la méthodologie économetrique basée sur le modèle de régression linéaire multiples et plusieurs tests, nous montrons que la valeur ajoutée que le secteur agricole et l'exportation des produits agricoles peuvent générer démontre suffisamment l'influence de ce secteur qui peut faciliter la diversification de l'économie congolaise en la rendant résiliente, dynamique et peu vulnérable aux chocs extérnes.. Toutefois, la faible contribution de ce secteur dans le PIB de la RDC actuellement est du non seulement de l'absence d'une politique agricole pouvant attirer les investisseurs publics ou privés dans le secteur, mais aussi et surtout la part du revenu budgétaire alloué par l'Etat congolais à ce secteur est insignifiant pour booster le développement agricole congolais.